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Shen Y, You Y, Zhu K, Li G, Huang X, Chen D, Yang F, Dong L, Li J, Yu X. The traditional Chinese medicine Qiangjing tablet prevents blood-testis barrier injury induced by CdCl 2 through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:591-603. [PMID: 36370150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental contaminants such as cadmium (Cd) may have a deleterious impact on sperm and reduce male fertility by compromising the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Hence, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Qiangjing tablet (QJP) on sperm quality and BTB alterations induced by Cd in mouse testes were examined. METHODS Adult KM mice challenged with Cd chloride were examined, QJP was administered to mice as an oral drug by gavage, and the experiments lasted 2 weeks. Testicular and epididymal weights, sperm quality, anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb), hormone levels, and histology were evaluated. Changes in the levels of N-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, claudin-11, F-actin, and β-tubulin and their mRNAs were evaluated. The effects of QJP on the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway were evaluated. RESULTS CdCl2 decreased reproductive organ weight, sperm quality, and testosterone (T) levels; increased AsAb, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; induced structural damage in testicles with BTB disruption; increased BTB permeability; and decreased N-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, claudin-11, F-actin, and β-tubulin expression. After treatment, QJP blocked the effects of Cd on reproductive organ weight, sperm quality, and T; mitigated germinal epithelium compartment alterations; decreased AsAb, FSH, and LH levels; and preserved BTB ultrastructure and function. In addition, QJP induced increases in N-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, claudin-11, F-actin, and β-tubulin levels and the expression of their mRNAs through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway. After the application of JRAB2011, the levels of a specific mTORC2 suppressor, Rictor, and the BTB-protective effect of QJP were greatly reduced. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the effect of QJP against Cd-induced damage to the BTB, and the results indicate that QJP may play a significant role in opposing the effects of Cd through the PI3K/Akt/Rictor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangsen Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Diang Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital/The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xujun Yu
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital/The Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Collins A, Møller P, Gajski G, Vodenková S, Abdulwahed A, Anderson D, Bankoglu EE, Bonassi S, Boutet-Robinet E, Brunborg G, Chao C, Cooke MS, Costa C, Costa S, Dhawan A, de Lapuente J, Bo' CD, Dubus J, Dusinska M, Duthie SJ, Yamani NE, Engelward B, Gaivão I, Giovannelli L, Godschalk R, Guilherme S, Gutzkow KB, Habas K, Hernández A, Herrero O, Isidori M, Jha AN, Knasmüller S, Kooter IM, Koppen G, Kruszewski M, Ladeira C, Laffon B, Larramendy M, Hégarat LL, Lewies A, Lewinska A, Liwszyc GE, de Cerain AL, Manjanatha M, Marcos R, Milić M, de Andrade VM, Moretti M, Muruzabal D, Novak M, Oliveira R, Olsen AK, Owiti N, Pacheco M, Pandey AK, Pfuhler S, Pourrut B, Reisinger K, Rojas E, Rundén-Pran E, Sanz-Serrano J, Shaposhnikov S, Sipinen V, Smeets K, Stopper H, Teixeira JP, Valdiglesias V, Valverde M, van Acker F, van Schooten FJ, Vasquez M, Wentzel JF, Wnuk M, Wouters A, Žegura B, Zikmund T, Langie SAS, Azqueta A. Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 PMCID: PMC10281087 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Soňa Vodenková
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Abdulhadi Abdulwahed
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana Anderson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alok Dhawan
- Centre of BioMedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Joaquin de Lapuente
- Toxicology Department, AC MARCA Group, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Dubus
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Susan J Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bevin Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Khaled Habas
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bradford University, Bradford, UK
| | - Alba Hernández
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Department Circular Economy and Environment, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research-TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcelo Larramendy
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Angélique Lewies
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Guillermo E Liwszyc
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Damian Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Norah Owiti
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- Global Product Stewardship - Human Safety, The Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emilio Rojas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ville Sipinen
