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Cornelius J, Haak S, Rothkegel M, Korte M, Michaelsen-Preusse K. Phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein profilin2a at S137 modulates bidirectional structural plasticity at dendritic spines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1107380. [PMID: 36875774 PMCID: PMC9975505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Synaptic plasticity requires constant adaptation of functional and structural features at individual synaptic connections. Rapid re-modulation of the synaptic actin cytoskeleton provides the scaffold orchestrating both morphological and functional modifications. A major regulator of actin polymerization not only in neurons but also in various other cell types is the actin-binding protein profilin. While profilin is known to mediate the ADP to ATP exchange at actin monomers through its direct interaction with G-actin, it additionally is able to influence actin dynamics by binding to membrane-bound phospholipids as phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) as well as several other proteins containing poly-L-proline motifs including actin modulators like Ena/VASP, WAVE/WASP or formins. Notably, these interactions are proposed to be mediated by a fine-tuned regulation of post-translational phosphorylation of profilin. However, while phosphorylation sites of the ubiquitously expressed isoform profilin1 have been described and analyzed previously, there is still only little known about the phosphorylation of the profilin2a isoform predominantly expressed in neurons. Methods: Here, utilizing a knock-down/knock-in approach, we replaced endogenously expressed profilin2a by (de)phospho-mutants of S137 known to alter actin-, PIP2 and PLP-binding properties of profilin2a and analyzed their effect on general actin dynamics as well as activity-dependent structural plasticity. Results and Discussion: Our findings suggest that a precisely timed regulation of profilin2a phosphorylation at S137 is needed to mediate actin dynamics and structural plasticity bidirectionally during long-term potentiation and long-term depression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cornelius
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Haak
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Rothkegel
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
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Adami R, Bottai D. NSC Physiological Features in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: SMN Deficiency Effects on Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315209. [PMID: 36499528 PMCID: PMC9736802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency have recently approved new drugs to treat spinal muscular atrophy 1 (SMA1) in young patients, they are mostly ineffective in older patients since many motor neurons have already been lost. Therefore, understanding nervous system (NS) physiology in SMA patients is essential. Consequently, studying neural stem cells (NSCs) from SMA patients is of significant interest in searching for new treatment targets that will enable researchers to identify new pharmacological approaches. However, studying NSCs in these patients is challenging since their isolation damages the NS, making it impossible with living patients. Nevertheless, it is possible to study NSCs from animal models or create them by differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells obtained from SMA patient peripheral tissues. On the other hand, therapeutic interventions such as NSCs transplantation could ameliorate SMA condition. This review summarizes current knowledge on the physiological properties of NSCs from animals and human cellular models with an SMA background converging on the molecular and neuronal circuit formation alterations of SMA fetuses and is not focused on the treatment of SMA. By understanding how SMA alters NSC physiology, we can identify new and promising interventions that could help support affected patients.
