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Gulyak EL, Alferova VA, Korshun VA, Sapozhnikova KA. Introduction of Carbonyl Groups into Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:7890. [PMID: 38067618 PMCID: PMC10707781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and their derivatives (scFv, Fabs, etc.) represent a unique class of biomolecules that combine selectivity with the ability to target drug delivery. Currently, one of the most promising endeavors in this field is the development of molecular diagnostic tools and antibody-based therapeutic agents, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). To meet this challenge, it is imperative to advance methods for modifying antibodies. A particularly promising strategy involves the introduction of carbonyl groups into the antibody that are amenable to further modification by biorthogonal reactions, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and α-oxo aldehydes, as well as aliphatic and aryl-alkyl ketones. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods and applications of site-specific antibody conjugates that are synthesized using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ksenia A. Sapozhnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.L.G.); (V.A.A.); (V.A.K.)
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2
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Dégardin M, Liberelle B, Oliverio R, Baniahmad SF, Darviot C, Largillière I, Henry O, Durocher Y, Banquy X, Meunier M, De Crescenzo G. Coiled-Coil-Based Biofunctionalization of 100 nm Gold Nanoparticles with the Trastuzumab Antibody for the Detection of HER2-Positive Cancer Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12235-12247. [PMID: 37581531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
We compared different biofunctionalization strategies for immobilizing trastuzumab, an IgG targeting the HER2 biomarker, onto 100 nm spherical gold nanoparticles because of the E/K coiled-coil peptide heterodimer. First, Kcoil peptides were grafted onto the gold surface while their Ecoil partners were genetically encoded at the C-terminus of trastuzumab's Fc region, allowing for a strong and specific interaction between the antibodies and the nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles with no Kcoil peptides on their surface were also produced to immobilize Ecoil-tagged trastuzumab antibodies via the specific adsorption of their negatively charged Ecoil tags on the positively charged gold surface. Finally, the nonspecific adsorption of wild-type trastuzumab on the gold surface was also assessed, with and without Kcoil peptides grafted on it beforehand. We developed a thorough workflow to systematically compare the immobilization strategies regarding the stability of nanoparticles, antibody coverage, and ability to specifically bind to HER2-positive breast cancer cells. All nanoparticles were highly monodisperse and retained their localized surface plasmon resonance properties after biofunctionalization. A significant increase in the amount of immobilized antibodies was observed with the two oriented coil-based strategies compared to nonspecific adsorption. Finally, all biofunctionalization strategies allowed for the detection of HER2-positive breast cancer cells, but among the investigated approaches, we recommend using the E/K coiled-coil-based strategy for gold nanoparticle biofunctionalization because it allows for the qualitative and quantitative detection of HER2-positive cells with a higher contrast compared to HER2-negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Dégardin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory (LP2L), Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Liberelle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Romane Oliverio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation et Analyse du Médicament (AFAM), Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Seyed Farzad Baniahmad
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Building Montréal-Royalmount, H4P 2R2 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Darviot
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory (LP2L), Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Largillière
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory (LP2L), Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Building Montréal-Royalmount, H4P 2R2 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation et Analyse du Médicament (AFAM), Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Meunier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory (LP2L), Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Sharmeen S, Suh K, Kyei I, Jones J, Olupathage H, Campbell A, Hage DS. Immunoaffinity Chromatography for Protein Purification and Analysis. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e867. [PMID: 37610261 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) is a type of liquid chromatography that uses immobilized antibodies or related binding agents as selective stationary phases for sample separation or analysis. The strong binding and high selectivity of antibodies have made IAC a popular tool for the purification and analysis of many chemicals and biochemicals, including proteins. The basic principles of IAC are described as related to the use of this method for protein purification and analysis. The main factors to consider in this technique are also presented under a discussion of the general strategy to follow during the development of a new IAC method. Protocols, as illustrated using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein, are provided for the use of IAC in several formats. This includes both the use of IAC with traditional low-performance supports such as agarose for off-line immunoextraction and supports used in high-performance IAC for on-line immunoextraction. The use of IAC for protein analysis as a flow-based or chromatographic immunoassay is also discussed and described using HSA and a competitive binding assay format as an example. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Off-line immunoextraction by traditional immunoaffinity chromatography Basic Protocol 2: On-line immunoextraction by high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography Basic Protocol 3: Competitive binding chromatographic immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Kyungah Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | - Avery Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Sapozhnikova KA, Gulyak EL, Brylev VA, Misyurin VA, Oreshkov SD, Alexeeva AV, Ryazantsev DY, Simonova MA, Ryabukhina EV, Popova GP, Tikhonova NA, Lyzhko NA, Barmashov AE, Misyurin AV, Ustinov AV, Alferova VA, Korshun VA. Aminooxy Click Modification of a Periodate-Oxidized Immunoglobulin G: A General Approach to Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Dye-Mediated Expeditious Stoichiometry Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065134. [PMID: 36982208 PMCID: PMC10049567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A universal approach to the construction of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has been developed. It relies on periodate oxidation of naturally present glycans of immunoglobulin G, followed by oxime ligation and, optionally, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition for conjugation with a toxic payload. The introduction of highly absorbing cyanine dyes into the linker allows for facile determination of the drug-antibody ratio. We applied this methodology to the synthesis of cytotoxic conjugates of an antibody against the tumor-associated antigen PRAME with doxorubicin and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The resultant conjugates retained their affinity to a large extent, yet their cytotoxicity in vitro varied dramatically: while the doxorubicin-based conjugate did not produce any effect on cells, the MMAE-based one demonstrated specific activity against PRAME-expressing cancer cell lines. Importantly, the latter conjugate constitutes the first reported example of a PRAME-targeting ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A Sapozhnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny L Gulyak
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Lumiprobe RUS Ltd., Kotsyubinskogo 4, 121351 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D Oreshkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Simonova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Ryabukhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina P Popova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander E Barmashov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Lumiprobe RUS Ltd., Kotsyubinskogo 4, 121351 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Ucci S, Spaziani S, Quero G, Vaiano P, Principe M, Micco A, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M, Consales M, Cusano A. Advanced Lab-on-Fiber Optrodes Assisted by Oriented Antibody Immobilization Strategy. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1040. [PMID: 36421158 PMCID: PMC9688615 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-fiber (LoF) optrodes offer several advantages over conventional techniques for point-of-care platforms aimed at real-time and label-free detection of clinically relevant biomarkers. Moreover, the easy integration of LoF platforms in medical needles, catheters, and nano endoscopes offer unique potentials for in vivo biopsies and tumor microenvironment assessment. The main barrier to translating the vision close to reality is the need to further lower the final limit of detection of developed optrodes. For immune-biosensing purposes, the assay sensitivity significantly relies on the capability to correctly immobilize the capture antibody in terms of uniform coverage and correct orientation of the bioreceptor, especially when very low detection limits are requested as in the case of cancer diagnostics. Here, we investigated the possibility to improve the immobilization strategies through the use of hinge carbohydrates by involving homemade antibodies that demonstrated a significantly improved recognition of the antigen with ultra-low detection limits. In order to create an effective pipeline for the improvement of biofunctionalization protocols to be used in connection with LoF platforms, we first optimized the protocol using a microfluidic surface plasmon resonance (mSPR) device and then transferred the optimized strategy onto LoF platforms selected for the final validation. Here, we selected two different LoF platforms: a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based device (commercially available) and a homemade advanced LoF biosensor based on optical fiber meta-tips (OFMTs). As a clinically relevant scenario, here we focused our attention on a promising serological biomarker, Cripto-1, for its ability to promote tumorigenesis in breast and liver cancer. Currently, Cripto-1 detection relies on laborious and time-consuming immunoassays. The reported results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on oriented antibody immobilization was able to significantly improve Cripto-1 detection with a 10-fold enhancement versus the random approach. More interestingly, by using the oriented antibody immobilization strategy, the OFMTs-based platform was able to reveal Cripto-1 at a concentration of 0.05 nM, exhibiting detection capabilities much higher (by a factor of 250) than those provided by the commercial LoF platform based on BLI and similar to the ones shown by the commercial and well-established bench-top mSPR Biacore 8K system. Therefore, our work opened new avenues into the development of high-sensitivity LoF biosensors for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in the sub-ng/mL range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarassunta Ucci
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Spaziani
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Patrizio Vaiano
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Principe
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Alberto Micco
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Consales
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronics Group, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Centro Regionale Information Communication Technology (CeRICT Scrl), 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Sapozhnikova KA, Misyurin VA, Ryazantsev DY, Kokin EA, Finashutina YP, Alexeeva AV, Ivanov IA, Kocharovskaya MV, Tikhonova NA, Popova GP, Alferova VA, Ustinov AV, Korshun VA, Brylev VA. Sensitive Immunofluorescent Detection of the PRAME Antigen Using a Practical Antibody Conjugation Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12845. [PMID: 34884647 PMCID: PMC8657778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation of antibodies with various payloads has diverse applications across various fields, including drug delivery and targeted imaging techniques. Fluorescent immunoconjugates provide a promising tool for cancer diagnostics due to their high brightness, specificity, stability and target affinity. Fluorescent antibodies are widely used in flow cytometry for fast and sensitive identification and collection of cells expressing the target surface antigen. Nonetheless, current approaches to fluorescent labeling of antibodies most often use random modification, along with a few rather sophisticated site-specific techniques. The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for fluorescent labeling of immunoglobulin G via periodate oxidation of antibody glycans, followed by oxime ligation with fluorescent oxyamines. Here, we report a novel technique based on an in situ oxime ligation of ethoxyethylidene-protected aminooxy compounds with oxidized antibody glycans. The approach is suitable for easy modification of any immunoglobulin G, while ensuring that antigen-binding domains remain intact, thus revealing various possibilities for fluorescent probe design. The technique was used to label an antibody to PRAME, a cancer-testis protein overexpressed in a number of cancers. A 6H8 monoclonal antibody to the PRAME protein was directly modified with protected-oxyamine derivatives of fluorescein-type dyes (FAM, Alexa488, BDP-FL); the stoichiometry of the resulting conjugates was characterized spectroscopically. The immunofluorescent conjugates obtained were applied to the analysis of bone marrow samples from patients with oncohematological diseases and demonstrated high efficiency in flow cytometry quantification. The approach can be applied for the development of various immunofluorescent probes for detection of diagnostic and prognostic markers, which can be useful in anticancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia A. Sapozhnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Highway 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.M.); (Y.P.F.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Egor A. Kokin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Yulia P. Finashutina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Highway 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.M.); (Y.P.F.)
| | - Anastasiya V. Alexeeva
- Faculty of General Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor A. Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Milita V. Kocharovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Galina P. Popova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Vera A. Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, B. Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Vladimir A. Brylev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (D.Y.R.); (E.A.K.); (I.A.I.); (M.V.K.); (G.P.P.); (V.A.A.); (A.V.U.)
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Sapozhnikova KA, Misyurin AV, Pestov NB, Meleshkina EG, Oreshkov SD, Ganzhula EP, Mikhailova AS, Korshun VA, Misyurin VA, Brylev VA. Detection of the PRAME Protein on the Surface of Melanoma Cells Using a Fluorescently Labeled Monoclonal Antibody. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Enhancing Antibodies' Binding Capacity through Oriented Functionalization of Plasmonic Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102620. [PMID: 34685056 PMCID: PMC8538552 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein A has long been used in different research fields due to its ability to specifically recognize immunoglobulins (Ig). The protein derived from Staphylococcus aureus binds Ig through the Fc region of the antibody, showing its strongest binding in immunoglobulin G (IgG), making it the most used protein in its purification and detection. The research presented here integrates, for the first time, protein A to a silicon surface patterned with gold nanoparticles for the oriented binding of IgG. The signal detection is conveyed through a metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) system. Orienting immunoglobulins allows the exposition of the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) region for the binding to its antigen, substantially increasing the binding capacity per antibody immobilized. Antibodies orientation is of crucial importance in many diagnostics devices, particularly when either component is in limited quantities.
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Chang L, Fischer-Durand N, Gontard G, Bertrand B, Thorimbert S, Dechoux L. A Solvent-free, Catalyst-free Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Dearomatization Strategy: Towards New Fluorophores for Biomolecules Labelling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1821-1824. [PMID: 33651919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A general, sustainable dearomatization reaction for nitrogen-containing heterocycles was developed. Under solvent free conditions and without catalyst, the biorenewable methyl coumalate (MC) reacted as an efficient C3 partner to convert nine types of basic aromatic rings into their pyrido[1,2-a] fused derivatives in good to excellent yields. The fluorescence properties of some of the products were harnessed to conjugate fluorescent tags to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Serge Thorimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Luc Dechoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
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10
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Reagentless Affimer- and antibody-based impedimetric biosensors for CEA-detection using a novel non-conducting polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113013. [PMID: 33508539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyoctopamine (POct), an amine-functionalised non-conducting polymer, as the transducer layer in an electrochemical biosensor, is presented. This polymer offers versatile covalent coupling either through thiol linker conjugation, carboxyl or aldehyde functional groups without the requirement of pre- or post-surface activation. The colorectal cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was selected as the target analyte, whilst an antibody and a synthetic binding protein, an Affimer, were used as distinct bioreceptors to demonstrate the versatility of polyoctopamine as a transducer polymer layer for oriented immobilisation of the bioreceptors. The electrodeposited polymer layer was characterised using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and on-sensor chemiluminescent blotting. The performance of optimised POct-based biosensors were tested in spiked human serum. Results showed that the electropolymerisation of octopamine on screen printed gold electrode generates a thin polymer film with low resistance. Close proximity of the immobilised bioreceptors to the transducer layer greatly enhanced the sensitivity detection. The sensitivity of the smaller monomeric bioreceptor (Affimer, 12.6 kDa) to detect CEA was comparable to the dimeric antibody (150 kDa) with limit of detection at 11.76 fM which is significantly lower than the basal clinical levels of 25 pM. However, the Affimer-based sensor had a narrower dynamic range compared to the immunosensor (1-100 fM vs. 1 fM - 100 nM, respectively). All electrochemical measurements were done in less than 5 min with small sample volumes (10 μl). Hence, polyoctopamine features a simple fabrication of impedimetric biosensors using amine-functionalisation technique, provides rapid response time with enhanced sensitivity and label-free detection.
