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Nasiri F, Muhammadnejad S, Rahbarizadeh F. Effects of polybrene and retronectin as transduction enhancers on the development and phenotypic characteristics of VHH-based CD19-redirected CAR T cells: a comparative investigation. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2535-2549. [PMID: 36434173 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells) have improved the prognosis of patients with certain hematologic malignancies. However, broader clinical application of this type of therapy is dependent on production protocols. We characterized VHH-based CD19-redirected CAR T cells generated using the transduction enhancers (TEs) polybrene or retronectin. The proliferation rate of activated T cells transduced using polybrene concentrations > 6 mg/mL decreased compared with untreated group. There was a direct relationship between polybrene concentration and transduction efficacy. Moreover, we demonstrated the proliferation of retronectin-transduced T cells increased in a dose-dependent manner (4-20 μg/mL). Whereas, different retronectin concentrations did not mediate a significant increase in T cell transduction rate. Moreover, lentiviral transduction rate was also dependent on the concentration of lentiviruses. At optimized TE concentrations, multiplicity of infection (MOI) of > 10 decreased living T cell transduction rate. Additionally, we demonstrated that CAR T cell phenotype is highly affected by TE type. Naïve T cell differentiation to central memory T cell was observed in the beginning of the expansion process and effector memory T cells became the predominant subset in the second week of expansion. Importantly, retronectin increased the proliferation of CAR T cells alongside medicating higher transduction rates, resulting in more naïve and central memory T cells. We demonstrated that a higher percentage of CAR T cells were generated using retronectin (with a less differentiated phenotype) making retronectin a more effective TE than polybrene for long-term CAR T cell processing in preclinical or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Csukasi F, Bosakova M, Barta T, Martin JH, Arcedo J, Barad M, Rico-Llanos GA, Zieba J, Becerra J, Krejci P, Duran I, Krakow D. Skeletal diseases caused by mutations in PTH1R show aberrant differentiation of skeletal progenitors due to dysregulation of DEPTOR. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:963389. [PMID: 36726589 PMCID: PMC9885499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.963389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the balance between skeletogenesis and adipogenesis is a pathogenic feature in multiple skeletal disorders. Clinically, enhanced bone marrow adiposity in bones impairs mobility and increases fracture risk, reducing the quality of life of patients. The molecular mechanism that underlies the balance between skeletogenesis and adipogenesis is not completely understood but alterations in skeletal progenitor cells' differentiation pathway plays a key role. We recently demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) control the levels of DEPTOR, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and that DEPTOR levels are altered in different skeletal diseases. Here, we show that mutations in the PTH receptor-1 (PTH1R) alter the differentiation of skeletal progenitors in two different skeletal genetic disorders and lead to accumulation of fat or cartilage in bones. Mechanistically, DEPTOR controls the subcellular localization of TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain), a transcriptional regulator that governs skeletal stem cells differentiation into either bone and fat. We show that DEPTOR regulation of TAZ localization is achieved through the control of Dishevelled2 (DVL2) phosphorylation. Depending on nutrient availability, DEPTOR directly interacts with PTH1R to regulate PTH/PTHrP signaling or it forms a complex with TAZ, to prevent its translocation to the nucleus and therefore inhibit its transcriptional activity. Our data point DEPTOR as a key molecule in skeletal progenitor differentiation; its dysregulation under pathologic conditions results in aberrant bone/fat balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Barta
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesus Arcedo
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
| | - Maya Barad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo A Rico-Llanos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose Becerra
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Consonni SR, de Carvalho ACPV, Mauro AB, Franchini KG, Bajgelman MC. Lentiviral transduction of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes preserves ultrastructural features of genetically modified cells. Virology 2021; 562:190-196. [PMID: 34365094 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preserving morphological features that are important for cell function and structure is a critical parameter for in vitro experiments with rat cardiomyocytes. Lentiviral vectors are commonly used as gene transfer tool because of its high flexibility, efficiency to deliver expression cassettes and versatility of transducing quiescent cells. The tropism of the recombinant viral particle can be determined depending on the virus envelope, which shows a specific binding to cell surface receptors on the target cell. The combination of promoter arrangement and viral envelope must be optimized to achieve a greater transduction efficiency and a higher transgene expression. In this study we explored the optimization of promoters and heterologous envelopes to transduce primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Our results suggest a robust expression driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, and high efficiency transduction mediated by VSV-G envelope with no apparent compromising ultrastructural features of genetically modified cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvio R Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna C P V de Carvalho
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur B Mauro
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber G Franchini
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian National Laboratory for Biosciences (LNBio), Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Gandhi S, Li Y, Tang W, Christensen JB, Urrutia HA, Vieceli FM, Piacentino ML, Bronner ME. A single-plasmid approach for genome editing coupled with long-term lineage analysis in chick embryos. Development 2021; 148:dev193565. [PMID: 33688075 PMCID: PMC8077534 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An important strategy for establishing mechanisms of gene function during development is through mutation of individual genes and analysis of subsequent effects on cell behavior. Here, we present a single-plasmid approach for genome editing in chick embryos to study experimentally perturbed cells in an otherwise normal embryonic environment. To achieve this, we have engineered a plasmid that encodes Cas9 protein, gene-specific guide RNA (gRNA), and a fluorescent marker within the same construct. Using transfection- and electroporation-based approaches, we show that this construct can be used to perturb gene function in early embryos as well as human cell lines. Importantly, insertion of this cistronic construct into replication-incompetent avian retroviruses allowed us to couple gene knockouts with long-term lineage analysis. We demonstrate the application of our newly engineered constructs and viruses by perturbing β-catenin in vitro and Sox10, Pax6 and Pax7 in the neural crest, retina, and neural tube and segmental plate in vivo, respectively. Together, this approach enables genes of interest to be knocked out in identifiable cells in living embryos and can be broadly applied to numerous genes in different embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Gandhi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuwei Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Weiyi Tang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jens B. Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hugo A. Urrutia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Felipe M. Vieceli
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael L. Piacentino
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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5
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Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are potent tools for the delivery of genes of interest into mammalian cells and are now commonly utilised within the growing field of cell and gene therapy for the treatment of monogenic diseases and adoptive therapies such as chimeric antigen T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. This is a comprehensive review of the individual bioprocess operations employed in LV production. We highlight the role of envelope proteins in vector design as well as their impact on the bioprocessing of lentiviral vectors. An overview of the current state of these operations provides opportunities for bioprocess discovery and improvement with emphasis on the considerations for optimal and scalable processing of LV during development and clinical production. Upstream culture for LV generation is described with comparisons on the different transfection methods and various bioreactors for suspension and adherent producer cell cultivation. The purification of LV is examined, evaluating different sequences of downstream process operations for both small- and large-scale production requirements. For scalable operations, a key focus is the development in chromatographic purification in addition to an in-depth examination of the application of tangential flow filtration. A summary of vector quantification and characterisation assays is also presented. Finally, the assessment of the whole bioprocess for LV production is discussed to benefit from the broader understanding of potential interactions of the different process options. This review is aimed to assist in the achievement of high quality, high concentration lentiviral vectors from robust and scalable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Perry
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Andrea C. M. E. Rayat