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Actin-Binding Proteins in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223566. [PMID: 36428995 PMCID: PMC9688942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart reacts to a large number of pathological stimuli through cardiac hypertrophy, which finally can lead to heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. Actin participates in the formation of highly differentiated myofibrils under the regulation of actin-binding proteins (ABPs), which provides a structural basis for the contractile function and morphological change in cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have shown that the functional abnormality of ABPs can contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the function of various actin-binding proteins associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which provides more references for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
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Son H, Jung YJ, Park SC, Kim IR, Park JH, Jang MK, Lee JR. Functional Characterization of an Arabidopsis Profilin Protein as a Molecular Chaperone under Heat Shock Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185771. [PMID: 36144503 PMCID: PMC9504416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins (PFNs) are actin monomer-binding proteins that function as antimicrobial agents in plant phloem sap. Although the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana profilin protein isoforms (AtPFNs) in regulating actin polymerization have already been described, their biochemical and molecular functions remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, a previous study indicated that AtPFN2 with high molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed lower antifungal activity than AtPFN1 with low molecular weight (LMW). These were bacterially expressed and purified to characterize the unknown functions of AtPFNs with different structures. In this study, we found that AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins have LMW and HMW structures, respectively, but only AtPFN2 has a potential function as a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported elsewhere. AtPFN2 has better protein stability than AtPFN1 due to its higher molecular weight under heat shock conditions. The function of AtPFN2 as a holdase chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the chaperone function of AtPFN1 was not observed in the LMW forms. These results suggest that AtPFN2 plays a critical role in plant tolerance by increasing hydrophobicity due to external heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Son
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 38286, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
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Quirk S, Lieberman RL. Structure and activity of a thermally stable mutant of Acanthamoeba actophorin. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:150-160. [PMID: 35400667 PMCID: PMC8996146 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actophorin, which was recently tested for crystallization under microgravity on the International Space Station, was subjected to mutagenesis to identify a construct with improved biophysical properties that were expected to improve the extent of diffraction. First, 20 mutations, including one C-terminal deletion of three residues, were introduced individually into actophorin, resulting in modest increases in thermal stability of between +0.5°C and +2.2°C. All but two of the stabilizing mutants increased both the rates of severing F-actin filaments and of spontaneous polymerization of pyrenyl G-actin in vitro. When the individual mutations were combined into a single actophorin variant, Acto-2, the overall thermal stability was 22°C higher than that of wild-type actophorin. When an inactivating S2P mutation in Acto-2 was restored, Acto-2/P2S was more stable by 20°C but was notably more active than the wild-type protein. The inactivating S2P mutation reaffirms the importance that Ser2 plays in the F-actin-severing reaction. The crystal structure of Acto-2 was solved to 1.7 Å resolution in a monoclinic space group, a first for actophorin. Surprisingly, despite the increase in thermal stability, the extended β-turn region, which is intimately involved in interactions with F-actin, is disordered in one copy of Acto-2 in the asymmetric unit. These observations emphasize the complex interplay among protein thermal stability, function and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quirk
- Kimberly Clark, 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road, Roswell, GA 30076, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Nekouei M, Aliahmadi A, Kiaei M, Ghassempour AR. Mutant Profilin1 Aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An in Vivo Biochemical Analysis. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:213-222. [PMID: 34925718 PMCID: PMC8672666 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.1631.