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Valido A, Merrin GJ, Espelage DL, Robinson LE, Nickodem K, Ingram KM, El Sheikh AJ, Torgal C, Fairclough J. Social-Ecological Predictors of Homophobic Name-Calling Perpetration and Victimization Among Early Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2022; 42:1115-1151. [PMID: 36340294 PMCID: PMC9623402 DOI: 10.1177/02724316211002271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bias-based aggression at school in the form of homophobic name-calling is quite prevalent among early adolescents. Homophobic name-calling is associated with low academic performance, higher risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse, among other adverse outcomes. This longitudinal study examined risk and protective factors across multiple domains of the social ecology (individual, peer, family, school and community) and levels of analysis (within- and between-person) associated with homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization. Students from four middle schools in the U.S. Midwest (N = 1,655; X ¯ age = 12.75; range = 10-16 years) were surveyed four times (Spring/Fall 2008, Spring/Fall 2009). For homophobic name-calling perpetration, significant risk factors included impulsivity, social dominance, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence; while empathy, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors. For homophobic name-calling victimization, significant risk factors included empathy (between-person), impulsivity, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence, while empathy (within-person), parental monitoring, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Nickodem
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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2
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Pathways from Exposure to Community Violence to Bullying Victimization among African American Adolescents in Chicago's Southside. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159453. [PMID: 35954809 PMCID: PMC9367819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes and examines the pathways from exposure to community violence to bullying victimization through the influences of depression, exposure to peer delinquency, and drug use among 638 African American adolescents (aged 12-22) from low-resourced neighborhoods in Chicago's Southside. The study found that African American adolescents who were exposed to community violence were likely at risk of bullying victimization, depression, exposure to peer delinquency, and drug use. Depression can heighten the risk of bullying victimization. These findings have implications for future research.
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3
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Thibodeaux J. Conceptualizing multilevel research designs of resilience. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1418-1435. [PMID: 34033681 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is a broad concept allowing us to understand health and well-being as a multidimensional process that continually grapples with a multitude of stressors. Currently, there are efforts across disciplines and scales to develop this concept of resilience. Unfortunately, individual and community resilience efforts tend to only abstractly conceptualize macroscale dynamics while social-ecological efforts tend to treat individuals and communities as nonindependent components of these macroscale dynamics. Combining these efforts is needed to create a robust dialog around resilience. This paper reviews and synthesizes social-ecological, community, and individual resilience literature by proposing longitudinal, multilevel models of resilience. In developing these models, some of the issues that have prevented synthesizing these literatures are resolved, including generalizability issues, within system variation, and the operationalization of social and natural and micro- and macroscale factors. Three brief examples are presented to elaborate on the utility of the multilevel model of resilience.
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Whitney-Snel K, Valdez CE, Totaan J. "We break the cycle…": Motivations for prosocial advocacy among former gang members to end gang involvement. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1929-1941. [PMID: 32500946 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gangs pose an extreme threat to at-risk individuals and disenfranchised communities. A unique insight into the gang life and a changing life narrative among former gang members may be assets in educating communities about systemic factors perpetuating gang activity. This grounded theory analysis examines motivations for joining and leaving gangs among 28 former gang members (age, M = 44; 87.5% male; 56.3% Hispanic or Latino) and explores motivations to improve societal outcomes via prosocial advocacy to end gang involvement. Narratives suggest a social-ecological system marked by adversity can inform motivations for joining and leaving gangs, and the potential of repurposing one's life into a social change agent. Findings indicate the changing perspective of former gang members can aid in deterring gang involvement if provided a platform to share their negative experiences of gang life and regrets for their actions in their communities to instigate societal change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine E Valdez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Monterey Bay, California
| | - Jessica Totaan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Monterey Bay, California
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5
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Cherewick M, Tol W, Burnham G, Doocy S, Glass N. A structural equation model of conflict-affected youth coping and resilience. Health Psychol Behav Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2016.1228458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gottlieb L, Martinovich Z, Meyers KM, Reinecke MA. Treatment for Depression Enhances Protection: Findings From the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). Int J Cogn Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct_2016_09_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Wang JL, Zhang DJ, Zimmerman MA. Resilience Theory and its Implications for Chinese Adolescents. Psychol Rep 2015; 117:354-75. [DOI: 10.2466/16.17.pr0.117c21z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, resilience theory has attracted great attention from both researchers and mental health practitioners. Resilience is defined as a process of overcoming the negative effects of risk exposure, coping successfully with traumatic experiences, or avoiding the negative trajectories associated with risks. Three basic models of resilience have been proposed to account for the mechanism whereby promotive factors operate to alter the trajectory from risk exposure to negative consequences: compensatory model, protective model, and inoculation model. Assets and resources are two types of promotive factors found to be effective in decreasing internalizing and externalizing problems. Considering the protective or compensatory role of assets and resources in helping youth be resilient against negative effects of adversity, resilience could be applied to Chinese migrant and left-behind children who are at risk for internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing problems (e.g., delinquent behaviors, cigarette and alcohol use). Additionally, psychological suzhi-based interventions, a mental health construct for individuals that focuses on a strengths-based approach, can be integrated with resilience-based approach to develop more balanced programs for positive youth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Jun Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
