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Saito T, Espe M, Vikeså V, Bock C, Thomsen TH, Adam AC, Fernandes JMO, Skjaerven KH. One-carbon metabolism nutrients impact the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression in liver, enhancing protein synthesis in Atlantic salmon. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2318517. [PMID: 38404006 PMCID: PMC10900267 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2318517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of one-carbon (1C) metabolism micronutrients, which include B-vitamins and methionine, is essential for the healthy growth and development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the recent shift towards non-fish meal diets in salmon aquaculture has led to the need for reassessments of recommended micronutrient levels. Despite the importance of 1C metabolism in growth performance and various cellular regulations, the molecular mechanisms affected by these dietary alterations are less understood. To investigate the molecular effect of 1C nutrients, we analysed gene expression and DNA methylation using two types of omics data: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and reduced-representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS). We collected liver samples at the end of a feeding trial that lasted 220 days through the smoltification stage, where fish were fed three different levels of four key 1C nutrients: methionine, vitamin B6, B9, and B12. Our results indicate that the dosage of 1C nutrients significantly impacts genetic and epigenetic regulations in the liver of Atlantic salmon, particularly in biological pathways related to protein synthesis. The interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression in these pathways may play an important role in the mechanisms underlying growth performance affected by 1C metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Saito
- Feed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Espe
- Feed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Vikeså
- Skretting AI, Aquaculture Innovation, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anne-Catrin Adam
- Feed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kaja H Skjaerven
- Feed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Zhang CY, Zhang R. Bioinformatic analysis of the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of oocyte-arresting BTG4 mRNA expression in gynecological cancers. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2182672. [PMID: 36880525 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2182672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BTG4 arrests the cell cycle and suppresses oocyte and embryonic development. We performed a bioinformatic analysis of BTG4 expression. BTG4 expression was downregulated in breast cancer compared with normal tissues (p < .05), but the opposite was observed in cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers (p < .05). BTG4 methylation was negatively correlated with its mRNA expression in breast, cervical and endometrial cancers (p < .05). BTG4 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with T staging and distant metastasis of breast cancer; and with tumor invasion, clinical stage, low weight and BMI, low histological grade and no diabetes in endometrial cancer but positively with T stage and non-keratinizing squamous carcinoma in endometrial cancer. BTG4 expression was negatively correlated with the survival of ovarian cancer patients (p < .05), but positively for breast, cervical and endometrial cancers (p < .05). BTG4 expression is thus a potential marker reflecting the carcinogenesis, aggressiveness and prognosis in gynecological cancers.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Previous studies have revealed the structure and location of BTG4. BTG4 inhibit cell proliferative, promote apoptosis, induce G1 cell cycle arrest. BTG4 promotes the development of mouse embryos from cell stage 1 to 2. The methylation and biological function of BTG4 were clarified in gastric and/or colorectal cancer cells.What do the results of this study add? BTG4 is found to closely link to reflect the carcinogenesis, histogenesis, aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gynecological cancers, and involved in ligand-receptor interaction, microtubule motor activity, dynein light chain binding, cilium organization, assembly, and movement in endometrial and ovarian cancers.What are the implications of these finding for clinical practice and/or further research? Aberrant BTG4 mRNA expression can be employed as a marker of the tumorigenesis, histogenesis, aggressiveness and prognosis of gynecological cancers in the future practice and guide the investigation of BTG4-related signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Cong-Yu Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
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3
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Dan Hu Q, Wang H, Liu J, He T, Tan R, Zhang Q, Su H, Kantawong F, Lan H, Wang L. Btg2 Promotes Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis via Smad3-Dependent Podocyte-Mesenchymal Transition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304360. [PMID: 37749872 PMCID: PMC10646233 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a critical role in the progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here, it is reported that B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) promotes Adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS via Smad3-dependent podocyte-mesenchymal transition. It is found that in FSGS patients and animal models, Btg2 is markedly upregulated by podocytes and correlated with progressive renal injury. Podocyte-specific deletion of Btg2 protected against the onset of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in ADR-treated mice along with inhibition of EMT markers such as α-SMA and vimentin while restoring epithelial marker E-cadherin. In cultured MPC5 podocytes, overexpression of Btg2 largely promoted ADR and TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrosis, which is further enhanced by overexpressing Btg2 but blocked by disrupting Btg2. Mechanistically, Btg2 is rapidly induced by TGF-β1 and then bound Smad3 but not Smad2 to promote Smad3 signaling and podocyte EMT, which is again exacerbated by overexpressing Btg2 but blocked by deleting Btg2 in MPC5 podocytes. Interestingly, blockade of Smad3 signaling with a Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 is also capable of inhibiting Btg2 expression and Btg2-mediated podocyte EMT, revealing a TGF-β/Smad3-Btg2 circuit mechanism in Btg2-mediated podocyte injury in FSGS. In conclusion, Btg2 is pathogenic in FSGS and promotes podocyte injury via a Smad3-dependent EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong‐ Dan Hu
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou646000China
| | - Hong‐Lian Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Tao He
- Cancer Medicine InstituteCollege of Basic Medical SciencesSouthwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Rui‐Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Hong‐Wei Su
- Department of Urologythe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand
| | - Hui‐Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicinethe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySichuan646000China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhou646000China
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4
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Hamidi AA, Taghehchian N, Zangouei AS, Akhlaghipour I, Maharati A, Basirat Z, Moghbeli M. Molecular mechanisms of microRNA-216a during tumor progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36740668 PMCID: PMC9899407 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the members of non-coding RNAs family are involved in post-transcriptional regulation by translational inhibiting or mRNA degradation. They have a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation and migration. MiRNAs aberrations have been reported in various cancers. Considering the importance of these factors in regulation of cellular processes and their high stability in body fluids, these factors can be suggested as suitable non-invasive markers for the cancer diagnosis. MiR-216a deregulation has been frequently reported in different cancers. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the molecular mechanisms of the miR-216a during tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-216a mainly functioned as a tumor suppressor through the regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review paves the way to suggest the miR-216a as a probable therapeutic and diagnostic target in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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B-Cell Translocation Gene 2 Upregulation Is Associated with Favorable Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Prolonged Patient Survival. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1892459. [PMID: 36157236 PMCID: PMC9492418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is downexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, its role in LUAD survival remains unknown. This investigation is aimed at exploring the activity of BTG2 in LUAD. We analyzed BTG2 expression in LUAD datasets of the TCGA database and examined that BTG2 was markedly downregulated in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. The prognostic analysis suggested that higher expression of BTG2 protein correlates with prolonged survival in patients. Vectors expressing BTG2 were stably transduced into lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The overexpression of BTG2 in A549 cells causes cellular G1 phase arrest but did not affect cell proliferation, accompanied by increased activation of NF-κB. Our data indicate that BTG2 overexpression may trigger an autoregulatory prosurvival NF-κB pathway, which is resistant to environmental intervention owing to an increased level of BTG2.