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Biocev, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Raines K, Copplestone JGD, Lim J. Biomarkers and Ecological indicators for Environmental Radioactivity in Invertebrates. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY SERIES A: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2022:245-270. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-2101-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Raja IS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Shin DM, Lee JH, Han DW. A critical review on genotoxicity potential of low dimensional nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124915. [PMID: 33422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional nanomaterials (LDNMs) have earned attention among researchers as they exhibit a larger surface area to volume and quantum confinement effect compared to high dimensional nanomaterials. LDNMs, including 0-D and 1-D, possess several beneficial biomedical properties such as bioimaging, sensor, cosmetic, drug delivery, and cancer tumors ablation. However, they threaten human beings with the adverse effects of cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity when exposed for a prolonged time in industry or laboratory. Among different toxicities, genotoxicity must be taken into consideration with utmost importance as they inherit DNA related disorders causing congenital disabilities and malignancy to human beings. Many researchers have performed NMs' genotoxicity using various cell lines and animal models and reported the effect on various physicochemical and biological factors. In the present work, we have compiled a comparative study on the genotoxicity of the same or different kinds of NMs. Notwithstanding, we have included the classification of genotoxicity, mechanism, assessment, and affecting factors. Further, we have highlighted the importance of studying the genotoxicity of LDNMs and signified the perceptions, future challenges, and possible directives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Daan Korea Corporation, Seoul 06252, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Jiang X, Chang Y, Zhang T, Qiao Y, Klobučar G, Li M. Toxicological effects of polystyrene microplastics on earthworm (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113896. [PMID: 31918148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are plastic fragments of particle sizes less than 5 mm, which are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial environments. In this study, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to 100 and 1000 μg of 100 nm and 1300 nm fluorescent polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) per kg of artificial soil for 14 days. Uptake or accumulation of PS-MPs in earthworm intestines, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were assessed to determine the toxicological effects of PS-MPs on E. fetida. The results showed that the average accumulated concentrations in the earthworm intestines were higher for 1300 nm PS-MPs (0.084 ± 0.005 and 0.094 ± 0.003 μg/mg for 100 and 1000 μg/kg, respectively) than for 100 nm PS-MPs (0.015 ± 0.001 and 0.033 ± 0.002 μg/mg for 100 and 1000 μg/kg, respectively). In addition, histopathological analysis indicated that the intestinal cells were damaged after exposure to PS-MPs. Furthermore, PS-MPs significantly changed glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The GSH levels were 86.991 ± 7.723, 165.436 ± 4.256-167.767 ± 18.642, and 93.590 ± 4.279-173.980 ± 15.523 μmol/L in the control, 100 nm, and 1300 nm PS-MPs treatment groups. In addition, the SOD activities were 10.566 ± 0.621, 9.039 ± 0.787-9.408 ± 0.493, and 7.959 ± 0.422-9.195 ± 0.327 U/mg protein for the control, 100 nm, and 1300 nm PS-MPs treatment groups, respectively, indicating that oxidative stress was induced after PS-MPs exposure. Furthermore, the comet assay suggested that exposure to PS-MPs induced DNA damage in earthworms. Overall, 1300 nm PS-MPs showed more toxic effect than 100 nm PS-MPs on earthworms. These findings provide new insights regarding the toxicological effects of low concentrations of microplastics on earthworms, and on the ecological risks of microplastics to soil animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yeqian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Stankevičiūtė M, Jakubowska M, Pažusienė J, Makaras T, Otremba Z, Urban-Malinga B, Fey DP, Greszkiewicz M, Sauliutė G, Baršienė J, Andrulewicz E. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field on larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Baltic clam (Limecola balthica) and common ragworm (Hediste diversicolor). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:109-117. [PMID: 30641415 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess genotoxicity and cytotoxicity responses in aquatic animals exposed to 50 Hz 1 m T electromagnetic field (EMF). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at early stages of development were exposed to EMF for 40 days, whereas marine benthic invertebrates - the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor and the Baltic clam Limecola balthica - for 12 days. To define genotoxicity and cytotoxicity responses in selected animals, assays of nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood erythrocytes of O. mykiss, coelomocytes of H. diversicolor and gill cells of L. balthica were performed. Induction of formation of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB), nuclear buds on filament cells (NBf) and cells with blebbed nuclei (BL) were assessed as genotoxicity endpoints, and 8-shaped nuclei, fragmented (Fr), apoptotic (Ap) and binucleated (BN) cells as cytotoxicity endpoints. Exposure to EMF affected all studied species but with varying degrees. The strongest responses to EMF treatment were elicited in L. balthica, in which six out of the total eight analyzed geno- and cytotoxicity endpoints were significantly elevated. Significantly induced frequencies of MN were detected in O. mykiss and H. diversicolor cells, NBf and BL only in gill cells of L. balthica, and NB in analyzed tissues of all the test species. As cytotoxicity endpoints, a significant elevation in frequencies of cells with 8-shaped nuclei was found in O. mykiss and L. balthica, while Ap and BN was observed only in L. balthica. EMF exposure did not induce any significant cytotoxic activity in H. diversicolor coelomocytes. The present study is the first to reveal the genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of 1 m T EMF in aquatic animals, and, consequently, the first one to report the adverse effect of this factor on common marine invertebrates and early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Makaras
