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Van S, Pal S, Garner BR, Steed K, Sridharan V, Mu S, Rusch NJ, Stolarz AJ. Dantrolene Prevents the Lymphostasis Caused by Doxorubicin in the Rat Mesenteric Circulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727526. [PMID: 34483938 PMCID: PMC8415554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a risk factor for arm lymphedema in breast cancer patients. We reported that DOX opens ryanodine receptors (RYRs) to enact "calcium leak," which disrupts the rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels (LVs) to attenuate lymph flow. Here, we evaluated whether dantrolene, a clinically available RYR1 subtype antagonist, prevents the detrimental effects of DOX on lymphatic function. Experimental Approach: Isolated rat mesenteric LVs were cannulated, pressurized (4-5 mm Hg) and equilibrated in physiological salt solution and Fura-2AM. Video microscopy recorded changes in diameter and Fura-2AM fluorescence tracked cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+ i]). High-speed in vivo microscopy assessed mesenteric lymph flow in anesthetized rats. Flow cytometry evaluated RYR1 expression in freshly isolated mesenteric lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs). Key Results: DOX (10 μmol/L) increased resting [Ca2+ i] by 17.5 ± 3.7% in isolated LVs (n = 11). The rise in [Ca2+ i] was prevented by dantrolene (3 μmol/L; n = 10). A single rapid infusion of DOX (10 mg/kg i.v.) reduced positive volumetric lymph flow to 29.7 ± 10.8% (n = 7) of baseline in mesenteric LVs in vivo. In contrast, flow in LVs superfused with dantrolene (10 μmol/L) only decreased to 76.3 ± 14.0% (n = 7) of baseline in response to DOX infusion. Subsequently, expression of the RYR1 subtype protein as the presumed dantrolene binding site was confirm in isolated mesenteric LMCs by flow cytometry. Conclusion and Implications: We conclude that dantrolene attenuates the acute impairment of lymph flow by DOX and suggest that its prophylactic use in patients subjected to DOX chemotherapy may lower lymphedema risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Van
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Soumiya Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Brittney R. Garner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kate Steed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Nancy J. Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Amanda J. Stolarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Bangash MN, Abbott TEF, Patel NSA, Hinds CJ, Thiemermann C, Pearse RM. The Effect of β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonists on Leucocyte-Endothelial Adhesion in a Rodent Model of Laparotomy and Endotoxemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1001. [PMID: 32670267 PMCID: PMC7326121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The β2-adrenoceptor agonist dopexamine may possess anti-inflammatory actions which could reduce organ injury during endotoxemia and laparotomy. Related effects on leucocyte-endothelial adhesion remain unclear. Methods: Thirty anesthetized Wistar rats underwent laparotomy followed by induction of endotoxemia with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan (n = 24) or sham (n = 6). Animals received dopexamine at 0.5 or 1 μg kg−1 min−1 (D0.5 and D1), salbutamol at 0.1 μg kg−1 min−1, or saline vehicle (Sham and Control) for 5 h. Intravital microscopy was performed in the ileum of the small intestine to assess leucocyteendothelial adhesion, arteriolar diameter, and functional capillary density. Global hemodynamics and biochemical indices of renal and hepatic function were also measured. Results: Endotoxemia was associated with an increase in adherent leucocytes in post-capillary venules, intestinal arteriolar vasoconstriction as well-reduced arterial pressure and relative cardiac index, but functional capillary density in the muscularis was not significantly altered. Dopexamine and salbutamol administration were associated with reduced leucocyte-endothelial adhesion in post-capillary venules compared to control animals. Arteriolar diameter, arterial pressure and relative cardiac index all remained similar between treated animals and controls. Functional capillary density was similar for all groups. Control group creatinine was significantly increased compared to sham and higher dose dopexamine. Conclusions: In a rodent model of laparotomy and endotoxemia, β2-agonists were associated with reduced leucocyte-endothelial adhesion in post-capillary venules. This effect may explain some of the anti-inflammatory actions of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Nawaz Bangash
- Department of Critical Care & Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom E F Abbott
- Centre for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nimesh S A Patel
- Centre for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Johnston Hinds
- Centre for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Mark Pearse