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6
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Lin S, Wang L, Shi Z, Zhu A, Zhang G, Hong Z, Cheng C. Circular RNA circFLNA inhibits the development of bladder carcinoma through microRNA miR-216a-3p/BTG2 axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11376-11389. [PMID: 34852712 PMCID: PMC8810163 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circular RNA circFLNA is abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, but its role and mechanism in bladder carcinoma (BCa) are still unclear. The present paper aims to contribute to research on the effects and mechanism of circFLNA on the malignant phenotype of BCa. In this study, the expressions of circFLNA, miR-216a-3p and BTG2 in BCa and BCa cells (EJ, T24, 5637, TCC-SUP) were detected by qRT-PCR. EdU staining, colony formation, Transwell assay, wound healing assays, and sphere formation assay were used to measure the cell proliferation, viability, invasion, migration, and cell stemness of BCa cells after circFLNA overexpression. In addition, the correlation existed between miR-216a-3p and circFLNA or BTG2 was confirmed by Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay and RNA pull-down. Western blot was utilized to determine the expression of BTG2, MMP2, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (vimentin, E-cadherin) and stem cell-specific proteins (CD34, OCT4, SOX2). Our study confirmed that downregulated circFLNA and BTG2 expression and upregulated miR-216a-3p were found in both BCa tissues and cell lines. Meanwhile, upregulated circFLNA inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, EMT and stemness of BCa cells. MiR-216a-3p was a target gene of circFLNA and could target BTG2. Further analysis finally demonstrated that circFLNA sponged miR-216a-3p and indirectly promoted BTG2 expression, ultimately regulating proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of BCa cells. In conclusion, circFLNA inhibits the malignant phenotype of BCa cells and their stemness through miR-216a-3p/BTG2, thus suppressing BCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangquan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zimin Shi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengdong Hong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Urinary Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers of bladder Cancer and experimental verification of mechanism of miR-93-5p in bladder Cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1293. [PMID: 34861847 PMCID: PMC8641206 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Early diagnosis of it can significantly improve patients’ survival and quality of life. Urinary exosomes (UEs)-derived miRNAs might be a promising biomarker for BC detection. Method A total of 12 patients with BC and 4 non-cancerous participants (as healthy control) were recruited from a single center between March 2018 and December 2019 as the discovery set. Midstream urine samples from each participants were collected and high-throughput sequencing and differentially expression analysis were conducted. Combined with miRNA expression profile of BC tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), miRNAs biomarkers for BC were determined. Candidate miRNAs as biomarkers were selected followed by verification with a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in an independent validation cohort consisting of 53 BC patients and 51 healthy controls. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic performance of UE-derived miRNAs. The possible mechanism of miRNAs were revealed by bioinformatic analysis and explored in vitro experiments. Results We identified that miR-93-5p, miR-516a-5p were simultaneously significantly increased both in UEs from BC compared with healthy control and BC tissue compared with normal tissue, which were verified by RT-qPCR in the validation cohort. Subsequently, the performance to discover BC of the miR-93-5p, miR-516a-5p was further verified with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.838 and 0.790, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of urine cytology (AUC = 0.630). Moreover, miR-93-5p was significantly increased in muscle-invasive BC compared with non-muscle-invasive BC with an AUC of 0.769. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2) gene may be the hub target gene of miR-93-5p. In vitro experiments verified that miR-93-5p suppressed BTG2 expression and promoted BC cells proliferation, invasion and migration. Conclusion Urine derived exosomes have a distinct miRNA profile in BC patients, and urinary exosomal miRNAs could be used as a promising non-invasive tool to detect BC. In vitro experiments suggested that miR-93-5p overexpression may contribute to BC progression via suppressing BTG2 expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08926-x.
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8
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Amine H, Ripin N, Sharma S, Stoecklin G, Allain FH, Séraphin B, Mauxion F. A conserved motif in human BTG1 and BTG2 proteins mediates interaction with the poly(A) binding protein PABPC1 to stimulate mRNA deadenylation. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2450-2465. [PMID: 34060423 PMCID: PMC8632095 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1925476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferative BTG/Tob proteins interact directly with the CAF1 deadenylase subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex. This binding requires the presence of two conserved motifs, boxA and boxB, characteristic of the BTG/Tob APRO domain. Consistently, these proteins were shown to stimulate mRNA deadenylation and decay in several instances. Two members of the family, BTG1 and BTG2, were reported further to associate with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 through a motif, boxC, conserved only in this subset of proteins. We recently demonstrated that BTG1 and BTG2 also contact the first RRM domain of the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein PABPC1. To decipher the mode of interaction of BTG1 and BTG2 with partners, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance experiments as well as mutational and biochemical analyses. Our data demonstrate that, in the context of an APRO domain, the boxC motif is necessary and sufficient to allow interaction with PABPC1 but, unexpectedly, that it is not required for BTG2 association with PRMT1. We show further that the presence of a boxC motif in an APRO domain endows it with the ability to stimulate deadenylation in cellulo and in vitro. Overall, our results identify the molecular interface allowing BTG1 and BTG2 to activate deadenylation, a process recently shown to be necessary for maintaining T-cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Amine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Ripin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frédéric H Allain
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Séraphin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabienne Mauxion
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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9
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Almasmoum HA, Airhihen B, Seedhouse C, Winkler GS. Frequent loss of BTG1 activity and impaired interactions with the Caf1 subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:281-290. [PMID: 33021411 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1827243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the highly similar genes B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 are identified in approximately 10-15% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, which may suggest a direct involvement of BTG1 and BTG2 in malignant transformation. However, it is unclear whether or how disease-associated mutations impair the function of these genes. Therefore, we selected 16 BTG1 variants based on in silico analysis. We then evaluated (i) the ability of these variants to interact with the known protein-binding partners CNOT7 and CNOT8, which encode the Caf1 catalytic subunit of the Ccr4-Not deadenylase complex; (ii) the activity of the variant proteins in cell cycle progression; (iii) translational repression; and (iv) mRNA degradation. Based on these analyses, we conclude that mutations in BTG1 may contribute to malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation by interfering with its anti-proliferative activity and ability to interact with CNOT7 and CNOT8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah Ali Almasmoum
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blessing Airhihen
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Hu D, Gu Y, Wu D, Zhang J, Li Q, Luo J, Li S, Yuan Z, Zhu B. Icariside II protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia‑induced injury by upregulating the miR‑7‑5p/BTG2 axis and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1453-1465. [PMID: 32945347 PMCID: PMC7447325 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariside II (ICS II) has been reported to have protective effects against oxidative stress. However, whether ICS II protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction (MI), and the associated underlying mechanisms, remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of ICS II on hypoxia‑injured H9c2 cells, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. A hypoxic injury model was established to emulate the effects of MI. The effects of ICS II on the proliferation of rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were assessed with cell counting kit‑8 assays. The apoptotic status of the cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of apoptosis‑related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. A microRNA (miRNA/miR) microarray was used to quantify the differential expression of miRNAs after ICS II treatment, and the levels of miR‑7‑5p were further quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Whether ICS II affected hypoxia‑injured cells via miR‑7‑5p was subsequently examined, and the target of miR‑7‑5p was also investigated by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. The effects of ICS II on the PI3K/Akt pathway were then evaluated by western blot analysis. Hypoxia treatment decreased viability and the migration and invasion abilities of H9c2 cells, and also induced apoptosis. ICS II significantly increased viability and reduced hypoxia‑associated apoptosis. Moreover, ICS II treatment led to the upregulation of miR‑7‑5p, and the protective effects of ICS II were found to rely on miR‑7‑5p. Moreover, BTG anti‑proliferation factor (BTG2) was identified as a direct target of miR‑7‑5p, and overexpression of BTG2 inhibited the protective effects of miR‑7‑5p. Finally, ICS II treatment resulted in the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is essential