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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Yuan J, Zhang G, Li X, Ma Q, Cheng W, Wang W, Zhang B, Hu T, Song G. Knocking down USP39 Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the p53 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238949. [PMID: 33255748 PMCID: PMC7728369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 39 (USP39), a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, has been reported to participate in cytokinesis and metastasis. Previous studies determined that USP39 functions as an oncogenic factor in various types of cancer. Here, we reported that USP39 is frequently overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. USP39 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of A549 and HCC827 cells and decreased tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Specifically, knocking down USP39 resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M and subsequent apoptosis through the activation of the p53 pathway, including upregulation of p21, cleaved-cas3, cleaved-cas9 and downregulation of CDC2 and CycinB1. Moreover, USP39 knockdown significantly inhibited migration and invasion of A549 and HCC827 cells, also via activation of the p53 pathway, and downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9. Importantly, we verified these results in metastasis models in vivo. Collectively, these results not only establish that USP39 functions as an oncogene in lung cancer, but reveal that USP39 has an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and metastasis via activation of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yuan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Gongye Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Qiujuan Ma
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Weipeng Cheng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Gang Song
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.M.); (W.C.); (W.W.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sundberg CD, Hankinson O. A CRISPR/Cas9 Whole-Genome Screen Identifies Genes Required for Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Induction of Functional CYP1A1. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:310-319. [PMID: 31086989 PMCID: PMC6657581 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants including halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene, exert their deleterious effects through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and by the resulting transcription of genes not yet fully identified. Ligand-bound AHR translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus, where it dimerizes with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) protein. The AHR/ARNT dimer binds to enhancer regions of responsive genes to activate transcription. AHR also mediates carcinogenesis caused by PAHs, likely via CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, which are massively induced by activated AHR in many tissues and generate carcinogenic electrophilic derivatives of PAHs. In the current study, we have used the mouse GeCKOv2 genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library to identify novel genes in the AHR pathway by taking advantage of a B[a]P selection assay that we previously used to identify core AHR pathway genes in Hepa-1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. Besides Ahr, Arnt, and Cyp1a1, we report the identification of multiple additional putative AHR pathway genes including several that we validated. These include cytochrome P450 reductase (Por), which mediates redox regeneration of cytochromes P450, and 5 genes of the heme biosynthesis pathway: delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (Alas1), porphobilinogen deaminase (Hmbs), uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (Urod), coproporphyrinogen oxidase (Cpox), and ferrochelatase (Fech): heme being an essential prosthetic group of cytochrome P450 proteins. Notably, several of these genes were identified by GeCKO screening, despite not being identifiable by reverse genetics approaches. This indicates the power of high-sensitivity genome-wide genetic screening for identifying genes in the AHR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Sundberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Toxicology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Toxicology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Tang C, Wang D, Luo E, Yan G, Liu B, Hou J, Qiao Y. Activation of Inward Rectifier K + Channel 2.1 by PDGF-BB in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Protein Kinase A. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:4370832. [PMID: 32461988 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4370832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) can induce the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We used patch clamp methods to study the effects of PDGF-BB on inward rectifier K+ channel 2.1 (Kir2.1) channels in rat thoracic aorta VSMCs (RASMCs). PDGF-BB (25 ng/mL) increased Kir2.x currents (−11.81 ± 2.47 pA/pF, P < 0.05 vs. CON, n = 10). Ba2+(50 μM) decreased Kir2.x currents (−2.13 ± 0.23 pA/pF, P < 0.05 vs. CON, n = 10), which were promoted by PDGF-BB (−6.98 ± 1.03 pA/pF). PDGF-BB specifically activates Kir2.1 but not Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 channels in HEK-293 cells. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was blocked by the PDGF-BB receptor β (PDGF-BBRβ) inhibitor AG1295 and was not affected by the PDGF-BBRα inhibitor AG1296. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPs; however, the antagonist of protein kinase B (GSK690693) had marginal effects on current activity. The PDGF-BB-induced stimulation of Kir2.1 currents was enhanced by forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator, and was blocked by the AC inhibitor SQ22536. We conclude that PDGF-BB increases Kir2.1 currents via PDGF-BBRβ through activation of cAMP-PKA signaling in RASMCs.
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Haginiwa S, Sadahiro T, Kojima H, Isomi M, Tamura F, Kurotsu S, Tani H, Muraoka N, Miyake N, Miyake K, Fukuda K, Ieda M. Tbx6 induces cardiomyocyte proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1041-1047. [PMID: 31010673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) proliferate during embryonic development, whereas they largely lose their regenerative capacity after birth. Defined factors expressed in cardiac progenitors or embryonic CMs may activate the cell cycle and induce CM proliferation in postnatal and adult hearts. Here, we report that the overexpression of Tbx6, enriched in the cardiac mesoderm (progenitor cells), induces CM proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse hearts. By screening 24 factors enriched in cardiac progenitors or embryonic CMs, we found that only Tbx6 could induce CM proliferation in primary cultured postnatal rat CMs. Intriguingly, it did not induce the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. We next generated a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vector encoding Tbx6 (AAV9-Tbx6) for transduction into mouse CMs in vivo. The subcutaneous injection of AAV9-Tbx6 into neonatal mice induced CM proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse hearts. Mechanistically, Tbx6 overexpression upregulated multiple cell cycle activators including Aurkb, Mki67, Ccna1, and Ccnb2 and suppressed the tumor suppressor Rb1. Thus, Tbx6 promotes CM proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse hearts by modifying the expression of cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Haginiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taketaro Sadahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kojima
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Isomi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tamura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Kurotsu
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoto Muraoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Gene Therapy Research Center for Advanced Medical Technology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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10
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Tomás HA, Rodrigues AF, Carrondo MJT, Coroadinha AS. LentiPro26: novel stable cell lines for constitutive lentiviral vector production. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5271. [PMID: 29588490 PMCID: PMC5869598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are excellent tools to promote gene transfer and stable gene expression. Their potential has been already demonstrated in gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of diverse disorders. For large scale LV production, a stable producer system is desirable since it allows scalable and cost-effective viral productions, with increased reproducibility and safety. However, the development of stable systems has been challenging and time-consuming, being the selection of cells presenting high expression levels of Gag-Pro-Pol polyprotein and the cytotoxicity associated with some viral components, the main limitations. Hereby is described the establishment of a new LV producer cell line using a mutated less active viral protease to overcome potential cytotoxic limitations. The stable transfection of bicistronic expression cassettes with re-initiation of the translation mechanism enabled the generation of LentiPro26 packaging populations supporting high titers. Additionally, by skipping intermediate clone screening steps and performing only one final clone screening, it was possible to save time and generate LentiPro26-A59 cell line, that constitutively produces titers above 106 TU.mL-1.day-1, in less than six months. This work constitutes a step forward towards the development of improved LV producer cell lines, aiming to efficiently supply the clinical expanding gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Tomás
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A F Rodrigues
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M J T Carrondo
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - A S Coroadinha
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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11
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Abstract
Lentiviral transduction is a gene delivery method that provides numerous advantages over direct transfection and traditional retroviral or adenoviral delivery methods. It facilitates for the transduction of primary cells inherently difficult to transfect, delivers constructs of interest to nondividing as well as dividing cells, and permits the long-term expression of sizable DNA inserts (e.g., <7 kb). The study of peripheral nerve myelination at the molecular level has long benefited from the Schwann cells/dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons myelinating co-culture system. As this culture system takes about a month to develop and perform experiments with, lentiviral-delivered constructs can be used to manipulate gene expression in Schwann cells and DRG neurons, primary cells that are otherwise resilient to direct transfection. Here we present our protocol for lentiviral production and purification and subsequent infection of large numbers of Schwann cells and/or DRG neurons for the molecular study of peripheral nerve myelination in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Patrice Maurel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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12
