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Escribano BM, Muñoz-Jurado A, Luque E, Galván A, LaTorre M, Caballero-Villarraso J, Giraldo AI, Agüera E, Túnez I. Effect of the Combination of Different Therapies on Oxidative Stress in the Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2023; 529:116-128. [PMID: 37595941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is heavily involved in several pathological features of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), such as myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and inflammation. Different therapies have been shown to reduce the oxidative stress that occurs in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Some of these therapies are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and S-allyl cysteine (SAC). This study aims to test the antioxidant effect of these three therapies, to compare the efficacy of SAC versus TMS and EVOO, and to analyze the effect of combining SAC + TMS and SAC and EVOO. Seventy Dark Agouti rats were used, which were divided into Control group; Vehicle group; Mock group; SAC; EVOO; TMS; SAC + EVOO; SAC + TMS; EAE; EAE + SAC; EAE + EVOO; EAE + TMS; EAE + SAC + EVOO; EAE + SAC + TMS. The TMS consisted of an oscillatory magnetic field in the form of a sine wave with a frequency of 60 Hz and an amplitude of 0.7mT (EL-EMF) applied for two hours in the morning, once a day, five days a week. SAC was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, orally daily, five days a week. EVOO represented 10% of their calorie intake in the total standard daily diet of rats AIN-93G. All treatments were maintained for 51 days. TMS, EVOO and SAC, alone or in combination, reduce oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant defenses and also lowering the clinical score. Combination therapies do not appear to be more potent than individual therapies against the oxidative stress of EAE or its clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Galván
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain; Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain; Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Spain.
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Caballero-Villarraso J, Medina FJ, Escribano BM, Agüera E, Santamaría A, Pascual-Leone A, Túnez I. Mechanisms Involved in Neuroprotective Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:557-573. [PMID: 34370648 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is widely used in neurophysiology to study cortical excitability. Research over the last few decades has highlighted its added value as a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of a broad range of psychiatric disorders. More recently, a number of studies have reported beneficial and therapeutic effects for TMS in neurodegenerative conditions and strokes. Yet, despite its recognised clinical applications and considerable research using animal models, the molecular and physiological mechanisms through which TMS exerts its beneficial and therapeutic effects remain unclear. They are thought to involve biochemical-molecular events affecting membrane potential and gene expression. In this aspect, the dopaminergic system plays a special role. This is the most directly and selectively modulated neurotransmitter system, producing an increase in the flux of dopamine (DA) in various areas of the brain after the application of repetitive TMS (rTMS). Other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have shown a paradoxical response to rTMS. In this way, their levels increased in the hippocampus and striatum but decreased in the hypothalamus and remained unchanged in the mesencephalon. Similarly, there are sufficient evidence that TMS up-regulates the gene expression of BDNF (one of the main brain neurotrophins). Something similar occurs with the expression of genes such as c-Fos and zif268 that encode trophic and regenerative action neuropeptides. Consequently, the application of TMS can promote the release of molecules involved in neuronal genesis and maintenance. This capacity may mean that TMS becomes a useful therapeutic resource to antagonize processes that underlie the previously mentioned neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,UGC Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Medina
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,UGC Neurología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Instituto Guttman de Neurorrehabilitación, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
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Medina-Fernandez FJ, Escribano BM, Luque E, Caballero-Villarraso J, Gomez-Chaparro JL, Feijoo M, Garcia-Maceira FI, Pascual-Leone A, Drucker-Colin R, Tunez I. Comparative of transcranial magnetic stimulation and other treatments in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:140-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Medina-Fernandez FJ, Escribano BM, Agüera E, Aguilar-Luque M, Feijoo M, Luque E, Garcia-Maceira FI, Pascual-Leone A, Drucker-Colin R, Tunez I. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on oxidative stress in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:460-469. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1324955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Begoña M. Escribano
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Macarena Aguilar-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Montserrat Feijoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - René Drucker-Colin
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Institute of Cell Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, D.F, Mexico
| | - Isaac Tunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation modifies astrocytosis, cell density and lipopolysaccharide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Life Sci 2017; 169:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Intrastriatal Grafting of Chromospheres: Survival and Functional Effects in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160854. [PMID: 27525967 PMCID: PMC4985142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) aims at re-establishing dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum by grafting dopamine-releasing cells. Chromaffin cell (CC) grafts produce some transitory improvements of functional motor deficits in PD animal models, and have the advantage of allowing autologous transplantation. However, CC grafts have exhibited low survival, poor functional effects and dopamine release compared to other cell types. Recently, chromaffin progenitor-like cells were isolated from bovine and human adult adrenal medulla. Under low-attachment conditions, these cells aggregate and grow as spheres, named chromospheres. Here, we found that bovine-derived chromosphere-cell cultures exhibit a greater fraction of cells with a dopaminergic phenotype and higher dopamine release than CC. Chromospheres grafted in a rat model of PD survived in 57% of the total grafted animals. Behavioral tests showed that surviving chromosphere cells induce a reduction in motor alterations for at least 3 months after grafting. Finally, we found that compared with CC, chromosphere grafts survive more and produce more robust and consistent motor improvements. However, further experiments would be necessary to determine whether the functional benefits induced by chromosphere grafts can be improved, and also to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the functional effects of the grafts.