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Profilin1 (PFN1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein known for its function as a regulator of actin polymerization and dynamics. A recent discovery linked mutant PFN1 to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which is a fatal and progressive motor neuron disease. We have also demonstrated that Gly118Val mutation in PFN1 is a cause of ALS, and the formation of aggregates containing mutant PFN1 may be a mechanism for motor neuron death. Hence, we were interested in investigating the aggregation of PFN1 further and searching for co-aggregated proteins in our mouse model overexpressing mutant PFN1. Methods We investigated protein aggregation in several tissues of transgenic and notransgenic mice using western blotting. To further understand the neurotoxicity of mutant PFN1, we conducted a pull-down assay using an insoluble fraction of spinal cord lysates from hPFN1G118V transgenic mice. For this assay, we expressed His6-tagged PFN1WT and PFN1G118V in E. coli and purified these proteins using the Ni-NTA column. Results In this study, we demonstrated that mutant PFN1 forms aggregate in the brain and spinal cord of hPFN1G118V mice, while WT-PFN1 remains soluble. Among these tissues, spinal cord lysates were found to have PFN1 bands at higher molecular weights recognized with anti-PFN1. Moreover, the pull-down assay using His6-PFN1G118V showed that Myelin Binding Protein (MBP) was present in the insoluble fraction. Conclusion Our analysis of PFN1 aggregation in vivo revealed further details of mutant PFN1 aggregation and its possible complex formation with other proteins, providing new insights into the ALS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nekouei
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Kiaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Di Domenico M, Jokwitz M, Witke W, Pilo Boyl P. Specificity and Redundancy of Profilin 1 and 2 Function in Brain Development and Neuronal Structure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092310. [PMID: 34571959 PMCID: PMC8467068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin functions have been discussed in numerous cellular processes, including actin polymerization. One puzzling aspect is the concomitant expression of more than one profilin isoform in most tissues. In neuronal precursors and in neurons, profilin 1 and profilin 2 are co-expressed, but their specific and redundant functions in brain morphogenesis are still unclear. Using a conditional knockout mouse model to inactivate both profilins in the developing CNS, we found that threshold levels of profilin are necessary for the maintenance of the neuronal stem-cell compartment and the generation of the differentiated neurons, irrespective of the specific isoform. During embryonic development, profilin 1 is more abundant than profilin 2; consequently, modulation of profilin 1 levels resulted in a more severe phenotype than depletion of profilin 2. Interestingly, the relevance of the isoforms was reversed in the postnatal brain. Morphology of mature neurons showed a stronger dependence on profilin 2, since this is the predominant isoform in neurons. Our data highlight redundant functions of profilins in neuronal precursor expansion and differentiation, as well as in the maintenance of pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization. The specific profilin isoform is less relevant; however, a threshold profilin level is essential. We propose that the common activity of profilin 1 and profilin 2 in actin dynamics is responsible for the observed compensatory effects.
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Wang F, Zhu C, Cai S, Boudreau A, Kim SJ, Bissell M, Shao J. Ser 71 Phosphorylation Inhibits Actin-Binding of Profilin-1 and Its Apoptosis-Sensitizing Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692269. [PMID: 34235154 PMCID: PMC8255618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential actin-binding factor profilin-1 (Pfn1) is a non-classical tumor suppressor with the abilities toboth inhibit cellular proliferation and augment chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Besides actin, Pfn1 interacts with proteins harboring the poly-L-proline (PLP) motifs. Our recent work demonstrated that both nuclear localization and PLP-binding are required for tumor growth inhibition by Pfn1, and this is at least partially due to Pfn1 association with the PLP-containing ENL protein in the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) and the transcriptional inhibition of pro-cancer genes. In this paper, by identifying a phosphorylation event of Pfn1 at Ser71 capable of inhibiting its actin-binding and nuclear export, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that chemotherapy-induced apoptotic sensitization by Pfn1 requires its cytoplasmic localization and actin-binding. With regard to tumor growth inhibition byPfn1, our data indicate a requirement for dynamic actin association and dissociation rendered by reversible Ser71phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological experiments showed that Ser71 of Pfn1 can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into the multifaceted anticancer activities of Pfn1 and how they are spatially-defined in the cell and differentially regulated by ligand-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Wang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuige Zhu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Boudreau
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mina Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jieya Shao
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Zhu C, Kim SJ, Mooradian A, Wang F, Li Z, Holohan S, Collins PL, Wang K, Guo Z, Hoog J, Ma CX, Oltz EM, Held JM, Shao J. Cancer-associated exportin-6 upregulation inhibits the transcriptionally repressive and anticancer effects of nuclear profilin-1. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108749. [PMID: 33596420 PMCID: PMC8006859 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of nuclear transporters and deregulated subcellular localization of their cargo proteins are emerging as drivers and therapeutic targets of cancer. Here, we present evidence that the nuclear exporter exportin-6 and its cargo profilin-1 constitute a functionally important and frequently deregulated axis in cancer. Exportin-6 upregulation occurs in numerous cancer types and is associated with poor patient survival. Reducing exportin-6 level in breast cancer cells triggers antitumor effects by accumulating nuclear profilin-1. Mechanistically, nuclear profilin-1 interacts with eleven-nineteen-leukemia protein (ENL) within the super elongation complex (SEC) and inhibits the ability of the SEC to drive transcription of numerous pro-cancer genes including MYC. XPO6 and MYC are positively correlated across diverse cancer types including breast cancer. Therapeutically, exportin-6 loss sensitizes breast cancer cells to the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor JQ1. Thus, exportin-6 upregulation is a previously unrecognized cancer driver event by spatially inhibiting nuclear profilin-1 as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuige Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arshag Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Faliang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sean Holohan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Keren Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhanfang Guo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeremy Hoog
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia X Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason M Held
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jieya Shao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Pinto-Costa R, Sousa SC, Leite SC, Nogueira-Rodrigues J, Ferreira da Silva T, Machado D, Marques J, Costa AC, Liz MA, Bartolini F, Brites P, Costell M, Fässler R, Sousa MM. Profilin 1 delivery tunes cytoskeletal dynamics toward CNS axon regeneration. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2024-2040. [PMID: 31945017 DOI: 10.1172/jci125771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After trauma, regeneration of adult CNS axons is abortive, causing devastating neurologic deficits. Despite progress in rehabilitative care, there is no effective treatment that stimulates axonal growth following injury. Using models with different regenerative capacities, followed by gain- and loss-of-function analysis, we identified profilin 1 (Pfn1) as a coordinator of actin and microtubules (MTs), powering axonal growth and regeneration. In growth cones, Pfn1 increased actin retrograde flow, MT growth speed, and invasion of filopodia by MTs, orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics toward axonal growth. In vitro, active Pfn1 promoted MT growth in a formin-dependent manner, whereas localization of MTs to growth cone filopodia was facilitated by direct MT binding and interaction with formins. In vivo, Pfn1 ablation limited regeneration of growth-competent axons after sciatic nerve and spinal cord injury. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) delivery of constitutively active Pfn1 to rodents promoted axonal regeneration, neuromuscular junction maturation, and functional recovery of injured sciatic nerves, and increased the ability of regenerating axons to penetrate the inhibitory spinal cord glial scar. Thus, we identify Pfn1 as an important regulator of axonal regeneration and suggest that AAV-mediated delivery of constitutively active Pfn1, together with the identification of modulators of Pfn1 activity, should be considered to treat the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinto-Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio C Leite
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
| | - Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira da Silva
- NeuroLipid Biology Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
| | - Joana Marques
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
| | - Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pedro Brites
- NeuroLipid Biology Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Estructura de Reserca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Plank Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Program in Neurobiology and Neurologic Disorders, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, and
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11
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Cao Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Hu C, Sun L, Wang J, Li C, Guo M, Liu X, Lv J, Huo X, Yue J, Du X, Chen Z. Profilin 2 promotes growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of small cell lung cancer through cancer-derived exosomes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25981-25999. [PMID: 33234737 PMCID: PMC7803489 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive and prone to hypervascular metastases. Recently, we found profilin 2 (PFN2) expression in SCLC but not in normal tissues. Furthermore, PFN2 expression had been shown to promote angiogenesis through exosomes. However, it remains unclear whether PFN2 contributes to the progression and metastasis of SCLC through angiogenesis. We report here that overexpression (OE) of PFN2 increased, whereas its knockdown (KD) decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCLC cell H446. The exosomes from OE-H446 (SCLC-OE-exo) exhibited similar effects on H446 properties. Culturing of endothelial cells (ECs) in SCLC-OE conditioned medium (CM) or SCLC-OE-exo increased the migration and tube formation ability of ECs, whereas SCLC-KD-CM and SCLC-KD-exo had inhibitory effects. Interestingly, both SCLC- and EC-derived exosomes were internalized in H446 more rapidly than in ECs. More importantly, OE-PFN2 dramatically elevated SCLC growth and vasculature formation as well as lung metastasis in tumor xenograft models. Finally, we found that PFN2 activated Smad2/3 in H446 and pERK in ECs, respectively. Taken together, our study revealed the role of PFN2 in SCLC development and metastasis, as well as tumor angiogenesis through exosomes, providing a new molecular target for SCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Caijiao Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Chest Hospital, Shandong 250020, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junming Yue