- Centre for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Huang Y, He N, Kang Q, Shen D, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen L. A carbon dot-based fluorescent nanoprobe for the associated detection of iron ions and the determination of the fluctuation of ascorbic acid induced by hypoxia in cells and in vivo. Analyst 2019; 144:6609-6616. [PMID: 31616873 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01694e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the redox balance of biological systems is a key point to maintain a healthy physiological environment. Excessive iron ions (Fe3+) can cause apoptosis, tissue damage and death. Fortunately, ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent has been evaluated for the reduction of Fe3+. Moreover, AA plays an important role in relieving hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, the real-time imaging of the Fe3+ and AA fluctuations is important for understanding their biofunctions in cells and in vivo. In this work, we developed a fluorescent nanoprobe carbon dot-desferrioxamine B (CD-DB) by the conjugate connection of CDs and desferrioxamine B (a complexing agent for Fe3+) for the associated detection of Fe3+ and AA. CD-DB exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe3+ and AA. The nanoprobe CDs-DB@Fe obtained by the reaction of CD-DB and Fe3+ was suitable for tracing the dynamic changes of AA in cells and in vivo. Therefore, CDs-DB@Fe was used for monitoring the fluctuation of AA in hypoxic cell models, hypoxic zebrafish models and liver ischemia mice models. These results exhibited the decrease in AA under hypoxic conditions because AA was consumed to neutralize free radicals and relieve hypoxia-induced oxidative stress damage. The ideal biocompatibility and low toxicity make our nanoprobe a potential candidate for the research of the physiological effects of AA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Na He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, University, Qufu 273165, China
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Huang Y, Liu Q, Wang Y, He N, Zhao R, Choo J, Chen L. Gold nanorods functionalized by a glutathione response near-infrared fluorescent probe as a promising nanoplatform for fluorescence imaging guided precision therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12220-12229. [PMID: 31204757 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics nanoplatforms offer opportunities for imaging-guided precision therapy and hold great potential for clinical applications. In most reported works, the imaging unit has a lack of site selectivity, and is always kept in the "on" modality regardless of whether it is in normal tissues or tumor sites, increasing the risk of unsafe treatment. Herein, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided theranostics nanoplatform by integrating the functions of tumor-response and photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT). A novel NIR fluorescent dye, CyPT, with excellent optical and PDT/PTT properties, was synthesized and linked onto the gold nanorods (AuNRs) to form CyPT-AuNRs nanohybrids via a sulfur-sulfur bond that can be broken by glutathione (GSH) with high selectivity and sensitivity. In normal cells where the concentration of GSH is low, the fluorescence of CyPT is quenched by the AuNRs. By contrast, the high level of GSH in tumor cells leads to the breaking of the sulfur-sulfur bond, resulting in the release of CyPT and the accomplishment of a "off-on" fluorescence response. Followed by precise NIR tumor-imaging diagnosis, the PDT and PTT treatment which rely on the released CyPT and AuNRs, respectively, can be effectively performed. The CyPT-AuNRs nanoplatform has been successfully applied to the treatment of tumor xenograft models and no distinct damage has been observed in the nearby normal tissues. This versatile nanoplatform has potential for use in targeted tumor imaging and precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Qingluan Liu
- The Third Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Na He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Rongfang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China and Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Huang Y, Zhang X, He N, Wang Y, Kang Q, Shen D, Yu F, Chen L. Imaging of anti-inflammatory effects of HNO via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in cells and in rat gouty arthritis model. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:305-313. [PMID: 32254555 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) plays a crucial role in anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of inflammatory pathways, but the details of the endogenous generation of HNO still remain challenging owing to the complex biosynthetic pathways, in which the interaction between H2S and NO simultaneously generates HNO and polysulfides (H2Sn) in mitochondria. Moreover, nearly all the available fluorescent probes for HNO are utilized for imaging HNO in cells and tissues, instead of the in situ real-time detection of the simultaneous formation of HNO and H2Sn in mitochondria and animals. Here, we have developed a mitochondria-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe, namely, Mito-JN, to detect the generation of HNO in cells and a rat model. The probe consists of three moieties: Aza-BODIPY as a fluorescent signal transducer, a triphenylphosphonium cation as a mitochondria-targeting agent, and a diphenylphosphinobenzoyl group as