1
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Singh VP, Hirose S, Takemoto M, Farrag AMAS, Sato SI, Honjo T, Chamoto K, Uesugi M. Chemoproteomic Identification of Spermidine-Binding Proteins and Antitumor-Immunity Activators. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38848460 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immune therapies, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy, falter in aged individuals due to compromised T-cell immunity. Spermidine, a biogenic polyamine that declines along with aging, shows promise in restoring antitumor immunity by enhancing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Herein, we report a spermidine-based chemoproteomic probe (probe 2) that enables profiling of spermidine-binding proteins and screening for small-molecule enhancers of mitochondrial FAO. Chemoproteomic profiling by the probe revealed 140 proteins engaged in cellular interaction with spermidine, with a significant majority being mitochondrial proteins. Hydroxyl coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase subunits α (HADHA) and other lipid metabolism-linked proteins are among the mitochondrial proteins that have attracted considerable interest. Screening spermidine analogs with the probe led to the discovery of compound 13, which interacts with these lipid metabolism-linked proteins and activates HADHA. This simple and biostable synthetic compound we named "spermimic" mirrors spermidine's ability to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and displays similar effectiveness in augmenting PD-1 blockade therapy in mice. This study lays the foundation for developing small-molecule activators of antitumor immunity, offering potential in combination cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pal Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hirose
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Takemoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Asmaa M A S Farrag
- Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Division of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Division of Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8372, Japan
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2
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Holbert CE, Casero RA, Stewart TM. Polyamines: the pivotal amines in influencing the tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:173. [PMID: 38761252 PMCID: PMC11102423 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular proliferation, function and survival is reliant upon maintaining appropriate intracellular polyamine levels. Due to increased metabolic needs, cancer cells elevate their polyamine pools through coordinated metabolism and uptake. High levels of polyamines have been linked to more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) as polyamines support the growth and function of many immunosuppressive cell types such as MDSCs, macrophages and regulatory T-cells. As cancer cells and other pro-tumorigenic cell types are highly dependent on polyamines for survival, pharmacological modulation of polyamine metabolism is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. This review covers the roles of polyamines in various cell types of the TME including both immune and stromal cells, as well as how competition for nutrients, namely polyamine precursors, influences the cellular landscape of the TME. It also details the use of polyamines as biomarkers and the ways in which polyamine depletion can increase the immunogenicity of the TME and reprogram tumors to become more responsive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Chamoto K, Zhang B, Tajima M, Honjo T, Fagarasan S. Spermidine - an old molecule with a new age-defying immune function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:363-370. [PMID: 37723019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines - putrescine, spermidine, and spermine - are widely distributed aliphatic compounds known to regulate important biological processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, spermidine insufficiency is associated with various physio-pathological processes, such as aging and cancers. Recent advances in immuno-metabolism and immunotherapy shed new light on the role of spermidine in immune cell regulation and anticancer responses. Here, we review novel works demonstrating that spermidine is produced by collective metabolic pathways of gut bacteria, bacteria-host co-metabolism, and by the host cells, including activated immune cells. We highlight the effectiveness of spermidine in enhancing antitumor responses in aged animals otherwise nonresponsive to immune checkpoint therapy and propose that spermidine supplementation could be used to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Immuno-Oncology PDT, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Baihao Zhang
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tajima
- Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Šebela M, Rašková M. Polyamine-Derived Aminoaldehydes and Acrolein: Cytotoxicity, Reactivity and Analysis of the Induced Protein Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7429. [PMID: 37959847 PMCID: PMC10648994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines participate in the processes of cell growth and development. The degradation branch of their metabolism involves amine oxidases. The oxidation of spermine, spermidine and putrescine releases hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes have been found to be cytotoxic, and they represent the subject of this review. 3-aminopropanal disrupts the lysosomal membrane and triggers apoptosis or necrosis in the damaged cells. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, 3-aminopropanal yields acrolein through the elimination of ammonia. This reactive aldehyde is also generated by the decomposition of aminoaldehydes produced in the reaction of serum amine oxidase with spermidine or spermine. In addition, acrolein is a common environmental pollutant. It causes covalent modifications of proteins, including carbonylation, the production of Michael-type adducts and cross-linking, and it has been associated with inflammation-related diseases. APAL and acrolein are detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases and other mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochemistry and mass spectrometry have been largely used to analyze the presence of polyamine-derived aminoaldehydes and protein modifications elicited by their effect. However, the main and still open challenge is to find clues for discovering clear linkages between aldehyde-induced modifications of specific proteins and the development of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šebela
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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5
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Uemura T, Matsunaga M, Yokota Y, Takao K, Furuchi T. Inhibition of Polyamine Catabolism Reduces Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13397. [PMID: 37686212 PMCID: PMC10488189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population has necessitated the identification of effective anti-aging technologies based on scientific evidence. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential for cell growth and function. Age-related reductions in polyamine levels have been shown to be associated with reduced cognitive and physical functions. We have previously found that the expression of spermine oxidase (SMOX) increases with age; however, the relationship between SMOX expression and cellular senescence remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between increased SMOX expression and cellular senescence using human-liver-derived HepG2 cells. Intracellular spermine levels decreased and spermidine levels increased with the serial passaging of cells (aged cells), and aged cells showed increased expression of SMOX. The levels of acrolein-conjugated protein, which is produced during spermine degradation, also increases. Senescence-associated β-gal activity was increased in aged cells, and the increase was suppressed by MDL72527, an inhibitor of acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO) and SMOX, both of which are enzymes that catalyze polyamine degradation. DNA damage accumulated in aged cells and MDL72527 reduced DNA damage. These results suggest that the SMOX-mediated degradation of spermine plays an important role in cellular senescence. Our results demonstrate that cellular senescence can be controlled by inhibiting spermine degradation using a polyamine-catabolizing enzyme inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); (T.F.)
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6
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Sanayama H, Ito K, Ookawara S, Uemura T, Sakiyama Y, Sugawara H, Tabei K, Igarashi K, Soda K. Whole Blood Spermine/Spermidine Ratio as a New Indicator of Sarcopenia Status in Older Adults. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051403. [PMID: 37239074 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with sarcopenia. The natural polyamines spermine and spermidine are involved in many physiological activities. Therefore, we investigated blood polyamine levels as a potential biomarker for sarcopenia. Subjects were Japanese patients >70 years of age who visited outpatient clinics or resided in nursing homes. Sarcopenia was determined based on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (2019). The analysis included 182 patients (male: 38%, age: 83 [76-90] years). Spermidine levels were higher (p = 0.002) and the spermine/spermidine ratio was lower (p < 0.001) in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. Polyamine concentration analysis showed that the odds ratios for age and spermidine changed in parallel with sarcopenia progression, and the odds ratio for the spermine/spermidine ratio changed inversely with the degree of sarcopenia progression. Additionally, when the odds ratio was analyzed with spermine/spermidine instead of polyamine concentrations, only for spermine/spermidine, the odds ratio values varied in parallel with the progression of sarcopenia. Based on the present data, we believe that the blood spermine/spermidine ratio may be a diagnostic indicator of risk for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Sanayama
- Division of Neurology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Ito
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama 330-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakiyama
- Division of Neurology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tabei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Minamiuonuma City Hospital, Niigata 949-6680, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Soda
- Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Saitama Ken-o Hospital, Saitama 363-0008, Japan
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7
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Aihara S, Torisu K, Hirashima Y, Kitazono T, Nakano T. Acrolein produced during acute kidney injury promotes tubular cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:137-145. [PMID: 37187091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is an important global health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Polyamines, essential for cell growth and proliferation, are known to inhibit cardiovascular disease. However, under conditions of cellular damage, toxic acrolein is produced from polyamines by the enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX). We used a mouse renal ischemia-reperfusion model and human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) to investigate whether acrolein exacerbates acute kidney injury by renal tubular cell death. Acrolein visualized by acroleinRED was increased in ischemia-reperfusion kidneys, particularly in tubular cells. When HK-2 cells were cultured under 1% oxygen for 24 h, then switched to 21% oxygen for 24 h (hypoxia-reoxygenation), acrolein accumulated and SMOX mRNA and protein levels were increased. Acrolein induced cell death and fibrosis-related TGFB1 mRNA in HK-2 cells. Administration of the acrolein scavenger cysteamine suppressed the acrolein-induced upregulation of TGFB1 mRNA. Cysteamine also inhibited a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential observed by MitoTrackerCMXRos, and cell death induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of SMOX also suppressed hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced acrolein accumulation and cell death. Our study suggests that acrolein exacerbates acute kidney injury by promoting tubular cell death during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Treatment to control the accumulation of acrolein might be an effective therapeutic option for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Hirashima
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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8