- Center for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
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12
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Nejedlá M, Klebanovych A, Sulimenko V, Sulimenko T, Dráberová E, Dráber P, Karlsson R. The actin regulator profilin 1 is functionally associated with the mammalian centrosome. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/1/e202000655. [PMID: 33184056 PMCID: PMC7668531 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin regulator profilin 1 recently shown to control microtubule elongation at the cell periphery is found to interact with the γ-tubulin ring complex and tune centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Profilin 1 is a crucial actin regulator, interacting with monomeric actin and several actin-binding proteins controlling actin polymerization. Recently, it has become evident that this profilin isoform associates with microtubules via formins and interferes with microtubule elongation at the cell periphery. Recruitment of microtubule-associated profilin upon extensive actin polymerizations, for example, at the cell edge, enhances microtubule growth, indicating that profilin contributes to the coordination of actin and microtubule organization. Here, we provide further evidence for the profilin-microtubule connection by demonstrating that it also functions in centrosomes where it impacts on microtubule nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nejedlá
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasiya Klebanovych
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vadym Sulimenko
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tetyana Sulimenko
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Gupta CM, Ambaru B, Bajaj R. Emerging Functions of Actins and Actin Binding Proteins in Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587685. [PMID: 33163497 PMCID: PMC7581878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is the major protein constituent of the cytoskeleton that performs wide range of cellular functions. It exists in monomeric and filamentous forms, dynamics of which is regulated by a large repertoire of actin binding proteins. However, not much was known about existence of these proteins in trypanosomatids, till the genome sequence data of three important organisms of this class, viz. Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major, became available. Here, we have reviewed most of the findings reported to date on the intracellular distribution, structure and functions of these proteins and based on them, we have hypothesized some of their functions. The major findings are as follows: (1) All the three organisms encode at least a set of ten actin binding proteins (profilin, twinfilin, ADF/cofilin, CAP/srv2, CAPz, coronin, two myosins, two formins) and one isoform of actin, except that T. cruzi encodes for three formins and several myosins along with four actins. (2) Actin 1 and a few actin binding proteins (ADF/cofilin, profilin, twinfilin, coronin and myosin13 in L. donovani; ADF/cofilin, profilin and myosin1 in T. brucei; profilin and myosin-F in T.cruzi) have been identified and characterized. (3) In all the three organisms, actin cytoskeleton has been shown to regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. (4) Leishmania actin1 has been the most characterized protein among trypanosomatid actins. (5) This protein is localized to the cytoplasm as well as in the flagellum, nucleus and kinetoplast, and in vitro, it binds to DNA and displays scDNA relaxing and kDNA nicking activities. (6) The pure protein prefers to form bundles instead of thin filaments, and does not bind DNase1 or phalloidin. (7) Myosin13, myosin1 and myosin-F regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, respectively, in Leishmania, T. brucei and T. cruzi. (8) Actin-dependent myosin13 motor is involved in dynamics and assembly of Leishmania flagellum. (9) Leishmania twinfilin localizes mostly to the nucleolus and coordinates karyokinesis by effecting splindle elongation and DNA synthesis. (10) Leishmania coronin binds and promotes actin filament formation and exists in tetrameric form rather than trimeric form, like other coronins. (11) Trypanosomatid profilins are essential for survival of all the three parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhitar M Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu Ambaru
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rani Bajaj
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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14
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Abstract
Profilin is a ubiquitously expressed protein well known as a key regulator of actin polymerisation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in almost all cellular processes including motility, endocytosis, metabolism, signal transduction and gene transcription. Hence, profilin's role in the cell goes beyond its direct and essential function in regulating actin dynamics. This review will focus on the interactions of Profilin 1 and its ligands at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cells and the regulation of profilin activity within those cell compartments. We will discuss the interactions of profilin in cell signalling pathways and highlight the importance of the cell context in the multiple functions that this small essential protein has in conjunction with its role in cytoskeletal organisation and dynamics. We will review some of the mechanisms that control profilin expression and the implications of changed expression of profilin in the light of cancer biology and other pathologies.