an HNO-responsive unit. The response mechanism is based on an aza-ylide intramolecular ester aminolysis reaction with fluorescence emissions on. Mito-JN displays high selectivity and sensitivity for HNO over various other biologically relevant species. Mito-JN was successfully used for the detection of the endogenous generation of HNO, which is derived from the crosstalk between H2S and NO in living cells. The additional generation of H2Sn was also confirmed using our previous probe Cy-Mito. The anti-inflammatory effect of HNO was examined in a cell model of LPS-induced inflammation and a rat model of gouty arthritis. The results imply that our probe is a good candidate for the assessment of the protective effects of HNO in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Liu P, Jing X, Yu F, Lv C, Chen L. A near-infrared fluorescent probe for the selective detection of HNO in living cells and in vivo. Analyst 2015; 140:4576-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of nitroxyl (HNO) in living cells and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaotong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003, China
- Medicine Research Center
| | - Changjun Lv
- Medicine Research Center
- Binzhou Medical University
- Yantai 264003, P.R. China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003, China
- Medicine Research Center
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Mauban JRH, Fairfax ST, Rizzo MA, Zhang J, Wier WG. A method for noninvasive longitudinal measurements of [Ca2+] in arterioles of hypertensive optical biosensor mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H173-81. [PMID: 24858846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00182.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We used two-photon (2-p) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy to provide serial, noninvasive measurements of [Ca(2+)] in arterioles of living "biosensor" mice. These express a genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator (GECI), either FRET-based exMLCK or intensity-based GCaMP2. The FRET ratios, Rmin and Rmax, required for in vivo Ca(2+) calibration of exMLCK were obtained in isolated arteries. For in vivo experiments, mice were anesthetized (1.5% isoflurane), and arterioles within a depilated ear were visualized through the intact skin (i.e., noninvasively), by 2-p excitation of exMLCK (at 820 nm) or GCaMP2 (at 920 nm). Spontaneous or agonist-evoked [Ca(2+)] transients in arteriolar smooth muscle cells were imaged (at 2 Hz) with both exMLCK and GCaMP2. To examine changes in arteriolar [Ca(2+)] that might accompany hypertension, five exMLCK mice were implanted with telemetric blood pressure transducers and osmotic minipumps containing ANG II (350 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) and fed a high (6%)-salt diet for 9 days. [Ca(2+)] was measured every other day in five smooth muscle cells of two to three arterioles in each animal. Prior to ANG II/salt, [Ca(2+)] was 246 ± 42 nM. [Ca(2+)] increased transiently to 599 nM on day 2 after beginning ANG II/salt, then remained elevated at 331 ± 42 nM for 4 more days, before returning to 265 ± 47 nM 6 days after removal of ANG II/salt. In summary, two-photon excitation of exMLCK and GCaMP2 provides a method for noninvasive, longitudinal quantification of [Ca(2+)] dynamics and vascular structure in individual arterioles of a particular animal over an extended period of time, a capability that should enhance future studies of hypertension and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R H Mauban
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seth T Fairfax
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark A Rizzo
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Withrow Gil Wier
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lauterbach M, Horstick G, Plum N, Lotz J, Lauterbach E, Weilemann LS, Kempski O. C1-esterase inhibitor reverses functional consequences of superior mesenteric artery ischemia/reperfusion by limiting reperfusion injury and restoring microcirculatory perfusion. Shock 2007; 27:75-83. [PMID: 17172984 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000235093.83915.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activated complement contributes significantly to reperfusion injury after ischemia. This study explores functional consequences of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) treatment after superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO)/reperfusion using intravital microscopy. Thirty anesthetized, spontaneously breathing, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SMAO for 60 min followed by reperfusion (4 h). C1-esterase inhibitor (100 and 200 IU/kg body weight) or saline (0.9%) was given as a single bolus before reperfusion. Sham-operated animals (n = 10) without SMAO served as controls. Systemic hemodynamics were monitored continuously, arterial blood gases analyzed intermittently, and leukocyte/endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation quantified at intervals using intravital microscopy. Ileal lipid-binding protein (I-LBP) levels were determined from serum samples with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the end of the experiments. C1-esterase