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Han Y, Zhang M, Chen D, Li H, Wang X, Ma S. Downregulation of RNA binding motif protein 17 expression inhibits proliferation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma FaDu cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5680-5684. [PMID: 29552202 PMCID: PMC5840662 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif protein 17 (RBM17) is a protein-coding gene. The protein encoded by RBM17 is involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and is overexpressed in cancer. The present study aimed to determine the effect of RBM17-knockdown in hypopharyngeal carcinoma FaDu cells using the lentivirus-mediated shRNA method. Cell proliferation was detected by an MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The results of the present study demonstrated that RBM17 expression was significantly decreased in FaDu cells infected with lentivirus-shRNA. Knockdown of RBM17 expression by shRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation, augmented cell apoptosis and arrested cells at the G2/M phase in FaDu cells. The results of the present study indicate that RBM17 serves a notable role in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Deshang Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyin Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
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13
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Wang X, Xu K, Yang XY, Liu J, Zeng Q, Wang FS. Upregulated miR-29c suppresses silica-induced lung fibrosis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:944-952. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117741750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an irreversible lung disease resulting from long-term inhalation of occupational dust containing silicon dioxide. However, the pathogenesis of silicosis has not been clearly understood yet. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR-29 may have a significant anti-fibrotic capacity, meanwhile it may relate to Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role of miR-29 in the progression of silicosis. A lentiviral vector was constructed, named Lv-miR-29c, which was overexpressing miR-29c. In vivo, intratracheal treatment with Lv-miR-29c significantly increased expression of miR-29c, and reduced expression of β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in the lung and levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and notably attenuated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by hydroxyproline content in silica-administered mice. These results indicated that miR-29c inhibited the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Thus, miR-29c may be a candidate target for silicosis treatment via its regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - K Xu
- College of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - XY Yang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - FS Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Li Q, Liu Q, Huang W, Li X, Wang Y. Current status on the development of pseudoviruses for enveloped viruses. Rev Med Virol 2017; 28. [PMID: 29218769 PMCID: PMC7169153 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases have a strong negative impact on public health. However, because many of these pathogens must be handled in biosafety level, 3 or 4 containment laboratories, research and development of antivirals or vaccines against these diseases are often impeded. Alternative approaches to address this issue have been vigorously pursued, particularly the use of pseudoviruses in place of wild‐type viruses. As pseudoviruses have been deprived of certain gene sequences of the virulent virus, they can be handled in biosafety level 2 laboratories. Importantly, the envelopes of these viral particles may have similar conformational structures to those of the wild‐type viruses, making it feasible to conduct mechanistic investigation on viral entry and to evaluate potential neutralizing antibodies. However, a variety of challenging issues remain, including the production of a sufficient pseudovirus yield and the inability to produce an appropriate pseudotype of certain viruses. This review discusses current progress in the development of pseudoviruses and dissects the factors that contribute to low viral yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Division of Regulatory Research, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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15
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Gélinas JF, Davies LA, Gill DR, Hyde SC. Assessment of selected media supplements to improve F/HN lentiviral vector production yields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10198. [PMID: 28860488 PMCID: PMC5579034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of lentiviral-based therapeutics is challenged by the high cost of current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) production. Lentiviruses are enveloped viruses that capture a portion of the host cell membrane during budding, which then constitutes part of the virus particle. This process might lead to lipid and protein depletion in the cell membrane and affect cell viability. Furthermore, growth in suspension also causes stresses that can affect virus production yields. To assess the impact of these issues, selected supplements (Cholesterol Lipid Concentrate, Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate, Lipid Mixture 1, Gelatin Peptone N3, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine and Pluronic F-68) were assayed in order to improve production yields in a transient transfection production of a Sendai virus F/HN-pseudotyped HIV-1-based third generation lentiviral vector in FreeStyle 293 (serum-free media) in suspension. None of the supplements tested had a significant positive impact on lentiviral vector yields, but small non-significant improvements could be combined to increase vector production in a cell line where other conditions have been optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Gélinas
- Gene Medicine Research Group, NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee A Davies
- Gene Medicine Research Group, NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,United Kingdom Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium, Oxford, Edinburgh, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Gill
- Gene Medicine Research Group, NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,United Kingdom Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium, Oxford, Edinburgh, London, UK
| | - Stephen C Hyde
- Gene Medicine Research Group, NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. .,United Kingdom Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium, Oxford, Edinburgh, London, UK.
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16
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Vega-Crespo A, Truong B, Hermann KJ, Awe JP, Chang KM, Lee PC, Schoenberg BE, Wu L, Byrne JA, Lipshutz GS. Investigating the functionality of an OCT4-short response element in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:16050. [PMID: 27500178 PMCID: PMC4954563 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells offer great therapeutic promise for personalized treatment platforms for numerous injuries, disorders, and diseases. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a key regulatory gene maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal of mammalian cells. With site-specific integration for gene correction in cellular therapeutics, use of the OCT4 promoter may have advantages when expressing a suicide gene if pluripotency remains. However, the human OCT4 promoter region is 4 kb in size, limiting the capacity of therapeutic genes and other regulatory components for viral vectors, and decreasing the efficiency of homologous recombination. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the functionality of a novel 967bp OCT4-short response element during pluripotency and to examine the OCT4 titer-dependent response during differentiation to human derivatives not expressing OCT4. Our findings demonstrate that the OCT4-short response element is active in pluripotency and this activity is in high correlation with transgene expression in vitro, and the OCT4-short response element is inactivated when pluripotent cells differentiate. These studies demonstrate that this shortened OCT4 regulatory element is functional and may be useful as part of an optimized safety component in a site-specific gene transferring system that could be used as an efficient and clinically applicable safety platform for gene transfer in cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Vega-Crespo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Brian Truong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Kip J Hermann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Jason P Awe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Katherine M Chang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Patrick C Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Benjamen E Schoenberg
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - James A Byrne
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA
| | - Gerald S Lipshutz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, alifornia, USA; Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California USA; Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, California USA; Department of Urology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California USA; The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, California USA; The Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, California USA
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17
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Yao X, Dong Z, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Lai D. Epithelial ovarian cancer stem-like cells expressing α-gal epitopes increase the immunogenicity of tumor associated antigens. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:956. [PMID: 26673159 PMCID: PMC4682262 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance, new stratagems that selectively target ovarian CSCs are critically significant. Our previous work have demonstrated that ovarian cancer spheroid cells are tumorigenic and chemo-resistant, and have the properties of ovarian CSCs. Herein, we hypothesized that expressing α-gal epitopes on ovarian spheroid cells may help eliminate CSCs and improve the outcome of therapeutic intervention for ovarian cancer patients. Methods Lentivirus-mediated transfer of a pig α(1,3)galactosyltransferase [α1,3GT] enzyme gene into human ovarian cell line SKOV3 cells formed α-gal epitope-expressing cells (SKOV3-gal cells), and then these cells were maintained in a serum-free culture system to form SKOV3-gal spheroid cells. Efficacy of this cell vaccine was demonstrated in α1,3GT knockout mice (α1,3GT KO mice). Results The antibody titers to α-gal epitopes measured by ELISA were significantly increased in α1,3GT KO mice after immunization with SKOV3-gal spheroid cells. Furthermore, compared with the non-immunized KO mice, the SKOV3 tumors grafted under renal capsules of KO mice immunized with SKOV3-gal spheroid cells grew slower and began to shrink on day 12. Western blot analysis also showed that immunized KO mice can produce effective antibody against certain tumor associated antigens (TAAs) derived from both SKOV3 cells and SKOV3 spheroid cells. The TAAs were further investigated by mass spectrometry and RNA interference (RNAi) technology. The results suggested that antibodies responding to protein c-erbB-2 may be raised in the sera of the mice after immunization with SKOV3-gal spheroid cells. Ultimately, vaccination with SKOV3-gal spheroid cells induced more CD3 + CD4 + T cells in the spleen of immunized mice than non-immunized KO mice. Conclusions The results suggest that vaccination using ovarian cancer stem-like cells engineered to express α-gal epitopes may be a novel strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1973-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Yao