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Uemura T, Uchida M, Nakamura M, Shimekake M, Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Higashi K, Ishii I, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. A search for acrolein scavengers among food components. Amino Acids 2023; 55:509-518. [PMID: 36752871 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain stroke is a major cause of being bedridden for elderly people, and preventing stroke is important for maintaining quality of life (QOL). Acrolein is a highly reactive aldehyde and causes tissue damage during stroke. Decreasing acrolein toxicity ameliorates tissue injury during brain stroke. In this study, we tried to identify food components which decrease acrolein toxicity. We found that 2-furanmethanethiol, cysteine methyl and ethyl esters, alliin, lysine and taurine decreased acrolein toxicity. These compounds neutralized acrolein by direct interaction. However, the interaction between acrolein and taurine was not so strong. Approximately 30 mM taurine was necessary to interact with 10 μM acrolein, and 2 g/kg taurine was necessary to decrease the size of mouse brain infarction. Taurine also slightly increased polyamine contents, which are involved in decrease in the acrolein toxicity. Mitochondrial potential damage by acrolein was also protected by taurine. Our results indicate that daily intake of foods containing 2-furanmethanethiol, cysteine methyl and ethyl esters, alliin, lysine and taurine may prevent severe injury in brain stroke and improve the quality of life for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakamura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Momo Shimekake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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9
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Molecular Characteristics of Toxicity of Acrolein Produced from Spermine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020298. [PMID: 36830667 PMCID: PMC9952977 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein (CH2=CH-CHO), an unsaturated aldehyde produced from spermine, is one of the major contributors to oxidative stress. Acrolein has been found to be more toxic than reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and •OH), and it can be easily conjugated with proteins, bringing about changes in nature of the proteins. Acrolein is detoxified by glutathione in cells and was found to be mainly produced from spermine through isolating two cell lines of acrolein-resistant Neuro2a cells. The molecular characteristics of acrolein toxicity and tissue damage elicited by acrolein were investigated. It was found that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); cytoskeleton proteins such as vimentin, actin, α- and β-tubulin proteins; and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB100) in LDL are strongly damaged by acrolein conjugation. In contrast, activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and proheparanase (proHPSE) are enhanced, and antibody-recognizing abilities of immunoglobulins are modified by acrolein conjugation, resulting in aggravation of diseases. The functional changes of these proteins by acrolein have been elucidated at the molecular level. The findings confirmed that acrolein is the major contributor causing tissue damage in the elderly.
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10
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Gokce S, Herkiloglu D, Cevik O, Turan V. Evaluation of Intrafollicular Syndecan 1, Glypican 3, and Spermidine Levels in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:569-575. [PMID: 36131221 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the levels of Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and Glypican 3 (GPC3) in the follicle fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to examine the relationship of these markers with the number of embryos and clinical pregnancy. A total of 27 women with DOR and 34 women with normal ovarian reserve who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure were included in this prospectively designed study. Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels were studied in the follicle fluid samples taken from the women at the time of oocyte retrieval by ELISA method, and their relations with the cycle outcomes were examined. The mean age was found as 38.1 ± 7.4 years in the DOR group and 35.1 ± 5.2 years in the control group (p = 0.027). When adjusted for age and body mass index, while the median Spermidine level was significantly higher (p < 0.001), both Syndecan 1 (p < 0.001) and GPC3 (p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the DOR group compared with control group. The cut-off value of Spermidine for clinical pregnancy prediction was found as 74.08 ng/mL with 78.9% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.621; p = 0.138], while it was 0.96 ng/mL with 84.2% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity [OR: 7.8 (95% CI: 2-31.1); AUC: 0.701; p = 0.004] for GP3 and 1.15 ng/mL with 78.9 sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.680; p = 0.009] for Syndecan 1. Intrafollicular spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels may have a role in ovarian aging. Further randomized controlled studies in a larger population are needed for the relationship of these markers with cycle and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefik Gokce
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Hospital of Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilsad Herkiloglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Hospital of Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Volkan Turan
- Istanbul Health and Technology University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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11
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Yoshida M, Uemura T, Mizoi M, Waragai M, Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Urinary Amino Acid-Conjugated Acrolein and Taurine as New Biomarkers for Detection of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:361-369. [PMID: 36744340 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is one of the serious diseases at advanced age, and its early detection is important for maintaining quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought novel biomarkers for dementia in urine. METHODS Samples of urine were collected from 57 control subjects without dementia, 62 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 42 AD patients. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was evaluated when subjects were examined by medical doctors. Urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) was measured using N ɛ-(3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropiperidine) lysine (FDP-Lys) ELISA kit, and taurine content was measured using a taurine assay kit. Values were normalized by creatinine content which was measured with the colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS We found that urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) and taurine negatively correlated with MMSE score and are significantly lower in dementia patients compared to the normal subjects. When AC-Acro and taurine were evaluated together with age using an artificial neural network model, median relative risk values for subjects with AD, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and control subjects were 0.96, 0.53, and 0.06, respectively. CONCLUSION Since urine is relatively easy to collect, our findings provide a novel biomarker for dementia without invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Yoshida
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Mizoi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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12
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The Impact of Spermidine on C2C12 Myoblasts Proliferation, Redox Status and Polyamines Metabolism under H2O2 Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910986. [PMID: 36232289 PMCID: PMC9569770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A central feature of the skeletal muscle is its ability to regenerate through the activation, by environmental signals, of satellite cells. Once activated, these cells proliferate as myoblasts, and defects in this process profoundly affect the subsequent process of regeneration. High levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the consequent formation of oxidized macromolecules increase myoblasts’ cell death and strongly contribute to the loss of myoblast function. Recently, particular interest has turned towards the beneficial effects on muscle of the naturally occurring polyamine spermidine (Spd). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Spd, upon oxidative challenge, would restore the compromised myoblasts’ viability and redox status. The effects of Spd in combination with aminoguanidine (Spd-AG), an inhibitor of bovine serum amine oxidase, on murine C2C12 myoblasts treated with a mild dose of H2O2 were evaluated by analyzing: (i) myoblast viability and recovery from wound scratch; (ii) redox status and (iii) polyamine (PAs) metabolism. The treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with Spd-AG increased cell number and accelerated scratch wound closure, while H2O2 exposure caused redox status imbalance and cell death. The combined treatment with Spd-AG showed an antioxidant effect on C2C12 myoblasts, partially restoring cellular total antioxidant capacity, reducing the oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and increasing cell viability through a reduction in cell death. Moreover, Spd-AG administration counteracted the induction of polyamine catabolic genes and PA content decreased due to H2O2 challenges. In conclusion, our data suggest that Spd treatment has a protective role in skeletal muscle cells by restoring redox balance and promoting recovery from wound scratches, thus making myoblasts able to better cope with an oxidative insult.
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Harms M, von Maltitz P, Groß R, Mayer B, Deniz M, Müller J, Münch J. Utilization of Aminoguanidine Prevents Cytotoxic Effects of Semen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158563. [PMID: 35955696 PMCID: PMC9369337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of human semen in cell or tissue culture are hampered by the high cytotoxic activity of this body fluid. The components responsible for the cell damaging activity of semen are amine oxidases, which convert abundant polyamines, such as spermine or spermidine in seminal plasma into toxic intermediates. Amine oxidases are naturally present at low concentrations in seminal plasma and at high concentrations in fetal calf serum, a commonly used cell culture supplement. Here, we show that, in the presence of fetal calf serum, seminal plasma, as well as the polyamines spermine and spermidine, are highly cytotoxic to immortalized cells, primary blood mononuclear cells, and vaginal tissue. Thus, experiments investigating the effect of polyamines and seminal plasma on cellular functions should be performed with great caution, considering the confounding cytotoxic effects. The addition of the amine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine to fetal calf serum and/or the utilization of serum-free medium greatly reduced this serum-induced cytotoxicity of polyamines and seminal plasma in cell lines, primary cells, and tissues and, thus, should be implemented in all future studies analyzing the role of polyamines and semen on cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (P.v.M.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Pascal von Maltitz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (P.v.M.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (P.v.M.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Miriam Deniz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Janis Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (P.v.M.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (P.v.M.); (R.G.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Polyamines and Their Metabolism: From the Maintenance of Physiological Homeostasis to the Mediation of Disease. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10030038. [PMID: 35893120 PMCID: PMC9326668 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic molecules. They are critical in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein structures, protein synthesis, protein and nucleic acid interactions, oxidative balance, and cell proliferation. Cellular polyamine levels are tightly controlled through their import, export, de novo synthesis, and catabolism. Enzymes and enzymatic cascades involved in polyamine metabolism have been well characterized. This knowledge has been used for the development of novel compounds for research and medical applications. Furthermore, studies have shown that disturbances in polyamine levels and their metabolic pathways, as a result of spontaneous mutations in patients, genetic engineering in mice or experimentally induced injuries in rodents, are associated with multiple maladaptive changes. The adverse effects of altered polyamine metabolism have also been demonstrated in in vitro models. These observations highlight the important role these molecules and their metabolism play in the maintenance of physiological normalcy and the mediation of injury. This review will attempt to cover the extensive and diverse knowledge of the biological role of polyamines and their metabolism in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and the mediation of tissue injury.