for the survival of H9c2 cells under hypoxic conditions. In summary, ICS II reduces hypoxic injury in H9c2 cells via the miR‑7‑5p/BTG2 axis and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Thoracic Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Shaochuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330321, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang N, Jiang T, Wang Y, Hu L, Bu Y. BTG4 is A Novel p53 Target Gene That Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020217. [PMID: 32093041 PMCID: PMC7074044 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BTG4 is the last cloned and poorly studied member of BTG/Tob family. Studies have suggested that BTG4 is critical for the degradation of maternal mRNAs in mice during the process of maternal-to-zygotic transition, and downregulated in cancers, such as gastric cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of BTG4 and its function in cancers remain elusive. In this study, we have for the first time identified the promoter region of the human BTG4 gene. Serial luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the core promoter of BTG4 is mainly located within the 388 bp region near its transcription initiation site. Transcription factor binding site analysis revealed that the BTG4 promoter contains binding sites for canonical transcription factors, such as Sp1, whereas its first intron contains two overlapped consensus p53 binding sites. However, overexpression of Sp1 has negligible effects on BTG4 promoter activity, and site-directed mutagenesis assay further suggested that Sp1 is not a critical transcription factor for the transcriptional regulation of BTG4. Of note, luciferase assay revealed that one of the intronic p53 binding sites is highly responsive to p53. Both exogenous p53 overexpression and adriamycin-mediated endogenous p53 activation result in the transcriptional upregulation of BTG4. In addition, BTG4 is downregulated in lung and colorectal cancers, and overexpression of BTG4 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that BTG4 is a novel p53-regulated gene and probably functions as a tumor suppressor in lung and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (N.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (N.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (N.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lanyue Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (N.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (N.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-68485991
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12
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Kasper C, Hebert FO, Aubin-Horth N, Taborsky B. Divergent brain gene expression profiles between alternative behavioural helper types in a cooperative breeder. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4136-4151. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kasper
- Behavioural Ecology; University of Bern; Hinterkappelen Switzerland
| | - Francois Olivier Hebert
- Département de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie et Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology; University of Bern; Hinterkappelen Switzerland
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13
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Shen S, Zhang R, Guo Y, Loehrer E, Wei Y, Zhu Y, Yuan Q, Moran S, Fleischer T, Bjaanaes MM, Karlsson A, Planck M, Staaf J, Helland Å, Esteller M, Su L, Chen F, Christiani DC. A multi-omic study reveals BTG2 as a reliable prognostic marker for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:913-924. [PMID: 29656435 PMCID: PMC5983115 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a tumour suppressor protein known to be downregulated in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated a potential role for BTG2 in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. We analysed BTG2 methylation data from 1230 early-stage NSCLC patients from five international cohorts, as well as gene expression data from 3038 lung cancer cases from multiple cohorts. Three CpG probes (cg01798157, cg06373167, cg23371584) that detected BTG2 hypermethylation in tumour tissues were associated with lower overall survival. The prognostic model based on methylation could distinguish patient survival in the four cohorts [hazard ratio (HR) range, 1.51-2.21] and the independent validation set (HR = 1.85). In the expression analysis, BTG2 expression was positively correlated with survival in each cohort (HR range, 0.28-0.68), which we confirmed with meta-analysis (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.54-0.68). The three CpG probes were all negatively correlated with BTG2 expression. Importantly, an integrative model of BTG2 methylation, expression and clinical information showed better predictive ability in the training set and validation set. In conclusion, the methylation and integrated prognostic signatures based on BTG2 are stable and reliable biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC. They may have new applications for appropriate clinical adjuvant trials and personalized treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Loehrer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qianyu Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Maria M Bjaanaes
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Manel Esteller
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Big Data, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,China International Cooperation Center of Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Chen H, Pan H, Qian Y, Zhou W, Liu X. MiR-25-3p promotes the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer by targeting BTG2. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:4. [PMID: 29310680 PMCID: PMC5759260 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly invasive and aggressive and lacks specific molecular targets to improve the prognosis. MiR-25-3p promotes proliferation of many tumors and its role and underlying mechanisms in TNBC remain to be well elucidated. Methods Differential expression of miR-25-3p in TNBC was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in both TNBC tissues and cell lines and was validated in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The effects of miR-25-3p on proliferation, apoptosis capacity of TNBC were evaluated using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI analyses. The tumor growth in vivo was observed in xenograft model. Luciferase reporter assay, qPCR and western blot were performed to validate a potential target of miR-25-3p in TNBC. Involvement of the AKT and MAPK pathways was investigated by western blot. Results MiR-25-3p was found to be upregulated in TNBC in tissues and cell lines. MiR-25-3p promoted TNBC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in xenograft model, while suppression of miR-25-3p induced cell apoptosis. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) might be a direct target of miR-25-3p, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-25-3p. Moreover, inhibition of BTG2 expression accounted for the role of miR-25-3p in TNBC. Furthermore, BTG2 suppression might indirectly activate the AKT and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways to mediate the downstream effects of miR-25-3p. Conclusions This study demonstrates that miR-25-3p promotes proliferation by targeting tumor suppressor BTG2 and may identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0754-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Das S, Sarkar D, Das B. The interplay between transcription and mRNA degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:212-228. [PMID: 28706937 PMCID: PMC5507684 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.07.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular transcriptome is shaped by both the rates of mRNA synthesis in the nucleus and mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm under a specified condition. The last decade witnessed an exciting development in the field of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression which underscored a strong functional coupling between the transcription and mRNA degradation. The functional integration is principally mediated by a group of specialized promoters and transcription factors that govern the stability of their cognate transcripts by “marking” them with a specific factor termed “coordinator.” The “mark” carried by the message is later decoded in the cytoplasm which involves the stimulation of one or more mRNA-decay factors, either directly by the “coordinator” itself or in an indirect manner. Activation of the decay factor(s), in turn, leads to the alteration of the stability of the marked message in a selective fashion. Thus, the integration between mRNA synthesis and decay plays a potentially significant role to shape appropriate gene expression profiles during cell cycle progression, cell division, cellular differentiation and proliferation, stress, immune and inflammatory responses, and may enhance the rate of biological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasish Sarkar
- Present Address: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA
| | - Biswadip Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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16
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Gao SS, Yang XH, Wang M. Inhibitory effects of B-cell translocation gene 2 on skin cancer cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3464-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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BTG4 is a meiotic cell cycle-coupled maternal-zygotic-transition licensing factor in oocytes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:387-94. [PMID: 27065194 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mRNAs stored in oocytes undergo general decay during the maternal-zygotic transition (MZT), and their stability is tightly interconnected with meiotic cell-cycle progression. However, the factors that trigger decay of maternal mRNA and couple this event to oocyte meiotic maturation remain elusive. Here, we identified B-cell translocation gene-4 (BTG4) as an MZT licensing factor in mice. BTG4 bridged CNOT7, a catalytic subunit of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase, to eIF4E, a key translation initiation factor, and facilitated decay of maternal mRNA. Btg4-null females produced morphologically normal oocytes but were infertile, owing to early developmental arrest. The intrinsic MAP kinase cascade in oocytes triggered translation of Btg4 mRNA stored in fully grown oocytes by targeting the 3' untranslated region, thereby coupling CCR4-NOT deadenylase-mediated decay of maternal mRNA with oocyte maturation and fertilization. This is a key step in oocyte cytoplasmic maturation that determines the developmental potential of mammalian embryos.