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Lekhraj R, Cynamon DE, DeLuca SE, Taub ES, Pilla AA, Casper D. Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate neurite outgrowth in the dopaminergic MN9D cell line. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:761-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Lekhraj
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Deborah E. Cynamon
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Stephanie E. DeLuca
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Eric S. Taub
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Arthur A. Pilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Columbia University; New York New York
- Department of Orthopedics; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York New York
| | - Diana Casper
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
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Neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a Huntington's disease rat model: effects on neurotrophic factors and neuronal density. Neuroscience 2012; 209:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Vukicevic V, Schmid J, Hermann A, Lange S, Qin N, Gebauer L, Chunk KF, Ravens U, Eisenhofer G, Storch A, Ader M, Bornstein SR, Ehrhart-Bornstein M. Differentiation of chromaffin progenitor cells to dopaminergic neurons. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2471-86. [PMID: 22507143 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x638874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of dopamine-producing neurons from chromaffin progenitors might represent a new valuable source for replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease. However, characterization of their differentiation potential is an important prerequisite for efficient engraftment. Based on our previous studies on isolation and characterization of chromaffin progenitors from adult adrenals, this study investigates their potential to produce dopaminergic neurons and means to enhance their dopaminergic differentiation. Chromaffin progenitors grown in sphere culture showed an increased expression of nestin and Mash1, indicating an increase of the progenitor subset. Proneurogenic culture conditions induced the differentiation into neurons positive for neural markers β-III-tubulin, MAP2, and TH accompanied by a decrease of Mash1 and nestin. Furthermore, Notch2 expression decreased concomitantly with a downregulation of downstream effectors Hes1 and Hes5 responsible for self-renewal and proliferation maintenance of progenitor cells. Chromaffin progenitor-derived neurons secreted dopamine upon stimulation by potassium. Strikingly, treatment of differentiating cells with retinoic and ascorbic acid resulted in a twofold increase of dopamine secretion while norepinephrine and epinephrine were decreased. Initiation of dopamine synthesis and neural maturation is controlled by Pitx3 and Nurr1. Both Pitx3 and Nurr1 were identified in differentiating chromaffin progenitors. Along with the gained dopaminergic function, electrophysiology revealed features of mature neurons, such as sodium channels and the capability to fire multiple action potentials. In summary, this study elucidates the capacity of chromaffin progenitor cells to generate functional dopaminergic neurons, indicating their potential use in cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vukicevic
- Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
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Antioxidant-like effects and protective action of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression caused by olfactory bulbectomy. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1182-7. [PMID: 20428940 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 4 h/day for 14 days) on oxidative and cell damage caused by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in Wistar rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation products and caspase-3 were enhanced by OBX, whereas it prompted a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidative enzymes activities. The treatment with TMS reverted towards normality the biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, our data show that TMS induced a protection against cell and oxidative damage induced by OBX, as well as they support the hypothesis that oxidative stress may play an important role in depression.