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Alfarhan M, Liu F, Shan S, Pichavaram P, Somanath PR, Narayanan SP. Pharmacological Inhibition of Spermine Oxidase Suppresses Excitotoxicity Induced Neuroinflammation in Mouse Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2133. [PMID: 35216248 PMCID: PMC8875684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine oxidation plays a major role in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that spermine oxidase (SMOX, a member of the polyamine oxidase family) inhibition using MDL 72527 reduced neurodegeneration in models of retinal excitotoxicity and diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanisms behind the neuroprotection offered by SMOX inhibition are not completely studied. Utilizing the experimental model of retinal excitotoxicity, the present study determined the impact of SMOX blockade in retinal neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrated upregulation in the number of cells positive for Iba-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), CD (Cluster Differentiation) 68, and CD16/32 in excitotoxicity-induced retinas, while MDL 72527 treatment reduced these changes, along with increases in the number of cells positive for Arginase1 and CD206. When retinal excitotoxicity upregulated several pro-inflammatory genes, MDL 72527 treatment reduced many of them and increased anti-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, SMOX inhibition upregulated antioxidant signaling (indicated by elevated Nrf2 and HO-1 levels) and reduced protein-conjugated acrolein in excitotoxic retinas. In vitro studies using C8-B4 cells showed changes in cellular morphology and increased reactive oxygen species formation in response to acrolein (a product of SMOX activity) treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that the inhibition SMOX pathway reduced neuroinflammation and upregulated antioxidant signaling in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaddey Alfarhan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.A.); (F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- Research Division, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.A.); (F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- Research Division, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Shengshuai Shan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.A.); (F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | | | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.A.); (F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- Research Division, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (M.A.); (F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- Research Division, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
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Banerji R, Iyer P, Saroj SD. Spermidine enhances the survival of Streptococcus pyogenes M3 under oxidative stress. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:53-62. [PMID: 34994090 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, a host-restricted gram-positive pathogen during infection, initially adheres to the epithelia of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract of the human host, followed by disseminating to other organs and evading the host immune system. Upon phagocytosis, S. pyogenes encounters oxidative stress inside the macrophages. The role of polyamines in regulating various physiological functions including stress resistance in bacteria has been reported widely. Since S. pyogenes lacks the machinery for the biosynthesis of polyamines, the study aimed to understand the role of extracellular polyamines in the survival of S. pyogenes under oxidative stress environments. S. pyogenes being a catalase-negative organism, we report that its survival within the macrophages and H2 O2 is enhanced by the presence of spermidine. The increased survival can be attributed to the upregulation of oxidative stress response genes such as sodM, npx, and mtsABC. In addition, spermidine influences the upregulation of virulence factors such as sagA, slo, and hasA. Also, spermidine leads to a decrease in hydrophobicity of the cell membrane and an increase in hyaluronic acid. This study suggests a role for extracellular spermidine in the survival of S. pyogenes under oxidative stress environments. Recognizing the factors that modulate S. pyogenes survival and virulence under stress will assist in understanding its interactions with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Banerji
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parvati Iyer
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Minamisawa M, Sato Y, Ishiguro E, Taniai T, Sakamoto T, Kawai G, Saito T, Saido TC. Amelioration of Alzheimer's Disease by Gut-Pancreas-Liver-Brain Interaction in an App Knock-In Mouse Model. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:34. [PMID: 35054427 PMCID: PMC8778338 DOI: 10.3390/life12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed disease progression, changes in the gut microbiota, and interactions among the brain, liver, pancreas, and intestine in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in addition to attempting to inhibit disease progression through the dietary supplementation of L-arginine and limonoids. Wild-type mice (WC) and AD mice were fed a normal diet (AC), a diet supplemented with L-arginine and limonoids (ALA), or a diet containing only limonoids (AL) for 12-64 weeks. The normal diet-fed WC and AC mice showed a decrease in the diversity of the gut microbiota, with an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and bacterial translocation. Considerable bacterial translocation to the pancreas and intense inflammation of the pancreas, liver, brain, and intestinal tissues were observed in the AC mice from alterations in the gut microbiota. The ALA diet or AL diet-fed mice showed increased diversity of the bacterial flora and suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in hepatocytes and pancreatic cells, bacterial translocation, and neurodegeneration of the brain. These findings suggest that L-arginine and limonoids help in maintaining the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, pancreas, liver, brain, and gut in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Minamisawa
- Department of Life Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Chiba 275-0016, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.S.); (G.K.)
- Education Center, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba 275-0023, Japan;
| | - Yuma Sato
- Department of Life Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Chiba 275-0016, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.S.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Tetsuyuki Taniai
- Education Center, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba 275-0023, Japan;
| | - Taiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Life Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Chiba 275-0016, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Gota Kawai
- Department of Life Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Chiba 275-0016, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.S.); (T.C.S.)
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.S.); (T.C.S.)
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Cardona-Cardona YV, Regla I, Juárez-Díaz JA, Carrillo-Campos J, López-Ortiz M, Aguilera-Cruz A, Mújica-Jiménez C, Muñoz-Clares RA. The critical role of the aldehyde dehydrogenase PauC in spermine, spermidine, and diaminopropane toxicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Its possible use as a drug target. FEBS J 2021; 289:2685-2705. [PMID: 34767295 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits great resistance to antibiotics; so, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Since polyamines levels are incremented in infected tissues, we explored whether the formation of a toxic aldehyde in polyamines degradation can be exploited in combating infection. We cloned the gene encoding the only aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in P. aeruginosa polyamines-degradation routes, PaPauC, overexpressed this enzyme, and found that it oxidizes 3-aminopropionaldehyde (APAL) and 3-glutamyl-3-aminopropionaldehyde (GluAPAL) - produced in spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and diaminopropane (Dap) degradation, as well as 4-aminobutyraldehyde (ABAL) and 4-glutamyl-4-aminobutyraldehyde (GluABAL) - formed in putrescine (Put) degradation. As the catalytic efficiency of PaPauC with APAL was 30-times lower than with GluAPAL, and GluAPAL is predominantly formed, APAL will be poorly oxidized 'in vivo'. We found polyamines-induced increases in the PaPauC activity of cell crude-extracts and in the expression of the PapauC gene that were diminished by glucose. Spm, Spd, or Dap, but not Put, were toxic to P. aeruginosa even in the presence of other carbon and nitrogen sources, particularly to a strain with the PapauC gene disrupted. APAL, but not GluAPAL, was highly toxic even to wild-type cells, suggesting that its accumulation, particularly in the absence of, or low, PaPauC activity is responsible for the toxicity of Spm, Spd, and Dap. Our results shed light on the toxicity mechanism of these three polyamines and strongly support the critical role of PaPauC in this toxicity. Thus, PaPauC emerges as a novel potential drug target whose inhibition might help in combating infection by this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudy V Cardona-Cardona
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Regla
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Andrés Juárez-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Carrillo-Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Manuel López-Ortiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Aguilera-Cruz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Mújica-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosario A Muñoz-Clares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Nilson R, Lübbers O, Weiß L, Singh K, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Krutzke L, Kochanek S, Kritzinger A. Transduction Enhancers Enable Efficient Human Adenovirus Type 5-Mediated Gene Transfer into Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061136. [PMID: 34204818 PMCID: PMC8231506 DOI: 10.3390/v13061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are currently developed as cell therapeutics for different applications, including regenerative medicine, immune modulation, and cancer treatment. The biological properties of hMSCs can be further modulated by genetic engineering. Viral vectors based on human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) belong to the most frequently used vector types for genetic modification of human cells in vitro and in vivo. However, due to a lack of the primary attachment receptor coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in hMSCs, HAdV-5 vectors are currently not suitable for transduction of this cell type without capsid modification. Here we present several transduction enhancers that strongly enhance HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer into both bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived hMSCs. Polybrene, poly-l-lysine, human lactoferrin, human blood coagulation factor X, spermine, and spermidine enabled high eGFP expression levels in hMSCs. Importantly, hMSCs treated with enhancers were not affected in their migration behavior, which is a key requisite for many therapeutic applications. Exemplary, strongly increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) (a secreted model therapeutic protein) was achieved by enhancer-facilitated HAdV-5 transduction. Thus, enhancer-mediated HAdV-5 vector transduction is a valuable method for the engineering of hMSCs, which can be further exploited for the development of innovative hMSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Olivia Lübbers
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Linus Weiß
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.S.); (K.S.-K.)