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Dariusz P Fey
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Martyna Greszkiewicz
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Baršienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
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7
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Pourrut B, Del Bo’ C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:82-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yang Y, Xiao Y, Chang Y, Cui Y, Klobučar G, Li M. Intestinal damage, neurotoxicity and biochemical responses caused by tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tricresyl phosphate on earthworm. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:78-86. [PMID: 29660616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) draw growing concern about characterizing the potential risk on environmental health due to its wide usage and distribution. Two typical types of organophosphate esters (OPEs): tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were selected to evaluate toxicity of OPEs to the soil organism like earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Histopathological examination (H&E), oxidative stress, DNA damage and RT-qPCR was used to identify the effects and potential mechanism of their toxicity. Hameatoxylin and eosin (H&E) demonstrated that intestinal cells suffered serious damage, and the observed up-regulation of chitinase and cathepsin L in mRNA levels confirmed it. Both TCEP and TCP significantly increased the DNA damage when the concentrations exceeded 1 mg/kg (p < 0.01), and a dose-response relationship was observed. In addition, TCEP and TCP also changed the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and expression of genes associated with neurotoxic effects in earthworms even under exposure to low OPEs concentration (0.1 mg/kg). Moreover, genes associated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and carrier protein further demonstrated that highest concentration of TCEP (10 mg/kg) may have an overloading impact on the cholinergic system of E. fetida. Integrated Biological Response index (IBRv2) showed that TCEP exerted stronger toxicity than TCP under the same concentrations. We deduced that the observed intestinal damage, oxidative stress and neurotoxic effect might be the primary mechanisms of TCEP and TCP toxicity. This study provides insight into the toxicological effects of OPEs on earthworm model, and may be useful for risk assessment of OPEs on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yeqian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yibin Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Li J, He X, Yang Y, Li M, Xu C, Yu R. Risk assessment of silica nanoparticles on liver injury in metabolic syndrome mice induced by fructose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:366-374. [PMID: 29448021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects and the mechanisms of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on hepatotoxicity in both normal and metabolic syndrome mouse models induced by fructose. Here, we found that SiNPs exposure lead to improved insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome mice, but markedly worsened hepatic ballooning, inflammation infiltration, and fibrosis. Moreover, SiNPs exposure aggravated liver injury in metabolic syndrome mice by causing serious DNA damage. Following SiNPs exposure, liver superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in metabolic syndrome mice were stimulated, which is accompanied by significantly increased malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels as compared to normal mice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that SiNPs were more readily deposited in the liver mitochondria of metabolic syndrome mice, resulting in more severe mitochondrial injury as compared to normal mice. We speculated that SiNPs-induced mitochondrial injury might be the cause of hepatic oxidative stress, which further lead to a series of liver lesions as observed in mice following SiNPs exposure. Based on these results, it is likely that SiNPs will increase the risk and severity of liver disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, SiNPs should be used cautiously in food additives and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chenke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Ghosh S. Environmental pollutants, pathogens and immune system in earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6196-6208. [PMID: 29327186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms also known as farmer's friends are natural tillers of soil. They belong to Phylum Annelida and class Oligochaeta. Acid soils with organic matter and surface humus maintain the largest fauna of worms and earthworms. Due to their habitat in soil, they are constantly exposed to microbes and pollution generated by anthropogenic sources. Studies have revealed that damage of the immune system of earthworms can lead to alterations of both morphological and cellular characteristics of worms, activation of signalling pathways and can strongly influence their survival. Therefore, the understanding of the robust immune system in earthworms has become very important from the point of view of understanding its role in combating pathogens and pollutants and its role in indicating the soil pollution. In this article, we have outlined the (i) components of the immune system and (ii) their function of immunological responses on exposure to pollutants and pathogens. This study finds importance from the point of view of ecotoxicology and monitoring of earthworm health and exploring the scope of earthworm immune system components as biomarkers of pollutants and environmental toxicity. The future scope of this review remains in understanding the earthworm immunobiology and indicating strong biomarkers for pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamasree Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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11