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15
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Zhao Y, Zhong R, Deng C, Zhou Z. Circle RNA circABCB10 Modulates PFN2 to Promote Breast Cancer Progression, as Well as Aggravate Radioresistance Through Facilitating Glycolytic Metabolism Via miR-223-3p. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:477-490. [PMID: 32522014 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a common tumor in women worldwide, and irradiation (IR) resistance is a major obstacle for BC therapy. Circle RNAs (circRNAs) were identified as implicated in the progression of cancer and IR resistance. However, the role of circABCB10 in BC progression and IR resistance is not well defined. Materials and Methods: The levels of circABCB10, miR-223-3p, and profilin-2 (PFN2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cell viability and survival rate were monitored by MTT assay. The glucose consumption, lactic acid production, LDH-A activity, and ATP production were evaluated to measure glycolysis. The protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase A chain (LDH-A), and PFN2 were estimated by Western blot assay. The colony formation rate was tested by colony formation assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was constructed to validate the interaction between miR-223-3p and circABCB10 or PFN2. The mice xenograft assay was performed to further verify the effects of circABCB10 on BC progression in vivo. Results: CircABCB10 and PFN2 were elevated, while miR-223-3p was reduced in BC tissues and cells. CircABCB10 sponged miR-223-3p, and PFN2 was a target of miR-223-3p in BC cells. CircABCB10 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, glycolysis, colony formation, and decreased IR resistance in BC cells by modulating miR-223-3p. Meanwhile, circABCB10 depletion restrained xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Also, miR-223-3p overexpression refrained cell proliferation, glycolysis, and colony formation while improving IR sensitivity in BC cells by regulating PFN2. Besides, circABCB10 knockdown declined PFN2 in BC cells via miR-223-3p. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose enhanced IR sensitivity in BC cells via circABCB10. Conclusion: CircABCB10 knockdown contributed to irradiation sensitivity by negatively regulating glycolysis via the miR-223-3p/PFN axis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery I, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine group), Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaoyue Deng
- Department of General Surgery I, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery I, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
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16
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Ambaru B, Gopalsamy A, Tammana TVS, Subramanya HS, Gupta CM. Actin sequestering protein, profilin, regulates intracellular vesicle transport in Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 238:111280. [PMID: 32407750 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Profilins are the key regulators of actin dynamics in all eukaryotic cells. However, little information is available on their biochemical properties and functions in kinetoplastids, such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania. We show here that Leishmania parasites express only one homolog of profilin (LdPfn), which catalyzes nucleotide exchange on G-actin and promotes actin polymerization at its low concentrations. However, at high concentrations, it strongly inhibits the polymerization process by sequestering actin monomers. We further demonstrate that LdPfn binds to actin in Leishmania promastigotes, by both immunofluorescence microscopy and IgG affinity chromatography. Further, we reveal that this protein besides binding to poly-null-proline motifs, also binds more efficiently to PI(3,5)P2, which is found on early or late endosomes or lysosomes, than to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Additionally, we show that heterozygous mutants of profilin display significantly slower growth and intracellular vesicle trafficking activity, which is reversed on episomal gene complementation. Together, these findings suggest that profilin regulates intracellular vesicle trafficking in Leishmania perhaps through its binding to polyphosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Ambaru
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupriya Gopalsamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - T V Satish Tammana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - Hosahalli S Subramanya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - Chhitar M Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India.