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.S.); (K.S.-K.)
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.R.); (H.S.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany;
| | | | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-73150046103
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.N.); (O.L.); (L.W.); (L.K.); (A.K.)
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Jiang D, Jiang Y, Long S, Chen Z, Li Y, Mo G, Bai L, Hao X, Yan Y, Li L, Han C, Hu S, Zhao H, Kang B. Spermidine at supraphysiological doses induces oxidative stress and granulosa cell apoptosis in mouse ovaries. Theriogenology 2021; 168:25-32. [PMID: 33845261 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given that spermidine is associated with aging-related diseases and it is a potential target for delaying aging, functional studies on supraphysiological levels of spermidine are required. Our previous studies showed that the granulosa layer arranged irregular and the follicular oocytes were shrunk in female mice injected intraperitoneally with spermidine at 150 mg/kg (Body weight) after 24 h. It indicated that supraphysiological levels of spermidine induced ovarian damage in female mice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of acute administration of supraphysiological spermidine on the ovary and granulosa cells in mice. The results showed that treatment with spermidine at 150 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) significantly increased the levels of both H2O2 and malondialdehyde and reduced total antioxidant capacity and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in mouse ovaries. The contents of putrescine and spermine increased significantly in the ovaries of mice treated with spermidine. Treatment with spermidine at 150 mg/kg increased the apoptotic rate and reactive oxygen species levels of granulosa cells in mouse ovaries. Furthermore, the protein expression of P53, CASPASE 8 (Cleaved/Pro), CASPASE 9 (Cleaved/Pro) and CASPASE 3 (Cleaved/Pro) in granulosa cells of mice treated with spermidine were significantly upregulated, while BCL2 expression was significantly downregulated. In summary, our study demonstrates for the first time that spermidine at supraphysiological doses causes ovarian oxidative stress and induces granulosa cell apoptosis via the P53 and/or BCL2-CASPASEs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyun Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanling Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University &, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, China
| | - Guilin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunchun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Acrolein: A Potential Mediator of Oxidative Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111579. [PMID: 33233661 PMCID: PMC7699716 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults. Extensive evidences have documented that oxidative stress mediates a critical role in the pathogenesis of DR. Acrolein, a product of polyamines oxidation and lipid peroxidation, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Acrolein’s harmful effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, inflammation, ROS formation, protein adduction, membrane disruption, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent investigations have reported the involvement of acrolein in the pathogenesis of DR. These studies have shown a detrimental effect of acrolein on the retinal neurovascular unit under diabetic conditions. The current review summarizes the existing literature on the sources of acrolein, the impact of acrolein in the generation of oxidative damage in the diabetic retina, and the mechanisms of acrolein action in the pathogenesis of DR. The possible therapeutic interventions such as the use of polyamine oxidase inhibitors, agents with antioxidant properties, and acrolein scavengers to reduce acrolein toxicity are also discussed.
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Uemura T, Suzuki T, Ko K, Nakamura M, Dohmae N, Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Toida T, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Structural change and degradation of cytoskeleton due to the acrolein conjugation with vimentin and actin during brain infarction. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:414-421. [PMID: 33070462 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have found recently that dendritic spine extension is inhibited through acrolein conjugation with α- and β-tubulin proteins during brain infarction. In this current study, we looked for other acrolein-conjugated proteins in the 100,000g precipitate fraction, to clarify how cytoskeleton structure is modified by acrolein. Acrolein-conjugated proteins were sought from acrolein-treated mouse FM3A and Neuro2a cells and from tissues isolated from mouse brain infarction. It was found that vimentin was conjugated with acrolein, and the conjugated amino acid residue was Cys328, which is the only Cys residue in vimentin. It was also found that Cys207, 257, 285, and Lys118 in actin, another cytoskeleton protein, were conjugated with acrolein. The structure and localization of vimentin and actin filaments were changed greatly in infarct brain in photochemically induced thrombosis model mice and in acrolein-treated Neuro2a cells. In addition, degradation of cytoskeleton proteins was accelerated in the order vimentin > tubulin > actin in mouse brain infarction. These findings indicate that a dysfunction of the cytoskeleton by acrolein is strongly involved in the tissue damage during brain infarction, together with the apoptosis caused by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and protein degradation by matrix metalloproteinase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Ko
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakamura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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23
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Murata M, Noda K, Ishida S. Pathological Role of Unsaturated Aldehyde Acrolein in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589531. [PMID: 33193419 PMCID: PMC7642371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing prevalence of diabetes and a progressively aging society, diabetic retinopathy is emerging as one of the global leading causes of blindness. Recent studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and anti-VEGF agents have become the first-line therapy for the vision-threatening disease. However, recent studies have also demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disease and that VEGF-independent mechanism(s) also underlie much of the pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy. Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde and is implicated in protein dysfunction. As acrolein is common in air pollutants, previous studies have focused on it as an exogenous causative factor, for instance, in the development of respiratory diseases. However, it has been discovered that acrolein is also endogenously produced and induces cell toxicity and oxidative stress in the body. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that acrolein and/or acrolein-conjugated proteins are associated with the molecular mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy. This review summarizes the pathological roles and mechanisms of endogenous acrolein production in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology & Visual Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Banerji R, Kanojiya P, Patil A, Saroj SD. Polyamines in the virulence of bacterial pathogens of respiratory tract. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 36:1-11. [PMID: 32979241 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are positively charged hydrocarbons that are essential for the growth and cellular maintenance in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Polyamines have been demonstrated to play a role in bacterial pathogenicity and biofilm formation. However, the role of extracellular polyamines as a signaling molecule in the regulation of virulence is not investigated in detail. The bacterial pathogens residing in the respiratory tract remain asymptomatic for an extended period; however, the factors that lead to symptomatic behavior are poorly understood. Further investigation to understand the relation between the host-secreted factors and virulence of pathogenic bacteria in the respiratory tract may provide insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections. Polyamines produced within the bacterial cell are generally sequestered. Therefore, the pool of extracellular polyamines formed by secretion of the commensals and the host may be one of the signaling molecules that might contribute toward the alterations in the expression of virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. Besides, convergent mechanisms of polyamine biosynthesis do exist across the border of species and genus level. Also, several novel polyamine transporters in the host and bacteria remain yet to be identified. The review focuses on the role of polyamines in the expression of virulence phenotypes and biofilm formation of the respiratory tract pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Banerji
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Poonam Kanojiya
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Amrita Patil
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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25
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Kobayashi M, Watanabe K, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Fujiyoshi M, Uchida M, Suzuki T, Igarashi K, Ishii I. Analysis of the acrolein-modified sites of apolipoprotein B-100 in LDL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158809. [PMID: 32919080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that acrolein-conjugated low-density lipoprotein (Acro-LDL) uptake by scavenger receptor class A type 1 (SR-A1) can mediate macrophage foam cell formation. The purpose of this study was to determine which amino acid residues of apoB protein in LDL are conjugated with acrolein. Acro-apoB was prepared by incubation of LDL with acrolein (10 to 60 μM) at 37 °C for 7 days. Identification of acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues in apoB was performed using LC-MS/MS. The levels of acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues of apoB as well as crosslinking apoB increased in proportion to acrolein concentration. The level of LDL uptake by macrophages was parallel with the acrolein-conjugated monomer apoB. Acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues in apoB were C212, K327, K742, K949, K1087, H1923, K2634, K3237 and K3846. The NH2-teriminal four amino acid residues (C212, K327, K742 and K949) were located at the scavenger receptor SR-A1 recognition site, suggesting that these four acrolein-conjugated amino acids are involved in the rapid uptake of Acro-LDL by macrophages. It is proposed that the rapid uptake of LDL by macrophages is dependent on acrolein conjugation of four amino acids residues at the scavenger receptor recognition site of apoB in LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kobayashi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- RIKEN Center Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masachika Fujiyoshi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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26
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Sakamoto A, Uemura T, Terui Y, Yoshida M, Fukuda K, Nakamura T, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Development of an ELISA for Measurement of Urinary 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid (3-HPMA), the Marker of Stroke. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8030033. [PMID: 32824278 PMCID: PMC7564686 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed an inverse correlation between stroke and urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), an acrolein-glutathione metabolite, through its measurement by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, the cost of equipment for LC-MS/MS and its maintenance fee is very expensive and a cost-efficient method is required. In this study, we have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to measure 3-HPMA using a chicken antibody recognizing 3-HPMA-conjugated chicken albumin as antigen. Linearity to measure 3-HPMA was obtained from 0 to 10 μM, indicating that this ELISA system is useful for measurement of urine 3-HPMA. It was confirmed that 3-HPMA in urine of stroke patients decreased significantly compared with that of control subjects using the ELISA system. Using the ELISA kit, it became possible to evaluate the risk of brain stroke by not only plasma but also by urine. These results confirm that shortage of glutathione to detoxify acrolein is one of the major causes of stroke incidence. Our method contributes to maintenance of quality of life (QOL) of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan; (A.S.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; (T.U.); (M.Y.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan; (A.S.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Madoka Yoshida
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; (T.U.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Chiba Central Medical Center, 1835-1 Kasori-cho, Wakaba-ku, Chiba 264-0017, Japan; (K.F.); (T.N.)