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18
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Bonnet A, Servin B, Mulsant P, Mandon-Pepin B. Spatio-Temporal Gene Expression Profiling during In Vivo Early Ovarian Folliculogenesis: Integrated Transcriptomic Study and Molecular Signature of Early Follicular Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141482. [PMID: 26540452 PMCID: PMC4634757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The successful achievement of early ovarian folliculogenesis is important for fertility and reproductive life span. This complex biological process requires the appropriate expression of numerous genes at each developmental stage, in each follicular compartment. Relatively little is known at present about the molecular mechanisms that drive this process, and most gene expression studies have been performed in rodents and without considering the different follicular compartments. Results We used RNA-seq technology to explore the sheep transcriptome during early ovarian follicular development in the two main compartments: oocytes and granulosa cells. We documented the differential expression of 3,015 genes during this phase and described the gene expression dynamic specific to these compartments. We showed that important steps occurred during primary/secondary transition in sheep. We also described the in vivo molecular course of a number of pathways. In oocytes, these pathways documented the chronology of the acquisition of meiotic competence, migration and cellular organization, while in granulosa cells they concerned adhesion, the formation of cytoplasmic projections and steroid synthesis. This study proposes the involvement in this process of several members of the integrin and BMP families. The expression of genes such as Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) and BMP binding endothelial regulator (BMPER) was highlighted for the first time during early follicular development, and their proteins were also predicted to be involved in gene regulation. Finally, we selected a data set of 24 biomarkers that enabled the discrimination of early follicular stages and thus offer a molecular signature of early follicular growth. This set of biomarkers includes known genes such as SPO11 meiotic protein covalently bound to DSB (SPO11), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and WEE1 homolog 2 (S. pombe)(WEE2) which play critical roles in follicular development but other biomarkers are also likely to play significant roles in this process. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo spatio-temporal exploration of transcriptomes derived from early follicles in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bonnet
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENSAT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31076 Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bertrand Servin
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENSAT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Mulsant
- INRA, UMR 1388 GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENSAT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage), F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Beatrice Mandon-Pepin
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Mano H, Nakatani S, Kimira Y, Mano M, Sekiguchi Y, Im RH, Shimizu J, Wada M. Age-related decrease of IF5/BTG4 in oral and respiratory cavities in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:960-8. [PMID: 25660503 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1008976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An IF5 cDNA was isolated by expression cloning from a mouse oocyte cDNA library. It encoded a protein of 250 amino acids, and the region of it encoding amino acids 1-137 showed 86.8% alignment with the anti-proliferative domain of BTG/TOB family genes. This gene is also termed BTG4 or PC3B. Transiently expressed IF5/BTG4 induced alkaline phosphatase activity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and 2T3 cells. IF5/BTG4 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in pharynx, larynx, trachea, oviduct, ovary, caput epididymis, and testis, but not in lung, intestine, or liver. Immunohistochemistry showed the IF5/BTG4 protein to be present in epithelial cells of the tongue, palate, pharynx, internal nose, and trachea. Both protein and mRNA levels of IF5/BTG4 were reduced by aging when comparing 4-week-old mice with 48-week-old mice. Our findings suggest that IF5/BTG4 may be an aging-related gene in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mano
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Josai University , Sakado , Japan
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20
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MAO BIJING, ZHANG ZHIMIN, WANG GE. BTG2: A rising star of tumor suppressors (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:459-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Ryu MS, Woo MY, Kwon D, Hong AE, Song KY, Park S, Lim IK. Accumulation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells in B16-melanoma and proliferation of mature T cells in TIS21-knockout mice after T cell receptor stimulation. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:209-21. [PMID: 25088256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro effects of TIS21 gene on the mature T cell activation and antitumor activities were explored by employing MO5 melanoma orthograft and splenocytes isolated from the TIS21-knockout (KO)(2) mice. Proliferation and survival of mature T cells were significantly increased in the KO than the wild type (WT3)e cells, indicating that TIS21 inhibits the rate of mature T cell proliferation and its survival. In MO5 melanoma orthograft model, the KO mice recruited much more CD8(+) T cells into the tumors at around day 14 after tumor cell injection along with reduced tumor volumes compared with the WT. The increased frequency of granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in splenocytes of the KO mice compared with the WT may account for antitumor-immunity of TIS21 gene in the melanoma orthograft. In contrast, reduced frequencies of CD107a+ CD8+ T cells in the splenocytes of KO mice may affect the loss of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the orthograft at around day 19. These results indicate that TIS21 exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in mature T cells, and differentially affects the frequencies of granzyme B+ CD8+ T-cells and CD107a+ CD8+ T-cells, thus transiently regulating in vivo anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Allen E Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cul-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-380, Republic of Korea
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MicroRNA-34a: a potential therapeutic target in human cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1327. [PMID: 25032850 PMCID: PMC4123066 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the three untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. Deregulations of miRs were shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Recent research efforts have been devoted to translating these basic discoveries into applications that could improve the therapeutic outcome of patients with cancer. MiR-34a is a highly conserved miR throughout many different species. In humans, there are three homologs (hsa-miR34a, hsa-miR-34b and hsa-miR-34c). Early studies have shown that miR-34a acts as a tumor-suppressor gene by targeting many oncogenes related to proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. In this review, we provide a complex overview of miR-34a, including regulating its expression, its known functions in cancer and future challenges as a potential therapeutic target in human cancers.
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Abstract
The last one and half a decade witnessed an outstanding re-emergence of attention and remarkable progress in the field of protein methylation. In the present article, we describe the early discoveries in research and review the role protein methylation played in the biological function of the antiproliferative gene, BTG2/TIS21/PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ki Paik
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangduk Kim
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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24
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Bonnet A, Cabau C, Bouchez O, Sarry J, Marsaud N, Foissac S, Woloszyn F, Mulsant P, Mandon-Pepin B. An overview of gene expression dynamics during early ovarian folliculogenesis: specificity of follicular compartments and bi-directional dialog. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:904. [PMID: 24350644 PMCID: PMC3890531 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful early folliculogenesis is crucial for female reproductive function. It requires appropriate gene specific expression of the different types of ovarian cells at different developmental stages. To date, most gene expression studies on the ovary were conducted in rodents and did not distinguish the type of cell. In mono-ovulating species, few studies have addressed gene expression profiles and mainly concerned human oocytes. Results We used a laser capture microdissection method combined with RNA-seq technology to explore the transcriptome in oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) during development of the sheep ovarian follicle. We first documented the expression profile of 15 349 genes, then focused on the 5 129 genes showing differential expression between oocytes and GCs. Enriched functional categories such as oocyte meiotic arrest and GC steroid synthesis reflect two distinct cell fates. We identified the implication of GC signal transduction pathways such as SHH, WNT and RHO GTPase. In addition, signaling pathways (VEGF, NOTCH, IGF1, etc.) and GC transzonal projections suggest the existence of complex cell-cell interactions. Finally, we highlighted several transcription regulators and specifically expressed genes that likely play an important role in early folliculogenesis. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive exploration of transcriptomes derived from in vivo oocytes and GCs at key stages in early follicular development in sheep. Collectively, our data advance our understanding of early folliculogenesis in mono-ovulating species and will be a valuable resource for unraveling human ovarian dysfunction such as premature ovarian failure (POF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bonnet
- INRA, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Auzeville, BP52627, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Imran M, Lim IK. Regulation of Btg2(/TIS21/PC3) expression via reactive oxygen species-protein kinase C-ΝFκΒ pathway under stress conditions. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2400-12. [PMID: 23876794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), an ortholog of mouse TIS21 (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate inducible sequence 21) and rat PC3 (Pheochromocytoma Cell 3), is a tumor suppressor gene that belongs to an antiproliferative gene family. Btg2 is involved in a variety of biological processes including cell growth, development, differentiation, senescence, and cell death and its expression is strongly regulated by p53. Recently, we have reported transient induction of Btg2 expression in response to oxidative damage; however, the regulatory mechanism was not explored. In the present study we revealed ΝFκΒ as the upstream mediator involved in Btg2 transcription in response to cell stress challenges such as serum deprivation and oxidative stress i.e. H2O2, TPA or doxorubicin treatments in several cell lines. We observed close interrelation between generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced IκBα degradation, nuclear translocation of ΝFκΒ (p65/RelA) and the significant increase of Btg2 expression independent of p53 status. ChIP analysis revealed an enrichment of RelA (p65) bound to the κB response element on Btg2 promoter in response to the cell stress challenges. Employing various inhibitors led to cytoplasmic accumulation of IκBα, decreased p65 nuclear translocation along with significant reduction of Btg2 expression. Generation of ROS was the common event mediating ΝFκΒ activation and Btg2 transcription. Furthermore, PKC activation was also found to be a critical factor mediating ROS-mediated signals to NFκB pathway that culminate on Btg2 regulation, and specifically PKC-δ was responsible for this regulation under oxidative stress. However, serum deprivation-associated ROS generation bypassed PKC activation for induction of Btg2 expression via NFκB activation. The present data imply that oxidative stress upregulates Btg2 expression via ROS-PKC-ΝFκΒ cascade, independent of p53 status that in turn could be involved in mediating various biological phenotypes depending on the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BK21 Cell Transformation and Restoration Project, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, Republic of Korea