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17
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Antoine M, Patrick KL, Soret J, Duc P, Rage F, Cacciottolo R, Nissen KE, Cauchi RJ, Krogan NJ, Guthrie C, Gachet Y, Bordonné R. Splicing Defects of the Profilin Gene Alter Actin Dynamics in an S. pombe SMN Mutant. iScience 2019; 23:100809. [PMID: 31927482 PMCID: PMC6957872 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating motor neuron disorder caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. It remains unclear how SMN deficiency leads to the loss of motor neurons. By screening Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found that the growth defect of an SMN mutant can be alleviated by deletion of the actin-capping protein subunit gene acp1+. We show that SMN mutated cells have splicing defects in the profilin gene, which thus directly hinder actin cytoskeleton homeostasis including endocytosis and cytokinesis. We conclude that deletion of acp1+ in an SMN mutant background compensates for actin cytoskeleton alterations by restoring redistribution of actin monomers between different types of cellular actin networks. Our data reveal a direct correlation between an impaired function of SMN in snRNP assembly and defects in actin dynamics. They also point to important common features in the pathogenic mechanism of SMA and ALS. Splicing defects in the profilin gene in an S. pombe SMN mutant SMN mutant contains excessively polymerized actin Altered actin dynamics in the SMN mutant hinders endocytosis and cytokinesis Deletion of the acp1 subunit restores actin dynamics in the SMN mutant
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Antoine
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Johann Soret
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Duc
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Rage
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rebecca Cacciottolo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Ruben J Cauchi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Yannick Gachet
- Centre de Biologie Integrative, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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18
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Pinto-Costa R, Sousa MM. Profilin as a dual regulator of actin and microtubule dynamics. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 77:76-83. [PMID: 31811707 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although originally identified as G-actin sequestering proteins, profilins are emerging as critical regulators of actin dynamics, capable of interacting with multiple acting binding proteins, and being able to link membrane lipids to cytoskeleton components. Recently, in addition to its actin, poly-proline, and phosphatidylinositol binding domains, profilin has been shown to contain residues specialized in microtubule binding. Here we will discuss in a critical perspective the emerging body of data supporting that profilins are central mediators of actin microfilament and microtubule interaction. We will also address the unanswered questions in the field, including the nature of the interaction of profilin with microtubules, and its effect on microtubule dynamics. These recent discoveries deepen our understanding on how different cytoskeleton components are integrated within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinto-Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC and Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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PFN2a Suppresses C2C12 Myogenic Development by Inhibiting Proliferation and Promoting Apoptosis via the p53 Pathway. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090959. [PMID: 31450751 PMCID: PMC6770762 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in physical activity and in regulating body energy and protein balance. Myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are indispensable processes for myoblast myogenesis. Profilin 2a (PFN2a) is a ubiquitous actin monomer-binding protein and promotes lung cancer growth and metastasis through suppressing the nuclear localization of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). However, how PFN2a regulates myoblast myogenic development is still not clear. We constructed a C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line overexpressing PFN2a. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to study the function of PFN2a in C2C12 myogenic development. We find that PFN2a suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis and consequentially downregulates C2C12 myogenic development. The suppression of PFN2a also decreases the amount of HDAC1 in the nucleus and increases the protein level of p53 during C2C12 myogenic development. Therefore, we propose that PFN2a suppresses C2C12 myogenic development via the p53 pathway. Si-p53 (siRNA-p53) reverses the PFN2a inhibitory effect on C2C12 proliferation and the PFN2a promotion effect on C2C12 apoptosis, and then attenuates the suppression of PFN2a on myogenic differentiation. Our results expand understanding of PFN2a regulatory mechanisms in myogenic development and suggest potential therapeutic targets for muscle atrophy-related diseases.