| | - Takao Nakamura
- Chiba Central Medical Center, 1835-1 Kasori-cho, Wakaba-ku, Chiba 264-0017, Japan; (K.F.); (T.N.)
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan; (A.S.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; (T.U.); (M.Y.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-224-7500; Fax: +81-43-379-1050
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27
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Kawabata C, Nagasawa T, Ono M, Tarumoto N, Katoh N, Hotta Y, Kawano H, Igarashi K, Shiokawa K, Nishimura K. Plasma acrolein level in rheumatoid arthritis increases independently of the disease characteristics. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:357-364. [PMID: 32463710 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1775921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify whether plasma acrolein level actually increases in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to elucidate whether any relationship exists between the levels and the RA background variables. METHODS Plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) in 84 patients (RA group) and 298 normal individuals (Control group) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. The data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon rank-sum test, multiple logistic regression analyses and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The RA group showed significantly higher PC-Acro levels than the Control group (median [interquartile range]: 80.5 [63.2-105.2] and 65.9 [58.9-78.1] nmol/ml, respectively). Of background factors giving influence to PC-Acro level in the combination of the two groups, 'diagnosis of RA positive' indicated strong correlation to high PC-Acro level (odds ratio: 2.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.71). These increases of PC-Acro in the RA patients did not correlate to their disease duration and/or inflammatory variables: PC-Acro level could elevate even in early RA patients showing negative inflammatory findings. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of PC-Acro increased with RA, but the levels did not correlate with RA background variables. This report provides the basis for further studies of early diagnosis of RA as well as its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kawabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toru Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagayoshi Tarumoto
- Department of Judo Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narutaka Katoh
- Department of Traumatology, Fukushima Medical University/Trauma & Reconstruction Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital., Fukushima, Japan.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aisei Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hotta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiokawa
- Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keita Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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28
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Wu D, Noda K, Murata M, Liu Y, Kanda A, Ishida S. Regulation of Spermine Oxidase through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling in Retinal Glial Cells under Hypoxic Conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:52. [PMID: 32579679 PMCID: PMC7415903 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is known to facilitate glial cell migration, one of the pathological hallmarks in diabetic retinopathy. However, cellular mechanisms of acrolein generation in retinal glial cells remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role and regulation of spermine oxidase (SMOX), one of the enzymes related to acrolein generation, in retinal glial cells under hypoxic condition. Methods Immunofluorescence staining for SMOX was performed using sections of fibrovascular tissues obtained from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Expression levels of polyamine oxidation enzymes including SMOX were analyzed in rat retinal Müller cell line 5 (TR-MUL5) cells under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The transcriptional activity of Smox in TR-MUL5 cells was evaluated using the luciferase assay. Levels of acrolein-conjugated protein, Nε-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino) lysine adduct (FDP-Lys), and hydrogen peroxide were measured. Results SMOX was localized in glial cells in fibrovascular tissues. Hypoxia induced SMOX production in TR-MUL5 cells, which was suppressed by silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif1a), but not Hif2a. Transcriptional activity of Smox was regulated through HIF-1 binding to hypoxia response elements 2, 3, and 4 sites in the promoter region of Smox. Generation of FDP-Lys and hydrogen peroxide increased in TR-MUL5 cells under hypoxic condition, which was abrogated by SMOX inhibitor MDL72527. Conclusions The current data demonstrated that hypoxia regulates production of SMOX, which plays a role in the generation of oxidative stress inducers, through HIF-1α signaling in Müller glial cells under hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Murata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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29
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Phan K, He Y, Pickford R, Bhatia S, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Uncovering pathophysiological changes in frontotemporal dementia using serum lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3640. [PMID: 32107421 PMCID: PMC7046653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood serum is enriched in lipids and has provided a platform to understand the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases with improved diagnosis and development of biomarkers. Understanding lipid changes in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important because of the fact that lipids make up >50% of brain tissues. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia, characterized by brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions, concomitant loss of lipids and dyslipidemia. However, little is known about the link between dyslipidemia and FTD pathophysiology. Here, we utilized an innovative approach – lipidomics based on mass spectrometry – to investigate three key aspects of FTD pathophysiology – mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We analyzed the lipids that are intrinsically linked to neurodegeneration in serum collected from FTD patients and controls. We found that cardiolipin, acylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine, platelet-activating factor, o-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid and acrolein were specifically altered in FTD with strong correlation between the lipids, signifying pathophysiological changes in FTD. The lipid changes were verified by measurement of the common disease markers (e.g. ATP, cytokine, calcium) using conventional assays. When put together, these results support the use of lipidomics technology to detect pathophysiological changes in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Phan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Surabhi Bhatia
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Di Paolo ML, Cervelli M, Mariottini P, Leonetti A, Polticelli F, Rosini M, Milelli A, Basagni F, Venerando R, Agostinelli E, Minarini A. Exploring the activity of polyamine analogues on polyamine and spermine oxidase: methoctramine, a potent and selective inhibitor of polyamine oxidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:740-752. [PMID: 30829081 PMCID: PMC6407594 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1584620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen polyamine analogues, asymmetric or symmetric substituted spermine (1-9) or methoctramine (10-14) analogues, were evaluated as potential inhibitors or substrates of two enzymes of the polyamine catabolic pathway, spermine oxidase (SMOX) and acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX). Compound 2 turned out to be the best substrate for PAOX, having the highest affinity and catalytic efficiency with respect to its physiological substrates. Methoctramine (10), a well-known muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, emerged as the most potent competitive PAOX inhibitor known so far (Ki = 10 nM), endowed with very good selectivity compared with SMOX (Ki=1.2 μM vs SMOX). The efficacy of methoctramine in inhibiting PAOX activity was confirmed in the HT22 cell line. Methoctramine is a very promising tool in the design of drugs targeting the polyamine catabolism pathway, both to understand the physio-pathological role of PAOX vs SMOX and for pharmacological applications, being the polyamine pathway involved in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Roma Tre Section, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
