1
|
STAT3 is critical for skeletal development and bone homeostasis by regulating osteogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6891. [PMID: 34824272 PMCID: PMC8616950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal deformities are typical AD-HIES manifestations, which are mainly caused by heterozygous and loss-of-function mutations in Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). However, the mechanism is still unclear and the treatment strategy is limited. Herein, we reported that the mice with Stat3 deletion in osteoblasts, but not in osteoclasts, induced AD-HIES-like skeletal defects, including craniofacial malformation, osteoporosis, and spontaneous bone fracture. Mechanistic analyses revealed that STAT3 in cooperation with Msh homeobox 1(MSX1) drove osteoblast differentiation by promoting Distal-less homeobox 5(Dlx5) transcription. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of STAT3 partially rescued skeletal deformities in heterozygous knockout mice, while inhibition of STAT3 aggravated bone loss. Taken together, these data show that STAT3 is critical for modulating skeletal development and maintaining bone homeostasis through STAT3-indcued osteogenesis and suggest it may be a potential target for treatments.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sims NA. The JAK1/STAT3/SOCS3 axis in bone development, physiology, and pathology. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1185-1197. [PMID: 32788655 PMCID: PMC8080635 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone growth and the maintenance of bone structure are controlled by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cytokines expressed locally within the bone microenvironment and those that are elevated, both locally and systemically, under inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on those bone-active cytokines that initiate JAK–STAT signaling, and outlines the discoveries made from studying skeletal defects caused by induced or spontaneous modifications in this pathway. Specifically, this review describes defects in JAK1, STAT3, and SOCS3 signaling in mouse models and in humans, including mutations designed to modify these pathways downstream of the gp130 coreceptor. It is shown that osteoclast formation is generally stimulated indirectly by these pathways through JAK1 and STAT3 actions in inflammatory and other accessory cells, including osteoblasts. In addition, in bone remodeling, osteoblast differentiation is increased secondary to stimulated osteoclast formation through an IL-6-dependent pathway. In growth plate chondrocytes, STAT3 signaling promotes the normal differentiation process that leads to bone lengthening. Within the osteoblast lineage, STAT3 signaling promotes bone formation in normal physiology and in response to mechanical loading through direct signaling in osteocytes. This activity, particularly that of the IL-6/gp130 family of cytokines, must be suppressed by SOCS3 for the normal formation of cortical bone. Maintaining normal bone structure and strength depends on a group of signaling proteins called cytokines that bind to receptor molecules on cell surfaces. Natalie Sims at St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and The University of Melbourne in Australia reviews the role of cytokines in a specific signaling pathway in bone development and disease. Two of the proteins in this pathway respond to cytokine activity, whereas the third inhibits the cytokines’ effects. Studies in mice and humans have identified links between specific bone defects and spontaneous or experimentally induced mutations in the genes that code for the three proteins. The review covers the significance of recent findings to several types of cells that form new bone, degrade bone as part of normal bone turnover, and sustain the structure of bone and cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sirufo MM, Suppa M, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Does Allergy Break Bones? Osteoporosis and Its Connection to Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E712. [PMID: 31973226 PMCID: PMC7037724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Osteoporosis and allergic diseases are important causes of morbidity, and traditionally their coexistence has been attributed to causality, to independent processes, and they were considered unrelated. However, the increasing knowledge in the field of osteoimmunology and an increasing number of epidemiological and biological studies have provided support to a correlation between bone and allergy that share pathways, cells, cytokines and mediators. If the link between allergic pathology and bone alterations appears more subtle, there are conditions such as mastocytosis and hypereosinophilic or hyper-IgE syndromes characterized by the proliferation of cells or hyper-production of molecules that play a key role in allergies, in which this link is at least clinically more evident, and the diseases are accompanied by frank skeletal involvement, offering multiple speculation cues. The pathophysiological connection of allergy and osteoporosis is currently an intriguing area of research. The aim of this review is to summarize and bring together the current knowledge and pursue an opportunity to stimulate further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freeman AF, Holland SM. Hyper IgE syndrome: review and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:645-51. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.4.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