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Maria VL, Ribeiro MJ, Guilherme S, Soares AMVM, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Silver (nano)materials cause genotoxicity in Enchytraeus crypticus, as determined by the comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:184-191. [PMID: 28796341 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enchytraeids have been used in standard ecotoxicity testing for approximately 20 yr. Since adopting the standard test for survival and reproduction, a number of additional tools have been developed, including transcriptomics and enzymatic biomarkers. So far, a genotoxicity tool and endpoint have not been used; hence, the goals of the present study included optimization of the in vivo alkaline comet assay in Enchytraeus crypticus. Further, the effect of silver nanomaterial (Ag NM300K, dispersed, 15 nm) was tested and compared with silver nitrate. Hydrogen peroxide was used as a positive control. The various steps were optimized. The fully detailed standard operating procedure is presented. Silver materials caused genotoxicity, this being differentiated for the nano and non-nano forms. Silver nitrate caused genotoxicity after 3 d of exposure in a dose-related manner, although after 7 d the effects were either reduced or repaired. Ag NM300K caused higher genotoxicity after 7 d for the lowest concentration, highlighting a potential nonmonotonic dose-response effect. Overall, the comet assay showed the power to discriminate effects between materials and also toxicity at low relevant doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:184-191. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ribeiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Šrut M, Drechsel V, Höckner M. Low levels of Cd induce persisting epigenetic modifications and acclimation mechanisms in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176047. [PMID: 28426746 PMCID: PMC5398608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), a common soil pollutant, are still not very well understood, particularly in regard to its epigenetic impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess DNA methylation changes and their persistence in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris upon chronic low dose Cd exposure using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). Moreover, the biomarker response and fitness of the earthworms, as well as the expression of detoxification-related genes (metallothionein (MT) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS)) was evaluated. Low levels of Cd caused an increase in genome-wide DNA methylation, which remained partly modified, even after several months of recovery in unpolluted soil. Increased cellular stress seemed to decrease after two weeks of exposure whereas fitness parameters remained unaffected by Cd, probably as a result from the activation of detoxification mechanisms like the expression of MTs. Interestingly, even though the level of Cd exposure was very low, MT expression levels indicate the development of acclimation mechanisms. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acclimation, as well as epigenetic modifications can occur already in moderately polluted environments. In addition, these effects can have long-lasting impacts on key species of soil invertebrates and might persist long after the actual heavy metal challenge has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šrut
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Victoria Drechsel
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Höckner
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Evaluation of Complex Toxicity of Canbon Nanotubes and Sodium Pentachlorophenol Based on Earthworm Coelomocytes Test. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28125623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170092.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a standard testing organism in soil ecosystems, the earthworm Eisenia fetida has been used widely in toxicity studies. However, tests at the individual level are time- and animal-consuming, with limited sensitivity. Earthworm coelomocytes are important for the assimilation and elimination of exogenous compounds and play a key role in the processes of phagocytosis and inflammation. In this study, we explored an optimal condition to culture coelomocytes of E. fetida in vitro and investigated the cytotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and sodium pentachlorophenol (PCP-Na) using coelomocytes via evaluating lethal toxicity, oxidative stress, membrane damage, and DNA damage. The results showed that coelomocytes can be successfully cultured in vitro in primary under the RPMI-1640 medium with 2-4×104 cells/well (1-2×105 cells/mL) in 96-well plates at 25°C without CO2. Both MWCNTs and PCP-Na could cause oxidative damage and produce ROS, an evidence for lipid peroxidation with MDA generation and SOD and CAT activity inhibition at high stress. The two chemicals could separately damage the cell membrane structure, increasing permeability and inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, our results indicate that PCP-Na may be adsorbed onto MWCNTs and its toxicity on earthworm was accordingly alleviated, while a synergetic effect was revealed when PCP-Na and MWCNTs were added separately. In summary, coelomocyte toxicity in in vitro analysis is a sensitive method for detecting the adverse effects of carbon nanotubes combined with various pollutants.