- International Polyamines Foundation – ONLUS –Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Liu JH, Wang TW, Lin YY, Ho WC, Tsai HC, Chen SP, Lin AMY, Liu TY, Wang HT. Acrolein is involved in ischemic stroke-induced neurotoxicity through spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase activation. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113066. [PMID: 31629858 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular event and is responsible for approximately 85% of all strokes in Taiwan. Neurons contain high concentrations of polyamines, which are prone to various pathological states in the brain and are perturbed after cerebral ischemia. Acrolein, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, has been suggested as the primary culprit of neuronal damage in stroke patients. However, the mechanism by which acrolein induces neuronal damage during ischemic stroke is not clear. METHODS Urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), an acrolein-glutathione (GSH) metabolite, plasma acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-PC) and plasma GSH levels were analyzed to correlate disease severity and prognosis of stroke patients compared with control subjects. In vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal models and an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) stroke model were used to investigate the mechanisms of acrolein-induced neuronal damage. RESULTS A deregulated acrolein metabolism, including significantly increased plasma Acr-PC levels, decreased urinary 3-HPMA levels and decreased plasma GSH levels, was found in stroke patients compared to control subjects. We further observed that acrolein was produced during ischemia resulting in brain damage in in vivo MCAO animal model. The induction of acrolein in neuronal cells during OGD occurred due to the increased expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) by NF-kB pathway activation. In addition, acrolein elicited a vicious cycling of oxidative stress resulting in neurotoxicity. Finally, N-acetylcysteine effectively prevented OGD-induced neurotoxicity by scavenging acrolein. CONCLUSION Overall, our current results demonstrate that acrolein is a culprit of neuronal damage through GSH depletion in stroke patients. The mechanism underlying the role of acrolein in stroke-related neuronal damage occurs through SSAT-induced polyamine oxidation by NF-kB pathway activation. These results provide a novel mechanism of neurotoxicity in stroke patients, aid in the development of neutralizing or preventive measures, and further our understanding of neural protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming UniversRity, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wen Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming UniversRity, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of CritiWcal Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anya Maan-Yuh Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming UniversRity, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ashton NN, Allyn G, Porter ST, Haussener TJ, Sebahar PR, Looper RE, Williams DL. In vitro testing of a first-in-class tri-alkylnorspermidine-biaryl antibiotic in an anti-biofilm silicone coating. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:25-35. [PMID: 30769135 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infection is among the worst complication to prosthetic joint replacement procedures; once established on the implant surface, biofilms show strong recalcitrance to clinical antibiotic therapy, frequently requiring costly revision procedures and prolonged systemic antibiotics for their removal. A well-designed active release coating might assist host immunity in clearing bacterial contaminants within the narrow perioperative window and ultimately prevent microbial colonization of the joint prosthesis. A first-in-class compound (CZ-01127) was tested as the active release agent in a silicone (Si) coating using an in vitro dynamic flow model of surgical site contamination and compared with analogous coatings containing clinical gold-standard antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin; the CZ-01127 coating outperformed both vancomycin and gentamicin coatings and was the only to decrease the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inocula below detectable limits for the first 3 days. The antimicrobial activity of CZ-01127, and for comparison vancomycin and gentamicin, were characterized against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, serial passages, and serial dilution tests against established biofilms grown with a CBR 90 CDC biofilm reactor. Despite a similar MIC (1 µg/ml) and behavior in a 25-day serial passage analysis, CZ-01127 displayed much greater bactericidal activity against established biofilms and was the only to decrease biofilm colony forming units (CFUs) below detectable limits at the highest concentration tested (500 µg/ml). Coating release profiles were characterized using ATR-FTIR and displayed burst release kinetics within the decisive period of the perioperative window suggesting the silicon carrier is broadly useful for screening antibiotic compound for local delivery applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With an aging population, an increasing number of people are undergoing total joint replacement procedures in which diseased joint tissues are replaced with permanent metallic implants. Some of these procedures are burdened by costly and debilitating infections. A promising approach to prevent infections is the use of an antimicrobial coating on the surface of the implant which releases antibiotics into the surgical site to prevent infection. In this study, we tested a new antibiotic compound formulated in a silicone coating. Data showed that this compound was more effective at killing pathogenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria than two clinical gold-standard antibiotics-vancomycin and gentamicin-and could be a promising agent for antimicrobial coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Ashton
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gina Allyn
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Scott T Porter
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Travis J Haussener
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul R Sebahar
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dustin L Williams
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Curza Global, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Kishimoto A, Nomura S, Tanaka K. Chemical Sensing of Acrolein-Amine Conjugates for Food Quality Control: A Case Study of Milk Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Kishimoto
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Ohkubo S, Mancinelli R, Miglietta S, Cona A, Angelini R, Canettieri G, Spandidos DA, Gaudio E, Agostinelli E. Maize polyamine oxidase in the presence of spermine/spermidine induces the apoptosis of LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2080-2094. [PMID: 31081059 PMCID: PMC6521933 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine oxidases, which contribute to the regulation of polyamine levels, catalyze the oxidative deamination of polyamines to generate H2O2 and aldehyde(s). In this study, and at least to the best of our knowledge, maize polyamine oxidase (ZmPAO) was used for the first time with the aim of identifying a novel strategy for cancer therapy. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of cell death induced by the enzymatic oxidation products of polyamine generated by ZmPAO were investigated. Exogenous spermine and ZmPAO treatment decreased cell viability in a spermine dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, particularly, the viability of the multidrug‑resistant (MDR) colon adenocarcinoma cells, LoVo DX, when compared with drug‑sensitive ones (LoVo WT). Further analyses revealed that H2O2 derived from spermine was mainly responsible for the cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine increased the apoptotic population of LoVo WT and LoVo DX cells. In addition, we found that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine markedly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in the LoVo DX cells, in agreement with the results of cell viability and apoptosis assays. Transmission electron microscopic observations supported the involvement of mitochondrial depolarization in the apoptotic process. Therefore, the dysregulation of polyamine metabolism in tumor cells may be a potential therapeutic target. In addition, the development of MDR tumor cells is recognized as a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Therefore, the design of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of this combination may be taken into account, making this approach attractive mainly in treating MDR cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | | | | | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Pasteur Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
- International Polyamines Foundation - ONLUS, I-00159 Rome, Italy
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Inhibition of dendritic spine extension through acrolein conjugation with α-, β-tubulin proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 113:58-66. [PMID: 31150838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently found that conjugation of acrolein with a 50 kDa protein(s) is strongly associated with tissue damage during brain infarction. In the current study, the identity and function of the 50 kDa protein(s) conjugated with acrolein during brain infarction were investigated. The 50 kDa protein(s) conjugated with acrolein were identified as α- and β-tubulins. Ten cysteine residues in α- and β-tubulins (Cys25, 295, 347 and 376 in α-tubulin and Cys12, 129, 211, 239, 303 and 354 in β-tubulin) were mainly conjugated with acrolein. Since two cysteine residues of α-tubulin (Cys347 and 376) and four cysteine residues of β-tubulin (Cys12, 129, 239 and 354) were located at the interaction site of α- and β-tubulins, association between α- and β-tubulins to form microtubules was strongly inhibited by conjugation with acrolein. Accordingly, dendritic spine extension consisting of microtubules was greatly inhibited in acrolein-treated Neuro2a cells. The results strongly suggest that acrolein contributes to the functional losses in brain signaling through its conjugation with α- and β-tubulins.
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36
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The functional role of polyamines in eukaryotic cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:104-115. [PMID: 30578954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines, consisting of putrescine, spermidine and spermine are essential for normal cell growth and viability in eukaryotic cells. Since polyamines are cations, they interact with DNA, ATP, phospholipids, specific kinds of proteins, and especially with RNA. Consequently, the functions of these acidic compounds and some proteins are modified by polyamines. In this review, the functional modifications of these molecules by polyamines are presented. Structural change of specific mRNAs by polyamines causes the stimulation of the synthesis of several different proteins, which are important for cell growth and viability. eIF5 A, the only known protein containing a spermidine derivative, i.e. hypusine, also functions at the level of translation. Experimental results thus far obtained strongly suggest that the most important function of polyamines is at the level of translation.
