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Rosenblum J, Blaumeiser B, Janssens K. The impact of confined placental mosaicism on prenatal cell-free DNA screening: Insights from a monocentric study of 99 cases. Placenta 2024; 152:17-22. [PMID: 38744036 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Confined placental mosaicism (CPM) is thought to be one of the main sources of false-positive prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening results, but extensive and systematic studies to prove this statement are limited. We evaluate the contribution of CPM to false-positive prenatal cfDNA screening results in the largest cohort published to date. METHOD We systematically offered postnatal analysis on placenta and umbilical cord to women who had a negative amniocentesis following a positive prenatal cfDNA screening result. A standardized protocol was used in which (when available) biopsies were taken at five locations in the placenta and umbilical cord. RESULTS We analyzed a series of 99 placentas. CPM could be confirmed in 32.3 % of cases (32/99). CPM was detected across all subtypes of chromosomal aberrations (common and rare autosomal trisomies, sex chromosome abnormalities, copy number variations and autosomal monosomies). A lower detection rate was present in umbilical cord biopsies in comparison with placental biopsies. When comparing different sections of the placenta, no clear difference could be observed with regard to the probability of CPM being present nor to the grade of mosaicism. DISCUSSION We confirm an important role for CPM in explaining false-positive prenatal cfDNA screening results. Placental regional differences are common. Given its limited clinical relevance, we do however not advocate placental studies in a diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rosenblum
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Janssens
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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Cagino K, Chasen ST. Is Amniocentesis after CVS Risky? Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:876-878. [PMID: 35240697 PMCID: PMC11132116 DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-6785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately, 2% of women who undergo chorionic villi sampling (CVS) will subsequently undergo amniocentesis due to placental mosaicism or sampling/laboratory issues. Our objective was to compare obstetric outcomes in women who underwent both procedures with those who had CVS alone. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study of patients with singleton pregnancies undergoing invasive testing from 2010 to 2020 was performed. All women who underwent CVS followed by amniocentesis were compared with a control group who underwent CVS alone matched (2:1) for age and year of pregnancy. Women with pregnancy loss at <16 weeks were excluded from the control group. Pregnancies terminated for genetic abnormalities were excluded. Obstetric outcomes were compared between cases and controls. Student t-test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS During the study period 2,539 women underwent CVS, and 66 (2.6%) subsequently underwent amniocentesis. The 66 cases were compared with 132 age-matched controls who underwent CVS alone. Mean maternal age was 36.8 ± 3.4 years, and 43% of women were nulliparous. Amniocentesis was performed due to sampling or laboratory issues in 33% of cases, placental mosaicism in 44%, and further diagnostic testing in 23%. There were no pregnancy losses or stillbirths in either group. Those who had two invasive procedures delivered at similar gestational ages and birthweights and did not have higher rates of adverse outcomes compared with those who underwent CVS alone. CONCLUSION Patients considering CVS who are concerned about the possibility that a second invasive procedure could be required should be reassured that this does not appear to be associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes. Due to study size, we cannot exclude the possibility of small differences in uncommon outcomes, such as pregnancy loss or stillbirth. KEY POINTS · Amniocentesis may be recommended after CVS due to mosaicism, sampling issues, or further testing.. · Amniocentesis after CVS is not associated with pregnancy loss or other adverse outcomes compared.. · Patients who have both CVS and amniocentesis deliver at similar gestational ages and birthweights..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Cagino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T. Chasen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY, USA
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Clarke MT, Remesal L, Lentz L, Tan DJ, Young D, Thapa S, Namuduri SR, Borges B, Kirn G, Valencia J, Lopez ME, Lui JH, Shiow LR, Dindot S, Villeda S, Sanders SJ, MacKenzie TC. Prenatal delivery of a therapeutic antisense oligonucleotide achieves broad biodistribution in the brain and ameliorates Angelman syndrome phenotype in mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:935-951. [PMID: 38327047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS), an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal gait, intellectual disabilities, and seizures, occurs when the maternal allele of the UBE3A gene is disrupted, since the paternal allele is silenced in neurons by the UBE3A antisense (UBE3A-AS) transcript. Given the importance of early treatment, we hypothesized that prenatal delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) would downregulate the murine Ube3a-AS, resulting in increased UBE3A protein and functional rescue. Using a mouse model with a Ube3a-YFP allele that reports on-target ASO activity, we found that in utero, intracranial (IC) injection of the ASO resulted in dose-dependent activation of paternal Ube3a, with broad biodistribution. Accordingly, in utero injection of the ASO in a mouse model of AS also resulted in successful restoration of UBE3A and phenotypic improvements in treated mice on the accelerating rotarod and fear conditioning. Strikingly, even intra-amniotic (IA) injection resulted in systemic biodistribution and high levels of UBE3A reactivation throughout the brain. These findings offer a novel strategy for early treatment of AS using an ASO, with two potential routes of administration in the prenatal window. Beyond AS, successful delivery of a therapeutic ASO into neurons has implications for a clinically feasible prenatal treatment for numerous neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Clarke
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laura Remesal
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea Lentz
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - David Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Slesha Thapa
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, California, USA
| | - Shalini R Namuduri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beltran Borges
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Georgia Kirn
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Valencia
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jan H Lui
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical, San Rafael, California, USA
| | | | - Scott Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Saul Villeda
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, United Kingdom
| | - Tippi C MacKenzie
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA; Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Abels E, Adkins BD, Cedeno K, Booth GS, Allen ES, Stephens LD, Woo JS, Tormey CA, Jacobs JW. Assessing Recommendations for Determining Fetal Risk in Alloimmunized Pregnancies in the United States: Is It Time to Update a Decades-Old Practice? Transfus Med Rev 2024; 38:150810. [PMID: 38194730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The current recommended testing algorithm for assessing the alloimmunized pregnancy utilized by many obstetricians in the United States (US) fails to consider the most recent evidence, placing fetuses, and mothers at unnecessary risk of poor outcome or death. This narrative review of the current landscape of fetal red blood cell (RBC) antigen testing evaluates the history of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and how its discovery has continued to influence practices in the US today. We compare current US-based HDFN practice guidelines with those in Europe. We also provide transfusion medicine and hematology perspectives and recommendations addressing the limitations of US practice, particularly regarding paternal RBC antigen testing, and discuss the most valuable alternatives based on decades of data and evidence-based recommendations from Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Abels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian D Adkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Koraima Cedeno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Allen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Stephens
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Woo
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Cordier AG, Badr DA, Basurto D, Russo F, Deprest J, Orain E, Eixarch E, Otano J, Gratacos E, Moraes De Luna Freire Vargas A, Peralta CFA, Jani JC, Benachi A. Effect of cannula insertion site during fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia on preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:529-535. [PMID: 38051135 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the cannula insertion site on the maternal abdomen during fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was associated with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before balloon removal. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective study of consecutive pregnancies with isolated left- or right-sided CDH that underwent FETO in four centers between January 2009 and January 2021. The site for balloon insertion was categorized as above or below the umbilicus. One propensity score was analyzed in both groups to calculate an average treatment effect (ATE) by inverse probability of treatment weighting. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression including the ATE weights were performed to examine the effect size of entry point on the frequency and timing of PPROM before balloon removal. RESULTS A total of 294 patients were included. The mean ± SD gestational age at PPROM was 33.45 ± 2.01 weeks and the mean rate of PPROM before balloon removal was 25.9% (76/294). Gestational age at FETO was later in the below-umbilicus group (mean ± SD, 29.47 ± 1.29 weeks vs 29.00 ± 1.25 weeks; P = 0.002) and the duration of FETO was longer in the above-umbilicus group (median, 14.49 min (interquartile range (IQR), 8.00-21.00 min) vs 11.00 min (IQR, 7.00-14.49 min); P = 0.002). After balancing for possible confounding factors, trocar entry point below the umbilicus did not increase the risk of PPROM before balloon removal (adjusted odds ratio, 1.56 (95% CI, 0.89-2.74); P = 0.120) and had no effect on the timing of PPROM before balloon removal (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.56 (95% CI, 0.95-2.55); P = 0.080). CONCLUSION There was no evidence that uterine entry site for FETO was correlated with the risk of PPROM before balloon removal. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-G Cordier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Saclay University, APHP, Clamart, France
- Centre de Référence Maladie Rare, Hernie de Coupole Diaphragmatique, Clamart, France
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D A Badr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Basurto
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Russo
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Deprest
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Orain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Saclay University, APHP, Clamart, France
| | - E Eixarch
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Otano
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gratacos
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moraes De Luna Freire Vargas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, The Heart Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Gestar Fetal Medicine and Surgery Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C F A Peralta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, The Heart Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Gestar Fetal Medicine and Surgery Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Jani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Benachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Paris Saclay University, APHP, Clamart, France
- Centre de Référence Maladie Rare, Hernie de Coupole Diaphragmatique, Clamart, France
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Walker EYX, Winyard P, Marlais M. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: antenatal diagnosis, management and counselling of families. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1065-1075. [PMID: 37656310 PMCID: PMC10899401 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract are collectively one of the most commonly diagnosed antenatal conditions. Clinicians have several tools available to diagnose anomalies, including imaging, biomarkers, family history and genetic studies. In certain cases, antenatal interventions such as vesico-amniotic shunting may be considered to improve postnatal outcomes.Congenital kidney anomalies detected antenatally can vary in clinical significance from almost no impact postnatally to significant morbidity and perinatal mortality. Prognosis broadly depends on kidney size, structure and amount of amniotic fluid, alongside genetics and family history, and progression on subsequent scans. It is important to counsel parents appropriately using a parent-focused and personalised approach. The use of a multidisciplinary team should always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Y X Walker
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Paul Winyard
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK
| | - Matko Marlais
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK.