5
|
Bone density and fractures in autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:260-4. [PMID: 24402620 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE Recurrent Infection Syndrome (AD-HIES) is caused by mutations in STAT3 and characterized by eczema, recurrent bacterial infections, and skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities. To further understand the minimal trauma fractures of AD-HIES, we examined bone mineral density (BMD) and laboratory markers of bone turnover. METHODS Patients with AD-HIES enrolled in a prospective natural history study were examined with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and laboratory studies of bone metabolism. The number of fractures was recorded as well as clinical features of AD-HIES including scoliosis and retained primary teeth. Patients on medications with skeletal effects, including bisphosphonates, were examined separately. RESULTS Twenty-three AD-HIES children (6-18 years) and 33 AD-HIES adults (21-50 years) not receiving bone-active drugs were studied. Fourteen of the 23 children (61%) had histories of minimal trauma fractures, as did 26 of the 33 adults (79%). Osteopenia or osteoporosis was found in 79% of children and adults. Only radial BMD correlated with the qualitative occurrence of fractures but it did not correlate with the numbers of fractures. Markers of bone metabolism did not correlate with minimal trauma fractures or BMD. Patients on bone-active medications had improved BMD, but still sustained fractures. CONCLUSIONS Minimal trauma fractures and decreased BMD are common in AD-HIES. Low radial BMD is associated with fractures, but hip and spine BMD are not. Treatment with bisphosphonates increased BMD but its role in fracture prevention remains undefined.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hristomanova S, Spiroski M. The Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E Syndromes: A Literature Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2013.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndromes (HIES) are primary immunodeficiencies characterized by the recurrent staphylococcal abscesses, recurrent pneumonia and highly elevated serum IgE levels. There are two forms of HIES: a dominant form (AD-HIES) and a recessive form (AR-HIES). AD form of HIES is caused by mutations in STAT3 and the AR form is caused by mutations in DOCK8 and TYK2. These syndromes have different clinical presentations and outcomes. AD-HIES is a multisystem disorder that includes abnormalities of the skin, lungs, musculo-skeletal system and dental system. In contrast, these symptoms in patients with AR-HIES are missing. AR-HIES patients have severe viral infections and may develop neurological complications. This review article discusses the clinical presentation and laboratory findings in both forms of HIES, as well as the establishment of diagnose, inheritance, molecular genetics and immunological abnormalities of HIES.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandesris MO, Melki I, Natividad A, Puel A, Fieschi C, Yun L, Thumerelle C, Oksenhendler E, Boutboul D, Thomas C, Hoarau C, Lebranchu Y, Stephan JL, Cazorla C, Aladjidi N, Micheau M, Tron F, Baruchel A, Barlogis V, Palenzuela G, Mathey C, Dominique S, Body G, Munzer M, Fouyssac F, Jaussaud R, Bader-Meunier B, Mahlaoui N, Blanche S, Debré M, Le Bourgeois M, Gandemer V, Lambert N, Grandin V, Ndaga S, Jacques C, Harre C, Forveille M, Alyanakian MA, Durandy A, Bodemer C, Suarez F, Hermine O, Lortholary O, Casanova JL, Fischer A, Picard C. Autosomal dominant STAT3 deficiency and hyper-IgE syndrome: molecular, cellular, and clinical features from a French national survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012; 91:e1-e19. [PMID: 22751495 PMCID: PMC3680355 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e31825f95b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant deficiency of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is the main genetic etiology of hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig) E syndrome. We documented the molecular, cellular, and clinical features of 60 patients with heterozygous STAT3 mutations from 47 kindreds followed in France. We identified 11 known and 13 new mutations of STAT3. Low levels of interleukin (IL)-6-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation (or accumulation) of STAT3 were observed in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes (EBV-B cells) from all STAT3-deficient patients tested. The immunologic phenotype was characterized by high serum IgE levels (96% of the patients), memory B-cell lymphopenia (94.5%), and hypereosinophilia (80%). A low proportion of IL-17A-producing circulating T cells was found in 14 of the 15 patients tested. Mucocutaneous infections were the most frequent, typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus (all patients) and Candida albicans (85%). Up to 90% of the patients had pneumonia, mostly caused by Staph. aureus (31%) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (30%). Recurrent pneumonia was associated with secondary bronchiectasis and pneumatocele (67%), as well as secondary aspergillosis (22%). Up to 92% of the patients had dermatitis and connective tissue abnormalities, with facial dysmorphism (95%), retention of decidual teeth (65%), osteopenia (50%), and hyperextensibility (50%). Four patients developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The clinical outcome was favorable, with 56 patients, including 43 adults, still alive at the end of study (mean age, 21 yr; range, 1 mo to 46 yr). Only 4 patients died, 3 from severe bacterial infection (aged 1, 15, and 29 yr, respectively). Antibiotic prophylaxis (90% of patients), antifungal prophylaxis (50%), and IgG infusions (53%) improved patient health, as demonstrated by the large decrease in pneumonia recurrence. Overall, the prognosis of STAT3 deficiency may be considered good, provided that multiple prophylactic measures, including IgG infusions, are implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Olivia Chandesris