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Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are indispensable polycations ubiquitous to all living cells. Among their many critical functions, PAs contribute to the oxidative balance of the cell. Beginning with studies by the Tabor laboratory in bacteria and yeast, the requirement for PAs as protectors against oxygen radical-mediated damage has been well established in many organisms, including mammals. However, PAs also serve as substrates for oxidation reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both intra- and extracellularly. As intracellular concentrations of PAs can reach millimolar concentrations, the H2O2 amounts produced through their catabolism, coupled with a reduction in protective PAs, are sufficient to cause the oxidative damage associated with many pathologies, including cancer. Thus, the maintenance of intracellular polyamine homeostasis may ultimately contribute to the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis. Again, pioneering studies by Tabor and colleagues led the way in first identifying spermine oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They also first purified the extracellular bovine serum amine oxidase and elucidated the products of its oxidation of primary amine groups of PAs when included in culture medium. These investigations formed the foundation for many polyamine-related studies and experimental procedures still performed today. This Minireview will summarize key innovative studies regarding PAs and oxidative damage, starting with those from the Tabor laboratory and including the most recent advances, with a focus on mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
| | - Tiffany T Dunston
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
| | - Patrick M Woster
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Robert A Casero
- From the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 and
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38
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Atherton JG, Hains DS, Bissler J, Pendley BD, Lindner E. Generation, clearance, toxicity, and monitoring possibilities of unaccounted uremic toxins for improved dialysis prescriptions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29537310 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00106.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current dialysis-dosing calculations provide an incomplete assessment of blood purification. They exclude clearances of protein-bound uremic toxins (PB-UTs), such as polyamines, p-cresol sulfate, and indoxyl sulfate, relying solely on the clearance of urea as a surrogate for all molecules accumulating in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PB-UTs clear differently in dialysis but also during normal renal function. The kidney clears PB toxins via the process of secretion, whereas it clears urea through filtration. Herein, we review the clearance, accumulation, and toxicity of various UTs. We also suggest possible methods for their monitoring toward the ultimate goal of a more comprehensive dialysis prescription. A more inclusive dialysis prescription would retain the kidney-filtration surrogate, urea, and consider at least one PB toxin as a surrogate for UTs cleared through cellular secretion. A more comprehensive assessment of UTs that includes both secretion and filtration is expected to result in a better understanding of ESRD toxicity and consequently, to reduce ESRD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - John Bissler
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Bradford D Pendley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee
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39
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Uemura T, Watanabe K, Ko K, Higashi K, Kogure N, Kitajima M, Takayama H, Takao K, Sugita Y, Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Toida T, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Protective Effects of Brain Infarction by N-Acetylcysteine Derivatives. Stroke 2018; 49:1727-1733. [PMID: 29866754 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We recently found that acrolein (CH2=CH-CHO) is more strongly involved in brain infarction compared with reactive oxygen species. In this study, we looked for acrolein scavengers with less side effects. METHODS Photochemically induced thrombosis model mice were prepared by injection of Rose Bengal. Effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) derivatives on brain infarction were evaluated using the public domain National Institutes of Health image program. RESULTS NAC, NAC ethyl ester, and NAC benzyl ester (150 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally at the time of induction of ischemia, or these NAC derivatives (50 mg/kg) were administered 3× at 24-h intervals before induction of ischemia and 1 more administration at the time of induction of ischemia. The size of brain infarction decreased in the order NAC benzyl ester>NAC ethyl ester>NAC in both experimental conditions. Detoxification of acrolein occurred through conjugation of acrolein with glutathione, which was catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, rather than direct conjugation between acrolein and NAC derivatives. The level of glutathione S-transferases at the locus of brain infarction was in the order of administration of NAC benzyl ester>NAC ethyl ester>NAC>no NAC derivatives, suggesting that NAC derivatives stabilize glutathione S-transferases. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that detoxification of acrolein by NAC derivatives is caused through glutathione conjugation with acrolein catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, which can be stabilized by NAC derivatives. This is a new concept of acrolein detoxification by NAC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- From the Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Japan (T.U., K.I.)
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Kenta Ko
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Noriyuki Kogure
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Mariko Kitajima
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Hiromitsu Takayama
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Koichi Takao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan (K.T., Y.S.)
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Josai University, Saitama, Japan (K.T., Y.S.)
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan (A.S., Y.T., K.K.)
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan (A.S., Y.T., K.K.)
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan (A.S., Y.T., K.K.)
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- From the Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Japan (T.U., K.I.) .,Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan (K.W., K.K., K.H., N.K., M.K., H.T., T.T., K.I.)
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40
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Lane DJR, Bae DH, Siafakas AR, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Al-Akra L, Jansson PJ, Casero RA, Richardson DR. Coupling of the polyamine and iron metabolism pathways in the regulation of proliferation: Mechanistic links to alterations in key polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2793-2813. [PMID: 29777905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many biological processes result from the coupling of metabolic pathways. Considering this, proliferation depends on adequate iron and polyamines, and although iron-depletion impairs proliferation, the metabolic link between iron and polyamine metabolism has never been thoroughly investigated. This is important to decipher, as many disease states demonstrate co-dysregulation of iron and polyamine metabolism. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate that cellular iron levels robustly regulate 13 polyamine pathway proteins. Seven of these were regulated in a conserved manner by iron-depletion across different cell-types, with four proteins being down-regulated (i.e., acireductone dioxygenase 1 [ADI1], methionine adenosyltransferase 2α [MAT2α], Antizyme and polyamine oxidase [PAOX]) and three proteins being up-regulated (i.e., S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase [AMD1], Antizyme inhibitor 1 [AZIN1] and spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase 1 [SAT1]). Depletion of iron also markedly decreased polyamine pools (i.e., spermidine and/or spermine, but not putrescine). Accordingly, iron-depletion also decreased S-adenosylmethionine that is essential for spermidine/spermine biosynthesis. Iron-depletion additionally reduced 3H-spermidine uptake in direct agreement with the lowered levels of the polyamine importer, SLC22A16. Regarding mechanism, the "reprogramming" of polyamine metabolism by iron-depletion is consistent with the down-regulation of ADI1 and MAT2α, and the up-regulation of SAT1. Moreover, changes in ADI1 (biosynthetic) and SAT1 (catabolic) partially depended on the iron-regulated changes in c-Myc and/or p53. The ability of iron chelators to inhibit proliferation was rescuable by putrescine and spermidine, and under some conditions by spermine. Collectively, iron and polyamine metabolism are intimately coupled, which has significant ramifications for understanding the integrated role of iron and polyamine metabolism in proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius J R Lane
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aritee R Siafakas
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Department of Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lina Al-Akra
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Robert A Casero
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Takahashi Y, Ono K, Akamine Y, Asano T, Ezaki M, Mouri I. Highly-expressed polyamine oxidases catalyze polyamine back conversion in Brachypodium distachyon. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:341-348. [PMID: 29063977 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand the polyamine (PA) catabolic pathways in Brachypodium distachyon, we focused on the flavin-containing polyamine oxidase enzymes (PAO), and characterized them at the molecular and biochemical levels. Five PAO isoforms were identified from database searches, and we named them BdPAO1 to BdPAO5. By gene expression analysis using above-ground tissues such as leaf, stem and inflorescence, it was revealed that BdPAO2 is the most abundant PAO gene in normal growth conditions, followed by BdPAO3 and BdPAO4. BdPAO1 and BdPAO5 were expressed at very low levels. All Arabidopsis thaliana and rice orthologs belonging to the same clade as BdPAO2, BdPAO3 and BdPAO4 have conserved peroxisome-targeting signal sequences at their C-termini. Amino acid sequences of BdPAO2 and BdPAO4 also showed such a sequence, but BdPAO3 did not. We selected the gene with the highest expression level (BdPAO2) and the peroxisome-targeting signal lacking PAO (BdPAO3) for biochemical analysis of substrate specificity and catabolic pathways. BdPAO2 catalyzed conversion of spermine (Spm) or thermospermine to spermidine (Spd), and Spd to putrescine, but its most-favored substrate was Spd. In contrast, BdPAO3 favored Spm as substrate and catalyzed conversion of tetraamines to Spd. These results indicated that the major PAOs in B. distachyon have back-conversion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan.