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Hernández-Hernández H, Cruces-Solis H, Elías-Viñas D, Verdugo-Díaz L. Neurite outgrowth on chromaffin cells applying extremely low frequency magnetic fields by permanent magnets. Arch Med Res 2010; 40:545-50. [PMID: 20082867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an increasing interest about the effects of electromagnetic fields on health and clinical applications. Electromagnetic fields have been shown to promote differentiation and regeneration of many tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if a magnetic field (MF) varying in time is able to induce neurite outgrowth in cultured chromaffin cells. For this reason, a stimulation system was developed in order to generate a magnetic field, using permanent magnets as a supply. METHODS In this investigation we used a pair of permanent ferrite magnets. These were mounted in a mechanical system in which both magnets rotate around a culture Petri dish. The stimulation device was designed at Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City. Primary cultures of chromaffin cells were stimulated with a magnetic field of 6.4 mT and 4, 7, 10 or 12Hz (2h daily, during a 7-day period). After treatment, percentage of neurite outgrowth was calculated. RESULTS Our results show that the magnetic fields produced by rotating permanent magnets induced neurite outgrowth on chromaffin cells at 7 and 10Hz. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that MFs varying in time (7 and 10Hz) induce neurite outgrowth in chromaffin cells. These studies will contribute to elucidate the effect of noninvasive MF stimulus in order to apply it in future regeneration therapies. Also, the device designed could be used for different kind of cells and may work as a model for future clinical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Hernández-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. IPN, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F., México
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Kim S, Im WS, Kang L, Lee ST, Chu K, Kim BI. The application of magnets directs the orientation of neurite outgrowth in cultured human neuronal cells. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 174:91-6. [PMID: 18682261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electric and magnetic fields have been known to influence cellular behavior. In the present study, we hypothesized that the application of static magnetic fields to neurons will cause neurites to grow in a specific direction. In cultured human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells or PC12 cells, neurite outgrowth was induced by forskolin, retinoic acid, or nerve growth factor (NGF). We applied static magnetic fields to the neurons and analyzed the direction and morphology of newly formed neuronal processes. In the presence of the magnetic field, neurites grew in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, as revealed by the higher orientation index of neurites grown under the magnetic field compared to that of the neurites grown in the absence of the magnetic field. The neurites parallel to the magnetic field appeared to be dystrophic, beaded or thickened, suggesting that they would hinder further elongation processes. The co-localized areas of microtubules and actin filaments were arranged into the vertical axis to the magnetic field, while the levels of neurofilament and synaptotagmin were not altered. Our results suggest that the application of magnetic field can be used to modulate the orientation and direction of neurite formation in cultured human neuronal cells.
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Túnez I, Montilla P, del Carmen Muñoz M, Medina FJ, Drucker-Colín R. Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in cortical synaptosomes. Neurosci Res 2006; 56:91-5. [PMID: 16837092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; 60 Hz and 0.7 mT) treatment on 3-nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg i.p./day for 4 days)-induced oxidative stress in cortical synaptosomes of Wistar rats. The oxidative derangement was confirmed by a high level of lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyls, together with a decreased in reduced glutathione (GSH) content, catalase and GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Additionally, it was observed a reduction in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. All changes were partially prevented or reversed by administration of TMS. These results show that TMS reduces oxidative stress in cortical synaptosomes, and suggest that TMS may protect neuronal and maintain synaptic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain.