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8
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Skinner AT, Bacchini D, Lansford JE, Godwin J, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Tirado LMU, Zelli A, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bombi AS, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Giunta LD, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Miranda MC, Oburu P, Pastorelli C. Neighborhood Danger, Parental Monitoring, Harsh Parenting, and Child Aggression in Nine Countries. SOCIETIES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 4:45-67. [PMID: 25411645 PMCID: PMC4233462 DOI: 10.3390/soc4010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to neighborhood danger during childhood has negative effects that permeate multiple dimensions of childhood. The current study examined whether mothers', fathers', and children's perceptions of neighborhood danger are related to child aggression, whether parental monitoring moderates this relation, and whether harsh parenting mediates this relation. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 1,293 children (age M = 10.68, SD = .66; 51% girls) and their mothers (n = 1,282) and fathers (n = 1,075) in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Perceptions of greater neighborhood danger were associated with more child aggression in all nine countries according to mothers' and fathers' reports and in five of the nine countries according to children's reports. Parental monitoring did not moderate the relation between perception of neighborhood danger and child aggression. The mediating role of harsh parenting was inconsistent across countries and reporters. Implications for further research are discussed, and include examination of more specific aspects of parental monitoring as well as more objective measures of neighborhood danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T. Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples,
81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Psychology, University West, 46186
Trollhättan, Sweden/
| | - Sombat Tapanya
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand/
| | | | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Education Sciences, “Foro
Italico”, University of Rome, 00135 Rome,
Italy/
| | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University,
Quezon City 1108, Philippines/
| | - Suha M. Al-Hassan
- Queen Rania Faculty for Childhood, The Hashemite
University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan/
| | - Anna Silvia Bombi
- Faculty of Psychology, Università di Roma
“La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome,
Italy/
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Child and Family Research Program in Developmental
Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA/
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong/
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA/
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Faculty of Psychology, Università di Roma
“La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome,
Italy/
| | - Kenneth A. Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University,
Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Patrick S. Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina,
Colombia, SC 29208 USA/
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Bacchini D, Affuso G, De Angelis G. Moral vs. non-moral attribution in adolescence: Environmental and behavioural correlates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2012.744744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Kelly S, Anderson D, Hall L, Peden A, Cerel J. The effects of exposure to gang violence on adolescent boys' mental health. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2012; 33:80-8. [PMID: 22273341 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.623217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gang violence is a growing public health concern in the United States, and adolescents are influenced by exposure to gang violence. This study explored the influence of exposure to gang violence on adolescent boys' mental health using a multi-method design. A semi-structured interview guide and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children were used to collect data from adolescents. Parents, primary caregivers, and community center employees completed the Child Behavior Checklist or Teacher Report Form. Ten adolescent boys, their parents or primary caregivers, and six community center employees participated in the study. Exposure to gang violence was common among these adolescents and they had a variety of reactions. Parents, primary caregivers, and community center employees had differing perceptions of adolescents' exposure to violence and their mental health. Adolescent boys' exposure to gang violence in the community is alarming. These adolescents encountered situations with violence that influenced their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kelly
- Rutgers University, College of Nursing, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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11