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11
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Suchý M, Kirby A, Sabloff T, Mulvihill EE, Shuhendler AJ. Dansyl–NA 3 conjugates for glycoprotein detection through fluorescent tagging and native gel electrophoresis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aldehyde-reactive fluorophore has been prepared that can afford the fluorescent detection of serum glycoproteins by native gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Tara Sabloff
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology
- University of Ottawa
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute
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12
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Rodriguez EL, Poddar S, Iftekhar S, Suh K, Woolfork AG, Ovbude S, Pekarek A, Walters M, Lott S, Hage DS. Affinity chromatography: A review of trends and developments over the past 50 years. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122332. [PMID: 32871378 PMCID: PMC7584770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of affinity chromatography, which employs a biologically-related agent as the stationary phase, has seen significant growth since the modern era of this method began in 1968. This review examines the major developments and trends that have occurred in this technique over the past five decades. The basic principles and history of this area are first discussed. This is followed by an overview of the various supports, immobilization strategies, and types of binding agents that have been used in this field. The general types of applications and fields of use that have appeared for affinity chromatography are also considered. A survey of the literature is used to identify major trends in these topics and important areas of use for affinity chromatography in the separation, analysis, or characterization of chemicals and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Sazia Iftekhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Kyungah Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Susan Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Allegra Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Morgan Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shae Lott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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13
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Kunstmann S, Engström O, Wehle M, Widmalm G, Santer M, Barbirz S. Increasing the Affinity of an O-Antigen Polysaccharide Binding Site in Shigella flexneri Bacteriophage Sf6 Tailspike Protein. Chemistry 2020; 26:7263-7273. [PMID: 32189378 PMCID: PMC7463171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Broad and unspecific use of antibiotics accelerates spread of resistances. Sensitive and robust pathogen detection is thus important for a more targeted application. Bacteriophages contain a large repertoire of pathogen-binding proteins. These tailspike proteins (TSP) often bind surface glycans and represent a promising design platform for specific pathogen sensors. We analysed bacteriophage Sf6 TSP that recognizes the O-polysaccharide of dysentery-causing Shigella flexneri to develop variants with increased sensitivity for sensor applications. Ligand polyrhamnose backbone conformations were obtained from 2D 1 H,1 H-trNOESY NMR utilizing methine-methine and methine-methyl correlations. They agreed well with conformations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD), validating the method for further predictions. In a set of mutants, MD predicted ligand flexibilities that were in good correlation with binding strength as confirmed on immobilized S. flexneri O-polysaccharide (PS) with surface plasmon resonance. In silico approaches combined with rapid screening on PS surfaces hence provide valuable strategies for TSP-based pathogen sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kunstmann
- Physikalische BiochemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
- Theory and BiosystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Current address: Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkSøltofts Plads2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Olof Engström
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Marko Wehle
- Theory and BiosystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Mark Santer
- Theory and BiosystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Stefanie Barbirz
- Physikalische BiochemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
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14
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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15
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Alves NJ. Antibody conjugation and formulation. Antib Ther 2019; 2:33-39. [PMID: 33928219 PMCID: PMC7990145 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Apriceno A, Astolfi ML, Girelli AM, Scuto FR. A new laccase-mediator system facing the biodegradation challenge: Insight into the NSAIDs removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:535-542. [PMID: 30340161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely found pollutants in the aquatic environment and the currently available treatments for their removal are usually associated with some drawbacks. The aim of this research was to apply a laccase-mediator system for the degradation of some commonly used NSAIDs, namely diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NAP) and ketoprofen (KP). The biocatalyst was obtained by direct immobilization on chitosan beads of a periodate-oxided laccase from Trametes versicolor. A preliminary study aimed to optimize DCF degradation in the presence of 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as mediator. It turned out that pH 3 and a 1:1 M ratio for ABTS:drug were the best experimental conditions under which DCF was degraded at 90% after 3 h. In addition, an efficient reuse of the biocatalyst for up to 5 cycles emerged. DCF was further mixed with naproxen and ketoprofen to test whether laccase was still able to eliminate DCF and eventually act on the other compounds. At just 0.02 U of laccase activity, diclofenac was completely degraded within 3 h, while an almost complete removal for naproxen (∼90%) and a partial removal for ketoprofen (30%) occurred in 7 d when drugs were added at high concentrations (78.5 μM, 98 μM and 108 μM, respectively). After 7 d of degradation, transformation products of diclofenac, identified as hydroxylated compounds, disappeared. Naproxen products were, instead, reduced to very small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Apriceno
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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17
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Krishnan V, Sarode A, Bhatt R, Oliveira JD, Brown TD, Jiang YP, Reddy Junutula J, Mitragotri S. Surface-Functionalized Carrier-Free Drug Nanorods for Leukemia. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinu Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Engineering II Building; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Apoorva Sarode
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Engineering II Building; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Rohit Bhatt
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Joshua D. Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Engineering II Building; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Tyler D. Brown
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Y. P. Jiang
- Cellerant Therapeutics Inc.; 1561 Industrial Road San Carlos CA 94070 USA
| | | | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Engineering II Building; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Center for Bioengineering; University of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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18
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Lou D, Fan L, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Gu N, Zhang Y. Fluorescent Nanoprobes with Oriented Modified Antibodies to Improve Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Cardiac Troponin I. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6502-6508. [PMID: 29697255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Performance of nanoprobes can often determine the detection level of Lateral immunochromatography. Traditional probes were limited by the quantity and orientation of antibodies, immune activity of the Fab region or binding strength between protein and substrate. This study developed a new efficient and robust technology to construct fluorescent nanoprobes with oriented modified antibodies, based on specific binding of the Fc region of antibody with streptococcal protein G (SPG) on the surface of polystyrene microspheres (MS) and subsequent covalent cross-linking at binding sites to firm them. Lateral flow immunoassay using these probes was applied for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The significantly improved detection sensitivity demonstrated that antibody orientation on MS surfaces effectively enhanced immunological activities of probes compared with random immobilizing methods. Furthermore, performance evaluation results of lateral flow test strips met clinical requirements perfectly, including limit of detection (0.032 ng/mL), linearity ( R > 0.99), repeatability (CV < 10%), correlation ( R > 0.99), and heat aging stability. This research also employed heterophilic blocking reagent (HBR) to actively block redundant binding sites of SPG for the first time in order to eliminate false positive interferences, improving the sensitivity and precision of test results further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- Nanjing Nanoeast Biotech Co., Ltd. , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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19
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Jacinto MJ, Trabuco JRC, Vu BV, Garvey G, Khodadady M, Azevedo AM, Aires-Barros MR, Chang L, Kourentzi K, Litvinov D, Willson RC. Enhancement of lateral flow assay performance by electromagnetic relocation of reporter particles. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186782. [PMID: 29309424 PMCID: PMC5757911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a widely-used point-of care diagnostic format, but suffer from limited analytical sensitivity, especially when read by eye. It has recently been reported that LFA performance can be improved by using magnetic reporter particles and an external magnetic field applied at the test line. The mechanism of sensitivity/performance enhancement was suggested to be concentration/retardation of reporter particles at the test line. Here we demonstrate an additional mechanism of particle relocation where reporter particles from the lower depths of the translucent LFA strip relocate to more-visible locations nearer to the top surface, producing a more visible signal. With a magnetic field we observed an improvement in sensitivity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) detection from 1.25 ng/mL to 0.31 ng/mL. We also observed an increase of the color intensity per particle in test lines when the magnetic field was present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Jacinto
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - João R. C. Trabuco
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Binh V. Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gavin Garvey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Khodadady
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Azevedo
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Raquel Aires-Barros
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Long Chang
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dmitri Litvinov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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20
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Spears RJ, Fascione MA. Site-selective incorporation and ligation of protein aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7622-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of aldehyde handles into proteins, and subsequent chemical reactions thereof, is rapidly proving to be an effective way of generating homogeneous, covalently linked protein constructs that can display a vast array of functionality.