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Túnez I, Drucker-Colín R, Jimena I, Medina FJ, Muñoz MDC, Peña J, Montilla P. Transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates cell loss and oxidative damage in the striatum induced in the 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2006; 97:619-30. [PMID: 16524377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted on the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation (TMS) on the free radical production and neuronal cell loss produced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. The effects of 3-nitropropionic acid were evaluated by examining the following changes in: the quantity of hydroperoxides and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyl groups, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities; total nitrite and cell death [morphological changes, quantification of neuronal loss and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels]. Our results reveal that 3-nitropropionic acid induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum, prompts cell loss and also shows that TMS prevents the harmful effects induced by the acid. In conclusion, the results show the ability of TMS to modify neuronal response to 3-nitropropionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, y, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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Olivares-Bañuelos T, Navarro L, González A, Drucker-Colín R. Differentiation of chromaffin cells elicited by ELF MF modifies gene expression pattern. Cell Biol Int 2005; 28:273-9. [PMID: 15109983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromaffin cells exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF, 60 Hz, 0.7 mT) differentiate into sympathetic neuron-like cells. This complex process must involve both qualitative and quantitative variations in gene expression. This study looks at whether ELF MF treatment provokes changes in the global transcription profile of chromaffin cells, using the RT-Differential Display method. When the gene expression patterns of experimental groups (nerve growth factor (NGF) and ELF MF) were compared to those receiving no treatment, at least 53 transcripts showing differential expression were detected. Eight RT-PCR products, corresponding to six genes, were re-amplified, sequenced and compared with the rat gene bank. Sequence analysis showed that these genes most likely encode: phosphoglucomutase-1, neurofibromatosis-2 interacting protein, microtubule associated protein-2, thiamine pyrophosphokinase, and two unidentified hypothetical proteins (RNOR02022103 and ROR01044577), and that the presumed regulatory regions of these genes contained CTCT-clusters, which are thought to be required for electromagnetic field-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Olivares-Bañuelos
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-600, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Arias-Carrión O, Verdugo-Díaz L, Feria-Velasco A, Millán-Aldaco D, Gutiérrez AA, Hernández-Cruz A, Drucker-Colín R. Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone following transcranial magnetic field stimulation and nigrostriatal lesions. J Neurosci Res 2004; 78:16-28. [PMID: 15372495 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues at least in two regions of the mammalian adult brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone in hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neurogenesis in these regions is subjected to physiological regulation and can be modified by pharmacological and pathological events. Here we report the induction of neurogenesis in the SVZ and the differentiation after nigrostriatal pathway lesion along with transcranial magnetic field stimulation (TMFS) in adult rats. Significant numbers of proliferating cells demonstrated by bromodeoxyuridine-positive reaction colocalized with the neuronal marker NeuN were detected bilaterally in the SVZ, and several of these cells also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase. Transplanted chromaffin cells into lesioned animals also induced bilateral appearance of subependymal cells. These results show for the first time that unilateral lesion, transplant, and/or TMFS induce neurogenesis in the SVZ of rats and also that TMFS prevents the motor alterations induced by the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arias-Carrión
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, México DF, México
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Poirrier AL, Nyssen Y, Scholtes F, Multon S, Rinkin C, Weber G, Bouhy D, Brook G, Franzen R, Schoenen J. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves open field locomotor recovery after low but not high thoracic spinal cord compression-injury in adult rats. J Neurosci Res 2004; 75:253-261. [PMID: 14705146 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields are able to promote axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used routinely in neuropsychiatric conditions and as an atraumatic method to activate descending motor pathways. After spinal cord injury, these pathways are disconnected from the spinal locomotor generator, resulting in most of the functional deficit. We have applied daily 10 Hz rTMS for 8 weeks immediately after an incomplete high (T4-5; n = 5) or low (T10-11; n = 6) thoracic closed spinal cord compression-injury in adult rats, using 6 high- and 6 low-lesioned non-stimulated animals as controls. Functional recovery of hindlimbs was assessed using the BBB locomotor rating scale. In the control group, the BBB score was significantly better from the 7th week post-injury in animals lesioned at T4-5 compared to those lesioned at T10-11. rTMS significantly improved locomotor recovery in T10-11-injured rats, but not in rats with a high thoracic injury. In rTMS-treated rats, there was significant positive correlation between final BBB score and grey matter density of serotonergic fibres in the spinal segment just caudal to the lesion. We propose that low thoracic lesions produce a greater functional deficit because they interfere with the locomotor centre and that rTMS is beneficial in such lesions because it activates this central pattern generator, presumably via descending serotonin pathways. The benefits of rTMS shown here suggest strongly that this non-invasive intervention strategy merits consideration for clinical trials in human paraplegics with low spinal cord lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Poirrier
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Yves Nyssen
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Felix Scholtes
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Multon
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Charline Rinkin
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Weber
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Delphine Bouhy
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Gary Brook
- Department of Neurology, Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Schoenen
- Research Centre for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Liege, Belgium