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14
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Evaluation of Complex Toxicity of Canbon Nanotubes and Sodium Pentachlorophenol Based on Earthworm Coelomocytes Test. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170092. [PMID: 28125623 PMCID: PMC5268766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a standard testing organism in soil ecosystems, the earthworm Eisenia fetida has been used widely in toxicity studies. However, tests at the individual level are time- and animal-consuming, with limited sensitivity. Earthworm coelomocytes are important for the assimilation and elimination of exogenous compounds and play a key role in the processes of phagocytosis and inflammation. In this study, we explored an optimal condition to culture coelomocytes of E. fetida in vitro and investigated the cytotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and sodium pentachlorophenol (PCP-Na) using coelomocytes via evaluating lethal toxicity, oxidative stress, membrane damage, and DNA damage. The results showed that coelomocytes can be successfully cultured in vitro in primary under the RPMI-1640 medium with 2–4×104 cells/well (1–2×105 cells/mL) in 96-well plates at 25°C without CO2. Both MWCNTs and PCP-Na could cause oxidative damage and produce ROS, an evidence for lipid peroxidation with MDA generation and SOD and CAT activity inhibition at high stress. The two chemicals could separately damage the cell membrane structure, increasing permeability and inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, our results indicate that PCP-Na may be adsorbed onto MWCNTs and its toxicity on earthworm was accordingly alleviated, while a synergetic effect was revealed when PCP-Na and MWCNTs were added separately. In summary, coelomocyte toxicity in in vitro analysis is a sensitive method for detecting the adverse effects of carbon nanotubes combined with various pollutants.
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15
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Rocha TL, Mestre NC, Sabóia-Morais SMT, Bebianno MJ. Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of quantum dots at various trophic levels: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 98:1-17. [PMID: 27745949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide application of quantum dots (QDs) in electronics, pharmacy and nanomedicine, limited data is available on their environmental health risk. To advance our current understanding of the environmental impact of these engineered nanomaterials, the aim of this review is to give a detailed insight on the existing information concerning the behaviour, transformation and fate of QDs in the aquatic environment, as well as on its mode of action (MoA), ecotoxicity, trophic transfer and biomagnification at various trophic levels (micro-organisms, aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates). Data show that several types of Cd-based QDs, even at low concentrations (<mgCdL-1), induce different toxic effects compared to their dissolved counterpart, indicating nano-specific ecotoxicity. QD ecotoxicity at different trophic levels is highly dependent on its physico-chemical properties, environmental conditions, concentration and exposure time, as well as, species, while UV irradiation increases its toxicity. The state of the art regarding the MoA of QDs according to taxonomic groups is summarised and illustrated. Accumulation and trophic transfer of QDs was observed in freshwater and seawater species, while limited biomagnification and detoxification processes were detected. Finally, current knowledge gaps are discussed and recommendations for future research identified. Overall, the knowledge available indicates that in order to develop sustainable nanotechnologies there is an urgent need to develop Cd-free QDs and new "core-shell-conjugate" QD structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Lopes Rocha
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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16
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Rocha TL, Sabóia-Morais SMT, Bebianno MJ. Histopathological assessment and inflammatory response in the digestive gland of marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to cadmium-based quantum dots. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:306-315. [PMID: 27340787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although tissue-level biomarkers have been widely applied in environmental toxicology studies, the knowledge using this approach in marine invertebrates exposed to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) remains limited. This study investigated histopathological alterations and inflammatory responses induced by Cd-based quantum dots (QDs), in comparison with their dissolved counterparts, in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to CdTe QDs and dissolved Cd at the same concentration (10μg Cd L(-1)) for 14days and a total of 15 histopathological alterations and 17 histomorphometric parameters were analysed in the digestive gland along with the determination of histopathological condition indices (Ih). A multivariate analysis showed that the mussel response to QDs was more related to exposure time, inflammatory conditions (frequency of haemocytic infiltration and granulocytomas) and changes of cell-type composition (especially the rate between basophilic and digestive cells) when compared to dissolved Cd, while the response to dissolved Cd was associated with histomorphometric parameters of the epithelium and lumen of digestive tubules and increase of the atrophic tubule frequency. Both Cd forms induced higher Ih compared to unexposed mussels indicating a significant decrease in the health status of digestive gland in a Cd form and time-dependent pattern. Results indicate that the multiparametric tissue-level biomarkers in the digestive gland provide a suitable approach to assess the ecotoxicity and mode of action of metal-based ENMs in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Lopes Rocha