- The Center of Research Laboratory, and Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhangli Dong
- The Center of Research Laboratory, and Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiuwan Zhang
- The Center of Research Laboratory, and Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- The Center of Research Laboratory, and Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The Center of Research Laboratory, and Department of Gynecology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Briot A, Civelek M, Seki A, Hoi K, Mack JJ, Lee SD, Kim J, Hong C, Yu J, Fishbein GA, Vakili L, Fogelman AM, Fishbein MC, Lusis AJ, Tontonoz P, Navab M, Berliner JA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Endothelial NOTCH1 is suppressed by circulating lipids and antagonizes inflammation during atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2147-63. [PMID: 26552708 PMCID: PMC4647265 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Briot et al. show that inflammatory lipids deriving from a high-fat diet suppress NOTCH1 expression and signaling in adult arterial endothelium and propose that reduction of endothelial NOTCH1 is a predisposing factor in the onset of atherosclerosis. Although much progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms that trigger endothelial activation and inflammatory cell recruitment during atherosclerosis, less is known about the intrinsic pathways that counteract these events. Here we identified NOTCH1 as an antagonist of endothelial cell (EC) activation. NOTCH1 was constitutively expressed by adult arterial endothelium, but levels were significantly reduced by high-fat diet. Furthermore, treatment of human aortic ECs (HAECs) with inflammatory lipids (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [Ox-PAPC]) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL1β) decreased Notch1 expression and signaling in vitro through a mechanism that requires STAT3 activation. Reduction of NOTCH1 in HAECs by siRNA, in the absence of inflammatory lipids or cytokines, increased inflammatory molecules and binding of monocytes. Conversely, some of the effects mediated by Ox-PAPC were reversed by increased NOTCH1 signaling, suggesting a link between lipid-mediated inflammation and Notch1. Interestingly, reduction of NOTCH1 by Ox-PAPC in HAECs was associated with a genetic variant previously correlated to high-density lipoprotein in a human genome-wide association study. Finally, endothelial Notch1 heterozygous mice showed higher diet-induced atherosclerosis. Based on these findings, we propose that reduction of endothelial NOTCH1 is a predisposing factor in the onset of vascular inflammation and initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Briot
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Atsuko Seki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Karen Hoi
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Julia J Mack
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stephen D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jason Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ladan Vakili
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Judith A Berliner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Wang R, Guo Y, Ma H, Feng L, Wang Q, Chen X, Lian M, Wang H, Fang J. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13 is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and promotes cancer cell proliferation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2635-45. [PMID: 26395262 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13) modulates cell proliferation and apoptosis and participates in the pathogenesis of solid tumors, but its role in laryngeal cancer development is not clearly defined. In order to investigate whether TNFSF13 can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and the role of TNFSF13 in laryngeal cancer carcinogenesis, we conducted immunohistochemistry and ELISA assays to evaluate the expression level of TNFSF13 in laryngeal cancer patients and the contrast. We also conducted experiments on the functional study of TNFSF13 in vitro. We found that the expression levels of TNFSF13, ki-67, and NF-κB p65 in LSCC tumor tissues were higher than those in vocal polyp and para-carcinoma tissues. The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the expression of TNFSF13 had a positive correlation with the expression of ki-67 and NF-κB p65. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier plots confirmed the expression level of TNFSF13 was a prognostic factor for LSCC. Moreover, the serum TNFSF13 level was significantly higher in LSCC patients than in the controls, and the serum expression level of TNFSF13 can distinguish LSCC from healthy people, precancerosis, or laryngeal benign tumor. In addition, functional study of TNFSF13 in vitro revealed that knockdown of TNFSF13 inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest in Hep-2 cells. In conclusion, TNFSF13 may be a potential novel molecular target for diagnosis and prognosis in human LSCC, and therapies that target TNFSF13 may have clinical significance for the treatment of LSCC.
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Wang X, Dai W, Wang Y, Gu Q, Yang D, Zhang M. Blocking the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Lentivirus-Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Targeting β-Catenin Gene Suppresses Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:10739-54. [PMID: 26340635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120910739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. While the pathogenesis of silicosis is not clearly understood, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to play a major role in lung fibrosis. To explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in silicosis, we blocked Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in silica-treated MLE-12 cells (a mouse pulmonary epithelial cell line) and in a mouse silicosis model by using a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA silencing β-catenin (Lv-shβ-catenin). In vitro, Lv-shβ-catenin significantly decreased the expression of β-catenin, MMP2 and MMP9, and secretion of TGF-β1. In vivo, intratracheal treatment with Lv-shβ-catenin significantly reduced expression of β-catenin in the lung and levels of TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and notably attenuated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by hydroxyproline content and collagen I\III synthesis in silica-administered mice. These results indicate that blockade of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can prevent the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Thus Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a target in prevention and treatment of silicosis.
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Isaacs CJ, Shinnick JE, Schadt K, Lynch DR, Lin KY. Prospects of gene and cell therapy for managing cardiac complications in Friedreich ataxia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1083854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhao B, Zong G, Xie Y, Li J, Wang H, Bian E. Downregulation of ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like with a short hairpin RNA inhibits human glioma cell growth in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1012-8. [PMID: 26310274 PMCID: PMC4564085 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L), which contains a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain near its N-terminus, has been indicated in the pathogenesis of several human cancers, including multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant ovarian tumors. However, the role of UBAP2L in human glioma remains unknown. In the present study, UBAP2L was widely expressed in multiple glioma cell lines. To further examine the effects of UBAP2L on glioma growth, lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was employed to knockdown UBAP2L expression in the glioblastoma cell lines. Depletion of UBAP2L significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability, as determined by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell cycle analysis showed that UBAP2L knockdown induced G0/G1 phase arrest in U251 and U373 cells, while S phase arrest was induced in A172 cells. These results suggest that UBAP2L has a key role in glioma cell growth, and may act as an oncogene to promote malignant glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Smolina N, Kostareva A, Bruton J, Karpushev A, Sjoberg G, Sejersen T. Primary Murine Myotubes as a Model for Investigating Muscular Dystrophy. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:594751. [PMID: 26380282 DOI: 10.1155/2015/594751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies caused by defects in various genes are often associated with impairment of calcium homeostasis. Studies of calcium currents are hampered because of the lack of a robust cellular model. Primary murine myotubes, formed upon satellite cell fusion, were examined for their utilization as a model of adult skeletal muscle. We enzymatically isolated satellite cells and induced them to differentiation to myotubes. Myotubes displayed morphological and physiological properties resembling adult muscle fibers. Desmin and myosin heavy chain immunoreactivity in the differentiated myotubes were similar to the mature muscle cross-striated pattern. The myotubes responded to electrical and chemical stimulations with sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release. Presence of L-type calcium channels in the myotubes sarcolemma was confirmed via whole-cell patch-clamp technique. To assess the use of myotubes for studying functional mutation effects lentiviral transduction was applied. Satellite cells easily underwent transduction and were able to retain a positive expression of lentivirally encoded GFP up to and after the formation of myotubes, without changes in their physiological and morphological properties. Thus, we conclude that murine myotubes may serve as a fruitful cell model for investigating calcium homeostasis in muscular dystrophy and the effects of gene modifications can be assessed due to lentiviral transduction.