- From the Hematology Department (MOC, FS, OH), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; University Paris Descartes (MOC, IM, AN, AP, LY, SB, AD, CB, FS, OH, OL, JLC, AF, CP), Necker Medical School, Paris; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (IM, AN, AP, LY, JLC, CP), Necker Branch, INSERM U980, Paris; Clinical Immunology Department (CF, EO), Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; EA 3963 (CF, DB), Saint-Louis Hospital, University Paris 7, Paris; Pediatric Pulmonary Department (C. Thumerelle), Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Lille; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (C. Thomas), Nantes Hospital, Nantes; Immunology Unit (C. Hoarau, YL), Tours Hospital, Tours; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (JLS), Saint-Etienne Hospital, Saint-Etienne; Department of Infectious Diseases (CC), Saint-Etienne Hospital, Saint-Etienne; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (NA, M. Micheau), Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux; Immunology Unit (FT), Rouen Hospital, Rouen; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (AB),Robert Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (VB), Timone Hospital, Marseille; PediatricDepartment (GP), Béziers Hospital, Béziers; Pediatric Department(CM), Aix-en-Provence Hospital, Aix-en-Provence; Pulmonary Department (SD), Rouen Hospital, Rouen; Pediatric Pulmonary Department (GB), Châlons-en-Champagne Hospital, Châlons-en-Champagne; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (M. Munzer), Reims Hospital, Reims; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (FF), Nancy Hospital, Nancy; Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Immunology Clinic (RJ), Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims Hospital, Reims; Pediatric Immuno-Hematology Unit (BBM, NM, SB, MD, JLC, AF, CP), Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Centre de Référence des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH) (MOC, NM, AD, FS, OH, OL, AF, CP), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris; Pediatric Pulmonary Department (MLB), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department (V. Gandemer), Rennes Hospital, Rennes; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (NL, V. Grandin, SN, CJ, C. Harre, MF, AD, CP), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Immunology Laboratory (MAA), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; INSERM U768 (AD, AF), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris; Pediatric Dermatology Department (CB), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (OL), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital and Pasteur Institut, Paris, France; and St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (JLC), Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Szczawinska-Poplonyk A, Kycler Z, Pietrucha B, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Breborowicz A, Gerreth K. The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome--clinical manifestation diversity in primary immune deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011; 6:76. [PMID: 22085750 PMCID: PMC3226432 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyper-IgE syndromes are rare, complex primary immunodeficiencies characterized by clinical manifestation diversity, by particular susceptibility to staphylococcal and mycotic infections as well as by a heterogeneous genetic origin. Two distinct entities - the classical hyper-IgE syndrome which is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and the autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome have been recognized. The autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome is associated with a cluster of facial, dental, skeletal, and connective tissue abnormalities which are not observable in the recessive type. In the majority of affected patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome a mutation in the signal transducer and the activator of the transcription 3 gene has been identified, leading to an impaired Th17 cells differentiation and to a downregulation of an antimicrobial response. A mutation in the dedicator of the cytokinesis 8 gene has been identified as the cause of many cases with autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome and, in one patient, a mutation in tyrosine kinase 2 gene has been demonstrated. In this paper, the authors provide a review of the clinical manifestations in the hyper-IgE syndromes with particular emphasis on the diversity of their phenotypic expression and present current diagnostic guidelines