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7
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Yao L, Kan X, Xia Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Lu Y. Chromosome balanced translocation in newborn fetus founded during prenatal diagnosis: Three cases reports. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37345. [PMID: 38457559 PMCID: PMC10919530 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Because of the normal phenotype, carriers of specific chromosomal translocations are often diagnosed only after their development of associated malignancies, recurrent miscarriages, and reproductive difficulties. In this paper, we report primary balanced fetal chromosomal translocations by performing the necessary invasive prenatal diagnosis in couples with previous malformations coupled with prenatal testing suggesting a high risk for trisomy 21. PATIENT CONCERNS Case 1 and Case 2 couples had malformed children, and Case 3 couples had a high risk of trisomy 21 on noninvasive preconception serological testing. DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION A balanced chromosomal translocation diagnosis was confirmed by karyotyping of fetal cells obtained by amniocentesis. OUTCOMES All 3 couples decided to continue their pregnancies after learning about the consequences of the chromosomal abnormalities. Approximately a year after the children were born, the staff of the Prenatal Diagnostic Center followed up with a phone call and found that the children physical development and intelligence were normal. LESSON This case report reports healthy chromosomal balanced translocation newborns born to couples with poor maternal history and couples with abnormalities suggested by preconception testing, and followed up with the newborns to provide some experience in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for chromosomal balanced translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xun Kan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
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8
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Bellair M, Amaral E, Ouren M, Roark C, Kim J, O'Connor A, Soriano A, Schindler ML, Wapner RJ, Stone JL, Tavella N, Merriam A, Perley L, Breman AM, Beaudet AL. Noninvasive single-cell-based prenatal genetic testing: A proof of concept clinical study. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:304-316. [PMID: 38411249 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clinically assess a cell-based noninvasive prenatal genetic test using sequence-based copy number analysis of single trophoblasts from maternal blood. METHODS Blood was obtained from 401 (243 + 158) individuals (8-22 weeks) and shipped overnight. Red cells were lysed, and nucleated cells stained for cytokeratin (CK) and CD45 and enriched for positive CK staining. Automated scanning was used to identify and pick single CK+ /CD45- trophoblasts which were subjected to next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Blood was obtained from 243 pregnancies scheduled for CVS or amniocentesis. Luna results were normal for 160 singletons while 15 cases were abnormal (14 aneuploidy and one monozygotic twin with Williams syndrome deletion). The deletion was confirmed in both fetuses. Placental mosaicism occurred in 7 of 236 (3.0%) Luna cases and in 3 of 188 (1.6%) CVS cases (total 4.6%). No scorable trophoblasts were recovered in 32 of 236 usable samples. Additionally, 158 low-risk pregnancies not undergoing CVS/amniocentesis showed normal results in 133 cases. Seven had aneuploidy results, and there were three likely pathogenic deletions/duplications, including one15q11-q13 deletion. CONCLUSION Although the sample size is modest and statistically accurate measures of test performance are not possible, the Luna test detected aneuploidy and deletions/duplications based on concordance with CVS/amniocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald J Wapner
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joanne L Stone
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicola Tavella
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Lauren Perley
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy M Breman
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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9
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Ottaiano A, Ianniello M, Petrillo N, Santorsola M, De Falco L, Castaldi SG, Castaldi MA, Giudice V, Selleri C, Savarese G. Non-invasive prenatal testing can detect silent cancers in expecting mothers. Genes Dis 2024; 11:585-588. [PMID: 37692523 PMCID: PMC10491905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Unit of Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniello
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, Casalnuovo Di Napoli 80013, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, Casalnuovo Di Napoli 80013, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Unit of Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, Casalnuovo Di Napoli 80013, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Castaldi
- Specialization School of Clinical Pathology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Castaldi
- Unit of High-Risk Pregnancy and Prenatal Diagnosis, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona”, Via San Leonardo, Salerno 84125, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona”, Via San Leonardo, Salerno 84125, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Via Salvador Allende 43, Baronissi 84081, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona”, Via San Leonardo, Salerno 84125, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Via Salvador Allende 43, Baronissi 84081, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savarese
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale SRL, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, Casalnuovo Di Napoli 80013, Italy
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10
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Branch DW, Lim MY. How I diagnose and treat antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. Blood 2024; 143:757-768. [PMID: 38145574 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by arterial, venous, or microvascular thrombosis, pregnancy morbidities, or nonthrombotic manifestations in patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies bind cellular phospholipids and phospholipid-protein complexes resulting in cellular activation and inflammation that lead to the clinical features of APS. Our evolving understanding of APS has resulted in more specific classification criteria. Patients meeting these criteria should be treated during pregnancy according to current guidelines. Yet, despite treatment, those positive for lupus anticoagulant have at least a 30% likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Patients with recurrent early miscarriage or fetal death in the absence of preeclampsia or placental insufficiency may not meet current classification criteria for APS. Patients with only low titer anticardiolipin or anti-β(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies or immunoglobulin M isotype antibodies will not meet current classification criteria. In such cases, clinicians should implement management plans that balance potential risks and benefits, some of which involve emotional concerns surrounding the patient's reproductive future. Finally, APS may present in pregnancy or postpartum as a thrombotic microangiopathy, a life-threatening condition that may initially mimic preeclampsia with severe features but requires a very different treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ware Branch
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ming Y Lim
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
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Thompson WS, Babayev SN, McGowan ML, Kattah AG, Wick MJ, Bendel-Stenzel EM, Chebib FT, Harris PC, Dahl NK, Torres VE, Hanna C. State of the Science and Ethical Considerations for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Cystic Kidney Diseases and Ciliopathies. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:235-248. [PMID: 37882743 PMCID: PMC10843344 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a broad phenotypic spectrum of monogenic polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs). These disorders often involve cilia-related genes and lead to the development of fluid-filled cysts and eventual kidney function decline and failure. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic (PGT-M) disorders has moved into the clinical realm. It allows prospective parents to avoid passing on heritable diseases to their children, including monogenic PKD. The PGT-M process involves embryo generation through in vitro fertilization, with subsequent testing of embryos and selective transfer of those that do not harbor the specific disease-causing variant(s). There is a growing body of literature supporting the success of PGT-M for autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive PKD, although with important technical limitations in some cases. This technology can be applied to many other types of monogenic PKD and ciliopathies despite the lack of existing reports in the literature. PGT-M for monogenic PKD, like other forms of assisted reproductive technology, raises important ethical questions. When considering PGT-M for kidney diseases, as well as the potential to avoid disease in future generations, there are regulatory and ethical considerations. These include limited government regulation and unstandardized consent processes, potential technical errors, high cost and equity concerns, risks associated with pregnancy for mothers with kidney disease, and the impact on all involved in the process, including the children who were made possible with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Thompson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samir N. Babayev
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle L. McGowan
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrea G. Kattah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Myra J. Wick
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Fouad T. Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Neera K. Dahl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christian Hanna
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Xia Z, Zhou R, Xu Y, Li Y, Tan J, Luo C, Meng L, Huang M, Qiao F, Hu P, Mao P, Wu Y, Xu Z, Wang Y. Residual risk of clinically significant copy number variations in fetuses with nasal bone absence or hypoplasia after excluding non-invasive prenatal screening-detectable findings. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117744. [PMID: 38158003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains controversial whether prenatal screening or diagnostic testing should be offered to fetuses with nasal bone (NB) absence or hypoplasia, and there are no studies comparing the yield of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) to non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual risk of clinically significant copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses with NB absence or hypoplasia after excluding theoretically NIPS-detectable abnormalities, and to assess their clinical outcomes. METHODS This prospective study encompassed 400 fetuses with NB absence or hypoplasia undergoing CMA testing between 2015 and 2022. Clinically significant CMA findings were categorized into three subgroups, including three-NIPS-detectable (trisomies 21, 18 and 13), five-NIPS-detectable (trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and sex chromosome aneuploidies) and genome-wide NIPS-detectable (variants over 7 Mb). We calculated the theoretical residual risk and compared it with the results of a control cohort of low-risk pregnancies. We further evaluated their clinical outcomes. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield in our cohort was 7.8% (31/400). The detection rate of clinically significant CMA findings in fetuses with non-isolated NB absence or hypoplasia was significantly higher than that in fetuses with isolated NB absence or hypoplasia (20.0% vs. 6.6%, P =.005). The theoretical residual risks in all NIPS models were significantly higher when compared with the control cohort. The normal infant rate in fetuses with normal CMA results was 97.9% (323/330), and a significant higher incidence was observed in fetuses with isolated NB absence or hypoplasia compared with non-isolated NB absence or hypoplasia (98.4% vs. 91.7%, P =.028). CONCLUSIONS The residual risk of clinically significant CNVs in fetuses with NB absence or hypoplasia following the exclusion of theoretically NIPS-detectable findings was higher than that in low-risk pregnancies. This risk should be considered in genetic counseling to make a more comprehensive and precise choice regarding prenatal genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Xia
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiyun Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunyu Luo
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengchang Qiao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengyuan Mao
- Department of Public Health, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Kong L, Li S, Zhao Z, Feng J, Fu X, Li H, Zhu J, Wang Y, Tang W, Yuan C, Li F, Han X, Wu D, Kong X, Sun L. Exploring factors impacting haplotype-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for single-gene recessive disorders. Clin Genet 2024; 105:52-61. [PMID: 37822034 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Haplotype-based noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is applicable for various recessive single-gene disorders in proband families. However, a comprehensive exploration of critical factors influencing the assay performance, such as fetal fraction, informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) count, and recombination events, has yet to be performed. It is critical to identify key factors affecting NIPD performance, including its accuracy and success rate, and their impact on clinical diagnostics to guide clinical practice. We conducted a prospective study, recruiting 219 proband families with singleton pregnancies at risk for eight recessive single-gene disorders (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, phenylketonuria, methylmalonic acidemia, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, non-syndromic hearing loss, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia) at 7-14 weeks of gestation. Haplotype-based NIPD was performed by evaluating the relative haplotype dosage (RHDO) in maternal circulation, and the results were validated via invasive prenatal diagnosis or newborn follow-ups. Among the 219 families, the median gestational age at first blood draw was 8+5 weeks. Initial testing succeeded for 190 families and failed for 29 due to low fetal fraction (16), insufficient informative SNPs (9), and homologous recombination near pathogenic variation (4). Among low fetal fraction families, successful testing was achieved for 11 cases after a redraw, while 5 remained inconclusive. Test failures linked to insufficient informative SNPs correlated with linkage disequilibrium near the genes, with F8 and MMUT exhibiting the highest associated failure rates (14.3% and 25%, respectively). Homologous recombination was relatively frequent around the DMD and SMN1 genes (8.8% and 4.8%, respectively) but led to detection failure in only 44.4% (4/9) of such cases. All NIPD results from the 201 successful families were consistent with invasive diagnostic findings or newborn follow-up. Fetal fraction, informative SNPs count, and homologous recombination are pivotal to NIPD performance. Redrawing blood effectively improves the success rate for low fetal fraction samples. However, informative SNPs count and homologous recombination rates vary significantly across genes, necessitating careful consideration in clinical practice. We have designed an in silico method based on linkage disequilibrium data to predict the number of informative SNPs. This can identify genomic regions where there might be an insufficient number of SNPs, thereby guiding panel design. With these factors properly accounted for, NIPD is highly accurate and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Kong