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Bacchini D, Concetta Miranda M, Affuso G. Effects of parental monitoring and exposure to community violence on antisocial behavior and anxiety/depression among adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2011; 26:269-292. [PMID: 20234055 DOI: 10.1177/0886260510362879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of gender, exposure to community violence, and parental monitoring upon antisocial behavior and anxiety/depression in adolescence. Involved in the study were 489 adolescents (290 males and 189 females) from 4 secondary schools in the city of Naples, Italy. The age of participants ranged from 16 to 19 (mean age = 17.53, standard deviation = 1.24). All were in the 3rd (11th grade) or 5th year (13th grade) of high school. Self-reported measures were used to assess antisocial behavior, symptoms of anxiety/depression, parental monitoring and exposure to community violence as a victim or as a witness. First of all we tested, through a hierarchical multiple regression, the independent contribution of gender, exposure to community violence and parental monitoring upon antisocial behavior and symptoms of anxiety/depression; then we tested the moderating role of gender and parental monitoring on the negative effects of exposure to violence. The results show that male gender, high level of exposure to community violence (both as a victim and a witness), and low level of parental monitoring predict a higher involvement in antisocial behavior. Female gender, being a victim and low level of parental monitoring predict symptoms of anxiety/depression. Furthermore, parental monitoring and gender play a moderating role, minimizing or amplifying the negative effects of exposure to community violence. The results of the research suggest that a similar pattern of risk and protective factors can give rise to multiple paths of adaptive or maladaptive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bacchini
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
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12
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Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families. JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Kelly S. The Psychological Consequences to Adolescents of Exposure to Gang Violence in the Community: An Integrated Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2010; 23:61-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Cedeno LA, Elias MJ, Kelly S, Chu BC. School violence, adjustment, and the influence of hope on low-income, African American youth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2010; 80:213-226. [PMID: 20553515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 132 low-income, African American fifth graders (mean age = 10.20). Additionally, hope was examined in relation to adjustment and as a potential resilience factor in the context of school violence. Students completed self-report measures for exposure to school violence frequencies, self-concept, and hope. Teachers completed a teacher-rated survey assessing levels of problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence. Results indicated that the majority of youth had been personally victimized or witnessed violence during a 3-month period. Exposure to school violence was positively associated with problem behaviors, and negatively associated with social skills, self-concept, and academic competence; hope was inversely related to externalizing behaviors and positively related to self-concept. Hope buffered the effects of personal victimization and witnessing violence on self-concept. Gender differences were observed for a number of the analyses. The implications of both the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence, as well as the moderating effects of hope, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Cedeno
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
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15
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Gardner M, Brooks-Gunn J. ADOLESCENTS' EXPOSURE TO COMMUNITY VIOLENCE: ARE NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS PROTECTIVE? JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 37:505-525. [PMID: 21666761 PMCID: PMC3110745 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.20310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), we identified a significant inverse association between the variety of youth organizations available at the neighborhood level and adolescents' exposure to community violence. We examined two non-competing explanations for this finding. First, at the individual level, we tested the hypothesis that access to a greater variety of neighborhood youth organizations predicts adolescents' participation in organized community-based activities, which, in turn, protects against community violence exposure. Second, at the neighborhood level, we tested the hypothesis that lower violent crime rates explain the inverse relation between neighborhood youth organization variety and community violence exposure. Our findings supported the latter of these two mechanisms.
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16
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Han S, Gao X, Humphreys GW, Ge J. Neural processing of threat cues in social environments. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:945-57. [PMID: 17636562 PMCID: PMC6870876 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research showed that the processing of overt threat cues formed by evolutionary experience such as snake or angry face induced automatic increased responses of the emotion-related system consisting of the amygdala, the anterior cingulate, and the orbitofrontal cortex. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain circuits involved in perception of threat cues that lack obvious emotion contents but are potentially dangerous in a particular social situation. Subjects were scanned while watching images showing a person in either a safe or a potentially dangerous situation and being asked to detect threat signals or to evaluate the degree of threat. We found that, in contrast with gender identification, threat detection and evaluation were underpinned by a neural network, shared by both male and female subjects, consisting of the medial and lateral frontal cortex, superior parietal lobes, posterior middle temporal cortex, and cerebellum. In addition, detection of threat cues was associated with stronger posterior parietal activation for males than females. Our findings suggest that neural processing of evolutionary unprepared threat cues in social environments does not necessarily involve the emotion-related neural system and is influence by evolutionary pressure on sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Han
- Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Naevdal F. Brief report: Acceptance of physical violence (APV) among adolescents in a Norwegian normal sample; statistical description of the assessment. J Adolesc 2005; 28:425-31. [PMID: 15925692 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The article presents a psychometric description of 11 statements related to use of physical violence. The items were tested in a normal sample (N=1700, age: 15-16) from urban and rural areas in Western Norway. The internal reliability was alpha=0.86, and the factor analysis resulted in two factors. Boys had higher mean scores than girls. Self-reported violence was predicted by acceptance of physical violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Naevdal
- Bergen College (HiB), Faculty of Education, Postbox 7030, Bergen N-5020, Norway.