inhibitor restored microcirculatory perfusion to baseline levels in a dose-dependent manner and reduced adherent leukocytes after SMAO/reperfusion to similar levels in both C1-INH-treated groups during reperfusion. Furthermore, C1-INH treatment efficiently prevented metabolic acidosis, reduced the need for intravenous fluids to support blood pressure, and decreased I-LBP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Survival rates were 100% in controls and after 200 IU/kg C1-INH, 90% after 100 IU/kg C1-INH, and 30% in saline-treated animals. C1-esterase inhibitor bolus infusion efficiently blunted functional consequences of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion with I-LBP, proving to be a valuable serum marker mirroring the effect of ischemia/reperfusion and treatment at the end of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lauterbach
- Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
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Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV, Zharov VP. Optical monitoring of microlymphatic disturbances during experimental lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2007; 5:11-27. [PMID: 17508899 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2007.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat mesentery has been widely used to study microvascular functions. The goal of this work is to extend this animal model to monitor blood and lymph microvessel function during lymphedema. METHODS AND RESULTS Lymphedema is created by microsurgical removal of regional lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) or ligation of the collecting vein. Water volume in mesenteric tissue, microvessel diameters, phasic contraction, valve function, lymph flow velocity, and cell migration were analyzed during lymphedema development. Dynamic observation of water amount after lymphadenectomy revealed increasing edema from 30 min to 1 week; greatest degree of edema at one week, and gradual decrease in edema from 1 to 11 weeks. These effects were accompanied by acute constriction of lymph vessels and slowing of lymph flow velocity, switching to dilation and appearance of new blood capillaries at week 1, progressing to dilation and degenerative changes of the microlymphatic wall at week 4, and, finally, leading to lymphatic fibrosis and lymphangiogenesis at week 11. Acute venous insufficiency (30 min after vein ligation) led to significant edema, decreasing blood flow velocity to stasis, and output of erythrocytes from venules to interstitium, with further movement to microlymphatics and regional lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Rat mesentery as an animal model in combination with an advanced optical imaging system is valuable in studying microlymphatic disturbances in mesentery during the development of experimental lymphedema from latent period to chronic stages, including monitoring of individual cell dislocation with high resolution optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Galanzha
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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10
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Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV, Zharov VP. Advances in small animal mesentery models for in vivo flow cytometry, dynamic microscopy, and drug screening. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:192-218. [PMID: 17226898 PMCID: PMC4065947 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using animal mesentery with intravital optical microscopy is a well-established experimental model for studying blood and lymph microcirculation in vivo. Recent advances in cell biology and optical techniques provide the basis for extending this model for new applications, which should generate significantly improved experimental data. This review summarizes the achievements in this specific area, including in vivo label-free blood and lymph photothermal flow cytometry, super-sensitive fluorescence image cytometry, light scattering and speckle flow cytometry, microvessel dynamic microscopy, infrared (IR) angiography, and high-speed imaging of individual cells in fast flow. The capabilities of these techniques, using the rat mesentery model, were demonstrated in various studies; e.g., real-time quantitative detection of circulating and migrating individual blood and cancer cells, studies on vascular dynamics with a focus on lymphatics under normal conditions and under different interventions (e.g. lasers, drugs, nicotine), assessment of lymphatic disturbances from experimental lymphedema, monitoring cell traffic between blood and lymph systems, and high-speed imaging of cell transient deformability in flow. In particular, the obtained results demonstrated that individual cell transportation in living organisms depends on cell type (e.g., normal blood or leukemic cells), the cell’s functional state (e.g., live, apoptotic, or necrotic), and the functional status of the organism. Possible future applications, including in vivo early diagnosis and prevention of disease, monitoring immune response and apoptosis, chemo- and radio-sensitivity tests, and drug screening, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, United States.