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21
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Kolesnikov AV, Kozyr AV, Ryabko AK, Shemyakin IG. Ultrasensitive detection of protease activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins by a new PCR-based assay. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv112. [PMID: 26620058 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax and botulism are dangerous infectious diseases that can be fatal unless detected and treated quickly. Fatalities from these diseases are primarily due to endopeptidase toxins secreted by the pathogens. Rapid and sensitive detection of the presence of active toxins is the key element for protection from natural outbreaks of anthrax and botulism, as well as from the threat of bioterrorism. We describe an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for detecting proteolytic activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins using composite probes consisting of covalent peptide-DNA conjugate for the detection of anthrax, and noncovalent protein-aptamer assembly to assay botulinum toxin activity. Probes immobilized on the solid-phase support are cleaved by toxins to release DNA, which is detected by real-time PCR. Both assays can detect subpicogram quantities of active toxins isolated from composite matrices. Special procedures were developed to isolate intact toxins from the matrices under mild conditions. The assay is rapid, uses proven technologies, and can be modified to detect other proteolytic and biopolymer-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kolesnikov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany, Moscow Region 142380, Russia
| | - Arina V Kozyr
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
| | - Alyona K Ryabko
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
| | - Igor G Shemyakin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
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23
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A chemoenzymatic approach toward the preparation of site-specific antibody–drug conjugates. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Crivianu-Gaita V, Romaschin A, Thompson M. High efficiency reduction capability for the formation of Fab׳ antibody fragments from F(ab) 2 units. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:23-28. [PMID: 29124142 PMCID: PMC5668623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have widespread applications in areas ranging from therapeutics to chromatography and protein microarrays. Certain applications require only the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) units of the protein. This study compares the cleavage efficacy of dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethylamine (MEA), and dithiobutylamine (DTBA) – a relatively new reducing agent synthesized in 2012. Pseudo-first order kinetic analyses show DTBA to be ~213 times faster than DTT and ~71 times faster than MEA in the formation of Fab׳ antibody fragments from polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Monoclonal mouse antibodies were also used to show the feasibility of the reduction process on antibodies from a different species and with a different clonality. DTBA cleaved the monoclonal mouse F(ab)2 units most efficiently, ~2 times faster than DTT ~10 times faster than MEA. Due to the extremely quick reactivity of all the reducing agents in the first five minutes of monoclonal antibody reductions as well as for the DTBA reductions of the polyclonal rabbit antibodies, the pseudo-first order kinetic analyses should be interpreted qualitatively for these results. Nucleophilic sulfides on Fab׳ fragments are preserved in the DTBA reduction process, demonstrated by their reactivity with Ellman׳s reagent. Degradation of the Fab׳ fragments was observed with the monoclonal mouse antibodies after reduction with DTBA or DTT. In conclusion, DTBA is the more efficient reducing agent compared to DTT and MEA, however, the reduction process should be optimized as degradation of the Fab׳ fragments is possible. Dithiobutylamine (DTBA) is a relatively new reducing agent synthesized in 2012. Antibody cleavage efficiency was compared with DTT, MEA, and DTBA. DTBA was able to cleave monoclonal mouse and polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Fab׳ nucleophilic sulfides were preserved during the cleavage process. DTBA cleavage should be optimized as undesirable byproducts are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Crivianu-Gaita
- Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Michael Thompson
- Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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25
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Agarwal P, Bertozzi CR. Site-specific antibody-drug conjugates: the nexus of bioorthogonal chemistry, protein engineering, and drug development. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:176-92. [PMID: 25494884 PMCID: PMC4335810 DOI: 10.1021/bc5004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Antibody–drug
conjugates (ADCs) combine the specificity
of antibodies with the potency of small molecules to create targeted
drugs. Despite the simplicity of this concept, generation of clinically
successful ADCs has been very difficult. Over the past several decades,
scientists have learned a great deal about the constraints on antibodies,
linkers, and drugs as they relate to successful construction of ADCs.