- Department of Fetal Medicine & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanyun Li
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Zhu
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Tang
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Han
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Di Wu
- Celula (China) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luming Sun
- Department of Fetal Medicine & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lv Y, Wang Z, Yuan L, Cheng F, Wu H, Wang Z, Yang T, Chen Y. A cost-effectiveness analysis of pre-pregnancy genetic screening for deafness: an empirical study in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1081339. [PMID: 38131025 PMCID: PMC10733504 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pre-pregnancy deafness screening policies. Methods Married couples from Shanghai, Beijing, and Suzhou in China were enrolled. We conducted high-throughput, pre-pregnancy genetic screenings for deafness in women and their partners. We compared the cost-effectiveness of deafness genetic screening with the status quo. The two-step screening (wife then partner) and following treatments and interventions were included in the decision tree model. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the decrease in deaf newborns, healthy newborn births, and cost-utility analysis of pre-pregnancy deafness genetic screening separately. Cost, utility, and probability data used in the three models were collected from a survey combined with literature and expert consultants. A 5% discount rate and a series of one-way sensitivity analyses along with a Monte Carlo simulation were used to test the reliability of this research. Results Between Jan 1, 2019, and Dec 31, 2021, we recruited 6,200 females and 540 male spouses from community health service centers in Shanghai, Beijing, and Suzhou. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for reducing deaf newborn births was USD 32,656 per case and USD 1,203,926 per case for increasing one healthy newborn birth. This gap exists because of the overall decrease of newborn births. From the perspective of the whole society, deafness genetic screening is not cost-effective for reducing the overall quality-adjusted life years (QALY) in the population. Discussion Pre-pregnancy genetic testing is effective in decreasing the occurrence of congenital deafness. It is a cost-saving measure when compared with the costs of future medical expenditure and income loss for the affected families. However, such screening and preventive avoidance of pregnancy will decrease the population size and QALY. Only post-screening ART with PGT was shown to increase the birth of healthy newborns. Focusing on key groups such as premature births or consanguineous couples may improve the societal effects of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Lv
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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15
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Sagi-Dain L, Salzer Sheelo L, Brabbing-Goldstein D, Matar R, Kahana S, Agmon-Fishman I, Klein C, Gurevitch M, Basel-Salmon L, Maya I. Prevalence of high-penetrant copy number variants in 7734 low-risk pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101201. [PMID: 37871696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of clinically significant copy number variants in chromosomal microarray analysis in low-risk pregnancies is approximately 1%. However, these results include copy number variants with low and variable penetrance, although some patients might be interested only in the detection of high-penetrant variants. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of high-penetrant copy number variants in a large cohort of low-risk pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study was performed using microarray results of pregnancies with normal ultrasound and maternal serum screening. All clinically significant (pathogenic and likely pathogenic) copy number variants were recorded. Of these, only high-penetrant findings were selected. Findings with low and medium penetrance and copy number variants with unknown clinical penetrance, including uniparental disomy of segments not related to known imprinted syndromes, mosaic aneuploidy of <50%, and segmental mosaicism, were excluded. The calculation was performed for the overall cohort, for women aged >35 years and women aged <35 years, and after omission of noninvasive prenatal screening theoretically detectable findings (trisomies 13, 18, and 21). RESULTS Clinically significant copy number variants were detected in 118 of 7734 cases (1.50% or 1:65), and high-penetrant copy number variants were detected in 33 of 7734 cases (0.43% or 1:234). In women aged ≥35 years, the rates of high-penetrant copy number variants were 29 of 5734 cases (0.51% or 1:198) and 4 of 2000 cases (0.20% or 1:500) in women aged <35 years (P=.0747). Following the omission of 12 theoretically noninvasive prenatal screening-detectable findings, the rates of high-penetrant copy number variants declined to 21 of 7722 cases (0.27% or 1:368) in the whole cohort-18 of 5723 cases (0.31% or 1:318) in woman aged ≥35 years and 3 of 1999 cases (0.15% or 1:666) in younger women (P=.319). CONCLUSION The risk of high-penetrant copy number variants in low-risk pregnancies exceeds the risk of miscarriage after invasive testing, even after normal noninvasive prenatal screening results. These results are of importance to genetic counselors and obstetricians, to facilitate maternal informed decision-making when considering invasive prenatal testing in low-risk pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sagi-Dain
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (XX Sagi-Dain).
| | - Liat Salzer Sheelo
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Dana Brabbing-Goldstein
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Reut Matar
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Sarit Kahana
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Ifaat Agmon-Fishman
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Cochava Klein
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Merav Gurevitch
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya)
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (XX Basel-Salmon and XX Maya); Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel (XX Basel-Salmon); Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel (XX Basel-Salmon)
| | - Idit Maya
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel (XX Sheelo, XX Brabbing-Goldstein, XX Matar, XX Kahana, XX Agmon-Fishman, XX Klein, XX Gurevitch, XX Basel-Salmon, and XX Maya); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (XX Basel-Salmon and XX Maya)
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16
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Schneider MO, Faschingbauer F, Kagan KO, Groß U, Enders M, Kehl S. Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pregnancy - Recommendations of the Working Group on Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine (AGG - Section on Maternal Disorders). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:1431-1445. [PMID: 38046526 PMCID: PMC10689109 DOI: 10.1055/a-2111-7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The AGG (Working Group for Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Section Maternal Diseases) has issued these recommendations to improve the detection and management of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy. Methods Members of the Task Force developed the recommendations and statements presented here using recently published literature. The recommendations were adopted after a consensus process by members of the working group. Recommendations This article focuses on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy and includes recommendations for maternal and fetal diagnosis, transmission prophylaxis, therapy, prevention, screening, and peripartum management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oliver Schneider
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Faschingbauer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department for Womenʼs Health, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Enders
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders and Colleagues, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Kehl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Hughes AE, Houghton JAL, Bunce B, Chakera AJ, Spyer G, Shepherd MH, Flanagan SE, Hattersley AT. Bringing precision medicine to the management of pregnancy in women with glucokinase-MODY: a study of diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-invasive prenatal testing. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1997-2006. [PMID: 37653058 PMCID: PMC10542291 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In pregnancies where the mother has glucokinase-MODY (GCK-MODY), fetal growth is determined by fetal genotype. When the fetus inherits a maternal pathogenic GCK variant, normal fetal growth is anticipated, and insulin treatment of maternal hyperglycaemia is not recommended. At present, fetal genotype is estimated from measurement of fetal abdominal circumference on ultrasound. Non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal GCK genotype (NIPT-GCK) using cell-free DNA in maternal blood has recently been developed. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of NIPT-GCK with that of ultrasound, and determine the feasibility of using NIPT-GCK to guide pregnancy management. METHODS We studied an international cohort of pregnant women with hyperglycaemia due to GCK-MODY. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of NIPT-GCK with that of measurement of fetal abdominal circumference at 28 weeks' gestation (n=38) using a directly genotyped offspring sample as the reference standard. In a feasibility study, we assessed the time to result given to clinicians in 43 consecutive pregnancies affected by GCK-MODY between July 2019 and September 2021. RESULTS In terms of diagnostic accuracy, NIPT-GCK was more sensitive and specific than ultrasound in predicting fetal genotype (sensitivity 100% and specificity 96% for NIPT-GCK vs sensitivity 53% and specificity 61% for fetal abdominal circumference 75th percentile). In terms of feasibility, a valid NIPT-GCK fetal genotype (≥95% probability) was reported in all 38 pregnancies with an amenable variant and repeated samples when needed. The median time to report was 5 weeks (IQR 3-8 weeks). For the 25 samples received before 20 weeks' gestation, results were reported at a median gestational age of 20 weeks (IQR 18-24), with 23/25 (92%) reported before 28 weeks. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal genotype in GCK-MODY pregnancies is highly accurate and is capable of providing a result before the last trimester for most patients. This means that non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal genotype is the optimal approach to management of GCK-MODY pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Hughes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Jayne A L Houghton
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Bunce
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Ali J Chakera
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Gill Spyer
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Torbay Hospital, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, UK
| | - Maggie H Shepherd
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
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Carter SWD, Neubronner S, Su LL, Dashraath P, Mattar C, Illanes SE, Choolani MA, Kemp MW. Chorioamnionitis: An Update on Diagnostic Evaluation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2922. [PMID: 38001923 PMCID: PMC10669668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis remains a major cause of preterm birth and maternal and neonatal morbidity. We reviewed the current evidence for the diagnostic tests of chorioamnionitis and how this relates to clinical practice today. A comprehensive literature search and review was conducted on chorioamnionitis and intra-uterine inflammation. Data from randomized control trials and systematic reviews were prioritized. This review highlights that sterile inflammation plays an important role in chorioamnionitis and that the current tests for chorioamnionitis including clinical criteria, maternal plasma and vaginal biomarkers lack diagnostic accuracy. Concerningly, these tests often rely on detecting an inflammatory response after damage has occurred to the fetus. Care should be taken when interpreting current investigations for the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis and how they guide obstetric/neonatal management. There is an urgent need for further validation of current diagnostic tests and the development of novel, accurate, minimally invasive tests that detect subclinical intra-uterine inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W D Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Samantha Neubronner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lin Lin Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Pradip Dashraath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Citra Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sebastián E Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Reproductive Biology Program, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 111711, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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19
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Montaguti E, Diglio J, Petrachi B, Arosio V, Fiorentini M, Cavalera M, Pellegrino A, Amodeo S, Lenzi J, Pilu G. Identification of Fetuses at Increased Risk of Trisomies in the First Trimester Using Axial Planes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2023; 51:1-6. [PMID: 37778343 DOI: 10.1159/000533879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) is crucial for assessing risk of aneuploidies in the first trimester. We investigate the ability of NT assessed by a transverse view of the fetal head to detect fetuses at increased risk of common aneuploidies at 11-13 weeks of gestation. METHODS We enrolled a nonconsecutive series of women who attended our outpatient clinic from January 2020 to April 2021 for aneuploidy screening by means of a first trimester combined test. All women were examined by operators certified by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. In each patient, NT measurements were obtained both from the median sagittal view and transverse view. We calculated the risk of aneuploidy using NT measurements obtained both with sagittal and axial scans, and then we compared the results. RESULTS A total of 1,023 women were enrolled. An excellent correlation was found between sagittal and transverse NT measurements. The sensitivity and specificity of the axial scan to identify fetuses that were deemed at risk of trisomy 21 using standard sagittal scans were 40/40 = 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.2-100.0) and 977/983 = 99.4% (95% CI: 98.7-99.7), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the axial scan to identify fetuses at risk of trisomy 13 or 18 were 16/16 = 100.0% (95% CI: 80.6-100.0) and 1,005/1,007 = 99.8% (95% CI: 99.3-99.9). CONCLUSIONS When the sonogram, a part of combined test screening, is performed by an expert sonologist, axial views can reliably identify fetuses at increased risk of trisomies without an increase in false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montaguti