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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17
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Yang Y, Ji F, Cui Y, Li M. Ecotoxicological effects of earthworm following long-term Dechlorane Plus exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2476-2481. [PMID: 26619313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP), similar to persistent organic pollutants, has been widely detected in environmental matrices, especially in sediment and soil. In this study, earthworms Eisenia fetida were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 6.25 and 12.5 mg kg(-1) DP for 28 d. Lethality, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and cellulase of E. fetida were assessed to investigate ecotoxicological effects of DP after long-term exposure. Results showed that the direct toxicity of DP was very low. However, death rate, as well as SOD activity, together with changes in activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and GSH levels, indicating that oxidative stress may play a significant role in DP exposure. In addition, DP also changes the AChE and cellulase activity of earthworms even under low DP concentration after long-term exposure. Moreover, comet assay results showed that DP exposure increased the levels of tDNA significantly (p < 0.05) even in the lowest treatment (0.1 mg kg(-1) DP). Combined with the results of enzyme activity, oxidative damage and comet assay, it can be suggested that earthworms experience more stress of DP during long-time exposure. This study provides insight into the toxicological effects of DP on earthworm model, and may be useful for risk assessment of DP on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Funian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yibin Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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18
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de Lapuente J, Lourenço J, Mendo SA, Borràs M, Martins MG, Costa PM, Pacheco M. The Comet Assay and its applications in the field of ecotoxicology: a mature tool that continues to expand its perspectives. Front Genet 2015; 6:180. [PMID: 26089833 PMCID: PMC4454841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Singh and colleagues, in 1988, launched to the scientific community the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) protocol, or Comet Assay, its uses and applications has been increasing. The thematic areas of its current employment in the evaluation of genetic toxicity are vast, either in vitro or in vivo, both in the laboratory and in the environment, terrestrial or aquatic. It has been applied to a wide range of experimental models: bacteria, fungi, cells culture, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and humans. This document is intended to be a comprehensive review of what has been published to date on the field of ecotoxicology, aiming at the following main aspects: (i) to show the most relevant experimental models used as bioindicators both in the laboratory and in the field. Fishes are clearly the most adopted group, reflecting their popularity as bioindicator models, as well as a primary concern over the aquatic environment health. Amphibians are among the most sensitive organisms to environmental changes, mainly due to an early aquatic-dependent development stage and a highly permeable skin. Moreover, in the terrestrial approach, earthworms, plants or mammalians are excellent organisms to be used as experimental models for genotoxic evaluation of pollutants, complex mix of pollutants and chemicals, in both laboratory and natural environment. (ii) To review the development and modifications of the protocols used and the cell types (or tissues) used. The most recent developments concern the adoption of the enzyme linked assay (digestion with lesion-specific repair endonucleases) and prediction of the ability to repair of oxidative DNA damage, which is becoming a widespread approach, albeit challenging. For practical/technical reasons, blood is the most common choice but tissues/cells like gills, sperm cells, early larval stages, coelomocytes, liver or kidney have been also used. (iii) To highlight correlations with other biomarkers. (iv) To build a constructive criticism and summarize the needs for protocol improvements for future test applications within the field of ecotoxicology. The Comet Assay is still developing and its potential is yet underexploited in experimental models, mesocosmos or natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín de Lapuente
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia A. Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miquel Borràs
- Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology (UTOX-CERETOX), Barcelona Science ParkBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marta G. Martins
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago. Aveiro, Portugal
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