for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Street, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyper IgE syndrome: an update on clinical aspects and the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 8:527-33. [PMID: 18978467 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283184210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections, elevated serum IgE, and connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. We present newly recognized aspects of the clinical phenotype and discuss recent genetic and immunologic findings. RECENT FINDINGS In 2007, mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined to be the cause of autosomal-dominant HIES. Mutations lead to disruption of STAT3-dependent pathways, which are crucial for signaling of many cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-10. On the one hand, cells from STAT3-defective patients have a proinflammatory profile with elevated TNFalpha and IFNgamma; on the other hand, STAT3 mutations result in the inability to produce IL-17 or form Th17 cells. SUMMARY HIES was previously defined on the basis of clinical manifestations and laboratory markers that were not specific to the disease. With the identification of STAT3 mutations as the cause of HIES, we can definitively characterize the disease at molecular and immunologic levels. Future study of HIES and STAT3 will help us understand eczema, IgE regulation, infection susceptibility, coronary artery disease, scoliosis, and bronchiectasis as well as provide mechanistic insights into treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The hyper IgE syndromes (HIES) are rare primary immune deficiencies characterized by elevated serum IgE, rash, and recurrent bacterial infections of the skin and lung. Autosomal dominant HIES, the most common disease in this group, results from STAT3 mutations and has a variety of connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. The genetic etiologies of the more rare autosomal recessive forms still need delineation. Treatment of these syndromes has relied on prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agents and aggressive skin care. The new and evolving genetic and immunologic understandings of this previously elusive set of diseases should lead to more effective disease-specific therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
DeWitt CA, Bishop AB, Buescher LS, Stone SP. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: Two cases and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:855-65. [PMID: 16635666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare immunodeficiency associated with elevated serum IgE levels, eczematous skin, recurrent cutaneous infections, and distinctive musculoskeletal features. We report two cases seen at our institution and review the current literature. Patient 1 was an 18-month-old African American boy with recurrent staphylococcal cold abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia. He had severely eczematous skin, ultimately complicated by eczema herpeticum. After treatment of systemic infections with culture-directed antibiotics, a brief course of cyclosporine, 5 mg/kg, improved the dermatitis and allowed transition to long-term therapy with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Patient 2 was a 15-year-old Caucasian boy with long-standing HIES. He has been maintained on a regimen of interferon gamma injections given 3 times weekly and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin since the age of 3 years, prophylactic antibiotics, and low-dose fluconazole. He has occasional episodes of cold abscesses and sinusitis, but has had excellent control since institution of this regimen and has not experienced any adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A DeWitt
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McAuliffe NJ, Hunter ML, Kau CH, Hunter B, Knox J. The dental management of a patient with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome: a case report. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005; 15:127-30. [PMID: 15790371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2005.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E recurrent infection syndrome (also known as Job's syndrome) is a rare multi-system primary immunological disorder in which non-immunological abnormalities of the dentition, bones and connective tissue are also seen. A previous study has reported the occurrence of dental abnormalities in three-quarters of individuals diagnosed as suffering from this condition. The present authors report the case of a boy whose prolonged retention of the primary dentition was associated with delayed eruption of permanent teeth. They emphasize the need for early intervention in order to help minimize later orthodontic problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J McAuliffe