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Josefina Diglio
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Petrachi
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Arosio
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Fiorentini
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cavalera
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Pellegrino
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Amodeo
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pilu
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Nassr AA, Hessami K, D'Alberti E, Giancotti A, Meshinchiasl N, Evans MI, Di Mascio D, Shamshirsaz AA. Obstetrical outcomes following amniocentesis performed after 24 weeks of gestation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1425-1432. [PMID: 37684739 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate obstetrical outcomes for women having late amniocentesis (on or after 24 weeks). Electronic databases were searched from inception to January 1st, 2023. The obstetrical outcomes evaluated were gestational age at delivery, preterm birth (PTB) < 37 weeks, PTB within 1 week from amniocentesis, premature prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM), chorionamnionitis, placental abruption, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and termination of pregnancy (TOP). The incidence of PTB <37 weeks was 4.85% (95% CI 3.48-6.56), while the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.42% (95% CI 0.66-2.45). The rate of pPROM was 2.85% (95% CI 1.21-3.32). The incidence of placental abruption was 0.91% (95% CI 0.16-2.25), while the rate of IUFD was 3.66% (95% CI 0.00-14.04). The rate of women who underwent TOP was 6.37% (95%CI 1.05-15.72). When comparing amniocentesis performed before or after 32 weeks, the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.48% (95% CI 0.42-3.19) and 2.38% (95% CI 0.40-5.95). Amniocentesis performed late after 24 weeks of gestation is an acceptable option for patients needing prenatal diagnosis in later gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Maternal Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena D'Alberti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mark I Evans
- Comprehensive Genetics, PLLC, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniele Di Mascio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alireza A Shamshirsaz
- Maternal Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Verebi C, Gravrand V, Pacault M, Audrezet MP, Couque N, Vincent MC, Leturcq F, Tsatsaris V, Bienvenu T, Nectoux J. [Towards a generalization of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of single-gene disorders? Assesment and outlook]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2023; 51:463-470. [PMID: 37517661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The screening of fetal aneuploidies and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases (NIPD-MD) both rely on the study of free fetal DNA in maternal circulation, but their respective rise was unequal. Development of NIPD-MD has taken longer as it represents a less attractive commercial dynamic for industry, but also because it usually involves the development of tailored tests specific to each pathogenic variant. METHODS We have carried out a review of the literature on the various indications and technologies involved in the use of NIPD-MM. We present its current implementation and its development in France. RESULTS To date, NIPD-MD has been routinely offered in France for several years by the laboratories of the French NIPD-MD network but remains mostly limited to the exclusion of paternal or de novo variants, the exclusion DPNI-MD. Indeed, it is still difficult to study the transmission of maternal variants from circulating free DNA analysis, due to its biological complexity: coexistence and predominance of similar DNA sequences of maternal origin. Different strategies, either direct or indirect, are being evaluated to establish fetal status regardless of the parental origin of the disease or its transmission mode. The emergence of commercial screening solutions for monogenic diseases complements the arsenal of prenatal exploration tools for these diseases. CONCLUSION The multitude of existing technologies and protocols may complicate the information provided during antenatal consultations, but mastery of know-how and knowledge of ethical issues of NIPD-MD will ensure optimal service and better management of pregnancies at risk of transmitting monogenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Verebi
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies de système et d'organe, Fédération de génétique et de médecine génomique, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Inserm UMR1266, « Genetic vulnerability to addictive and psychiatric disorders » team, Paris, France
| | - Victor Gravrand
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies de système et d'organe, Fédération de génétique et de médecine génomique, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Pacault
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et d'histocompatibilité, centre hospitalier régional universitaire, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Audrezet
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et d'histocompatibilité, centre hospitalier régional universitaire, Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Couque
- Service de génétique, AP-HP, hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Vincent
- Génétique moléculaire et cytogénomique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - France Leturcq
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies de système et d'organe, Fédération de génétique et de médecine génomique, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Gynécologie-obstétrique, Maternité Port-Royal, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies de système et d'organe, Fédération de génétique et de médecine génomique, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Inserm UMR1266, « Genetic vulnerability to addictive and psychiatric disorders » team, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies de système et d'organe, Fédération de génétique et de médecine génomique, AP-HP centre, université Paris Cité, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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22
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Jeppesen LD, Hatt L, Singh R, Schelde P, Ravn K, Toft CL, Laursen MB, Hedegaard J, Christensen IB, Nicolaisen BH, Andreasen L, Pedersen LH, Vogel I, Lildballe DL. Clinical interpretation of cell-based non-invasive prenatal testing for monogenic disorders including repeat expansion disorders: potentials and pitfalls. Front Genet 2023; 14:1188472. [PMID: 37829280 PMCID: PMC10565008 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1188472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating fetal cells isolated from maternal blood can be used for prenatal testing, representing a safe alternative to invasive testing. The present study investigated the potential of cell-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for diagnosing monogenic disorders dependent on the mode of inheritance. Methods: Maternal blood samples were collected from women opting for prenatal diagnostics for specific monogenic disorders (N = 7). Fetal trophoblasts were enriched and stained using magnetic activated cell sorting and isolated by fluorescens activated single-cell sorting. Individual cells were subject to whole genome amplification, and cells of fetal origin were identified by DNA-profiling using short tandem repeat markers. The amplified fetal DNA was input for genetic testing for autosomal dominant-, autosomal recessive-, X-linked and repeat expansion disorders by direct variant analysis and haplotyping. The cell-based NIPT results were compared with those of invasive testing. Results: In two cases at risk of skeletal dysplasia, caused by variants in the FGFR3 gene (autosomal dominant disorders), cell-based NIPT correctly stated an affected fetus, but allelic dropout of the normal alleles were observed in both cases. Cell-based NIPT gave an accurate result in two cases at risk of autosomal recessive disorders, where the parents carried either different diastrophic dysplasia causing variants in the SLC26A2 gene or the same cystic fibrosis disease-causing variant in the CFTR gene. Cell-based NIPT accurately identified an affected male fetus in a pregnancy at risk of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD gene, X-linked recessive disorders). In two cases at risk of the myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DMPK gene, repeat expansion disorder), cell-based NIPT correctly detected an affected and an unaffected fetus, respectively. Discussion: Circulating fetal cells can be used to detect both maternally- and paternally inherited monogenic disorders irrespective of the type of variant, however, the risk of allelic dropout must be considered. We conclude that the clinical interpretation of the cell-based NIPT result thus varies depending on the disorders' mode of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Dahl Jeppesen
- ARCEDI Biotech, Vejle, Denmark
- Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Liebst Toft
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Preimplantation Genetic Testing, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Lotte Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Launholt Lildballe
- Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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D'Alberti E, Brunelli R, D'Ambrosio V, Galoppi P, Santoro C, Giancotti A. Severe maternal thrombocytopenia and prenatal invasive procedures: still a grey zone. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:861-864. [PMID: 37067781 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Management of severe thrombocytopenia, particularly of ITP, in pregnancy is mainly based on expert consensus and clinical experience while there are no clear indications about the minimum platelet count requested for prenatal diagnosis invasive procedures. Since the lack of specific recommendations we reported our clinical management of a patient suffering from severe thrombocytopenia, undergoing amniocentesis. Due to the anecdotic possibility of maternal and fetal bleeding in case of severe thrombocytopenia, prophylaxis with IVIG or even corticosteroids could be considered as a safer strategy to prevent post-procedural adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D'Alberti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Brunelli
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Ambrosio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Galoppi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Santoro
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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24
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Wei R, Li J, Xia Y, Wang C, Lu X, Fang Y, Zhu J. Application of non-invasive prenatal testing to 91,280 spontaneous pregnancies and 3477 pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 37726793 PMCID: PMC10507956 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical studies based on spontaneous pregnancies (SPs) have demonstrated the superiority of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), and the question of whether this technology is suitable for offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology has attracted attention. This study aimed to evaluate the application value of NIPT in screening for trisomy (T)21, T18, T13 and sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) in pregnant women who conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). RESULTS In total, there were 804 high-risk cases [0.88% (804/91280), singleton = 795, twin = 9] in the SP group. Among the 558 invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) cases (singleton = 556, twin = 2), 343 (singleton = 342, twin = 1) were true positive, including 213 cases of T21, 28 of T18, 5 of T13 and 97 (singleton = 96, twin = 1) of SCA. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of T21, T18, T13, SCA and T21/T18/T13 combined in singleton pregnancy were 89.12% (213/239), 51.85% (28/54), 21.74% (5/23), 40.00% (96/240), and 77.85% (246/316), respectively, and the PPV of SCA in twin pregnancy was 100.00%. In the IVF group, IPD was performed in 19 (singleton = 16, twin = 3) of the 27 high-risk cases [0.78% (27/3477), singleton = 16, twin = 3], of which 9 (singleton = 8, twin = 1) were true positive, including 5 cases (singleton = 4, twin = 1) of T21 and 4 of SCA. The PPVs of singleton T21, SCA and T21/T18/T13 combined were 66.67% (4/6), 50.00% (4/8) and 57.14% (4/7), respectively, and the PPV of twin T21 was 100.00% (1/1). There were no significant differences in PPV among T21, SCA and T21/T18/T13 combined in singletons between the groups (89.12% vs. 66.67%, p = 0.09; 40.00% vs. 50.00%, p = 0.57; 77.85% vs. 57.14%, p = 0.20). The sensitivity and specificity were higher for singleton and twin pregnancies in the two groups. Based on follow-up results, 1 case of false negative T21 was found in the singleton SP group. Additionally, the mean foetal fraction (FF) of the IVF group was lower than that of the SP group (11.23% vs. 10.51%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION NIPT has high sensitivity and specificity in screening chromosomal aneuploidies in both IVF pregnancy and spontaneous pregnancy, so it is an ideal screening method for IVF pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wei
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingran Li
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohong Wang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinran Lu
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Fang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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25
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Okoror CEM, Arora S. Prenatal diagnosis after high chance non-invasive prenatal testing for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis? - Experience at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2023; 19:100211. [PMID: 37456970 PMCID: PMC10345242 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) analyses cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from the placental tissue in the maternal circulation. Though highly sensitive and specific, a major limitation is in cases of confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Whether to perform chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis to confirm a positive NIPT result is controversial. One major drawback of CVS is that cytogenetic diagnosis may not always reflect the true chromosomal make-up of the fetus. This work, therefore, proposes the use of amniocentesis in the presence of normal ultrasound findings, and the option of either CVS or amniocentesis when there are abnormal USS findings.