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Tirone F, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Leonardi L. Genetic control of adult neurogenesis: interplay of differentiation, proliferation and survival modulates new neurons function, and memory circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:59. [PMID: 23734097 PMCID: PMC3653098 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the hippocampal circuitry, the basic function of the dentate gyrus is to transform the memory input coming from the enthorinal cortex into sparse and categorized outputs to CA3, in this way separating related memory information. New neurons generated in the dentate gyrus during adulthood appear to facilitate this process, allowing a better separation between closely spaced memories (pattern separation). The evidence underlying this model has been gathered essentially by ablating the newly adult-generated neurons. This approach, however, does not allow monitoring of the integration of new neurons into memory circuits and is likely to set in motion compensatory circuits, possibly leading to an underestimation of the role of new neurons. Here we review the background of the basic function of the hippocampus and of the known properties of new adult-generated neurons. In this context, we analyze the cognitive performance in mouse models generated by us and others, with modified expression of the genes Btg2 (PC3/Tis21), Btg1, Pten, BMP4, etc., where new neurons underwent a change in their differentiation rate or a partial decrease of their proliferation or survival rate rather than ablation. The effects of these modifications are equal or greater than full ablation, suggesting that the architecture of circuits, as it unfolds from the interaction between existing and new neurons, can have a greater functional impact than the sheer number of new neurons. We propose a model which attempts to measure and correlate the set of cellular changes in the process of neurogenesis with the memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy
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Chu T, Dufort I, Sirard MA. Effect of ovarian stimulation on oocyte gene expression in cattle. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1928-38. [PMID: 22444561 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to analyze the impact of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, ovarian stimulation) on the transcriptome of in vivo bovine oocytes three times around the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. In vivo bovine oocytes were collected 2 h pre-LH surge, 6 h post-LH surge, and 22 h post-LH surge in both naturally ovulating and superovulated animals. To assess potential changes in gene levels, samples were hybridized using a custom bovine microarray. Two series of hybridizations were performed: the first comparing natural vs. stimulated cycles, the second according to time of collection. Among the potential candidates, 13 genes were selected according to their degree of differential expression and their potential link to oocyte competence. Measurements of their relative mRNA levels was made using QPCR. Gene candidates BTG4 (P = 0.0006), PTTG1 (P = 0.0027), PAPOLA (P = 0.0245), and LEO1 (P = 0.0393) had higher mRNA levels in oocytes treated with FSH for all collection times when compared to oocytes produced through the natural cycle. Among our selected candidates, only one gene, GDF9 (P = 0.0261), was present at a higher level in oocytes collected at -2 h and 6 h than 22 h post-LH for all treatments, regardless of the presence of FSH. Although the number of genes influenced by ovarian stimulation seemed low, the observed differences occurred at a time of minimal transcriptional activity and supported the potential impact on the future embryo. These impacts could have been epigenetic in nature, as embryo quality was not reported to be different from stimulated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chu
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Dèpartement des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Won HH, Lee J, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Kim JW, Lee SY, Park SH. Polymorphic markers associated with severe oxaliplatin-induced, chronic peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer patients. Cancer 2011; 118:2828-36. [PMID: 22020760 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify potential genetic markers for severe oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral neuropathy (OXCPN), the authors performed a genome-wide association analysis of patients with colon cancer who received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. METHODS This was a prospective study in which DNA was purified in peripheral blood from patients with colon cancer who received oxaliplatin. The primary endpoint was the development of severe (grade 2 lasting for >7 days or grade 3) OXCPN. For the discovery set, genotyping was done for 96 patients who received adjuvant fluorouracil and oxaliplatin using the a genome-wide human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. An association between polymorphisms and severe OXCPN was investigated. At the same time, 247 patients who received oxaliplatin-based, first-line chemotherapy for advanced disease were enrolled as a validation set. RESULTS Among the 32 genotyped candidate SNPs selected from the discovery set, 9 SNPs in 8 genes (tachykinin, precursor 1[TAC1]; forkhead box C1 [FOXC1]; integrin, alpha 1 [ITGA1]; acylphosphatase 2, muscle type [ACYP2]; deleted in lymphocytic leukemia, 7 [DLEU7]; B-cell translocation gene 4 [BTG4]; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1 [CAMK2N1]; and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase 2 [FARS2]) had nominal replication (P < .05). The most significant association was observed at reference SNP number (rs)10486003 in TAC1 (P = 4.84 × 10(-7)) in combined data from 2 sets. Five SNPs (rs10486003, rs2338, rs830884, rs843748, and rs797519) were significant in a multiple regression analysis (P < .05). Overall prediction accuracy calculated by the regression model was 72.8% (95% confidence interval, 65.8%-79.9%) in the model development and 75.9% (95% confidence interval, 66.9%-84.9%) in the model evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that a genome-wide pharmacogenomic approach is useful for identifying novel polymorphism predictors of severe OXCPN that may be used in personalized chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Conte D, MacWilliams HK, Ceccarelli A. BTG interacts with retinoblastoma to control cell fate in Dictyostelium. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9676. [PMID: 20300194 PMCID: PMC2837350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the genesis of many tissues, a phase of cell proliferation is followed by cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. The latter two processes overlap: genes involved in the cessation of growth may also be important in triggering differentiation. Though conceptually distinct, they are often causally related and functional interactions between the cell cycle machinery and cell fate control networks are fundamental to coordinate growth and differentiation. A switch from proliferation to differentiation may also be important in the life cycle of single-celled organisms, and genes which arose as regulators of microbial differentiation may be conserved in higher organisms. Studies in microorganisms may thus contribute to understanding the molecular links between cell cycle machinery and the determination of cell fate choice networks. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that in the amoebozoan D. discoideum, an ortholog of the metazoan antiproliferative gene btg controls cell fate, and that this function is dependent on the presence of a second tumor suppressor ortholog, the retinoblastoma-like gene product. Specifically, we find that btg-overexpressing cells preferentially adopt a stalk cell (and, more particularly, an Anterior-Like Cell) fate. No btg-dependent preference for ALC fate is observed in cells in which the retinoblastoma-like gene has been genetically inactivated. Dictyostelium btg is the only example of non-metazoan member of the BTG family characterized so far, suggesting that a genetic interaction between btg and Rb predated the divergence between dictyostelids and metazoa. Conclusions/Significance While the requirement for retinoblastoma function for BTG antiproliferative activity in metazoans is known, an interaction of these genes in the control of cell fate has not been previously documented. Involvement of a single pathway in the control of mutually exclusive processes may have relevant implication in the evolution of multicellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conte
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mauxion F, Chen CYA, Séraphin B, Shyu AB. BTG/TOB factors impact deadenylases. Trends Biochem Sci 2009; 34:640-7. [PMID: 19828319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BTG/TOB factors are a family of antiproliferative proteins whose expression is altered in numerous cancers. They have been implicated in cell differentiation, development and apoptosis. Although proposed to affect transcriptional regulation, these factors interact with CAF1, a subunit of the main eukaryotic deadenylase, and with poly(A)-binding-proteins, strongly suggesting a role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The recent determination of the structures of BTG2, TOB1 N-terminal domain (TOB1N138) and TOB1N138-CAF1 complexes support a role for BTG/TOB proteins in mRNA deadenylation, a function corroborated by recently published functional characterizations. We highlight molecular mechanisms by which BTG/TOB proteins influence deadenylation and discuss the need for a better understanding of BTG/TOB physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Mauxion
- Equipe Labellisée La Ligue, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS FRE3144, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Impact of BTG2 expression on proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:2579-86. [PMID: 19728149 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BTG2 (B cell translocation gene 2) is downregulated in several human tumors and has been known as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis of thymus, prostate, kidney, and liver. However, little is known about the role BTG2 plays in gastric adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we intended to investigate the influence of BTG2 on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and cell cycle of the gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and MKN45. BTG2 cDNA was insected into a constitutive vector pcDNA3.1 followed by transfection in gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and SGC7901 by using liposome. Then stable transfectants were selected and appraised. The apoptosis and cell cycles of these transfectants were analyzed by using flow cytometric assay. The growth and proliferation were analyzed by cell growth curves and colony-forming assay, respectively. The invasion of these clones was analyzed by using cell migration assay. MKN-BTG2 (MKN45 with stable transfection of BTG2 gene) and SGC-BTG2 (SGC7901 with stable transfection of BTG2 gene) grew slower than their control groups, respectively. The cell counts of MKN-BTG2 in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh days were significantly fewer than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Those of SGC-BTG2 in the fourth fifth, sixth and seventh days were significantly fewer than those of control groups too (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that proportions of MKN-BTG2 and SGC-BTG2 cells in G0-G1 and S were different significantly with those of their control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of MKN-BTG2 was significantly higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05). Results of colony-forming assay showed that the colon formation rates of MKN-BTG2 and SGC-BTG2 were lower than those of their control groups (P < 0.05). The results of cell migration assay showed that the cell migration rates of MKN-BTG2 and SGC-BTG2 were not significantly different with those of their control groups (P > 0.05). BTG2 can restrain the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells powerfully. It can reduce some malignant phenotype of these tumor cells. But it could not impact the ability of invasion of gastric cancer cells, so could not restrain the metastasis of gastric cancer. In gastric cancer, BTG2 could be thought as a tumor-inhibiting gene in some distance, so the gene could be a potential target of gene therapy.