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Wang X, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Ling Z, Yu P. Tectonic 1 accelerates gastric cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5897-902. [PMID: 26252641 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is important in development and cancer. Hh signaling is constitutively active in gastric cancer. Recently, tectonic 1 (TCTN1) was identified as one regulator of the Hh pathway. In the present study, the biological role of TCTN1 was examined in gastric cancer via an RNA interference lentivirus system. The constructed lentivirus efficiently suppressed TCTN1 expression in three gastric cancer cell lines. The proliferation of gastric cancer cells was significantly inhibited in TCTN1 knockdown cells, as determined by 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Furthermore, in order to determine the underlying mechanism, the cell cycle progression of MGC80‑3 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Knockdown of TCTN1 led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which contributed to inhibition of growth. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that TCTN1 was essential in the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro, suggesting TCTN1 as a potential target candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbao Wang
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Yu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Clinic, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ling
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
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Okada M, Andharia N, Matsuda H. Increase in the titer of lentiviral vectors expressing potassium channels by current blockade during viral vector production. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:30. [PMID: 25940378 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High titers of lentiviral vectors are required for the efficient transduction of a gene of interest. During preparation of lentiviral the vectors, the protein of interest is inevitably expressed in the viral vector-producing cells. This expression may affect the production of the lentiviral vector. Methods We prepared lentiviral vectors expressing inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Lv-Kir2.1), its dominant-negative form (Lv-Kir-DN), and other K+ channels, using the ubiquitously active β-actin and neuron-specific synapsin I promoters. Results The titer of Lv-Kir-DN was higher than that of Lv-Kir2.1, suggesting a negative effect of induced K+ currents on viral titer. We then blocked Kir2.1 currents with the selective blocker Ba2+ during Lv-Kir2.1 production, and obtained about a 5-fold increase in the titer. Higher extracellular K+ concentrations increased the titer of Lv-Kir2.1 about 9-fold. With a synapsin I promoter Ba2+ increased the titer because of the moderate expression of Kir2.1 channel. Channel blockade also increased the titers of the lentivirus expressing Kv1.4 and TREK channels, but not HERG. The increase in titer correlated with the K+ currents generated by the channels expressed. Conclusion In the production of lentivirus expressing K+ channels, titers are increased by blocking K+ currents in the virus-producing cells. This identifies a crucial issue in the production of viruses expressing membrane channels, and should facilitate basic and gene therapeutic research on channelopathies.
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Jing J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Zhao Q, Liang Q, Wang S, Ma J. Effect of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N on the proliferation of medulloblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3337-43. [PMID: 25571951 PMCID: PMC4368083 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spliceosome mutations have been reported in various types of cancer and a number of antitumor drugs have been observed to tightly bind to spliceosome components. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N (SNRPN) is a small ribonuclear protein and is a key spliceosome constituent. However, the role of SNRPN in human medulloblastoma remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of SNRPN on cell growth was investigated in vitro using the Daoy human medulloblastoma cell line. Lentivirus (Lv)-mediated short hairpin (sh) RNA was used to silence SNRPN expression, which was verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT and colony formation assays. Knockdown of SNRPN markedly reduced the proliferation and colony formation ability of Daoy medulloblastoma cells. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle distribution was altered when the Daoy cells were infected with Lv-shSNRPN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of SNRPN on cell proliferation in medulloblastoma. The results indicate that SNRPN may be a potential novel target for the development of pharmacological therapeutics in human medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of the Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Qingshuang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Qinchuan Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of the Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of the Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang J, Yang Y, Wu Q. RNA interference-mediated silencing of G protein-coupled receptor 137 inhibits human gastric cancer cell growth. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2578-84. [PMID: 25514843 PMCID: PMC4337595 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 137 (GPR137) is an integral membrane protein, which belongs to the GPR137 family of cell surface mediators of signal transduction. GPF137 was recently identified; however, its role in human disease onset has remained to be elucidated. GPR137 is highly expressed in multiple human gastric cancer cell lines. A GPR137 short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing vector was transfected into AGS and MGC80-3 gastric cancer cells, and the subsequent depletion of GPR137 resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and colony formation, as determined by MTT and colony formation assays. In addition, cell cycle analysis indicated that GPR137 knockdown arrested MGC80-3 cells in G2/M phase. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate the role of GPR137 in gastric tumorigenesis and revealed that knockdown of GPR137 by lentivirus-mediated shRNA transfection inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro. These results indicated that GPR137 may present a novel target for the development of pharmacological therapeutics for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Surgery Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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Yu X, Zheng B, Chai R. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D inhibits proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:e00161. [PMID: 25370813 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20140078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein synthesis is emerging as a major contributory factor in cancer development. eIF3D (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D) is one member of the eIF3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3) family, which is essential for initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Acquaintance with eIF3D is little since it has been identified as a dispensable subunit of eIF3 complex. Recently, eIF3D was found to embed somatic mutations in human colorectal cancers, indicating its importance for tumour progression. To further probe into its action in colon cancer, we utilized lentivirus-mediated RNA interference to knock down eIF3D expression in one colon cancer cell line HCT116. Knockdown of eIF3D in HCT116 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that depletion of eIF3D led to cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and induced an excess accumulation of HCT116 cells in the sub-G1 phase representing apoptotic cells. Signalling pathways responsible for cell growth and apoptosis have also been found altered after eIF3D silencing, such as AMPKα (AMP-activated protein kinase alpha), Bad, PRAS40 [proline-rich Akt (PKB) substrate of 40 kDa], SAPK (stress-activated protein kinase)/JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), GSK3β and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase]. Taken together, these findings suggest that eIF3D might play an important role in colon cancer progression. eIF3D is essential for colon cancer cell growth, and knockdown of eIF3D resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation probably due to activation of AMPKα, Bad, PRAS40, SAPK/JNK and GSK3β, as well as cleavage of PARP.
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29
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Yoo JH, Ho S, Tran DHY, Cheng M, Bakirtzi K, Kubota Y, Ichikawa R, Su B, Tran DHN, Hing TC, Chang I, Shih DQ, Issacson RE, Gallo RL, Fiocchi C, Pothoulakis C, Koon HW. Anti-fibrogenic effects of the anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin in murine colitis-associated fibrosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 1:55-74.e1. [PMID: 25729764 PMCID: PMC4338438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cathelicidin (LL-37 in human and mCRAMP in mice) represents a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides with anti-inflammatory effects. LL-37 also suppresses collagen synthesis, an important fibrotic response, in dermal fibroblasts. Here we determined whether exogenous cathelicidin administration modulates intestinal fibrosis in two animal models of intestinal inflammation and in human colonic fibroblasts. METHODS C57BL/6J mice (n=6 per group) were administered intracolonically with a trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) enema to induce chronic (6-7 weeks) colitis with fibrosis. mCRAMP peptide (5 mg/kg every 3 day, week 5-7) or cathelicidin gene (Camp)-expressing lentivirus (107 infectious units week 4) were administered intracolonically or intravenously, respectively. 129Sv/J mice were infected with Salmonella typhimurium orally to induce cecal inflammation with fibrosis. Camp expressing lentivirus (107 infectious units day 11) was administered intravenously. RESULTS TNBS-induced chronic colitis was associated with increased colonic collagen (col1a2) mRNA expression. Intracolonic cathelicidin (mCRAMP peptide) administration or intravenous delivery of lentivirus-overexpressing cathelicidin gene significantly reduced colonic col1a2 mRNA expression in TNBS-exposed mice, compared to vehicle administration. Salmonella infection also caused increased cecal inflammation associated with collagen (col1a2) mRNA expression that was prevented by intravenous delivery of Camp-expressing lentivirus. Exposure of human primary intestinal fibroblasts and human colonic CCD-18Co fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 induced collagen protein and mRNA expression, that was reduced by LL-37 (3-5 µM) through a MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION Cathelicidin can reverse intestinal fibrosis by directly inhibiting collagen synthesis in colonic fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hwan Yoo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Samantha Ho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deanna Hoang-Yen Tran
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyriaki Bakirtzi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuzu Kubota
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bowei Su
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Diana Hoang-Ngoc Tran
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tressia C. Hing
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irene Chang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Q. Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard E. Issacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, University of California–San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Hon Wai Koon, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, MRL Building, Room 1519, 675 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, California 90095. fax: (310) 825-3542.