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26
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Faldynová L, Walczysková S, Černá D, Kudrejová M, Hilscherová Š, Kaniová R, Širůčková S. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): Combination of copy number variant and gene analyses using an "in-house" target enrichment next generation sequencing-Solution for non-centralized NIPT laboratory? Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1320-1332. [PMID: 37602788 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have integrated copy number variant (CNV) and gene analysis using target enrichment. Here, we transferred this concept to our routine genetics laboratory, which is not linked to centralized non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) facilities. METHOD From a cohort of 100 pregnant women, 22 were selected for the analysis of maternal genomic DNA (gDNA) along with fetal cell-free DNA. Using targeted enrichment, 135 genes were analyzed, combined with aberrations of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. The data were subjected to specificity and sensitivity analyses, and correlated with the results from invasive testing methods. RESULTS The sensitivity/specificity was determined for the CNV analysis of chromosomes: 21 (80%/75%), 18 (-/82%), 13 (100%/67%), and Y (100%/100%). The gene detection was valid for maternal gDNA. However, for cell-free fetal DNA, it was not possible to determine the boundary between an artifact and a real sequence variant. CONCLUSION The target enrichment method combining CNV and gene detection seems feasible in a regular laboratory. However, this method can only be responsibly optimized with a sufficient number of controls and further validation on a strong bioinformatic background. The present results showed that NIPT should be performed in specialized centers, and that its introduction to isolated laboratories may not provide valid data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Faldynová
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sylwia Walczysková
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Černá
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kudrejová
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Hilscherová
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Kaniová
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Širůčková
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Forde B, Oria M, Lampe K, Martin S, Peiro JL. Creation of a novel synthetic amniotic fluid for use in fetal therapy with in vitro testing on human amniotic membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101055. [PMID: 37328032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal saline or lactated Ringer's solutions are usually infused at the time of fetal interventions; however, the effect of these fluids on the amniotic membranes has never been assessed. Given both the significant differences between the composition of normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, and amniotic fluid and the significant risk of prematurity after fetal interventions, an investigation is warranted. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of current amnioinfusion fluids on the human amnion compared with a novel synthetic amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN Amniotic epithelial cells from term placentas were isolated and cultured per protocol. A synthetic amniotic fluid was created with similar electrolyte, pH, albumin, and glucose concentrations to human amniotic fluid, termed "Amnio-well." The cultured human amniotic epithelium was exposed to normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, and Amnio-well. As a control, 1 group of cells remained in culture media. Cells were evaluated for apoptosis and necrosis. A second analysis to examine if cells could be "rescued" was performed, wherein the cells were allowed to remain in the culture media for an additional 48 hours after amnioinfusion. Subsequently, tissue testing with human amniotic membrane explants was evaluated similarly. Immunofluorescent intensity studies were undertaken to evaluate reactive oxygen species-mediated cell damage. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate gene expression in apoptotic pathways. RESULTS With simulated amnioinfusion, 44%, 52%, and 89% of amniotic epithelial cells were alive after exposure to normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, and Amnio-well, respectively, compared with 85% in control (P<.001). After amnioinfusion and attempted cell rescue, 21%, 44%, 94%, and 88% of cells were alive after exposure to normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, Amnio-well, and control, respectively (P<.001). In simulated amnioinfusion with full-thickness tissue explants, 68%, 80%, 93%, and 96% of cells were viable in normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, Amnio-well, and control, respectively (P<.001). In culture, reactive oxygen species production was higher in normal saline solution, lactated Ringer's solution, and Amnio-well than in control (4.9-, 6.6-, and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, P<.001); however, this could be mitigated in Amnio-well by adding ulin-A-statin and ascorbic acid. Gene expression data revealed abnormal signaling in the p21 and BCL2/BAX pathways with normal saline solution compared with control (P=.006 and P=.041); changes were not seen with Amnio-well. CONCLUSION In vitro, normal saline and lactated Ringer's solutions caused increased amniotic membrane reactive oxygen species and cell death. The use of a novel fluid similar to human amniotic fluid led to the normalization of cellular signaling and less cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton Forde
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Dr Forde); Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde and Oria, Ms Lampe, Mr Martin, and Dr Peiro); University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde, Oria, and Peiro).
| | - Marc Oria
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde and Oria, Ms Lampe, Mr Martin, and Dr Peiro); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Oria and Peiro); University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde, Oria, and Peiro)
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde and Oria, Ms Lampe, Mr Martin, and Dr Peiro)
| | - Samuel Martin
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde and Oria, Ms Lampe, Mr Martin, and Dr Peiro)
| | - Jose L Peiro
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde and Oria, Ms Lampe, Mr Martin, and Dr Peiro); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Oria and Peiro); University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, OH (Drs Forde, Oria, and Peiro)
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Maktabi MA, Vossaert L, Van den Veyver IB. Cell-based Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (cbNIPT)-A Review on the Current Developments and Future Prospects. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 66:636-648. [PMID: 37650673 PMCID: PMC10491429 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Considering the diagnostic limitations of cfDNA-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), scientists have long been interested in isolating and analyzing rare intact fetal and trophoblast cells from maternal blood or endocervical samples to diagnose fetal genetic conditions. These cells may be scarce and difficult to isolate, but they are a direct source of pure fetal genetic material. In this review, we summarize the history of cell-based NIPT, present an updated review on its current developments, evaluate its genetic diagnostic potential, and discuss its future prospects for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liesbeth Vossaert
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Sharma A, Kaul A. Late amniocentesis: better late than never? A single referral centre experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:463-470. [PMID: 35939110 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several congenital abnormalities present late in pregnancy necessitating invasive testing to rule out genetic/infectious causes at late gestation. Not many studies have described the indications/safety of a late gestation amniocentesis. METHODS All records of amniocentesis performed beyond 24 weeks were reviewed and evaluated for indications, positive yield and complications. RESULTS About 187 women had an amniocentesis after 24 weeks for various indications with CNS abnormalities being the commonest. The total yield of positive findings was 14.60% (22/150; excluding 2 VOUS). CNS, multiple system involvement and skeletal system anormalities yielded maximum results. About 32.05% abnormalities could have potentially been detected at the time of a routine anomaly scan. Amongst all the deliveries, 2.1% delivered spontaneously within a week of the procedure and about 5.4% delivered spontaneously within a month of the procedure. CONCLUSION The study emphasises the need for additional accreditation (FMF, ISUOG) of sonographers to ensure the detection of anomalies at the routine 18-20 weeks scan. Inspite of a normal mid-trimester scan, central nervous system and gastrointestinal abnormalities presented more commonly after 24 weeks. The high positive yield in our study highlights the importance of testing even in late pregnancy beyond the legal age of termination. The test could clearly stratify the pregnancies with a poor outcome whilst reassuring the others. The procedure itself did not lead to a neonatal death due to prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Sharma
- Apollo Centre for Fetal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anita Kaul
- Apollo Centre for Fetal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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Tan P, Li D, Chang L, Shi J, Han Y, Zhang R, Li J. Evaluation of noninvasive prenatal screening for copy number variations among screening laboratories. Clin Biochem 2023; 118:110617. [PMID: 37507082 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current situation of expanded noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for copy number variations (CNVs) in laboratories in China, the National Center of Clinical Laboratories conducted an externalqualityassessment (EQA) program. METHODS The EQA panel consisted of 12 artificial samples associated with different syndromes, which were mixed with maternal plasma collected from pregnant women and enzyme-digested cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cell lines with different fetal fractions (FFs) ranging from 5% to 15%. The panel was validated by next-generation sequencing and distributed to laboratories, along with questionnaires and case scenarios. RESULTS Sixty-nine laboratories participated in the EQA program, and 91.30% (63/69) of laboratories correctly identified all samples. A total of 7.25% (5/69) of the laboratories reported false-negative results, and 2.90% (2/69) of the laboratories reported unexpected CNVs. The correct rates of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome, 1p36 deletion syndrome and Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome samples were 97.46%, 98.55%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. With the increase in the FF, deletion size, and read depth, the detection rate increased. For results reports, only five laboratories reported FF values, one laboratory reported the CNV classification type, and none reported sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. CONCLUSION The detection capabilities of NIPS for CNVs still need to be improved and standardized, and FF, deletion size, and read depth are factors that affect the detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, P. R. China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.