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Menyaev Y, Tuchin VV. In vivo high-speed imaging of individual cells in fast blood flow. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:054034. [PMID: 17092183 DOI: 10.1117/1.2355666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, label-free, high-speed (up to 10,000 with the potential for 40,000 frames per second), high-resolution (up to 300 nm) real-time continuous imaging with successive framing of circulating individual erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in fast blood flow is developed. This technique, used in an animal model, reveals the extremely high dynamic deformability of erythrocytes in natural flow. Potential applications of this technique are discussed with focus on time-resolved monitoring of the cell deformation dynamics in the native biological environment, which may have diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Biomedical Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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12
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV. In vivo photothermal flow cytometry: imaging and detection of individual cells in blood and lymph flow. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:916-32. [PMID: 16408292 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a well-established, powerful technique for studying cells in artificial flow in vitro. This review covers a new potential application of this technique for studying normal and abnormal cells in their native condition in blood or lymph flow in vivo. Specifically, the capabilities of the label-free photothermal (PT) technique for detecting and imaging cells in the microvessel network of rat mesentery are analyzed from the point of view of overcoming the problems of flow cytometry in vivo. These problems include, among others, the influences of light scattering and absorption in vessel walls and surrounding tissues, instability of cell velocity, and cells numbers and positions in a vessel's cross-section. The potential applications of this new approach in cell biochemistry and medicine are discussed, including molecular imaging; studying the metabolism and pathogenesis of many diseases at a cellular level; and monitoring and quantifying metastatic and apoptotic cells, and/or their responses to therapeutic interventions (e.g., drug or radiation), in natural biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV. Integrated photothermal flow cytometry in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:051502. [PMID: 16292946 DOI: 10.1117/1.2070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of integrated flow cytometry to detect, in real time, moving cells in their natural states in vivo is demonstrated in a study of circulating red and white blood cells in lymph and blood flow of rat mesentery. This system combines dual pump-probe photothermal (PT) techniques, such as PT imaging, the PT thermolens method, and PT velocimetry, with high-resolution (up to 0.3 microm), high-speed (up to 1000 fps) transmission digital microscopy (TDM) and fluorescence imaging. All PT techniques are based on irradiation of cells in rat mesenteric microvessels with a spectrally tunable laser pulse (420 to 570 nm, 8 ns, 0.1 to 300 microJ) and on detection of temperature-dependent variations of the refractive index with a second continuous probe laser beam (633 nm, 1.4 mW). We focus on intravital monitoring of the integral PT response from single, moving, unlabeled cells (from 100 to 500 cells in one measurement). Potential in vivo applications of this new optical tool, called PT flow cytometry (PTFC), are discussed, including identification of selected cells with differences in natural absorptive properties and sizes, determination of laser-induced cell damage, estimation of flow velocity, and monitoring of circulating cells labeled with PT probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zharov
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, 4301 West Markham St. #543, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
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Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV, Zharov VP. In vivo integrated flow image cytometry and lymph/blood vessels dynamic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:054018. [PMID: 16292978 DOI: 10.1117/1.2060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The high spatial resolution (approximately 350 nm) transmission digital microscopy (TDM) was developed for real time in vivo imaging of microlymphatics of rat mesentery at a single cell level without any contrast agent. The main mesenteric microstructures (lymph-vessel diameter, valve geometry, cells, etc.) and their dynamics (wall motion, valve function, cell velocity, etc.) were monitored with TDM. Depending on structure size, different magnifications were used to image relatively large whole lymphangion (x4 to x10) as well as to image single cells (x40 to x100) in lymph and blood flow including estimation of their shape, size, and aggregation state. Various potential applications of the TDM for in vivo studies are discussed, including visualization of circulating cells in lymph and blood flows, studying the kinetics of platelets, leukocyte rolling, as well as imaging absorbing nonfluorescent mesentery structures and leukocytes with a high optical resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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Cheng H, Luo Q, Wang Z, Gong H, Chen S, Liang W, Zeng