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Duraffourd C, Kumala E, Anselmi L, Brecha NC, Sternini C. Opioid-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in rat enteric neurons following chronic morphine treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110230. [PMID: 25302800 PMCID: PMC4193881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids, acting at μ opioid receptors, are commonly used for pain management. Chronic opioid treatment induces cellular adaptations, which trigger long-term side effects, including constipation mediated by enteric neurons. We tested the hypothesis that chronic opioid treatment induces alterations of μ opioid receptor signaling in enteric neurons, which are likely to serve as mechanisms underlying opioid-induced constipation. In cultured rat enteric neurons, either untreated (naïve) or exposed to morphine for 4 days (chronic), we compared the effect of morphine and DAMGO (D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5 enkephalin) on μ opioid receptor internalization and downstream signaling by examining the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (MAPK/ERK) pathway, cAMP accumulation and transcription factor cAMP Response Element-Binding protein (CREB) expression. μ opioid receptor internalization and MAPK/ERK phosphorylation were induced by DAMGO, but not morphine in naïve neurons, and by both opioids in chronic neurons. MAPK/ERK activation was prevented by the receptor antagonist naloxone, by blocking receptor trafficking with hypertonic sucrose, dynamin inhibitor, or neuronal transfection with mutated dynamin, and by MAPK inhibitor. Morphine and DAMGO inhibited cAMP in naïve and chronic enteric neurons, and induced desensitization of cAMP signaling. Chronic morphine treatment suppressed desensitization of cAMP and MAPK signaling, increased CREB phosphorylation through a MAPK/ERK pathway and induced delays of gastrointestinal transit, which was prevented by MAPK/ERK blockade. This study showed that opioids induce endocytosis- and dynamin-dependent MAPK/ERK activation in enteric neurons and that chronic morphine treatment triggers changes at the receptor level and downstream signaling resulting in MAPK/ERK-dependent CREB activation. Blockade of this signaling pathway prevents the development of gastrointestinal motility impairment induced by chronic morphine treatment. These findings suggest that alterations in μ opioid receptor downstream signaling including MAPK/ERK pathway in enteric neurons chronically treated with morphine contribute to the development of opioid-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Duraffourd
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Kumala
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Anselmi
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catia Sternini
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Division of Digestive Diseases and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veteran Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Wang W, Zhu H, Zhang H, Zhang L, Ding Q, Jiang H. Targeting PPM1D by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference inhibits the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:1044-9. [PMID: 25387670 PMCID: PMC4244669 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese-dependent 1D (PPM1D) is a
p53-induced phosphatase that functions as a negative regulator of stress response
pathways and has oncogenic properties. However, the functional role of
PPM1D in bladder cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. In the
present study, lentivirus vectors carrying small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting
PPM1D were used to explore the effects of PPM1D
knockdown on BC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. shRNA-mediated knockdown of
PPM1D significantly inhibited cell growth and colony forming
ability in the BC cell lines 5637 and T24. Flow cytometric analysis showed that
PPM1D silencing increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1
phase. Downregulation of PPM1D also inhibited 5637 cell
tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results of the present study suggest that
PPM1D plays a potentially important role in BC tumorigenicity,
and lentivirus-mediated delivery of shRNA against PPM1D might be a
promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Ding
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Jiang
- Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen T, Hubbard A, Murtazina R, Price J, Yang J, Cha B, Sarker R, Donowitz M. Myosin VI mediates the movement of NHE3 down the microvillus in intestinal epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3535-45. [PMID: 24928903 PMCID: PMC4132392 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal brush border Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3 is tightly regulated through changes in its endocytosis and exocytosis. Myosin VI, a minus-end-directed actin motor, has been implicated in endocytosis at the inter-microvillar cleft and during vesicle remodeling in the terminal web. Here, we asked whether myosin VI also regulates NHE3 movement down the microvillus. The basal NHE3 activity and its surface amount, determined by fluorometry of the ratiometric pH indicator BCECF and biotinylation assays, respectively, were increased in myosin-VI-knockdown (KD) Caco-2/Bbe cells. Carbachol (CCH) and forskolin (FSK) stimulated NHE3 endocytosis in control but not in myosin VI KD cells. Importantly, immunoelectron microscopy results showed that NHE3 was preferentially localized in the basal half of control microvilli but in the distal half in myosin VI KD cells. Treatment with dynasore duplicated some aspects of myosin VI KD: it increased basal surface NHE3 activity and prevented FSK-induced NHE3 endocytosis. However, NHE3 had an intermediate distribution along the microvillus (between that in myosin VI KD and untreated cells) in dynasore-treated cells. We conclude that myosin VI is required for basal and stimulated endocytosis of NHE3 in intestinal cells, and suggest that myosin VI also moves NHE3 down the microvillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiane Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ann Hubbard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Gastroenterology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Boyoung Cha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rafiquel Sarker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Bridges CR. Gene therapy delivery systems for enhancing viral and nonviral vectors for cardiac diseases: current concepts and future applications. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:914-27. [PMID: 24164239 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most promising fields for developing new treatments for the advanced stages of ischemic and monogenetic, particularly autosomal or X-linked recessive, cardiomyopathies. The remarkable ongoing efforts in advancing various targets have largely been inspired by the results that have been achieved in several notable gene therapy trials, such as the hemophilia B and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Rate-limiting problems preventing successful clinical application in the cardiac disease area, however, are primarily attributable to inefficient gene transfer, host responses, and the lack of sustainable therapeutic transgene expression. It is arguable that these problems are directly correlated with the choice of vector, dose level, and associated cardiac delivery approach as a whole treatment system. Essentially, a delicate balance exists in maximizing gene transfer required for efficacy while remaining within safety limits. Therefore, the development of safe, effective, and clinically applicable gene delivery techniques for selected nonviral and viral vectors will certainly be invaluable in obtaining future regulatory approvals. The choice of gene transfer vector, dose level, and the delivery system are likely to be critical determinants of therapeutic efficacy. It is here that the interactions between vector uptake and trafficking, delivery route means, and the host's physical limits must be considered synergistically for a successful treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute , Cannon Research Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28203
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Chen B, Liu J, Wu D, Qin Y, Peng C, Li C, Wang J. Gene silencing of NOB1 by lentivirus suppresses growth and migration of human osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2173-9. [PMID: 24714960 PMCID: PMC4055445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (NOB1) encodes a chaperone protein that joins the 20S proteasome with the 19S regulatory particle in the nucleus and facilitates the biogenesis of the 26S proteasome, which plays a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by controlling protein degradation. In order to investigate the role of NOB1 in osteosarcoma, NOB1 protein expression in human osteosarcoma cell lines was assessed using western blot analysis. Lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA was employed to knock down NOB1, and the effects of NOB1 silencing on cell growth were assessed using MTT, colony formation and cell cycle assays. Cell migration was observed using the Transwell assay. In addition, the expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were examined by western blot analysis. Functional analysis indicated that NOB1-knockdown markedly inhibited cell growth and caused G2/M-phase arrest in human osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, NOB1 inhibition decreased cell migration and increased E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in U2OS cells. In conclusion, the present study suggested that NOB1 depletion may inhibit osteosarcoma development by increasing E-cadherin and β-catenin expression and, for the first time, indicated the potential of NOB1 as a target in osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jilin Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dankai Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Sun W, Yao L, Jiang B, Guo L, Wang Q. Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and modulates cell growth. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 391:167-74. [PMID: 24627241 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 1 (SKA1) is a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. SKA1 is required for timely anaphase onset during mitosis, when chromosomes undergo bipolar attachment on spindle microtubules leading to silencing of the spindle checkpoint. Recently, SKA1 has been highlighted as a biomarker in some types of cancers, however, the precise role of SKA1 in gastric cancer remains unknown. In order to investigate the role of SKA1 in gastric cancer, the expression levels of SKA1 were analyzed in 56 gastric cancer samples and 54 non-neoplastic samples by immunohistochemistry, and we found SKA1 was significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, we employed lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA to knockdown SKA1 in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC80-3. Functional analysis indicated that SKA1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, as determined by MTT and colony formation assays. The depletion of SKA1 in MGC80-3 cells also led to S phase cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that SKA1 could be used for gastric cancer early diagnosis as a biomarker. It is possible to enable a potential therapy based on targeting SKA1.