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Yoshida S, Kreger AM, Gittes GK. Intra-amniotic sildenafil treatment improves lung blood flow and pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia rats. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1195623. [PMID: 37545896 PMCID: PMC10399963 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1195623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a critical factor in determining prognosis. We propose that intra-amniotic sildenafil administration is an effective prenatal therapy for CDH-induced pulmonary hypertension. To assess the efficacy of this treatment, we administered sildenafil to nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia fetuses and control fetuses via an intra-amniotic injection after a laparotomy on the pregnant dam at either E13.5 or E15.5. Intra-amniotic sildenafil treatment attenuated peripheral vascular muscularization, enhanced pulmonary blood flow, and increased the ratio of pulmonary artery size to aortic size in congenital diaphragmatic hernia fetuses after both E13.5 and E15.5 treatments. E13.5-treated congenital diaphragmatic hernia fetuses showed a higher and more prolonged expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase and more production of vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in a significant improvement in lung architecture. The E13.5-treated congenital diaphragmatic hernia fetuses also had an increase in lung weight-to-body weight ratio and an improved fetal survival. Intra-amniotic sildenafil treatment did not show any detectable negative effects in control fetuses. Intra-amniotic sildenafil treatment for rats attenuates CDH-induced pulmonary hypertension and enhanced peripheral pulmonary blood flow. Moreover, early intervention may be preferable to better accelerate lung development and improve prognosis. Direct sildenafil administration via an intra-amniotic injection may be a promising option in congenital diaphragmatic hernia prenatal therapy.
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Soster E, Tynan J, Gibbons C, Meschino W, Wardrop J, Almasri E, Schwartz S, McLennan G. Laboratory performance of genome-wide cfDNA for copy number variants as compared to prenatal microarray. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:10. [PMID: 37301962 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) allows for screening of fetal aneuploidy and copy number variants (CNVs) from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. Professional societies have not yet embraced NIPT for fetal CNVs, citing a need for additional performance data. A clinically available genome-wide cfDNA test screens for fetal aneuploidy and CNVs larger than 7 megabases (Mb). RESULTS This study reviews 701 pregnancies with "high risk" indications for fetal aneuploidy which underwent both genome-wide cfDNA and prenatal microarray. For aneuploidies and CNVs considered 'in-scope' for the cfDNA test (CNVs ≥ 7 Mb and select microdeletions), sensitivity and specificity was 93.8% and 97.3% respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 63.8% and 99.7% as compared to microarray. When including 'out-of-scope' CNVs on array as false negatives, the sensitivity of cfDNA falls to 48.3%. If only pathogenic out-of-scope CNVs are treated as false negatives, the sensitivity is 63.8%. Of the out-of-scope CNVs identified by array smaller than 7 Mb, 50% were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), with an overall VUS rate in the study of 2.29%. CONCLUSIONS While microarray provides the most robust assessment of fetal CNVs, this study suggests that genome-wide cfDNA can reliably screen for large CNVs in a high-risk cohort. Informed consent and adequate pretest counseling are essential to ensuring patients understand the benefits and limitations of all prenatal testing and screening options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Tynan
- Labcorp®, La Jolla, CA, USA
- PetDx, The Center for Novel Therapeutics, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clare Gibbons
- Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Meschino
- Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bet BB, Wielart L, Ravelli ACJ, van Wely M, van Leeuwen E, Pajkrt E. Financial contribution as reason to opt out of non-invasive prenatal testing. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 287:130-136. [PMID: 37311275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First trimester non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) provides pregnant women with a reliable, non-invasive method to screen for fetal aneuploidies. In the Netherlands, there is a nationwide prenatal screening program in which pregnant women and their partners are counseled about their options around 10 weeks of pregnancy. The first trimester and second trimester scan are fully reimbursed but the NIPT has an own financial contribution of €175 per participant, irrespective of type of insurance. The arguments for this own contribution are fear of uncritical use of NIPT or routinization. NIPT has a relatively stable uptake of 51%, against over 95% for second trimester anomaly scan. We aimed to explore the effect of this financial contribution on the decision to opt out of NIPT. STUDY DESIGN We performed a survey among 350 pregnant women undergoing a second trimester anomaly scan in our center, Amsterdam UMC, between January 2021 and April 2022. All pregnant women who declined NIPT in the first trimester, were asked to participate and answered 11-13 questions about the decision-making process, the reasons to opt out and the financial contribution. RESULTS Information about NIPT was desired in 92% of women and 96% felt sufficiently informed. Most women took the decision not to perform NIPT with their partner and did not experience difficulties in taking this decision. The most important reason to decline NIPT was: "Every child is welcome" (69%). "The test was too expensive" was answered in 12% and was significantly correlated with lower maternal age. Additionally, one in five women (19%) said they would have done NIPT if it had been for free, which was significantly higher in younger women. CONCLUSIONS The own financial contribution plays a role in the decision-making to decline NIPT and partly explains the low uptake in the Netherlands. This suggests that there is no equal access to fetal aneuploidy screening. To overcome this inequality, this own contribution should be abandoned. We speculate that this will have a positive effect on the uptake, which will increase to at least 70% and potentially 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo B Bet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lot Wielart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita C J Ravelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Pajkrt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Baldus M. "Overestimated technology - underestimated consequences" - reflections on risks, ethical conflicts, and social disparities in the handling of non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs). MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2023; 26:271-282. [PMID: 36932273 PMCID: PMC10023216 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
New technologies create new complexities. Since non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs) were first introduced, keeping pace with complexity constitutes an ongoing task for medical societies, politics, and practice. NIPTs analyse the chromosomes of the fetus from a small blood sample. Initially, NIPTs were targeted at detecting trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): meanwhile there are sequencing techniques capable of analysing the entire genome of the unborn child. These yield findings of unclear relevance for the child's future life, resulting in new responsibility structures and dilemmas for the parents-to-be.The industry's marketing strategies overemphasize the benefits of the tests while disregarding their consequences. This paper chooses the opposite path: starting with the underestimated consequences, it focuses on adverse developments and downsides. Disparities, paradoxes, and risks associated with NIPTs are illustrated, ethical conflicts described. Indications that new technologies developed to solve problems create new ones are examined. In the sense of critical thinking, seemingly robust knowledge is scrutinized for uncertainties and ambiguities. It analyses how the interplay between genetic knowledge and social discourse results in new dimensions of responsibility not only for parents-to-be, but also for decision-makers, authorities, and professional societies, illustrated by a review of different national policies and implementation programmes. As shown by the new NIPT policy in Norway, the consequences can be startling. Finally, a lawsuit in the United States illustrates how an agency can risk forfeiting its legitimation in connection with the inaccuracy of NIPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Baldus
- Faculty of Social Work, Hochschule Mannheim / Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, Mannheim, Germany.