Once these components are in hand, most ADCs are prepared by nonspecific
modification of antibody lysine or cysteine residues with drug-linker
reagents, which results in heterogeneous product mixtures that cannot
be further purified. With advances in the fields of bioorthogonal
chemistry and protein engineering, there is growing interest in producing
ADCs by site-specific conjugation to the antibody, yielding more homogeneous
products that have demonstrated benefits over their heterogeneous
counterparts in vivo. Here, we chronicle the development
of a multitude of site-specific conjugation strategies for assembly
of ADCs and provide a comprehensive account of key advances and their
roots in the fields of bioorthogonal chemistry and protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Agarwal
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Cell Biology and §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Abstract
The bioconjugation of an antibody to an enzymatic reporter such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) affords an effective mechanism by which immunoassay detection of a target antigen can be achieved. The use of heterobifunctional cross-linkers to covalently link antibodies to HRP provides a simple and convenient means to maintain antibody affinity while imparting a functional reporter used for antigen detection. In this chapter, we describe a process by which Sulfo-SMCC is used to generate a stable maleimide-activated HRP that is reactive with sulfhydryl groups generated in antibodies by SATA-mediated thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hnasko
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Unit (PSM), Western Regional Research Center (WRRC), Pacific West Area (PWA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, USA,
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Zeglis BM, Davis CB, Abdel-Atti D, Carlin SD, Chen A, Aggeler R, Agnew BJ, Lewis JS. Chemoenzymatic strategy for the synthesis of site-specifically labeled immunoconjugates for multimodal PET and optical imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2123-8. [PMID: 25418333 PMCID: PMC4334285 DOI: 10.1021/bc500499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
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The complementary nature of positron
emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI) has fueled increasing
interest in the development of multimodal PET/OI probes that can be
employed during the diagnosis, staging, and surgical treatment of
cancer. Due to their high selectivity and affinity, antibodies have
emerged as promising platforms for the development of hybrid PET/OI
agents. However, the lack of specificity of many bioconjugation reactions
can threaten immunoreactivity and lead to poorly defined constructs.
To circumvent this issue, we have developed a chemoenzymatic strategy
for the construction of multimodal PET/OI immunoconjugates that have
been site-specifically labeled on the heavy chain glycans. The methodology
consists of four steps: (1) the enzymatic removal of the terminal
galactose residues on the heavy chain glycans; (2) the enzymatic incorporation
of azide-bearing galactose (GalNAz) residues into the heavy chain
glycans; (3) the strain-promoted click conjugation of chelator- and
fluorophore-modified dibenzocyclooctynes to the azide-modified sugars;
and (4) the radiolabeling of the immunoconjugate. For proof-of-concept,
a model system was created using the colorectal cancer-targeting antibody
huA33, the chelator desferrioxamine (DFO), the positron-emitting radiometal 89Zr, and the near-infrared fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 680.
The bioconjugation strategy is robust and reproducible, reliably producing
well-defined and immunoreactive conjugates labeled with 89Zr, Alexa Fluor 680, or an easily and precisely tuned mixture of
the two reporters. In in vivo PET and fluorescence
imaging experiments, a hybrid 89Zr- and Alexa Fluor 680-labeled
huA33 conjugate displayed high levels of specific uptake (>45%
ID/g) in athymic nude mice bearing A33 antigen-expressing SW1222 colorectal
cancer xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10065, United States
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Site-directed antibody immobilization techniques for immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:460-71. [PMID: 23911661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensor sensitivity, regenerability, and stability directly depend on the type of antibodies used for the immunosensor design, quantity of immobilized molecules, remaining activity upon immobilization, and proper orientation on the sensing interface. Although sensor surfaces prepared with antibodies immobilized in a random manner yield satisfactory results, site-directed immobilization of the sensing molecules significantly improves the immunosensor sensitivity, especially when planar supports are employed. This review focuses on the three most conventional site-directed antibody immobilization techniques used in immunosensor design. One strategy of immobilizing antibodies on the sensor surface is via affinity interactions with a pre-formed layer of the Fc binding proteins, e.g., protein A, protein G, Fc region specific antibodies or various recombinant proteins. Another immobilization strategy is based on the use of chemically or genetically engineered antibody fragments that can be attached to the sensor surface covered in gold or self-assembled monolayer via the sulfhydryl groups present in the hinge region. The third most common strategy is antibody immobilization via an oxidized oligosaccharide moiety present in the Fc region of the antibody. The principles, advantages, applications, and arising problems of these most often applied immobilization techniques are reviewed.
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Zeglis BM, Davis CB, Aggeler R, Kang HC, Chen A, Agnew BJ, Lewis JS. Enzyme-mediated methodology for the site-specific radiolabeling of antibodies based on catalyst-free click chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1057-67. [PMID: 23688208 DOI: 10.1021/bc400122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme- and click chemistry-mediated methodology for the site-selective radiolabeling of antibodies on the heavy chain glycans has been developed and validated. To this end, a model system based on the prostate specific membrane antigen-targeting antibody J591, the positron-emitting radiometal (89)Zr, and the chelator desferrioxamine has been employed. The methodology consists of four steps: (1) the removal of sugars on the heavy chain region of the antibody to expose terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues; (2) the incorporation of azide-modified N-acetylgalactosamine monosaccharides into the glycans of the antibody; (3) the catalyst-free click conjugation of desferrioxamine-modified dibenzocyclooctynes to the azide-bearing sugars; and (4) the radiolabeling of the chelator-modified antibody with (89)Zr. The site-selective labeling methodology has proven facile, reproducible, and robust, producing (89)Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjguates that display high stability and immunoreactivity in vitro (>95%) in addition to highly selective tumor uptake (67.5 ± 5.0%ID/g) and tumor-to-background contrast in athymic nude mice bearing PSMA-expressing subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. Ultimately, this strategy could play a critical role in the development of novel well-defined and highly immunoreactive radioimmunoconjugates for both the laboratory and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology and the Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
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Secret E, Smith K, Dubljevic V, Moore E, Macardle P, Delalat B, Rogers ML, Johns TG, Durand JO, Cunin F, Voelcker NH. Antibody-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles for vectorization of hydrophobic drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23203914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP) functionalized with cancer cell targeting antibodies and loaded with the hydrophobic anti-cancer drug camptothecin. Orientated immobilization of the antibody on the pSiNP is achieved using novel semicarbazide based bioconjugate chemistry. To demonstrate the generality of this targeting approach, the three antibodies MLR2, mAb528 and Rituximab are used, which target neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and B lymphoma cells, respectively. Successful targeting is demonstrated by means of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry both with cell lines and primary cells. Cell viability assays after incubation with pSiNPs show selective killing of cells expressing the receptor corresponding to the antibody attached on the pSiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Secret
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, France
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Yewle JN, Puleo DA, Bachas LG. Bifunctional bisphosphonates for delivering PTH (1-34) to bone mineral with enhanced bioactivity. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Fischer-Durand N, Salmain M, Vessières A, Jaouen G. A new bioorthogonal cross-linker with alkyne and hydrazide end groups for chemoselective ligation. Application to antibody labelling. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Shrestha D, Bagosi A, Szöllősi J, Jenei A. Comparative study of the three different fluorophore antibody conjugation strategies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1449-63. [PMID: 22797718 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The progression in bioconjugational chemistry has significantly contributed to the evolution and success of protein biology. Mainly, antibody chemistry has been a subject of intensive study owing to the expansion of research areas warranted by using various derivatives of conjugated antibodies. Three reactive moieties (amine, sulfhydryl and carbohydrate) in the antibodies are chiefly favored for the conjugational purpose. This feature is known for decades, nevertheless, amine based conjugation is still the most preferred strategy despite the appreciation the other two methods receive in conserving the antigen binding affinity (ABA). No single report has been published, according to our knowledge, where these three conjugation strategies were applied to the same fluorophore antibody systems. In this study, we evaluated conjugation yield, time demand and cost efficiency of these conjugation procedures. Our results showed that amine based conjugations was by far the best technique due to its simplicity, rapidity, ease of operation, higher conjugate yield, cheaper cost and potential for larger fluorophore/protein labeling ratio without having much effect in ABA. Furthermore, sulfhydryl labeling clearly excelled in terms of reduced non-specific binding and mild effect in ABA but was usually complicated by an asymmetric antibody reduction due to mercaptoethylamine while carbohydrate oxidation based strategy performed the worst during our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shrestha
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Medina-Casanellas S, Benavente F, Barbosa J, Sanz-Nebot V. Preparation and evaluation of an immunoaffinity sorbent for the analysis of opioid peptides by on-line immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 717:134-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Targeting Antibodies to Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors by Pyrene Hydrazide Modification of Heavy Chain Carbohydrates. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/490175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) studies have used immobilized antibodies as the ligand binding moiety. However, antibodies are not optimal for CNT-FET detection due to their large size and charge. Their size can prevent ligands from reaching within the Debye length of the CNTs and a layer of charged antibodies on the circuits can drown out any ligand signal. In an attempt to minimize the antibody footprint on CNT-FETs, we examined whether pyrene hydrazide modification of antibody carbohydrates could reduce the concentration required to functionalize CNT circuits. The carbohydrates are almost exclusively on the antibody Fc region and this site-specific modification could mediate uniform antibody orientation on the CNTs. We compared the hydrazide modification of anti-E. coliO157:H7 polyclonal antibodies to pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester-coated CNTs and carbodiimide-mediated antibody CNT attachment. Our results show that the pyrene hydrazide modification was superior to those methods with respect to bacteria detection and less than 1 nM labeled antibody was required to functionalize the circuits.