| | - Kaede Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Yuuta Akamine
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Asano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ezaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| | - Itsupei Mouri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
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42
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Igarashi K, Uemura T, Kashiwagi K. Acrolein toxicity at advanced age: present and future. Amino Acids 2018; 50:217-228. [PMID: 29249019 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that tissue damage at advanced age is mainly caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species, O2-, H2O2, and ·OH). However, it was found that acrolein (CH2=CH-CHO) is more toxic than ROS, and is mainly produced from spermine (SPM), one of the polyamines, rather than from unsaturated fatty acids. Significant amounts of SPM are present normally as SPM-ribosome complexes, and contribute to protein synthesis. However, SPM was released from ribosomes due to the degradation of ribosomal RNA by ·OH or the binding of Ca2+ to ribosomes, and acrolein was produced from free SPM by polyamine oxidases, particularly by SPM oxidase. Acrolein inactivated several proteins such as GAPDH (glycelaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and also stimulated MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) activity. Acrolein-conjugated GAPDH translocated to nucleus, and caused apoptosis like nitrosylated GAPDH. Through acrolein conjugation with several proteins, acrolein causes tissue damage during brain stroke, dementia, renal failure, and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, development of acrolein scavengers with less side effects is very important to maintain QOL (quality of life) of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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Vanholder R, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G. Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10010033. [PMID: 29316724 PMCID: PMC5793120 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biological systems of the 11 considered. The inflammatory, cardio-vascular and fibrogenic systems were those most frequently affected and they are one by one major actors in the high morbidity and mortality of CKD but also the mechanisms that have most frequently been studied. A scoring system was built with the intention to classify the reviewed compounds according to the experimental evidence of their toxicity (number of systems affected) and overall experimental and clinical evidence. Among the highest globally scoring solutes were 3 small water-soluble compounds [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO); uric acid], 6 protein bound compounds or groups of protein bound compounds [advanced glycation end products (AGEs); p-cresyl sulfate; indoxyl sulfate; indole acetic acid; the kynurenines; phenyl acetic acid;] and 3 middle molecules [β2-microglobulin; ghrelin; parathyroid hormone). In general, more experimental data were provided for the protein bound molecules but for almost half of them clinical evidence was missing in spite of robust experimental data. The picture emanating is one of a complex disorder, where multiple factors contribute to a multisystem complication profile, so that it seems of not much use to pursue a decrease of concentration of a single compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Schepers
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Igarashi K, Uemura T, Kashiwagi K. Acrolein: An Effective Biomarker for Tissue Damage Produced from Polyamines. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:459-468. [PMID: 29080188 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that the major factor responsible for cell damage is reactive oxygen species (ROS), but our recent studies have shown that acrolein (CH2=CH-CHO) produced from spermine and spermidine is more toxic than ROS. Thus, (1) the mechanism of acrolein production during brain stroke, (2) one of the mechanisms of acrolein toxicity, and (3) the role of glutathione in acrolein detoxification are described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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Determination of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid in urine by three column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a diamond electrode. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:79-85. [PMID: 28851527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A three column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an electrochemical detector (ECD) equipped with a diamond electrode was established to determine 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA) in urine. An extracted urine sample was consecutively fractionated using a strong anion-exchange column (first column) and a C8 column (second column) via a switching valve before application on an Octa Decyl Silyl (ODS) column (third column), followed by ECD analysis. The% recovery of 3-HPMA standard throughout the three-column process and limit of detection (LOD) were 94±1% and 0.1pmol, respectively. A solid phase extraction step is required for the sensitive analysis of 3-HPMA in urine by column-switching HPLC-ECD despite a decreased% recovery (55%) of urine sample spiked with 100pmol of 3-HPMA. To test the utility of our column-switching HPLC-ECD method, 3-HPMA levels of 27 urine samples were determined, and the correlation between HPLC-ECD and LC-Electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS method was examined. As a result, the median values of μmol 3-HPMA/g Creatinine (Cre) in urine obtained by column-switching HPLC-ECD and LC-MS/MS were 2.19±2.12μmol/g Cre and 2.13±3.38μmol/g Cre, respectively, and the calibration curve (y=1.5171x-1.007) exhibited good linearity within a defined range (r2=0.907). These results indicate that the combination of column-switching HPLC and ECD is a powerful tool for the specific, reliable detection of 3-HPMA in urine.
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Uzbay T, Kaya Yertutanol FD, Midi A, Çevreli B. Subcutaneous Toxicity of Agmatine in Rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:127-133. [PMID: 32454603 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.85057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive agmatine administration on sensorimotor gating in rats first but, as unexpected, ulcerative necrotic cutaneous lesions appeared, thus, the study was directed primarily to clarify these results. Materials and Methods In the first set of experiments, we administered agmatine (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) and saline (control group) subcutaneously to male Wistar albino rats (n=8 for each group) for 14 consecutive days. Ulcerative necrotic cutaneous lesions appeared following the third day of agmatine administration. We decided to explore the potential toxic dermal effects of agmatine and conducted second set of experiments with two groups (n=8) to compare the effects of subcutaneous vs. intraperitoneal agmatine (80 mg/kg) injection to understand if the injection route determines the toxicity. Results Our results showed that prolonged subcutaneous but not intraperitoneal administration of agmatine leads to a delayed dermal reaction in rats. Histopathologic examination of skin samples revealed cutaneous aseptic necrosis at the injection site whereas blood tests were found to be normal. Conclusion This finding is important to point out the risks of prolonged subcutaneous administration of agmatine to rats within the concept of animal welfare. In addition, the results raise questions about the possible risks of over-the-counter use of agmatine among humans although the agent is taken via oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Uzbay
- Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Midi
- Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Üsküdar University, Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, (NPARC), İstanbul, Turkey
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Hussain T, Tan B, Ren W, Rahu N, Dad R, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Polyamines: therapeutic perspectives in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1457-1468. [PMID: 28733904 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring aliphatic compounds, particularly essential elements for biological functions. These compounds play a central role in regulating molecular pathways which are responsible for cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Importantly, excessive polyamine catabolism can lead to a prominent source of oxidative stress which increases inflammatory response and thought to be involved in several diseases including stroke, renal failure, neurological disease, liver disease, and even cancer. Moreover, polyamine supplementation increases life span in model organisms and may encounter oxidative stress via exerting its potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The revealed literature indicates that an emerging role of polyamine biosynthetic pathway could be a novel target for drug development against inflammatory diseases. In this review, we expand the knowledge on the metabolism of polyamines, and its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which might have future implications against inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Dad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Activation of MMP-9 activity by acrolein in saliva from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and its mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yoshida M, Kato N, Uemura T, Mizoi M, Nakamura M, Saiki R, Hatano K, Sato K, Kakizaki S, Nakamura A, Ishii T, Terao T, Murayama Y, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Time dependent transition of the levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro), IL-6 and CRP in plasma during stroke. eNeurologicalSci 2017; 7:18-24. [PMID: 29260020 PMCID: PMC5721576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Measurement of plasma levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) together with IL-6 and CRP can be used to identify silent brain infarction (SBI) with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to determine how these biomarkers vary during stroke. Methods Levels of PC-Acro, IL-6 and CRP in plasma were measured on day 0, 2, 7 and 14 after the onset of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Results After the onset of stroke, the level of PC-Acro in plasma was elevated corresponding to the size of stroke. It returned to near control levels by day 2, and remained similar through day 14. The degree of the decrease in PC-Acro on day 2 was greater when the size of brain infarction or hemorrhage was larger. An increase in IL-6 and CRP occurred after the increase in PC-Acro, and it was well correlated with the size of the injury following infarction or hemorrhage. The results suggest that acrolein becomes a trigger for the production of IL-6 and CRP, as previously observed in a mouse model of stroke and in cell culture systems. The increase in IL-6 and CRP was also correlated with poor outcome judging from mRS. Conclusion The results indicate that the degree of the decrease in PC-Acro and the increase in IL-6 and CRP from day 0 to day 2 was correlated with the size of brain infarction, and the increase in IL-6 and CRP with poor outcome at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Yoshida
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Mizoi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakamura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Saiki
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hatano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunitomo Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Kakizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Terao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Atsugi Municipal Hospital, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.
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Higashi K, Igarashi K, Toida T. Recent Progress in Analytical Methods for Determination of Urinary 3-Hydroxypropylmercapturic Acid, a Major Metabolite of Acrolein. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:915-9. [PMID: 27251493 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA), a major metabolite of acrolein in urine, has been recognized as a noninvasive biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke. Since acrolein is formed endogenously from polyamines and is also formed during oxidative stress and aggravates tissue damage by changing protein activity through its conjugation in pathological lesions, it is thought that the urinary 3-HPMA level is useful as a biomarker to monitor the severity of several diseases related to acrolein. To study the correlation between 3-HPMA and disease severity, it is important to understand the properties of analytical methods for determination of 3-HPMA. In this article, we summarize the analytical methods for determination of urinary 3-HPMA and discuss the utility of 3-HPMA as one of the biomarkers for the diagnosis of brain infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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