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Kähler C, Faber R, Geipel A, Heling KS, Kagan KO, Kozlowski P, Schramm T. DEGUM Recommendations on Diagnostic Puncture in Prenatal Medicine. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2023; 44:269-279. [PMID: 36882109 DOI: 10.1055/a-2014-4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic puncture (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and fetal blood sampling) is an essential part of prenatal diagnostics and the only established and sufficiently scientifically evaluated possibility of diagnosing genetic diseases from pregnancy-specific cells. The number of diagnostic punctures in Germany, as in other countries, has fallen significantly. This is largely due to the introduction of first-trimester screening with further detailed ultrasound examination of the fetus and the analysis of cf-DNA (cell-free DNA) from maternal blood (noninvasive prenatal test - NIPT). On the other hand, knowledge about the incidence and appearance of genetic diseases has increased. The development of modern molecular genetic techniques (microarray and exome analysis) makes a differentiated investigation of these diseases increasingly possible. The requirements for education and counseling regarding these complex correlations have thus increased. The studies performed in recent years make it clear that diagnostic puncture performed in expert centers is associated with a low risk of complications. In particular, the procedure-related miscarriage risk hardly differs from the background risk for spontaneous abortion. In 2013, the Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) published recommendations on diagnostic puncture in prenatal medicine 1. The developments described above and new findings in recent years make it necessary to revise and reformulate these recommendations. The aim of this review is to compile important and current facts regarding prenatal medical puncture (including technique, complications, genetic examinations). It is intended to provide basic, comprehensive, and up-to-date information on diagnostic puncture in prenatal medicine. It replaces the publication from 2013 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renaldo Faber
- Leipzig, Center of Prenatal Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Geipel
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kai-Sven Heling
- Obst Gyn, Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kozlowski
- Prenatal Medicine and Human Genetics, praenatal.de, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Movahedi M, Farahbod F, Zarean E, Hajihashemi M, Haghollahi F, Farahmand M. Evaluation of Fetal and Maternal Outcomes in Chorion Villus Sampling (CVS). Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:133. [PMID: 37434920 PMCID: PMC10331521 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_229_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is one of the invasive diagnostic methods used to diagnose chromosomal, genetic, and metabolic diseases in the embryonic period. The use of this method is associated with maternal and fetal consequences, the most serious of which is abortion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of these consequences and the factors affecting the incidence of abortion. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 98 pregnant women with CVS indications. Maternal and fetal outcomes including abortion, vaginal bleeding, subchorionic hematoma, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, limb abnormality, fetal growth retardation, and preeclampsia were recorded. Results The results of the present study showed that the incidence of fetal outcomes including fetal growth failure, premature rupture of membranes, abortion, and limb abnormalities was 4.1%, 7.1%, 3.1%, and 1%, and the incidence of maternal outcomes including preterm delivery, subchorionic hematoma, preeclampsia, and hemorrhage was 14.3%, 3.1%, 6.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. In addition, a decrease in free BHCG and an increase in NT were significantly associated with the occurrence of abortion (OR: 0.11 and 4.25, respectively, P value < 0.05). Conclusion It should be noted that due to a long time between placental sampling and the occurrence of vaginal bleeding, premature rupture of membrane, and preterm delivery, it seems that placental sampling has no effect. In addition, only a decrease in free BHCG or an increase in NT significantly increased the chance of miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Movahedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Farahbod
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Zarean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Child and Growth Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non–Communicable Disease, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajihashemi
- Department of Pelvic Floor, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fedyeh Haghollahi
- Vali-E- Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Chang L, Jiao H, Chen J, Wu G, Liu P, Li R, Guo J, Long W, Tang X, Lu B, Xu H, Wu H. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing, haplotype analysis in prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201761. [PMID: 36810160 PMCID: PMC9947115 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic inherited diseases are common causes of congenital disabilities, leading to severe economic and mental burdens on affected families. In our previous study, we demonstrated the validity of cell-based noninvasive prenatal testing (cbNIPT) in prenatal diagnosis by single-cell targeted sequencing. The present research further explored the feasibility of single-cell whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and haplotype analysis of various monogenic diseases with cbNIPT. Four families were recruited: one with inherited deafness, one with hemophilia, one with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), and one with no disease. Circulating trophoblast cells (cTBs) were obtained from maternal blood and analyzed by single-cell 15X WGS. Haplotype analysis showed that CFC178 (deafness family), CFC616 (hemophilia family), and CFC111 (LVAS family) inherited haplotypes from paternal and/or maternal pathogenic loci. Amniotic fluid or fetal villi samples from the deafness and hemophilia families confirmed these results. WGS performed better than targeted sequencing in genome coverage, allele dropout (ADO), and false-positive (FP) ratios. Our findings suggest that cbNIPT by WGS and haplotype analysis have great potential for use in prenatally diagnosing various monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucheng Chen
- Unimed Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guanlin Wu
- Unimed Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Unimed Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Unimed Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Han Wu
- Unimed Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Kamus L, Belec S, Lambrecht L, Abasse S, Olivier S, Combe P, Bonnave PE, Vauloup-Fellous C. Maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis in Mayotte: Prevalence, incidence and management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011198. [PMID: 36940228 PMCID: PMC10063165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by an intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. It is usually asymptomatic, but toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy can cause congenital toxoplasmosis, potentially resulting in fetal damage. Epidemiological information is lacking for toxoplasmosis in Mayotte (a French overseas territory). We evaluated (1) the prevalence of maternal toxoplasmosis, (2) the incidence of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis, and (3) the management of congenital toxoplasmosis in Mayotte. METHODOLOGY / PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We collected all the available data for toxoplasmosis serological screening during pregnancy and maternal and congenital cases of toxoplasmosis obtained between January 2017 and August 2019 at the central public laboratory of Mayotte (Mamoudzou). Using toxoplasmosis serological data from samples collected from 16,952 pregnant women we estimated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Mayotte at 67.19%. Minimum maternal toxoplasmosis incidence was estimated at 0.29% (49/16,952, 95% CI (0.0022-0.0038)), based on confirmed cases of maternal primary infection only. The estimated incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 0.09% (16/16,952, 95% CI (0.0005-0.0015). Missing data made it difficult to evaluate management, but follow-up was better for mothers with confirmed primary infection and their infants. CONCLUSIONS / SIGNIFICANCE The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and the incidence of toxoplasmosis are higher in Mayotte than in mainland France. There is a need to improve the antenatal toxoplasmosis screening and prevention programme, providing better information to physicians and the population, to improve management and epidemiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Kamus
- Department of Medical Biology, Félix-Guyon Hospital Center, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sophie Belec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mayotte Hospital Center, Mayotte, France
| | | | - Soumeth Abasse
- Paediatric Centre, Mayotte Hospital Centre, Mayotte, France
| | - Sophie Olivier
- Department of Medical Biology, Mayotte Hospital Centre, Mayotte, France
| | - Patrice Combe
- Department of Medical Biology, Mayotte Hospital Centre, Mayotte, France
| | | | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Universite Paris Saclay, INSERM U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology Department, Villejuif, France
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Rodriguez A, Kelley C, Patel A, Ramasubramanian A. Prenatal Diagnosis of Retinoblastomas: A Scoping Review. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1101-1110. [PMID: 37007908 PMCID: PMC10064871 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s380634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this review is to explore the prenatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma and the recommended screening practices. Patients and Methods An electronic literature search on prenatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma was conducted on the PubMed database. Publications within the last 20 years that matched the inclusion criteria were selected. The literature search included the following keywords: retinoblastoma, prenatal, diagnosis, screening, and associated synonyms to increase search sensitivity. Nine studies were included for investigation and extracted to identify prenatal diagnostic and screening techniques for retinoblastoma, their associated impact, and the target population that should receive prenatal screening for retinoblastoma. Results Familial retinoblastoma has an autosomal inheritance pattern and 90% penetrance. Therefore, future parents with a family history of retinoblastoma are strongly advised to get tested for retinoblastoma (Rb) gene mutations; if one of the parents is positive for a mutated allele of the RB1 gene, there is a 45% chance that their child will inherit a mutated allele of the retinoblastoma gene, rendering the allele non-functional in all of the cells of the individual and predisposing the child to a higher risk of developing retinoblastoma as well as other secondary cancers. Thus, prenatal screening and diagnosis of retinoblastoma is crucial for early diagnosis and optimal treatment. Conclusion Prenatal testing for retinoblastoma in high-risk families is important for everyone in the family. For the parents, prenatal screening has been shown to improve their family planning decisions and psychological well-being as they can mentally prepare beforehand and make informed decisions. More importantly, these practices have shown to yield better treatment and vision outcomes in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin Kelley
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anjali Patel
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aparna Ramasubramanian
- Ophthalmology Department, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Correspondence: Aparna Ramasubramanian, Ophthalmology Department, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA, Tel +1 602-933-3937, Fax +1 602-933-2409, Email
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Battarbee AN, Vora NL, Hardisty EE, Stamilio DM. Cost-effectiveness of ultrasound before non-invasive prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:325-332. [PMID: 36273429 PMCID: PMC10577524 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cost-effectiveness of first-trimester ultrasound before fetal aneuploidy screening with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) compared with screening by cfDNA alone. METHODS A decision analytic model was constructed for 400 000 pregnant individuals with advanced maternal age who desired first-trimester aneuploidy screening with cfDNA in the USA, to compare two screening strategies: (1) cfDNA only and (2) ultrasound performed within 4 weeks before cfDNA. Input parameters included probability of fetal aneuploidy, cfDNA performance, desire for diagnostic testing, pregnancy outcomes, and pregnancy and lifetime costs and utilities. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), in terms of cost in 2020 US dollars (USD) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Secondary outcomes included procedure-related loss, pregnancy termination, live birth with aneuploidy, live birth with structural anomaly and stillbirth. Discounting was performed at 3% per year with an estimated maternal lifespan of 81 years starting at the age of 35 years. One-way, multiway and Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. All base-case estimates and ranges of uncertainty were derived from the literature. The willingness-to-pay threshold was set at 100 000 USD per QALY. RESULTS In the base-case analysis, ultrasound before cfDNA screening was more cost-effective than cfDNA screening without pretest ultrasound, with an ICER of 12 588 USD and higher net monetary benefit (24 241 vs 20 466). The strategy involving ultrasound before cfDNA was more costly by 544 USD but also more effective (by 0.04 QALY) compared with cfDNA alone. Base-case results were robust in sensitivity analyses with the strategy involving ultrasound before cfDNA always remaining the most cost-effective approach with the highest net monetary benefit. CONCLUSION First-trimester ultrasound before cfDNA is a more cost-effective strategy for non-invasive prenatal aneuploidy screening compared with cfDNA alone. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Battarbee
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N L Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine and University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E E Hardisty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine and University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D M Stamilio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Acreman ML, Bussolaro S, Raymond YC, Fantasia I, Rolnik DL, Da Silva Costa F. The predictive value of prenatal cell-free DNA testing for rare autosomal trisomies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:292-305.e6. [PMID: 36027954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA in screening for rare autosomal trisomies is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to determine the predictive value of cell-free DNA in screening for rare autosomal trisomies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All studies that reported on the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free DNA in the detection of rare autosomal trisomies were included. Case series were included if they contained at least 10 cases with diagnostic test results or postnatal genetic testing. METHODS Study appraisal was completed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Statistical analysis was performed using random-effects meta-analysis of double-arcsine transformed proportions of confirmed results in the fetus out of the positive tests to obtain a pooled estimate of the positive predictive value. RESULTS The search identified 7553 studies, of which 1852 were duplicates. After screening 5701 titles and abstracts, 380 studies proceeded to the full-text screen; 206 articles were retrieved for data extraction, of which another 175 articles were excluded. A total of 31 studies, with a total of 1703 women were included for analysis. The pooled positive predictive value of cell-free DNA for the diagnosis of rare autosomal trisomies was 11.46% (95% confidence interval, 7.80-15.65). Statistical heterogeneity was high (I2=82%). Sensitivity analysis restricted to 5 studies at low risk of bias demonstrated a pooled positive predictive value of 9.13% (95% confidence interval, 2.49-18.76). There were insufficient data to provide accurate ascertainment of sensitivity and specificity because most studies only offered confirmatory tests to women with high-risk results. CONCLUSION The positive predictive value of cell-free DNA in diagnosing rare autosomal trisomies is approximately 11%. Clinicians should provide this information when offering cell-free DNA for screening of conditions outside of common autosomal trisomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Acreman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ipswich Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sofia Bussolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yvette C Raymond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilaria Fantasia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniel L Rolnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabricio Da Silva Costa
- Maternal Foetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Raymond MB, Barbera JP, Boudova S, Vinekar K, Horgan R, McLaren R, Al-Kouatly HB. Implications for Prenatal Genetic Testing in the United States After the Reversal of Roe v Wade. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 141:445-454. [PMID: 36649348 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal genetic screening and diagnostic testing should be offered to every pregnant individual, with methods varying based on gestational age. Since Roe v Wade was overturned in June 2022, many states have implemented gestational age-based abortion restrictions. It is critical that reproductive health care professionals be aware of the interaction between the timing of genetic screening and diagnostic testing and the availability of legal abortion services in their state. We examined individual state abortion restrictions per publicly available data from The New York Times and the Guttmacher Institute and reviewed which genetic screening and diagnostic tests could be performed to provide results in time for individuals to decide whether to terminate their pregnancies legally in each state. As of December 11, 2022, 14 states have restrictions in which no diagnostic testing could be completed before gestational age-based cutoffs. Gestational age-based abortion restrictions may also influence a patient to favor chorionic villous sampling (CVS) over amniocentesis. There are two states, Florida and Arizona, where CVS would be feasible before the state's gestational age limit on abortion but amniocentesis would not. Both CVS and amniocentesis are feasible in 35 states, with legal challenges pending in 8 of the 35. Seven states specifically prohibit abortion for fetuses with genetic abnormalities. Clinicians may be placed in the suboptimal position of counseling patients with screening results alone before the gestational age-based ban in their state. There are several potential downstream consequences of gestational age-based termination restrictions for current genetic screening and testing paradigms, from adjustments to counseling options to potentially higher CVS procedure rates. Clinicians should be prepared for practice patterns to change to best serve patients in this evolving legal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Raymond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases require customized approaches for reproductive counseling, addressing differences in recurrence risks and reproductive options. The majority of mitochondrial diseases is caused by mutations in nuclear genes and segregate in a Mendelian way. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are available to prevent the birth of another severely affected child. In at least 15%-25% of cases, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which can occur de novo (25%) or be maternally inherited. For de novo mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is low and PND can be offered for reassurance. For maternally inherited, heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, the recurrence risk is often unpredictable, due to the mitochondrial bottleneck. PND for mtDNA mutations is technically possible, but often not applicable given limitations in predicting the phenotype. Another option for preventing the transmission of mtDNA diseases is PGT. Embryos with mutant load below the expression threshold are being transferred. Oocyte donation is another safe option to prevent the transmission of mtDNA disease to a future child for couples who reject PGT. Recently, mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) became available for clinical application as an alternative to prevent the transmission of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic mtDNA mutations.