- Dental Health and Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulin-E syndrome is one of the primary immunodeficiency with the manifestations of recurrent infections especially with Staphylococcus aureus, characteristic facies, hyperextensibility of joints, multiple bone fractures, scoliosis, and delayed shedding of the primary teeth. It is a multisystem disease of autosomal dominant inheritance. Recently, a new type of hyper-IgE syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance was identified. Although Th1/Th2 imbalance has been suspected to be a cause of this diesease, it is not clarified yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito R, Mori M, Katakura S, Kobayashi N, Naruto T, Osamura Y, Aihara Y, Yokota S. Selective insufficiency of IFN-gamma secretion in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. Allergy 2003; 58:329-36. [PMID: 12708982 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome is a complex immune deficiency characterized by chronic eczematous dermatitis, recurrent staphylococcal infections, pneumatoceles, reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, and variably impaired T cell function. Although decreased interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome is pointed out and known as a cause of reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, precise mechanism of their inadequate production of IFN-gamma remains unknown. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the defective production of IFN-gamma in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome, we assessed the in vitro production and secretion of IFN-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. METHODS Chemotaxis of neutrophils, mRNA levels of several cytokines, intracellular production and extracellular secretion of IFN-gamma, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4 by PBMCs from three patients with hyper-IgE syndrome were determined. RESULTS The transcription of IFN-gamma mRNA and the production of its protein molecules progressed normally. However, selective insufficiency in the secretion of IFN-gamma molecules was found in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. Confocal laser scanning microscopy clearly demonstrated the accumulation of IFN-gamma in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that there was a selective insufficiency in the secretion of IFN-gamma in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome. We hope that this fact would offer a new paradigm for understanding this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ito
- Department of pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Fukuura kanazawaku Yokohama city, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohga S, Nomura A, Ihara K, Takahata Y, Suga N, Akeda H, Shibata R, Okamura J, Kinukawa N, Hara T. Cytokine imbalance in hyper-IgE syndrome: reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta and interferon gamma genes in circulating activated T cells. Br J Haematol 2003; 121:324-31. [PMID: 12694256 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent infections and marked immunoglobulin (Ig)E elevation. To assess the proper T-cell defects of HIES, the cytokine profile of naturally activated T cells was compared between HIES, atopic dermatitis and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Intracellular flow cytometric analysis after in vitro stimulation showed no difference in the proportion of interferon (IFN)gamma- or interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing T cells among these diseases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the cytokine genes was performed using circulating highly fractionated HLA-DR+ and HLA-DR- T cells. The IFNgamma/IL-4 or IFNgamma/IL-10 ratios were lower in HLA-DR+ T cells of HIES than in CGD (P = 0.0106, 0.0445), but did not differ between HIES and atopy. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)/IL-4 ratio in HLA-DR+ T cells of HIES was lower than that of atopy (0.0106) or CGD (0.0062). The TGFbeta/IL-4 ratio in HLA-DR- T cells of HIES was also lower than that of atopy (0.0285). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified TGFbeta/IL-4 ratios in HLA-DR+ (0.0001) or HLA-DR- (0.0086) T cells as the most powerful parameters to distinguish HIES from atopy and/or CGD. Serum IgE levels negatively correlated with IFNgamma/IL-4 (0.0108), IFNgamma/IL-10 (0.0254), or TGFbeta/IL-4 (0.0163) ratios in HLA-DR+, but not HLA-DR-, T cells. These results suggested that the in vivo activated T cells of HIES did not sufficiently express the IFNgamma and TGFbeta genes, which could affect IL-4-dependent IgE production. The reduced TGFbeta expression may involve the indigenous T-cell defects of HIES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Grimbacher
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chehimi J, Elder M, Greene J, Noroski L, Stiehm ER, Winkelstein JA, Sullivan KE. Cytokine and chemokine dysregulation in hyper-IgE syndrome. Clin Immunol 2001; 100:49-56. [PMID: 11414745 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome is characterized by severe recurrent staphylococcal infections, eczema, bone abnormalities, and markedly elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE). The genetic basis is not known and the central immunologic defect is largely undefined. Reduced neutrophil chemotaxis is often described, and variable T cell defects have been demonstrated in some patients. It has been hypothesized that hyper-IgE is associated with a Th1/Th2 imbalance. We wished to characterize cytokine and chemokine imbalances that might reflect the underlying disease process or reflect ongoing pathologic processes. Nine patients with hyper-IgE syndrome and six controls were studied. Radioimmunoassays, flow cytometry, and gene array analyses were performed to characterize cytokine and chemokine production. Hyper-IgE patients express more IL-12, while ENA-78, MCP-3, and eotaxin are markedly underexpressed. Underexpression of a set of chemokines could explain a number of features of hyper-IgE syndrome and may offer a new paradigm for the understanding of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chehimi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Erlewyn-Lajeunesse MD. Hyperimmunoglobulin-E syndrome with recurrent infection: a review of current opinion and treatment. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000; 11:133-41. [PMID: 10981522 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE) syndrome with recurrent infection is a rare idiopathic primary immunodeficiency. It consists of a severe dermatitis with recurrent abscess formation, respiratory tract infections and very high titres of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). Hyper-IgE syndrome is also associated with skeletal abnormalities. Variability of presentation makes it easy to confuse the diagnosis with that of severe atopy or other rare immunodeficiencies. The aim of this article is to review the literature in order to consider the clinical findings, etiology and treatment of this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Erlewyn-Lajeunesse
- Allergy and Inflammation Sciences Division (Child Health), School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Connell AC, Puck JM, Grimbacher B, Facchetti F, Majorana A, Gallin JI, Malech HL, Holland SM. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth in hyperimmunoglobulinemia E recurrent infection syndrome. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2000; 89:177-85. [PMID: 10673653 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of abnormal tooth eruption in patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (hyper-IgE) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN This study evaluated 34 individuals with hyper-IgE syndrome (age range, 2-40 years). A comprehensive dental history and a head and neck evaluation were performed on all patients. Dental age was assessed in patients younger than 17 years by 2 methods: (1) clinical assessment of tooth eruption and (2) a radiographic method. Relationships between the chronologic age, dental developmental age, and age at tooth eruption were determined. Other oral or dental anomalies were recorded. RESULTS Of patients older than 7 years, 75% reported problems with permanent tooth eruption, as evidenced by retained primary teeth or the need for elective extractions of primary teeth to allow eruption of permanent teeth. None of the patients experienced problems with eruption of primary teeth. Eruption of the first and second permanent molars also occurred on time. Dental maturity scores were established for 14 patients 17 years of age or younger. In each case, the difference between chronologic age and the estimated dental developmental age was less than 12 months; however, we found a significant discrepancy between the chronologic age and the mean age of tooth eruption in 80% of these patients when using a particular set of standardized values. Persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath was observed on histologic examination. Chronic multifocal oral candidiasis was a consistent feature in patients with hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome. Other oral anomalies were also noted. CONCLUSION We confirmed that a disorder of tooth eruption is part of the hyper-IgE syndrome. This problem occurs because of delayed primary tooth exfoliation rather than a developmental delay in the formation of the permanent dentition. The persistence of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is unusual and may be associated with the lack of resorption of the primary teeth. Dentists should be aware of this feature of hyper-IgE syndrome because timely intervention will allow normal eruption to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C O'Connell
- National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moneret-Vautrin DA, Kanny G, Thinus G. [Hyperglobulinemia E syndrome with recurrent infections (Job's syndrome)]. Rev Med Interne 1999; 20:133-40. [PMID: 10227091 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(99)83030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To provide definition and nosology of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E previously termed Job's syndrome or Buckleys' syndrome in the literature. Generalization of IgE dosages makes it more commonly diagnosed, though sometimes diagnosis may not be accurate. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS The clinical picture is dominated by recurring cutaneous and visceral bacterial infections, particularly infections due to staphylococci, and severe generalized eczema, which may be associated with osteoporosis. Biochemistry includes a high level of total and specific IgE and immunological abnormalities dominated by frequent absence of immune antibodies to staphylococci and disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis. Current pathogenic studies show dysregulation of TH1 and TH2 lymphocytes in favor of TH2 activation with depressed TH1 activation, leading to an imbalance in cytokine synthesis. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS New therapeutical possibilities with alpha and gamma interferon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Moneret-Vautrin
- Service de médecine interne, immunologie clinique et allergologie, hôpital Central, Nancy, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|