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Fergus S, Zimmerman MA. ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE: A Framework for Understanding Healthy Development in the Face of Risk. Annu Rev Public Health 2005; 26:399-419. [PMID: 15760295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1048] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent resilience research differs from risk research by focusing on the assets and resources that enable some adolescents to overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We discuss three models of resilience-the compensatory, protective, and challenge models-and describe how resilience differs from related concepts. We describe issues and limitations related to resilience and provide an overview of recent resilience research related to adolescent substance use, violent behavior, and sexual risk behavior. We then discuss implications that resilience research has for intervention and describe some resilience-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevenson Fergus
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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19
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Funk JB, Buchman DD, Jenks J, Bechtoldt H. Playing violent video games, desensitization, and moral evaluation in children. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0193-3973(03)00073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Youth violence has become a prominent national concern, largely focused on boys who have perpetrated highly publicized massacres. Less well-publicized is the rapid increase in arrests of girls for violent crimes and weapons violations. In just 2 decades, violent crime arrests for female juveniles increased by 108%. From research findings, a composite portrait of the violent girl can be drawn. This profile can be used to identify girls at risk for criminal behaviors. In this article, a three-pronged approach to girls' violent behavior is presented: (a) violence prevention and emotional literacy programs that can be implemented by school nurses, (b) parent education programs that can be conducted at Parent-Teacher Association meetings, churches, and community centers, and (c) counseling interventions that can be delivered to troubled girls by psychiatric nurses. Nurses can play vital roles in consultation to teachers and parents and in direct service provision to girls who are on a tragic trajectory of fighting, expulsion from school, and juvenile justice infractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Thomas
- PhD Program in Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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21
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Barkin S. Preventing youth violence: an office-based approach. PEDIATRIC CASE REVIEWS (PRINT) 2003; 3:30-9. [PMID: 16222136 DOI: 10.1097/00132584-200301000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shari Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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22
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Barkin SL, Smith KS, DuRant RH. Social skills and attitudes associated with substance use behaviors among young adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2002; 30:448-54. [PMID: 12039515 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how adolescents' attitudes and social skills affect current substance use and intentions to use substances in the future. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 2646 seventh graders in their classrooms. The questionnaire was developed to measure the frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use, anticipated use, positive attitudes toward drug use, self-efficacy to say "no," decision-making skills, advertising-viewing skills, anxiety-reducing skills, communication skills, drug-resistance skills, perception of peer substance use, and weapon-carrying behavior. Ethnicity classified respondents as "white" or "students of color" and family structure indicated one vs. two-parent families. Data were analyzed with Spearman's r, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Forty-one percent of students were minority, 50.6% female, over 90% were either 12- or 13-year-olds, and 69.9% lived in two-parent families. A multiple linear regression model demonstrated that self-efficacy to say "no, positive attitudes toward drug use, perception of peer substance use, male gender, weapon-carrying, and fighting accounted for 51% of the variation in the current use multiple substance scale. Anticipated substance use during the subsequent year was significantly associated with current substance use, positive attitudes toward drug use, self-efficacy to say "no, drug-resistance skills, weapon-carrying, and fighting behavior. This model accounted for 73.9% of the variance in anticipated substance use. CONCLUSIONS In today's world, where drug use is common, building adolescents' drug-resistance skills and self-efficacy, while enhancing decision-making capacity, may reduce their use of illegal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari L Barkin
- Brenner Center For Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School Of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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