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Bernkopf M, Abdullah UB, Bush SJ, Wood KA, Ghaffari S, Giannoulatou E, Koelling N, Maher GJ, Thibaut LM, Williams J, Blair EM, Kelly FB, Bloss A, Burkitt-Wright E, Canham N, Deng AT, Dixit A, Eason J, Elmslie F, Gardham A, Hay E, Holder M, Homfray T, Hurst JA, Johnson D, Jones WD, Kini U, Kivuva E, Kumar A, Lees MM, Leitch HG, Morton JEV, Németh AH, Ramachandrappa S, Saunders K, Shears DJ, Side L, Splitt M, Stewart A, Stewart H, Suri M, Clouston P, Davies RW, Wilkie AOM, Goriely A. Personalized recurrence risk assessment following the birth of a child with a pathogenic de novo mutation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:853. [PMID: 36792598 PMCID: PMC9932158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the diagnosis of a paediatric disorder caused by an apparently de novo mutation, a recurrence risk of 1-2% is frequently quoted due to the possibility of parental germline mosaicism; but for any specific couple, this figure is usually incorrect. We present a systematic approach to providing individualized recurrence risk. By combining locus-specific sequencing of multiple tissues to detect occult mosaicism with long-read sequencing to determine the parent-of-origin of the mutation, we show that we can stratify the majority of couples into one of seven discrete categories associated with substantially different risks to future offspring. Among 58 families with a single affected offspring (representing 59 de novo mutations in 49 genes), the recurrence risk for 35 (59%) was decreased below 0.1%, but increased owing to parental mixed mosaicism for 5 (9%)-that could be quantified in semen for paternal cases (recurrence risks of 5.6-12.1%). Implementation of this strategy offers the prospect of driving a major transformation in the practice of genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bernkopf
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ummi B Abdullah
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Wood
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sahar Ghaffari
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nils Koelling
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Maher
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Loïc M Thibaut
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward M Blair
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Blanco Kelly
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Bloss
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Burkitt-Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Natalie Canham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexander T Deng
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jacqueline Eason
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frances Elmslie
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Eleanor Hay
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Muriel Holder
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tessa Homfray
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane A Hurst
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Diana Johnson
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wendy D Jones
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Usha Kini
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Kivuva
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Ajith Kumar
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melissa M Lees
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Harry G Leitch
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny E V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shwetha Ramachandrappa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katherine Saunders
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah J Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Alison Stewart
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Regional Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Goriely
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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Zhou Y, Wu S, Han J, Zhen L, Yang X, Li R, Zhang Y, Jing X, Li F, Liu H. Prenatal diagnosis of ultrasound soft markers in a single medical center of mainland China. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36765363 PMCID: PMC9912520 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a few studies on the chromosomal aberration of Ultrasound soft markers (USMs). The aim of this study was to determine the detection rate of clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities (CSCA) in fetuses with different USMs. METHODS This study included fetuses with USMs who underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis for karyotype and/or chromosomal microarray (CMA) by categorizing into two groups: a single USM (SUSM) and multiple USMs (MUSMs). RESULTS Of the 358 cases with USMs, CSCA occurred in 3.09% (8/259) and 8.08% (8/99) of the SUSM and MUSM groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Of 16 cases identified with CSCA, theoretically 68.75% (11/16) could be detected by karyotype, while 31.25% (5/16) could be recognized only by CMA. Among CSCA cases, the most frequent USM was an absent or hypoplastic nasal bone (62.5%, 10/16). In cases with negative karyotypes and/or CMA, follow-up results were available in 307 cases, including 292 term deliveries, 6 preterm deliveries, 8 terminations of pregnancy due to USMs, and 1 still birth. CONCLUSION MUSMs increased the risk of chromosomal abnormalities. An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone was the most clinically significant marker either alone or in combination with other USMs. Most of SUSM had a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhou
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province China
| | - Jin Han
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhen
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Jing
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Reimers R, High F, Kremen J, Wilkins-Haug L. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy-What do we tell the prospective parents? Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:250-260. [PMID: 36316966 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) can be detected on prenatal diagnostic testing and cell free DNA screening (cfDNA). High risk cfDNA results should be confirmed with diagnostic testing. This summary article serves as an update for prenatal providers and assimilates data from neurodevelopmental, epidemiologic, and registry studies on the most common SCA. This information can be helpful for counseling after prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Incidence estimates may be influenced by ascertainment bias and this article is not a substitute for interdisciplinary consultation and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reimers
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frances High
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Kremen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Maternal-Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louise Wilkins-Haug
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Maternal-Fetal Care Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Guo H, Sheng R, Zhang X, Jin X, Gu W, Liu T, Dong H, Jia R. Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses conceived by assisted reproductive technology by karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14678. [PMID: 36684682 PMCID: PMC9854383 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive prenatal evaluation by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotyping might represent an important option in pregnant women, but limited reports have applied CMA and karyotyping of fetuses conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aimed to examine the value of CMA and karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis after ART. Methods This retrospective study included all singleton fetuses conceived by ART from January 2015 to December 2021. Anomalies prenatally diagnosed based on karyotyping and CMA were analyzed. Prevalence rates for various CMA and karyotyping results were stratified based on specific testing indications including isolated-and non-isolated ART groups. The rates of CMA findings with clinical significance (pathogenic/likely pathogenic) and karyotype anomalies were assessed and compared to those of local control individuals with naturally conceived pregnancies and without medical indications. Results In total, 224 subjects were assessed by karyotyping and CMA. In the examined patients, chromosomal and karyotype abnormality rates were 3.57% (8/224) and 8.93% (20/224), respectively. This finding indicated a 5.35% (12/224)-incremental rate of abnormal CMA was obtained over karyotype analysis (p = 0.019). The risk of CMA with pathogenic findings for all pregnancies conceived by ART (5.80%, 13/224) was markedly elevated in comparison with the background value obtained in control individuals (1.47%, 9/612; p = 0.001). In addition, risk of CMA with clinically pathogenic results in isolated ART groups was significant higher compared to the background risk reported in the control cohort (p = 0.037). Conclusions Prenatal diagnosis including karyotyping and CMA is recommended for fetuses conceived by ART, with or without ultrasound findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemei Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haixin Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Neural fate commitment of rat full-term amniotic fluid stem cells via three-dimensional embryoid bodies and neurospheres formation. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Resultados perinatales tras prueba diagnóstica invasiva en el embarazo. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2022.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Contribution of whole genome sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of mosaic partial deletion of the NF1 gene in neurofibromatosis type 1. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1-9. [PMID: 35941319 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance but highly variable expressivity. In most patients, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allow the identification of a loss-of-function pathogenic variant in the NF1 gene, a negative regulator of the RAS-MAPK pathway. We describe the 5-year diagnosis wandering of a patient with a clear NF1 clinical diagnosis, but no molecular diagnosis using standard molecular technologies. The patient presented with a typical NF1 phenotype but NF1 targeted NGS, NF1 transcript analysis, MLPA, and array comparative genomic hybridization failed to reveal a genetic aberration. After 5 years of unsuccessful investigations, trio WGS finally identified a de novo mosaic (VAF ~ 14%) 24.6 kb germline deletion encompassing the promoter and first exon of NF1. This case report illustrates the relevance of WGS to detect structural variants including copy number variants that would be missed by alternative approaches. The identification of the causal pathogenic variant allowed a tailored genetic counseling with a targeted non-invasive prenatal diagnosis by detecting the deletion in plasmatic cell-free DNA from the proband's pregnant partner. This report clearly highlights the need to make WGS a clinically accessible test, offering a tremendous opportunity to identify a molecular diagnosis for otherwise unsolved cases.
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