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Li F, Liu J, Park ES, Jo M, Curry TE. The B cell translocation gene (BTG) family in the rat ovary: hormonal induction, regulation, and impact on cell cycle kinetics. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3894-902. [PMID: 19359386 PMCID: PMC2717857 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The B cell translocation gene (BTG) family regulates gene transcription and cellular differentiation and inhibits proliferation. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of BTG members and their potential role in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Immature female rats (22-23 d old) were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin to stimulate follicular development. Ovaries or granulosa cells were collected at various times after hCG administration (n = 3 per time point). Real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA for Btg1, Btg2, and Btg3 were highly induced both in intact ovaries and granulosa cells by 4-8 h after hCG treatment, although their temporal expression patterns differed. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that Btg1 mRNA expression was highly induced in theca cells at 4 h after hCG, primarily localized to granulosa cells at 8 h, and decreased at 24 h. Btg2 and Btg3 mRNA was also induced in granulosa cells; however, Btg2 mRNA was observed in newly forming corpora lutea. Inhibition of progesterone action and the epidermal growth factor pathway did not change Btg1 and Btg2 mRNA expression, whereas inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or RUNX activity diminished Btg2 mRNA levels. Overexpression of BTG1 or BTG2 arrested granulosa cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and decreased cell apoptosis. In summary, hCG induced Btg1, Btg2, and Btg3 mRNA expression predominantly in the granulosa cell compartment. Our findings suggest that the induction of the BTG family may be important for theca and granulosa cell differentiation into luteal cells by arresting cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
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Horiuchi M, Takeuchi K, Noda N, Muroya N, Suzuki T, Nakamura T, Kawamura-Tsuzuku J, Takahasi K, Yamamoto T, Inagaki F. Structural basis for the antiproliferative activity of the Tob-hCaf1 complex. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:13244-55. [PMID: 19276069 PMCID: PMC2676056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809250200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tob/BTG family is a group of antiproliferative proteins containing two highly homologous regions, Box A and Box B. These proteins all associate with CCR4-associated factor 1 (Caf1), which belongs to the ribonuclease D (RNase D) family of deadenylases and is a component of the CCR4-Not deadenylase complex. Here we determined the crystal structure of the complex of the N-terminal region of Tob and human Caf1 (hCaf1). Tob exhibited a novel fold, whereas hCaf1 most closely resembled the catalytic domain of yeast Pop2 and human poly(A)-specific ribonuclease. Interestingly, the association of hCaf1 was mediated by both Box A and Box B of Tob. Cell growth assays using both wild-type and mutant proteins revealed that deadenylase activity of Caf1 is not critical but complex formation is crucial to cell growth inhibition. Caf1 tethers Tob to the CCR4-Not deadenylase complex, and thereby Tob gathers several factors at its C-terminal region, such as poly(A)-binding proteins, to exert antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Horiuchi
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tzachanis D, Boussiotis VA. Tob, a member of the APRO family, regulates immunological quiescence and tumor suppression. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1019-25. [PMID: 19270514 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.7.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a state characterized by decreased cell size and metabolic activity. Quiescence acts to reduce the resources, energy and space. Quiescence might also protect cells from accumulating metabolic damage that could result in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that cell quiescence is an actively maintained rather than a default state in the absence of signals. Quiescence factors represent potential tumor suppressor genes because alterations in their expression or function contribute to progression of malignancies. There is growing evidence that quiescence is under active transcriptional control. The regulation of cell proliferation involves dozens of extracellular signals and intracellular factors of various types. In the present review we will focus on the role of Tob, a member of the APRO family members in regulating cellular quiescence and inhibition of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tzachanis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Cancer Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Miyai K, Yoneda M, Hasegawa U, Toita S, Izu Y, Hemmi H, Hayata T, Ezura Y, Mizutani S, Miyazono K, Akiyoshi K, Yamamoto T, Noda M. ANA deficiency enhances bone morphogenetic protein-induced ectopic bone formation via transcriptional events. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10593-600. [PMID: 19234306 PMCID: PMC2667746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807677200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic bone formation after joint replacement or brain injury in humans is a serious complication that causes immobility of joints and severe pain. However, mechanisms underlying such ectopic bone formation are not fully understood. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) are defined as inducers of ectopic bone formation, and they are regulated by several types of inhibitors. ANA is an antiproliferative molecule that belongs to Tob/BTG family, but its activity in bone metabolism has not been known. Here, we examined the role of ANA on ectopic bone formation activity of BMP. In ANA-deficient and wild-type mice, BMP2 was implanted to induce ectopic bone formation in muscle. ANA deficiency increased mass of newly formed bone in vivo compared with wild-type based on 3D-muCT analyses. ANA mRNA was expressed in bone in vivo as well as in osteoblastic cells in vitro. Such ANA mRNA levels were increased by BMP2 treatment in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Overexpression of ANA suppressed BMP-induced expression of luciferase reporter gene linked to BMP response elements in these cells. Conversely, ANA mRNA knockdown by small interference RNA enhanced the BMP-dependent BMP response element reporter expression. It also enhanced BMP-induced osteoblastic differentiation in muscle-derived C2C12 cells. Immunoprecipitation assay indicated that ANA interacts with Smad8. Thus, ANA is a suppressor of ectopic bone formation induced by BMP, and this inhibitory ANA activity is a part of the negative feedback regulation of BMP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Kamaid A, Giráldez F. Btg1 and Btg2 gene expression during early chick development. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:2158-69. [PMID: 18651656 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Btg/Tob genes encode for a new family of proteins with antiproliferative functions, which are also able to stimulate cell differentiation. Btg1 and Btg2 are the most closely related members in terms of gene sequence. We analyzed their expression patterns in avian embryos by in situ hybridization, from embryonic day 1 to 3. Btg1 was distinctively expressed in the Hensen's node, the notochord, the cardiogenic mesoderm, the lens vesicle, and in the apical ectodermal ridge and mesenchyme of the limb buds. On the other hand, Btg2 expression domains included the neural plate border, presomitic mesoderm, trigeminal placode, and mesonephros. Both genes were commonly expressed in the myotome, epibranchial placodes, and dorsal neural tube. The results suggest that Btg1 and Btg2 are involved in multiple developmental processes. Overlapping expression of Btg1 and Btg2 may imply redundant functions, but unique expression patterns suggest also differential regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Kamaid
- Developmental Biology Group, DCEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Toyota M, Suzuki H, Sasaki Y, Maruyama R, Imai K, Shinomura Y, Tokino T. Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-34b/c and B-cell translocation gene 4 is associated with CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4123-32. [PMID: 18519671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is strongly implicated in cancer, and recent studies have shown that, in cancer, expression of some miRNAs cells is silenced in association with CpG island hypermethylation. To identify epigenetically silenced miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), we screened for miRNAs induced in CRC cells by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment or DNA methyltransferase knockout. We found that miRNA-34b (miR-34b) and miR-34c, two components of the p53 network, are epigenetically silenced in CRC; that this down-regulation of miR-34b/c is associated with hypermethylation of the neighboring CpG island; and that DAC treatment rapidly restores miR-34b/c expression. Methylation of the miR-34b/c CpG island was frequently observed in CRC cell lines (nine of nine, 100%) and in primary CRC tumors (101 of 111, 90%), but not in normal colonic mucosa. Transfection of precursor miR-34b or miR-34c into CRC cells induced dramatic changes in the gene expression profile, and there was significant overlap between the genes down-regulated by miR-34b/c and those down-regulated by DAC. We also found that the miR-34b/c CpG island is a bidirectional promoter which drives expression of both miR-34b/c and B-cell translocation gene 4 (BTG4); that methylation of the CpG island is also associated with transcriptional silencing of BTG4; and that ectopic expression of BTG4 suppresses colony formation by CRC cells. Our results suggest that miR-34b/c and BTG4 are novel tumor suppressors in CRC and that the miR-34b/c CpG island, which bidirectionally regulates miR-34b/c and BTG4, is a frequent target of epigenetic silencing in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Toyota
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Miyasaka T, Morita M, Ito K, Suzuki T, Fukuda H, Takeda S, Inoue JI, Semba K, Yamamoto T. Interaction of antiproliferative protein Tob with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:755-61. [PMID: 18377426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tob protein, when overexpressed, suppresses growth of NIH3T3 cells, presumably by regulating expression of various growth-related genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Tob-mediated regulation of gene expression have been obscure. To address this issue we established stable Tob-expressing cell lines and used a proteomics approach to identify Tob-interacting proteins. We found that Tob associates with the CCR4-NOT complex. The carboxyl-terminal half of Tob interacted with Cnot1, a core protein of the CCR4-NOT complex. We further showed that the deadenylase activity associated with the complex was suppressed in vitro by Tob. These results suggest that the antiproliferative activity of Tob is shown post-transcriptionally by controlling the stability of the target mRNAs in addition to its involvement in transcriptional regulation, reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyasaka