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Fischer-Durand N, Salmain M, Rudolf B, Dai L, Jugé L, Guérineau V, Laprévote O, Vessières A, Jaouen G. Site-specific conjugation of metal carbonyl dendrimer to antibody and its use as detection reagent in immunoassay. Anal Biochem 2010; 407:211-9. [PMID: 20804720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the conjugation of polyclonal goat anti-rabbit antibody to generation 4 polyamidoamine (G4-PAMAM) dendrimers carrying (i) (η(5)-cyclopentadienyl) iron dicarbonyl succinimidato complexes as infrared (IR) probes, (ii) nitroaniline entities as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes, (iii) acetamide groups for surface neutralization, and (iv) hydrazide-terminated spacer arms for the reaction with aldehyde. To preserve a high binding affinity, the conjugation was performed on the carbohydrate moieties located on the Fc fragment. The resulting conjugates were characterized by Fourier transform-IR, ultraviolet (UV), and high-mass matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. On the basis of relative concentration ratios of IR probes and antibody, an average labeling of 30 IR probes per antibody was reached (i.e., more than twice the value obtained with our previous strategy that generated no spacer arm). Immunoassays revealed that the antibody-dendrimer conjugates retained 55.1% of immunoreactivity on average with respect to underivatized antibody. Finally, the conjugates were used to quantify their antigen by solid-phase carbonyl metallo immunoassay (CMIA). Results showed a significant enhancement of the IR signal, demonstrating the efficiency of the new conjugation strategy and the potential of the new antibody-dendrimer conjugates as universal immunoanalytical reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Chimie ParisTech (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris), Laboratoire Charles Friedel, CNRS UMR 7223, 75005 Paris, France
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38
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Han HJ, Kannan RM, Wang S, Mao G, Kusanovic JP, Romero R. Multifunctional Dendrimer-templated Antibody Presentation on Biosensor Surfaces for Improved Biomarker Detection. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2010; 20:409-421. [PMID: 26290658 PMCID: PMC4538936 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200901293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers, with their well-defined globular shape and a high density of functional groups, are ideal nanoscale materials for templating sensor surfaces. This work exploits dendrimers as a versatile platform for capturing biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity. Synthesis, characterization, fabrication, and functional validation of the dendrimer-based assay platform are described. Bifunctional hydroxyl/thiol functionalized G4-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is synthesized and immobilized on to the polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-functionalized assay plate by coupling PEG-maleimide and dendrimer thiol groups. Simultaneously, part of the dendrimer thiol groups are converted to hydrazide functionalities. The resulting dendrimer-modified surface is coupled to the capture antibody in the Fc region of the oxidized antibody. This preserves the orientation flexibility of the antigen binding region (Fv) of the antibody. To validate the approach, the fabricated plates are further used as a solid phase for developing a sandwich type ELISA to detect IL-6 and IL-1β, important biomarkers for early stages of chorioamnionitis. The dendrimer-modified plate provides assays with significantly enhanced sensitivity, lower nonspecific adsorption, and a detection limit of 0.13 pg ml-1 for IL-6 luminol detection and 1.15 pg ml-1 for IL-1β TMB detection, which are significantly better than those for the traditional ELISA. The assays were validated in human serum samples from normal (non-pregnant) woman and pregnant women with pyelonephritis. The specificity and the improved sensitivity of the dendrimer-based capture strategy could have significant implications for the detection of a wide range of cytokines and biomarkers since the capture strategy could be applied to multiplex microbead assays, conductometric immunosensors and field effect biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 (U. S. A.) and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, MI 48201 (U. S. A.)
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 (U. S. A.) and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, MI 48201 (U. S. A.)
| | - Sunxi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 (U. S. A.)
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 (U. S. A.)
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201 (U. S. A.)
| | - Roberto Romero
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, NIH, DHHS, Detroit, MI 48201 (U. S. A.)