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Xu M, Wang Y, Chen L, Pan B, Chen F, Fang Y, Yu Z, Chen G. Down-regulation of ribosomal protein S15A mRNA with a short hairpin RNA inhibits human hepatic cancer cell growth in vitro. Gene 2013; 536:84-9. [PMID: 24334120 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein s15a (RPS15A) is a highly conserved protein that promotes mRNA/ribosome interactions early in translation. Recent evidence showed that RPS15A could stimulate growth in yeast, plant and human lung carcinoma. Here we report that RPS15A knockdown could inhibit hepatic cancer cell growth in vitro. When transduced with shRPS15A-containing lentivirus, we observed inhibited cell proliferation and impaired colony formation in both HepG2 and Bel7404 cells. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that HepG2 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase when transduced with Lv-shRPS15A. In conclusion, our findings provide for the first time the biological effects of RPS15A in hepatic cancer cell growth. RPS15A may play a prominent role in heptocarcinogenesis and serve as a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiyu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Environmental and Public Health School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bujian Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Cribbs AP, Kennedy A, Gregory B, Brennan FM. Simplified production and concentration of lentiviral vectors to achieve high transduction in primary human T cells. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:98. [PMID: 24215295 PMCID: PMC3830501 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lentiviral vectors have emerged as efficient vehicles for transgene delivery in both dividing and non-dividing cells. A number of different modifications in vector design have increased biosafety and transgene expression. However, despite these advances, the transduction of primary human T cells is still challenging and methods to achieve efficient gene transfer are often expensive and time-consuming. Results Here we present a simple optimised protocol for the generation and transduction of lentivirus in primary human CD45RA+ T cells. We show that generation of high-titre lentivirus with improved primary T cell transduction is dependent upon optimised ultracentrifuge speed during viral concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that transduction efficiency can be increased with simple modifications to the culturing conditions. Overall, a transduction efficiency of up to 89% in primary human CD45RA+ cells is achievable when these modifications are used in conjunction. Conclusion The optimised protocol described here is easy to implement and should facilitate the production of high-titre lentivirus with superior transduction efficiency in primary human T cells without the need for further purification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Cribbs
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7FY, Oxford, UK.
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Kaito T, Johnson J, Ellerman J, Tian H, Aydogan M, Chatsrinopkun M, Ngo S, Choi C, Wang JC. Synergistic effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 by ex vivo gene therapy in a rat spinal fusion model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1612-9. [PMID: 24005203 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the co-expression of two different bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) genes can result in the production of heterodimeric BMPs that may be more potent than homodimers. In this study, combined BMP-2 and BMP-7 gene transfer was performed ex vivo to compare the resulting new bone formation with that of single-BMP gene transfer in a rat spinal fusion model. METHODS Forty-four athymic rats underwent posterolateral fusion at L4-L5 and were implanted with a collagen sponge containing human adipose-derived stem cells. Group A received untreated cells, and the remaining groups received cells transfected with various genes in a lentivirus vector. The transferred genes were GFP (green fluorescent protein) in Group B, BMP-2 in Group C, BMP-7 in Group D, and both BMP-2 and BMP-7 in Group E. In vitro production of BMP-2 and BMP-7 was quantified by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific to BMP-2 or BMP-7. Osseous fusion was quantified with use of radiography and microcomputed tomography. RESULTS ELISA demonstrated that Group E, which was treated with both BMP-2 and BMP-7, produced less than one-fourth as much BMP as the groups treated with a single transfected BMP (Groups C and D). Radiographs showed that all of the spines in Groups C, D, and E appeared to be fused by eight weeks; the spines in Groups A and B showed minimal evidence of new bone formation. Measurements confirmed that the mean bone formation area was significantly greater in Groups C, D, and E compared with Groups A and B (p < 0.001). In addition, the bone formation area was significantly greater in Group E compared with Groups C and D (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combined BMP-2 and BMP-7 ex vivo gene transfer was found to be significantly more effective for inducing new bone formation compared with ex vivo gene transfer of an individual BMP in a rat spinal fusion model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined BMP-2 and BMP-7 therapy may lead to efficient bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Goddard LM, Ton AN, Org T, Mikkola HKA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Selective suppression of endothelial cytokine production by progesterone receptor. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 59:36-43. [PMID: 23747964 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are well-recognized suppressors of the inflammatory response, however, their cell- and tissue-specific effects in the regulation of inflammation are far less understood, particularly for the sex-related steroids. To determine the contribution of progesterone in the endothelium, we have characterized and validated an in vitro culture system in which human umbilical vein endothelial cells constitutively express human progesterone receptor (PR). Using next generation RNA-sequencing, we identified a selective group of cytokines that are suppressed by progesterone both under physiological conditions and during pathological activation by lipopolysaccharide. In particular, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2/3, and CXCL1 were found to be direct targets of PR, as determined by ChIP-sequencing. Regulation of these cytokines by progesterone was also confirmed by bead-based multiplex cytokine assays and quantitative PCR. These findings provide a novel role for PR in the direct regulation of cytokine levels secreted by the endothelium. They also suggest that progesterone-PR signaling in the endothelium directly impacts leukocyte trafficking in PR-expressing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Goddard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Yang M, Gao H, Chen P, Jia J, Wu S. Knockdown of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 expression suppresses breast cancer cell growth and colony formation and affects the cell cycle. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:171-8. [PMID: 23624618 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an important anti-virus protein and has been recently shown to play a role in human cancer development. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the expression of the IFITM3 protein in breast cancer tissues and to investigate the in vitro effects of IFITM3 knockdown in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth and cell cycle distributions. A total of 64 patients of breast cancer and the matched normal tissue specimens were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis of IFITM3 expression. Lentivirus-carrying IFITM3 shRNA was used to knock down IFITM3 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Phenotypic changes of cell viability, growth, colony formation and cell cycle distribution was also assayed using flow cytometry, MTT, BrdU incorporation and colony formation assays. The IFITM3 protein was highly expressed in invasive breast cancer compared to normal tissues and was significantly associated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. The lentivirus-carried IFITM3 shRNA significantly reduced the expression of IFITM3 mRNA and protein in breast cancer cells, inhibiting tumor cell viability, growth and colony formation, arrested tumor cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and reduced the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Expression of IFITM3 protein could be a potential therapeutic target in future treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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41
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Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu J, Chen Z, Na R, Ding G, Zhang H, Ding Q. Knockdown of zinc finger protein X-linked inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:684-9. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Law IKM, Murphy JE, Bakirtzi K, Bunnett NW, Pothoulakis C. Neurotensin-induced proinflammatory signaling in human colonocytes is regulated by β-arrestins and endothelin-converting enzyme-1-dependent endocytosis and resensitization of neurotensin receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15066-75. [PMID: 22416137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.327262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide/hormone neurotensin (NT) mediates intestinal inflammation and cell proliferation by binding of its high affinity receptor, neurotensin receptor-1 (NTR1). NT stimulates IL-8 expression in NCM460 human colonic epithelial cells by both MAP kinase- and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Although the mechanism of NTR1 endocytosis has been studied, the relationship between NTR1 intracellular trafficking and inflammatory signaling remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we show that in NCM460 cells exposed to NT, β-arrestin-1 (βARR1), and β-arrestin-2 (βARR2) translocate to early endosomes together with NTR1. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) degrades NT in acidic conditions, and its activity is crucial for NTR1 recycling. Pretreatment of NCM460 cells with the ECE-1 inhibitor SM19712 or gene silencing of βARR1 or βARR2 inhibits NT-stimulated ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, and IL-8 secretion. Furthermore, NT-induced cell proliferation, but not IL-8 transcription, is attenuated by the JNK inhibitor, JNK(AII). Thus, NTR1 internalization and recycling in human colonic epithelial cells involves βARRs and ECE-1, respectively. Our results also indicate that βARRs and ECE-1-dependent recycling regulate MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling as well as cell proliferation in human colonocytes in response to NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Ka Man Law