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Elis S, Batellier F, Couty I, Balzergue S, Martin-Magniette ML, Monget P, Blesbois E, Govoroun MS. Search for the genes involved in oocyte maturation and early embryo development in the hen. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:110. [PMID: 18312645 PMCID: PMC2322995 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The initial stages of development depend on mRNA and proteins accumulated in the oocyte, and during these stages, certain genes are essential for fertilization, first cleavage and embryonic genome activation. The aim of this study was first to search for avian oocyte-specific genes using an in silico and a microarray approaches, then to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the expression of some of these genes during follicular maturation and early embryogenesis. Results The in silico approach allowed us to identify 18 chicken homologs of mouse potential oocyte genes found by digital differential display. Using the chicken Affymetrix microarray, we identified 461 genes overexpressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and 250 genes overexpressed in the germinal disc (GD) of the hen oocyte. Six genes were identified using both in silico and microarray approaches. Based on GO annotations, GC and GD genes were differentially involved in biological processes, reflecting different physiological destinations of these two cell layers. Finally we studied the spatial and temporal dynamics of the expression of 21 chicken genes. According to their expression patterns all these genes are involved in different stages of final follicular maturation and/or early embryogenesis in the chicken. Among them, 8 genes (btg4, chkmos, wee, zpA, dazL, cvh, zar1 and ktfn) were preferentially expressed in the maturing occyte and cvh, zar1 and ktfn were also highly expressed in the early embryo. Conclusion We showed that in silico and Affymetrix microarray approaches were relevant and complementary in order to find new avian genes potentially involved in oocyte maturation and/or early embryo development, and allowed the discovery of new potential chicken mature oocyte and chicken granulosa cell markers for future studies. Moreover, detailed study of the expression of some of these genes revealed promising candidates for maternal effect genes in the chicken. Finally, the finding concerning the different state of rRNA compared to that of mRNA during the postovulatory period shed light on some mechanisms through which oocyte to embryo transition occurs in the hen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Elis
- Physiologie de Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université F, Rabelais de Tours, Haras Nationaux, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Nishida K, Horiuchi M, Noda NN, Takahasi K, Iwasaki N, Minami A, Inagaki F. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Tob-hCaf1 complex. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2007; 63:1061-3. [PMID: 18084094 PMCID: PMC2344109 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107057466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Tob/BTG family is a group of antiproliferative proteins that contain two highly homologous regions named Box A and Box B. These proteins all associate with CCR4-associated factor 1 (Caf1), which belongs to the ribonuclease D family of deadenylases. The antiproliferative region of human Tob (residues 1-138) and intact hCaf1 were co-expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and successfully cocrystallized. The crystal belongs to the tetragonal space group I422, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 150.9, c = 113.9 A, and is estimated to contain one heterodimer per asymmetric unit. The crystal diffracted to around 2.6 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Nishida
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, N12, W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masataka Horiuchi
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, N12, W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nobuo N. Noda
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, N12, W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Takahasi
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, N12, W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akio Minami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Inagaki
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, N12, W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Rossi P, Lolicato F, Grimaldi P, Dolci S, Di Sauro A, Filipponi D, Geremia R. Transcriptome analysis of differentiating spermatogonia stimulated with kit ligand. Gene Expr Patterns 2007; 8:58-70. [PMID: 18036996 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kit ligand (KL) is a survival factor and a mitogenic stimulus for differentiating spermatogonia. However, it is not known whether KL also plays a role in the differentiative events that lead to meiotic entry of these cells. We performed a wide genome analysis of difference in gene expression induced by treatment with KL of spermatogonia from 7-day-old mice, using gene chips spanning the whole mouse genome. The analysis revealed that the pattern of RNA expression induced by KL is compatible with the qualitative changes of the cell cycle that occur during the subsequent cell divisions in type A and B spermatogonia, i.e. the progressive lengthening of the S phase and the shortening of the G2/M transition. Moreover, KL up-regulates in differentiating spermatogonia the expression of early meiotic genes (for instance: Lhx8, Nek1, Rnf141, Xrcc3, Tpo1, Tbca, Xrcc2, Mesp1, Phf7, Rtel1), whereas it down-regulates typical spermatogonial markers (for instance: Pole, Ptgs2, Zfpm2, Egr2, Egr3, Gsk3b, Hnrpa1, Fst, Ptch2). Since KL modifies the expression of several genes known to be up-regulated or down-regulated in spermatogonia during the transition from the mitotic to the meiotic cell cycle, these results are consistent with a role of the KL/kit interaction in the induction of their meiotic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Rossi
- Dipartimento di Sanita' Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Universita' degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Feng Z, Tang ZL, Li K, Liu B, Yu M, Zhao SH. Molecular characterization of the BTG2 and BTG3 genes in fetal muscle development of pigs. Gene 2007; 403:170-7. [PMID: 17890019 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BTG2 and BTG3 are two members of the B-cell translocation gene family with anti-proliferative properties. BTG1 gene in this gene family has been reported to play a key role in muscle growth. In this study, we identified and characterized the porcine BTG2 and BTG3 genes, mapped the two genes to porcine chromosomes, and analyzed their expression differences in the longissimus dorci muscle of 33 dpc (day postconception), 65 dpc and 90 dpc in the lean Landrace and fatty Chinese Tongcheng pig breeds. Expression changes in differentiated C2C12 cells were also investigated with myogenin as internal control. The results showed that the porcine BTG2 and BTG3 genes were mapped on SSC9q21-25 and SSC13q47, respectively. BTG2 gene expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle and heart in both Tongcheng and Landrace pigs whereas BTG3 gene expressed at lower levels in skeletal muscle and heart than in other tissues. Furthermore, BTG3 expressed at higher levels in skeletal muscle of Tonghceng compared with Landrace pig. The expression of BTG2 and BTG3 was significantly different in skeletal muscle among different developmental stages and between the two breeds. Expression analysis in murine myoblast cells showed that both genes were induced in differentiated C2C12 cells, suggesting a role of them in myogenic differentiation. Our study indicated that BTG2 and BTG3, especially BTG3 gene, may be important genes for skeletal muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Feng
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Abstract
Members of the Btg/Tob protein family share a conserved N-terminal region that confers the activity to inhibit cell proliferation. Tob1 and Tob2 proteins, which constitute a Tob subfamily, have a longer C-terminal region than BTG proteins. Apparently, genomes of invertebrates and teleost species contain only a single Tob locus, whereas genomes of mammalian, avian, and amphibian species contain two Tob loci (Tob1 and Tob2). Tob genes are expressed in oocytes, sperm, early embryos, and various adult tissues, depending on the species. Recent reports indicate that Tob proteins play important roles in spermatogenesis, embryonic dorsoventral patterning, osteogenesis, T-cell activation, and learning and memory. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that Tob proteins act primarily as transcriptional repressors in several signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Jia
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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45
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Rahmani Z. APRO4 negatively regulates Src tyrosine kinase activity in PC12 cells. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:646-58. [PMID: 16434477 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src nonreceptor tyrosine kinase plays an important role in multiple signalling pathways that regulate several cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation and transformation. The activity of Src is tightly regulated in vivo and can be modulated by interactions of its SH2 and SH3 domains with high-affinity ligands. APRO4 (anti-proliferative 4) belongs to a new antiproliferative gene family involved in the negative control of the cell cycle. This report shows that APRO4 associates with Src via its C-terminal proline-rich domain, and downregulates Src kinase activity. Moreover, overexpression of APRO4 leads to inhibition of neurite outgrowth and Ras/MAP kinase signalling in PC12 cells. Furthermore, the kinetics of endogenous Src inactivation correlates with an increase in endogenous APRO4 co-immunoprecipitation in FGF-stimulated PC12 cells. Finally, downregulation of endogenous APRO4 by expression of antisense RNA induces the activation of Src and spontaneous formation of neurites in PC12 cells. Therefore, by controlling the basal threshold of Src activity, APRO4 constitutes an important negative regulatory mechanism for Src-mediated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Rahmani
- INSERM U584, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris CEDEX 15, France.