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Pan L, Ren Y, Cui F, Xu Q. Viability and differentiation of neural precursors on hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:3207-20. [PMID: 19530168 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The traditional notion that injured neurons are unable to regenerate in the adult mammalian brain and spinal cord has long been a concern. This view has led to methodology designed to overcome this problem, most recently by advancements in tissue engineering. Here, neural precursor cells (NPCs) and the Nogo receptor antibody (NgR-Ab) or poly-L-lysine (PLL) were tested in concert with hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds (HA). In particular, we wished to optimize viability and differentiation of NPCs within HA hydrogel scaffolds. Our results show that HA hydrogels can be modified physically or chemically to improve NPCs attachment on the scaffolding doped with NgR-Ab or PLL. Both the HA hydrogels and their modifications support the viability of NPCs. NPCs were also able to differentiate into neurons and glial cells on HA hydrogels, although this was affected by the different modifications. Immunofluorescence showed that fewer beta-III-tubulin antibody and antineurofilament antibody-positive cells were found on HA-PLL hydrogel compared with HA or HA NgR-Ab hydrogels. This indicates that the PLL-modified HA hydrogels may inhibit differentiation of NPCs, whereas modification by NgR-Ab had no such effect. Finally, the NgR-Ab-modified HA scaffold can be used as not only a NPC delivery system but also a bioactive factor transportation system for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Pan
- Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of The Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wa C, Mallik R, Hage DS. Development of immunoaffinity restricted access media for rapid extractions of low-mass analytes. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8751-62. [PMID: 18937423 DOI: 10.1021/ac801233t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Restricted access media using antibodies as immobilized ligands were developed for the rapid and selective capture of small analytes by immunoextraction, giving rise to materials referred to as immunoaffinity restricted access media (IA-RAM). To make such a material, intact antibodies for the desired target were first immobilized onto porous silica, with antibodies at or near the outer surface of the support then being treated with papain (or a related agent) to release and remove their binding domains. The result was a support in which only antibodies deep within the pores remained intact and able to bind to the target. Items evaluated in the development of such media included the immobilization method used for the antibodies, the pore size of the support, and the amount of papain and time that were used for support treatment. A theoretical model was also developed to describe the extent of binding domain removal based on the measured polypeptide content of the IA-RAM support before and after treatment with papain. The final optimized conditions for making the IA-RAM supports were used to prepare columns that contained antifluorescein antibodies. Injections of fluorescein and fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin onto these IA-RAM columns gave selective and quantitative extraction of fluorescein in 1-2 s. This approach can be used with other antibodies and low-mass targets and should be valuable for such applications as the rapid separation of drugs from drug-protein complexes or the isolation of labeled/modified peptides from intact proteins that contain the same modification or label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
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Ulbrich K, Etrych T, Chytil P, Jelínková M, Ríhová B. Antibody-targeted Polymer–doxorubicin Conjugates with pH-controlled Activation. J Drug Target 2008; 12:477-89. [PMID: 15621674 DOI: 10.1080/10611860400011869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The paper is dealing with the synthesis and properties of new non-targeted or antibody-targeted polymer drug conjugates, bearing doxorubicin (DOX) attached via a spacer susceptible to pH-controlled hydrolysis (hydrazone conjugates), designed as anticancer drugs facilitating site-specific therapy. These conjugates are stable in a pH 7.4 buffer, modeling conditions during transport in the body, but release DOX and activate it inside target cells as a result of pH changes when going from outside to inside the cells. Conjugates containing an antibody directed against T lymphocytes bind effectively and specifically T cell lymphoma EL 4 cells. Cytotoxicity of the hydrazone conjugates is higher than that of classic conjugates, depending on the detailed structure of the polymer, the spacer between the drug and polymer carrier and method of antibody conjugation. Cytotoxicity of some of the conjugates is comparable even with that of the free drug. In both protective and therapeutic regimes of drug administration, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of the conjugates containing DOX was enhanced with long-term survivors (T-cell lymphoma EL 4, C57BL/6 mice) in comparison with much less effective free DOX or a classic P(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)HPMA-DOX conjugate (already clinically tested).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Sharon J, Puleo D. The use of N-terminal immobilization of PTH(1-34) on PLGA to enhance bioactivity. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3137-42. [PMID: 18448162 PMCID: PMC2692684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to control the orientation of bioactive molecules immobilized on a biodegradable substrate to improve their accessibility for binding to cell surface receptors and, therefore, to increase bioactivity. The osteotropic peptide, parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH(1-34)), was used to demonstrate the approach. To this end, the intrinsic N-terminal serine residue was oxidized to create an aldehyde group that specifically bound to hydrazide-derivatized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) under neutral conditions to form a hydrazone bond. Use of dihydrazide spacers significantly increased the amount of peptide immobilized compared to simple adsorption or direct, random attachment. In probing accessibility of immobilized PTH(1-34), attachment using longer dihydrazide spacers enhanced binding of an antibody against an epitope in the N-terminal region of the peptide. The longest spacer also increased binding of a C-terminal antibody. Furthermore, substrates with peptide tethered via spacers stimulated intracellular synthesis of cAMP, with activity increasing with dihydrazide length. PTH(1-34) immobilized using the longest spacer was significantly more effective than both random binding and adsorption. Site-directed binding of bioactive peptides to surfaces presents biomolecules for binding with cells so as to enhance interaction with receptors, and therefore the approach may be useful for obtaining preferred localized tissue responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Sharon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D.A. Puleo
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Song EQ, Wang GP, Xie HY, Zhang ZL, Hu J, Peng J, Wu DC, Shi YB, Pang DW. Visual Recognition and Efficient Isolation of Apoptotic Cells with Fluorescent-Magnetic-Biotargeting Multifunctional Nanospheres. Clin Chem 2007; 53:2177-85. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Fluorescent-magnetic-biotargeting multifunctional nanospheres are likely to find important applications in bioanalysis, biomedicine, and clinical diagnosis. We have been developing such multifunctional nanospheres for biomedical applications.
Methods: We covalently coupled avidin onto the surfaces of fluorescent-magnetic bifunctional nanospheres to construct fluorescent-magnetic-biotargeting trifunctional nanospheres and analyzed the functionality and specificity of these trifunctional nanospheres for their ability to recognize and isolate apoptotic cells labeled with biotinylated annexin V, which recognizes phosphatidylserine exposed on the surfaces of apoptotic cells.
Results: The multifunctional nanospheres can be used in combination with propidium iodide staining of nuclear DNA to identify cells at different phases of the apoptotic process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells induced by exposure to ultraviolet light can be isolated simply with a magnet from living cells at an efficiency of at least 80%; these cells can then be easily visualized with a fluorescence microscope.