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Craviso GL, Chatterjee I, Publicover NG. Catecholamine release from cultured bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in the presence of 60-Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectrochemistry 2003; 59:57-64. [PMID: 12699820 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(03)00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of powerline frequency (50/60 Hz) electric and magnetic fields on the central nervous system may involve altered neurotransmitter release. This possibility was addressed by determining whether 60-Hz linearly polarized sinusoidal magnetic fields (MFs) alter the release of catecholamines from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, a well-characterized model of neural-type cells. Dishes of cells were placed in the center of each of two four-coil Merritt exposure systems that were enclosed within mu-metal chambers in matched incubators for simultaneous sham and MF exposure. Following 15-min MF exposure of the cells to flux densities of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 2 mT, norepinephrine and epinephrine release were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrochemical detection. No significant differences in the release of either norepinephrine or epinephrine were detected between sham-exposed cells and cells exposed to MFs in either the absence or presence of Bay K-8644 (2 microM) or dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 10 microM). Consistent with these null findings is the lack of effect of MF exposure on calcium influx. We conclude that catecholamine release from chromaffin cells is not sensitive to 60-Hz MFs at magnetic flux densities in the 0.01-2 mT range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gale L Craviso
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0270, USA.
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Verdugo-Díiaz L, Olivares-Bañnuelos T, Navarro L, Drucker-Colíin R. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field stimulation on cultured chromaffin cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 971:266-8. [PMID: 12438130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is predominantly a paediatric neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system. Despite the aggressive nature of the disease, spontaneous regression is frequently observed in infants diagnosed under the age of 12 months; especially with a specific stage referred to as stage 4s. Discovering the conditions, the elements, the mechanism and the indices behind this regression phenomenon could have therapeutic potential for prevention and cure. A review of the literature has implicated adrenocorticotropin hormone in both the aetiology and spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma. Manipulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone may offer hope for prevention and cure. Ingestible products such as retinoic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, salsolinol and ketoconazole acting in concert, could represent instrumental tools in a therapeutic manipulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme R Tucker
- The Lighthouse Laboratories, 8 Painter Crescent, Mundaring, Western Australia 6073, Australia.
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21
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Anaya-Martínez V, Montiel-Flores E, Espinosa-Villanueva J, García-Hernández F. Effects of graft placement site on the survival of adrenal medulla transplants into the brain and its relation with the recovery of motor function. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:551-7. [PMID: 11257320 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their lack of long-term viability, adrenal tissue transplants have shown limited success in alleviating the motor disturbances associated with experimental and pathologic striatal dopamine denervation. In this study, we examined how the graft placement site influences adrenal medulla transplant survival and its relation with the reduction of motor deficits in rats bearing unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. METHODS One or 5 microL of fetal adrenal medullar tissue was grafted either inside the striatal parenchyma or into the lateral ventricle in contact with the dopamine-denervated striatum. Motor disturbances, as assessed by apomorphine-induced rotation, were correlated to the graft morphologic survival features. RESULTS Apomorphine-induced rotation showed a marginal reduction of 11% in all groups independently of graft survival features or placement site. Intrastriatal transplants showed limited viability characterized by a substantial loss of graft initial volume as well as fewer and smaller chromaffin cells compared to ventricular grafts, which had a reduced loss of graft initial volume and more and larger chromaffin cells. CONCLUSIONS Although the lateral ventricle may favor adrenal medulla transplant viability, their induced motor outcome is comparable to that induced by less viable intrastriatal grafts, suggesting that the implanted dopamine-producing cells may interact and influence striatal neurons better when placed in close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anaya-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuromorfología, Departamento de Neurociencias, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales (ENEP) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Drucker-Colín R, Verdugo-Díaz L, Morgado-Valle C, Solís-Maldonado G, Ondarza R, Boll C, Miranda G, Wang GJ, Volkow N. Transplant of cultured neuron-like differentiated chromaffin cells in a Parkinson's disease patient. A preliminary report. Arch Med Res 1999; 30:33-9. [PMID: 10071423 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-0128(98)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been attempted by others by transplanting either the patient's own adrenal medullary tissue or fetal substantia nigra into caudate or putamen areas. However, the difficulties inherent in using the patient's own adrenal gland, or the difficulty in obtaining human fetal tissue, has generated the need to find alternative methods. METHODS We report here of an alternative to both procedures by using as transplant material cultured human adrenal chromaffin cells differentiated into neuron-like cells by extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF). RESULTS The results of this study show that human differentiated chromaffin cells can be grafted into the caudate nucleus of a PD patient, generating substantial clinical improvement, as measured by the Unified Rating Scale for PD, which correlated with glucose metabolism and D2 DA receptor increases as seen in a PET scan, while allowing a 70% decrease in L-Dopa medication. DISCUSSION This is the first preliminary report showing that transplants of cultured differentiated neuron-like cells can be successfully used to treat a PD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drucker-Colín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F.