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7019, USA
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Di Pasquale E, Latronico MVG, Jotti GS, Condorelli G. Lentiviral vectors and cardiovascular diseases: a genetic tool for manipulating cardiomyocyte differentiation and function. Gene Ther 2012; 19:642-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fang J, Yu Z, Lian M, Ma H, Tai J, Zhang L, Han D. Knockdown of zinc finger protein, X-linked (ZFX) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 360:301-7. [PMID: 22009483 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ZFX (zinc finger protein, X-linked) gene locus on the human X chromosome is structurally similar to the zinc finger protein, Y-linked gene, which may constitute the primary sex-determining signal. However, the pathological roles of the dysfunction of ZFX gene in human disease such as cancer have not been addressed. Here, we analyzed the expression of ZFX in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue specimens and found a significant up-regulation compared to corresponding non-tumorous LSCC tissue. Recombinant lentivirus expressing ZFX short hairpin RNA (shZFX) was constructed and infected Hep-2 human LSCC cells. We found that knockdown of ZFX gene resulted in suppression of proliferation and colony-forming ability of Hep-2 cells, and led to S phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, down-regulation of ZFX induced a significant enhancement of cell apoptosis and expression changes of apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that high expression of ZFX is associated with LSCC progression and knockdown of ZFX may block tumor cell growth mainly by promoting cell apoptosis.
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Round JE, Sun H. The adaptor protein Nck2 mediates Slit1-induced changes in cortical neuron morphology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47:265-73. [PMID: 21600986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Slits are multifunctional guidance cues, capable of triggering neurite repulsion, extension, or branching, depending on cell type and developmental context. While the Robo family of Slit receptors is a well-established mediator of axon repulsion, a role for Robos in Slit-mediated neurite growth and branching is not well defined, and the signaling molecules that link Robo to the cytoskeletal changes that drive neurite outgrowth are not well characterized in vertebrates. We show that Slit stimulates cortical dendrite branching, and we report that Slit also triggers a robust increase in the length of cortical axons in vitro. Moreover, neurons derived from Robo1; Robo2 deficient mice do not display an increase in neurite length, indicating that endogenous Robos mediate Slit's growth-promoting effects on both axons and dendrites. We also demonstrate that the SH2/SH3 adaptor proteins Nck1 and Nck2 bind to Robo via an atypical SH3-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, we show that only Nck2 is required for the Slit-induced changes in cortical neuron morphology in vitro. These findings indicate a specific role for Nck2 in linking Robo activation to the cytoskeleton rearrangements that shape cortical neuron morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Round
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.
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Ji-Fu E, Xing JJ, Hao LQ, Fu CG. Suppression of lung cancer metastasis-related protein 1 (LCMR1) inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3675-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Louch WE, Sheehan KA, Wolska BM. Methods in cardiomyocyte isolation, culture, and gene transfer. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011;51:288-298. [PMID: 21723873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since techniques for cardiomyocyte isolation were first developed 35 years ago, experiments on single myocytes have yielded great insight into their cellular and sub-cellular physiology. These studies have employed a broad range of techniques including electrophysiology, calcium imaging, cell mechanics, immunohistochemistry and protein biochemistry. More recently, techniques for cardiomyocyte culture have gained additional importance with the advent of gene transfer technology. While such studies require a high quality cardiomyocyte population, successful cell isolation and maintenance during culture remain challenging. In this review, we describe methods for the isolation of adult and neonatal ventricular myocytes from rat and mouse heart. This discussion outlines general principles for the beginner, but also provides detailed specific protocols and advice for common caveats. We additionally review methods for short-term myocyte culture, with particular attention given to the importance of substrate and media selection, and describe time-dependent alterations in myocyte physiology that should be anticipated. Gene transfer techniques for neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes are also reviewed, including methods for transfection (liposome, electroporation) and viral-based gene delivery.
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Wang W, Gong J, Zhang L, Chen Z, Ding Q. Expression of Med19 in bladder cancer tissues and its role on bladder cancer cell growth. Urol Oncol 2011; 30:920-7. [PMID: 21478038 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human Med19 gene encodes a critical subunit that stabilizes the whole mediator complex. To understand the role of Med19 in bladder cancer, we studied the effects of lentivirus-mediated suppression of Med19 expression on bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was used to demonstrate the expression of Med19 in human bladder cancer. The lentivirus vectors containing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target Med19 were constructed. After bladder cancer cells (5637 and T24) were infected, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure Med19 expression. The influence of Med19 on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells were assessed using MTT, BrdU, colony formation and tumorigenicity experiments. Cell cycle was analyzed with flow cytometric assay. RESULTS Med19 was up-regulated in human bladder cancers compared with adjacent benign tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, but was strongly inhibited in 5637 and T24 bladder cancer cells infected with lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19. The down-regulation of Med19 increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phases and attenuated the growth of 5637 and T24 cells in vitro. The tumorigenicity of Med19-suppressed T24 cells was decreased after inoculation into nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19 may be a promising tool for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Heart failure is a chronic progressive disorder in which frequent and recurrent hospitalizations are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The incidence and the prevalence of this disease will increase with the increase in the number of the aging population of the United States. Understanding the molecular pathology and pathophysiology of this disease will uncover novel targets and therapies that can restore the function or attenuate the damage of malfunctioning cardiomyocytes by gene therapy that becomes an interesting and a promising field for the treatment of heart failure as well as other diseases in the future. Of equal importance are developing vectors and delivery methods that can efficiently transduce most of the cardiomyocytes that can offer a long-term expression and that can escape the host immune response. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors have the potential to become a promising novel therapeutic vehicles for molecular medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Li LH, He J, Hua D, Guo ZJ, Gao Q. Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Med19 suppresses growth of breast cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:207-15. [PMID: 20890603 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mediator is a large multiprotein complex vital for transcription regulation. Human Med19 is a critical subunit of the mediator complex and plays an important role in stabilizing the whole mediator. To understand the role and mechanism of Med19 in breast cancer, we carried out studies on the impacts of lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Med19 on breast cancer cells in vitro. METHOD The expression of Med19 in breast cancer tissue was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. The impacts of lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Med19 on breast cancer cells were detected using flow cytometric, cell proliferation, BrdU incorporation, and colony formation assays. RESULTS The upregulated expression of Med19 was found in breast cancer tissues. Med19 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade (p = 0.026). The expression of Med19 was strongly suppressed in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells infected with lentiviruses delivering small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against Med19. The inhibition of Med19 elicited augmentation of G0/G1 phase proportion and significantly attenuated the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Med19 plays an important role in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, which suggested that the lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19 could be a promising tool for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Oncology Institute, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 200 Huihe Road, Wuxi 214062, China.
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