Conclusions: Our results show that fluorescent-magnetic-biotargeting trifunctional nanospheres can be a powerful tool for rapidly recognizing, magnetically enriching and sorting, and simultaneously identifying different kinds of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Qun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dao-Cheng Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program on Cell Regulation and Metabolism, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Peoples Republic of China
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Roux C, Chai F, Ollivier N, Ochsenbein A, Winter S, Melnyk O, Hildebrand HF. Ti-Cp functionalization by deposition of organic/inorganic silica nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:549-54. [PMID: 17869178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In orthopaedics and cardiovascular surgery, titanium has become the metal of choice, due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In many surgical operations, chemicals and/or biomolecules (such as antibiotics or growth factors) are used in conjunction with prostheses, so as to avoid or stimulate targeted biological events. Often, immobilization instead of release of such molecules is preferred to optimize their effects, thus avoiding ectopic transformations. A versatile method for the functionalization of pure Ti is shown here, which allows the covalent immobilization of polypeptides. In order to avoid the hydrolysable Ti-O-Si bond found in directly silanized Ti, we use organic/inorganic silica colloids, derived from commercially available 25 nm Ludox silica nanoparticles. Prior to deposition onto Ti-Cp, the silica nanoparticles are functionalized by a propylsemicarbazide moiety by silanization. After spin-coating onto the Ti substrates, the colloids were shown by SEM to form a uniform layer, and to be very strongly adsorbed; the reactivity of the supported semicarbazide (Sc) functionalities being maintained. Chemoselective reaction of semicarbazide groups on the surface with aldehyde moieties present on the polypeptide of interest was chosen in this work due to its efficiency, to its compatibility with the proteinogenic amino acids and in particular cystein and to the use of mild experimental conditions. Aldehyde groups are also easily introduced onto polypeptides by synthesis, oxidation of N-terminal Ser residue or polysaccharide moieties of glycoproteins. Biological assays with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts revealed an excellent cytocompatibility as shown by the assessment of cell viability, vitality and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Roux
- CNRS UMR 8161, 1 rue du professeur Calmette, F-59021 Lille Cedex, France
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Heldt JM, Fischer-Durand N, Salmain M, Vessières A, Jaouen G. The Use of Glycidol to Introduce Aldehyde Functions Into Proteins – Application to the Fluorescent Labelling of Bovine Serum Albumin and Avidin. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Franco EJ, Hofstetter H, Hofstetter O. A comparative evaluation of random and site-specific immobilization techniques for the preparation of antibody-based chiral stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:1458-69. [PMID: 16894791 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, one random and four site-directed conjugation strategies were applied to immobilize an mAb, which stereoselectively binds to L-amino acids, onto silica particles. The resulting chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were used for enantiomer separation of the model-analyte D,L-phenylalanine and further examined in frontal affinity chromatography. Although random immobilization of the antibody onto discuccinimidyl carbonate-activated silica resulted in a CSP that enabled baseline separation of the enantiomers of D,L-phenylalanine, the amount of available binding sites was considerably lower compared to the CSPs prepared by site-directed strategies. Immobilization of antibody via its carbohydrate chains, either directly via hydrazone bonds between the support and the protein or indirectly via binding carbohydrate-biotinylated antibody to streptavidin-derivatized silica, resulted in medium column efficiencies. Higher amounts of available active sites were obtained by immobilizing the antibody indirectly through the "crystallizable fragment (Fc)" receptor protein A/G. The best results with regard to amount of available binding sites and column efficiency were obtained by first biotinylating the antibody specifically at its C-termini using carboxypeptidase Y and immobilizing the biotinylated antibody on streptavidin-derivatized silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Franco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2862, USA
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Abstract
Affinity monoliths based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate were developed for ultrafast immunoextractions. Rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-FITC antibodies were used as model ligands for this work. The antibody content of the monoliths was optimized by varying both the polymerization and immobilization conditions for preparing such supports. The temperature and porogen composition used during polymerization showed significant effects on monolith morphology and on the amount of antibodies that could be coupled to these materials. The effects of various immobilization procedures and coupling conditions were also evaluated, including the coupling temperature, pH, protein concentration, and use of high buffer concentrations. The maximum ligand density obtained for rabbit IgG was approximately 60 mg/g. When a 4.5 mm i.d. x 0.95 mm monolith disk containing anti-FITC antibodies was used, 95% extraction of fluorescein was achieved in 100 ms. These properties make such monoliths attractive for work in the rapid isolation of analytes from biological samples. Similar columns can be developed for other targets by varying the types of antibodies or binding agents placed within the monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
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Xu H, Zhao X, Grant C, Lu JR, Williams DE, Penfold J. Orientation of a monoclonal antibody adsorbed at the solid/solution interface: a combined study using atomic force microscopy and neutron reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6313-20. [PMID: 16800692 DOI: 10.1021/la0532454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Conformational orientations of a mouse monoclonal antibody to the beta unit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (anti-beta-hCG) at the hydrophilic silicon oxide/water interface were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and neutron reflectivity (NR). The surface structural characterization was conducted with the antibody concentration in solution ranging from 2 to 50 mg.L(-1) with the ionic strength kept at 20 mM and pH = 7.0. It was found that the antibody adopted a predominantly "flat-on" orientation, with the Fc and two Fab fragments lying flat on the surface. The AFM measurement revealed a thickness of 30-33 A of the layer formed in contact with 2 mg.L(-1) antibody in water, but, interestingly, the flat-on antibody molecules formed small nonuniform clusters equivalent to 2-15 antibody molecules. Parallel AFM scanning in air revealed even larger surface clusters, suggesting that surface drying induced further aggregation. The AFM study thus demonstrated that the interaction between protein and the hydrophilic surface is weak and indicated that surface aggregation can be driven by the attraction between neighboring protein molecules. NR measurements at the solid/water interface confirmed the flat-on layer orientation of adsorbed molecules over the entire concentration range studied. Thus, at 2 mg.L(-1), the adsorbed antibody layer was well represented by a uniform layer with a thickness of 40 A. This value is thicker than the 30-33 A observed from AFM, suggesting possible layer compression caused by the tip tapping. An increase in the antibody concentration to 10 mg.L(-1) led to increasing surface adsorption. The corresponding layer structure was well represented by a three-layer model consisting of an inner sublayer of 10 A, a middle sublayer of 30 A, and an outer sublayer of 25 A, with the protein volume fractions in each sublayer being 0.22, 0.42, and 0.10, respectively. The structural transition can be interpreted as a twisting and tilting of segments of the adsorbed molecules, driven by an electrostatic repulsion between them that increases with the surface packing density. Hindrance of antigen access to antibody binding sites, resulting from the change in surface packing, can account for the decrease in antigen binding capacity (AgBC) with increasing surface density of the antibody that is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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Zatloukalová E, Kucerová Z. Immunoaffinity carrier prepared by immobilization of antibodyvia Co3+-chelate. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1082-7. [PMID: 16830722 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method for the immobilization of antibodies to inert matrix represents an important factor that affects results of immunoaffinity chromatography. Binding antibodies to immobilized metal ions is an example of oriented immobilization that avoids a random coupling of a protein. Preparation of a stable immunoaffinity sorbent using immobilized metal ions was described. Antibodies were bound to chelated Co3+ ions that were prepared by oxidation of Co2+-iminodiacetic acid agarose using hydrogen peroxide. The formation of a stable complex of the antibody with immobilized Co3+ ions was proved. Antibodies bound by this way were not released with solutions of 50 mM EDTA, 6 M urea, 3 M NaCl, 20% v/v dioxane, 0.1 M imidazole and buffers of pH 2.5 and pH 11.0. If needed, antibody could be released from the carrier by the reduction of Co3+ ions with a reducing agent (e.g. dithiotreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol). Antibody released from the carrier could be then replaced by another antibody. The method described in this paper was used for the immobilization of polyclonal rabbit anti-ovalbumin antibody or egg yolk antibody (IgY) produced in chicken. In a model experiment, immobilized polyclonal rabbit antibodies were used for the separation of ovalbumin from egg white and conditions of chromatography were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zatloukalová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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