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Pennetier S, Uzbekova S, Guyader-Joly C, Humblot P, Mermillod P, Dalbiès-Tran R. Genes Preferentially Expressed in Bovine Oocytes Revealed by Subtractive and Suppressive Hybridization1. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:713-20. [PMID: 15930321 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.041574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To isolate bovine oocyte marker genes, we performed suppressive and subtractive hybridization between oocytes and somatic tissues (i.e., intestine, lung, muscle, and cumulus cells). The subtracted library was characterized by sequencing 185 random clone inserts, representing 146 nonredundant genes. After Blast analysis within GenBank, 64% could be identified, 21% were homologous to unannotated expressed sequence tag (EST) or genomic sequences, and 15% were novel. Of 768 clone inserts submitted for differential screening by macroarray hybridization, 83% displayed a fourfold overexpression in the oocyte. The 40 most preferential nonredundant ESTs were submitted to GenBank analysis. Several well-known oocyte-specific genes were represented, including growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, or the zona pellucida glycoprotein genes. Other ESTs were not identified. We investigated the expression profile of several candidates in the oocyte and a panel of gonadal and somatic tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. B-cell translocation gene 4, cullin 1, MCF.2 transforming sequence, a locus similar to snail soma ferritin, and three unidentified genes were, indeed, preferentially expressed in the oocyte, even though most were also highly expressed in testis. The transcripts were degraded throughout preimplantation development and were not compensated for by embryonic transcription after the morula stage. These profiles suggest a role in gametogenesis, fertilization, or early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pennetier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Haras Nationaux, Nouzilly, France
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Vallée M, Gravel C, Palin MF, Reghenas H, Stothard P, Wishart DS, Sirard MA. Identification of Novel and Known Oocyte-Specific Genes Using Complementary DNA Subtraction and Microarray Analysis in Three Different Species1. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:63-71. [PMID: 15744023 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to identify novel oocyte-specific genes in three different species: bovine, mouse, and Xenopus laevis. To achieve this goal, two powerful technologies were combined: a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based cDNA subtraction, and cDNA microarrays. Three subtractive libraries consisting of 3456 clones were established and enriched for oocyte-specific transcripts. Sequencing analysis of the positive insert-containing clones resulted in the following classification: 53% of the clones corresponded to known cDNAs, 26% were classified as uncharacterized cDNAs, and a final 9% were classified as novel sequences. All these clones were used for cDNA microarray preparation. Results from these microarray analyses revealed that in addition to already known oocyte-specific genes, such as GDF9, BMP15, and ZP, known genes with unknown function in the oocyte were identified, such as a MLF1-interacting protein (MLF1IP), B-cell translocation gene 4 (BTG4), and phosphotyrosine-binding protein (xPTB). Furthermore, 15 novel oocyte-specific genes were validated by reverse transcription-PCR to confirm their preferential expression in the oocyte compared to somatic tissues. The results obtained in the present study confirmed that microarray analysis is a robust technique to identify true positives from the suppressive subtractive hybridization experiment. Furthermore, obtaining oocyte-specific genes from three species simultaneously allowed us to look at important genes that are conserved across species. Further characterization of these novel oocyte-specific genes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to the unique functions found in the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Vallée
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Auer RL, Starczynski J, McElwaine S, Bertoni F, Newland AC, Fegan CD, Cotter FE. Identification of a potential role for POU2AF1 and BTG4 in the deletion of 11q23 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 43:1-10. [PMID: 15672409 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of 11q in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are usually associated with progressive disease and poor prognosis. A novel translocation within the previously identified 11q minimal region has been defined in a patient with CLL. The breakpoint is between genes POU2AF1 and BTG4. POU2AF1 is a B-cell-specific transcriptional coactivator, and BTG4 is a member of the BTG family of negative regulators of the cell cycle, making both of them good candidate genes for the pathogenesis of 11q- CLL. POU2AF1 was observed to be differentially expressed in the cells of patients with CLL compared to its expression in normal B cells in the absence of mutations. This may reflect ongoing stimulation and active accessory signaling in CLL cells. BTG4 could contribute to CLL pathogenesis following inactivation by haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Auer
- Department of Experimental Haematology, ICMS, Barts & The London, Queen Mary School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Evsikov AV, de Vries WN, Peaston AE, Radford EE, Fancher KS, Chen FH, Blake JA, Bult CJ, Latham KE, Solter D, Knowles BB. Systems biology of the 2-cell mouse embryo. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 105:240-50. [PMID: 15237213 DOI: 10.1159/000078195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of the 2-cell mouse embryo was analyzed to provide insight into the molecular networks at play during nuclear reprogramming and embryonic genome activation. Analysis of ESTs from a 2-cell cDNA library identified nearly 4,000 genes, over half of which have not been previously studied. Transcripts of mobile elements, especially those of LTR retrotransposons, are abundantly represented in 2-cell embryos, suggesting their possible role in introducing genomic variation, and epigenetic restructuring of the embryonic genome. Analysis of Gene Ontology of the 2-cell-stage expressed genes outlines the major biological processes that guide the oocyte-to-embryo transition. These results provide a foundation for understanding molecular control at the onset of mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Evsikov
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Kawamura-Tsuzuku J, Suzuki T, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto T. Nuclear localization of Tob is important for regulation of its antiproliferative activity. Oncogene 2004; 23:6630-8. [PMID: 15235587 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TOB: is a member of an antiproliferative gene family that includes btg1, pc3/tis21/btg2, pc3b, ana/btg3, and tob2. Exogenous overexpression of the family proteins suppresses cell proliferation. These proteins participate in transcriptional regulation of several genes. Here, we show that Tob is a nuclear protein that is imported into the nucleus through a nuclear localization signal (NLS)-mediated mechanism. Mutation in the NLS sequence of Tob affects its nuclear localization and impairs antiproliferative activity. Additionally, Tob contains a nuclear export signal (NES). In oncogenic ErbB2-transformed cells, nuclear export of Tob is facilitated by NES-mediated mechanism, resulting in decrease of its antiproliferative activity. These results indicate that regulation of nuclear localization of Tob is important for its antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kawamura-Tsuzuku
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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