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23
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Differentiation of chromaffin cells by extremely low frequency magnetic fields changes ratios of catecholamine type messenger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Martinez-García M, Mendoza D, Drucker-Colín R. Effects of Short-Term and Subchronical Application of Fullerene C60Compound on Guinea Pig Isolated Myocyte Electrical Activity and Rat Chromaffin Cell Differentiation and Proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229809350242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Zhang L, Zhou L, Vega-González A, Mendoza D, Drucker-Colín R. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields promote neurite varicosity formation and cell excitability in cultured rat chromaffin cells. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART C, PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY 1997; 118:295-9. [PMID: 9467881 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(97)00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 60 Hz, 10 Grms) to stimulate cultured chromaffin cells to determine the possible changes that may occur in their electrical properties. The results showed that ELF-MF not only facilitated neurite outgrowth, but also formation of neurite varicosity with high concentration of catecholamines. This report also shows for the first time that a greater number of cultured chromaffin cells differentiated by ELF-MF have spontaneous extracellular electrical activity and that their firing frequency is higher than that seen in non-stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Depto. de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F
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26
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Mendoza-Ramírez JL, Beltrán-Parrazal L, Verdugo-Díaz L, Morgado-Valle C, Drucker-Colín R. Delay in manifestations of aging by grafting NGF cultured chromaffin cells in adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 1995; 16:907-16. [PMID: 8622781 DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(95)02008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists or grafts compensate impaired motor functions in aged rats. However, there is no evidence showing whether grafting in adulthood retard aging manifestations. Motor performance of 13-month-old rats was tested on 2 meter-long wooden beams which had a 15 degree inclination and whose thickness varied from 3, 6, 12, 18, to 24 mm. Rats at 14 months were randomly assigned to 3 groups: sham graft (Group 1); intrastriatal graft of chromaffin cells cultured with NGF (Group 2); intrastriatal graft of chromaffin cells (Group 3). Motor performance was tested at monthly intervals up until rats were 26 months old. Two more groups were included: 26-month-old naive rats (Group 4); and 3- to 5-month-old naive rats (Group 5) both evaluated only once. At 26 months, the basal activity of ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons was recorded. Results showed in Group 2 delay of motor detriments seen in aged rats, maintenance of basal firing rates of nigral cells compared to those of younger rats, and greater survival of substantia nigra cells. It is suggested that NGF cultured chromaffin cells produce a delay of motor detriments in aged rats, as a result of inducing survival and firing rates of nigral cells comparable to those seen in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mendoza-Ramírez
- Depto. de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. México
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Verdugo-Díaz L, Méndez M, Corkidi G, Drucker-Colín R. Phenotypic changes induced by replating of early post-natal rat chromaffin cells. Neurosci Lett 1995; 183:167-70. [PMID: 7739786 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)11142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal chromaffin cells from rat adrenal medulla in culture respond to NGF by expressing neuronal traits. The replating of chromaffin cells after trypsinization produced neurite growth in a manner similar to that of NGF. The combination of replating and NGF exposure did not induce phenotypic changes over and above those observed by NGF alone. The morphological changes are independent of the preliminary culture conditions. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that simple replating of young chromaffin cells can induce neuronal traits indistinguishable from those observed with NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verdugo-Díaz
- Depto. de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F
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