S. Efficient characterization of regional mesenteric blood flow by use of laser speckle imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2003; 42:5759-64. [PMID: 14528940 DOI: 10.1364/ao.42.005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a noninvasive full-field method--laser speckle imaging (LSI)--for measuring the regional mesenteric blood flow without scanning. A system of LSI was designed and validated in a model experiment. Dynamics of regional blood flow in the rat mesentery under the influence of noradrenaline were monitored by this method. Spatial and temporal characteristics of the mesenteric blood-flow response were achieved with high resolution. These suggested that LSI might provide a new approach to microcirculation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Sack FU, Reidenbach B, Schledt A, Dollner R, Taylor S, Gebhard MM, Hagl S. Dopexamine attenuates microvascular perfusion injury of the small bowel in pigs induced by extracorporeal circulation. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:841-7. [PMID: 12173204 DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.6.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-thoracic surgery with the use of extracorporeal circulation may lead to an impairment of splanchnic perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dopexamine on gastrointestinal microvascular perfusion failure due to extracorporeal circulation. METHODS Twenty landrace pigs served as laboratory animals. A loop of the terminal ileum was exteriorized for microscopic observation. In 13 animals a partial left-heart bypass (pLHB), with a non-pulsatile pump flow of approximately 50% of the cardiac output, was established for 2 h. Seven animals received a continuous i.v. infusion of 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1 dopexamine from the beginning of pLHB to the end of the experiment. Seven sham-operated animals served as controls. The microcirculatory network was analysed by means of intra-vital microscopy prior to, during pLHB, and 2 h after bypass. RESULTS Despite normal haemodynamics measured by arterial pressure and cardiac output, pLHB led to significant impairment of microvascular perfusion characterized by arteriolar vasoconstriction, reduction of functional capillary density (FCD) to 30% 2 h after weaning off bypass and diminished blood-cell velocities in submucous venules. Dopexamine attenuated this perfusion impairment, preventing arteriolar vasoconstriction. FCD remained normal. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that treatment with the vasoactive drug dopexamine leads to a significant reduction of the perfusion injury of the small bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- F U Sack
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Horstick G, Lauterbach M, Kempf T, Bhakdi S, Heimann A, Horstick M, Meyer J, Kempski O. Early albumin infusion improves global and local hemodynamics and reduces inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:851-5. [PMID: 11940758 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200204000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of an early, short-term albumin infusion on mesenteric microcirculation and global hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock. DESIGN A prospective, randomized study. SETTING Animal laboratory at a university medical clinic. SUBJECTS Seventeen Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-400 g. INTERVENTIONS The rats underwent median laparotomy and exteriorization of an ileal loop for intravital microscopy of the mesenteric microcirculation. Volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock was provoked by arterial blood withdrawal (2.5 mL/100 g body weight for 60 mins), followed by a 4-hr reperfusion period. Albumin (20%) or 0.9% NaCl was administered intravenously as a continuous infusion for 30 mins at the beginning of reperfusion. Reperfusion time mimicked a "prehospital" phase of 30 mins followed by a quasi "in-hospital" phase of 3.5 hrs. The "in-hospital" phase in both groups was initiated by substitution of blood followed by reperfusion with normal saline. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Central hemodynamics, mesenteric microcirculation, and arterial blood gas parameters were monitored before, during, and 60 mins after hemorrhagic shock, and for a 240-min follow-up period after initiation of reperfusion. Application of albumin markedly reduced rolling and adherent leukocytes, maximum velocity, and shear rate in the mesenteric microcirculation. Later, after improvement of mesenteric microcirculation, an intermittent increase of central venous pressure and abdominal blood flow and decrease of hematocrit was observed. CONCLUSIONS Albumin treatment of hemorrhagic shock improves microcirculation and global hemodynamics and attenuates the inflammatory response to reperfusion. It may provide clinical benefit when applied at an early stage of reperfusion during hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Horstick
- Second Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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HORSTICK GEORG, KEMPF TIBOR, LAUTERBACH MICHAEL, BHAKDI SUCHARIT, KOPACZ LAZLO, HEIMANN AXEL, MALZAHN MICHAEL, HORSTICK MARINA, MEYER JÜRGEN, KEMPSKI OLIVER. C1-Esterase-Inhibitor Treatment at Early Reperfusion of Hemorrhagic Shock Reduces Mesentery Leukocyte Adhesion and Rolling. Microcirculation 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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