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20
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Kounakis K, Tavernarakis N. The Cytoskeleton as a Modulator of Aging and Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:227-245. [PMID: 31493230 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton consists of filamentous protein polymers that form organized structures, contributing to a multitude of cell life aspects. It includes three types of polymers: the actin microfilaments, the microtubules and the intermediate filaments. Decades of research have implicated the cytoskeleton in processes that regulate cellular and organismal aging, as well as neurodegeneration associated with injury or neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Charcot Marie Tooth disease. Here, we provide a brief overview of cytoskeletal structure and function, and discuss experimental evidence linking cytoskeletal function and dynamics with aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kounakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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21
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Schiweck J, Eickholt BJ, Murk K. Important Shapeshifter: Mechanisms Allowing Astrocytes to Respond to the Changing Nervous System During Development, Injury and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:261. [PMID: 30186118 PMCID: PMC6111612 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most prevalent glial cells in the brain. Historically considered as “merely supporting” neurons, recent research has shown that astrocytes actively participate in a large variety of central nervous system (CNS) functions including synaptogenesis, neuronal transmission and synaptic plasticity. During disease and injury, astrocytes efficiently protect neurons by various means, notably by sealing them off from neurotoxic factors and repairing the blood-brain barrier. Their ramified morphology allows them to perform diverse tasks by interacting with synapses, blood vessels and other glial cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of how astrocytes acquire their complex morphology during development. We then move from the developing to the mature brain, and review current research on perisynaptic astrocytic processes, with a particular focus on how astrocytes engage synapses and modulate their formation and activity. Comprehensive changes have been reported in astrocyte cell shape in many CNS pathologies. Factors influencing these morphological changes are summarized in the context of brain pathologies, such as traumatic injury and degenerative conditions. We provide insight into the molecular, cellular and cytoskeletal machinery behind these shape changes which drive the dynamic remodeling in astrocyte morphology during injury and the development of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schiweck
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Murk
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Park SC, Kim IR, Kim JY, Lee Y, Kim EJ, Jung JH, Jung YJ, Jang MK, Lee JR. Molecular mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana profilins as antifungal proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2545-2554. [PMID: 30056100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains an open question whether plant phloem sap proteins are functionally involved in plant defense mechanisms. METHODS The antifungal effects of two profilin proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, were tested against 11 molds and 4 yeast fungal strains. Fluorescence profiling, biophysical, and biochemical analyses were employed to investigate their antifungal mechanism. RESULTS Recombinant AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, inhibited the cell growth of various pathogenic fungal strains at concentrations ranging from 10 to 160 μg/mL. The proteins showed significant intracellular accumulation and cell-binding affinity for fungal cells. Interestingly, the AtPFN proteins could penetrate the fungal cell wall and membrane and act as inhibitors of fungal growth via generation of cellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This triggered the AtPFN variant-induced cell apoptosis, resulting in morphological changes in the cells. CONCLUSION PFNs may play a critical role as antifungal proteins in the Arabidopsis defense system against fungal pathogen attacks. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study indicates that two profilin proteins, AtPFN1 and AtPFN2, can act as natural antimicrobial agents in the plant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Goseong Agricultural Development/Technology Center, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do 52930, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Shi C, Jin F, Li W. Profilin 1 induces drug resistance through Beclin1 complex-mediated autophagy in multiple myeloma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2706-2716. [PMID: 29945297 PMCID: PMC6125445 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in multiple myeloma (MM) for homeostasis, survival and drug resistance, but which genes participate in this process is unclear. We identified several cytoskeleton genes upregulated in MM patients by gene expression profiling (GEP) datasets; in particular, patients with high profilin 1 (PFN1) expression had poor prognosis in MM. In vitro, overexpressed PFN1 promotes proliferation and bortezomib (BTZ) resistance in MM cells. Further study indicated overexpression of PFN1 significantly promoted the process of autophagy and induced BTZ resistance in MM. Otherwise, knockdown of PFN1 blocked autophagy and sensitized MM to BTZ. Co‐immunoprecipitation in MM cells indicated that PFN1 could bind Beclin1 complex and promote the initiation of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by blocking the formation of Beclin1 complex could reverse the phenotype of BTZ resistance in MM. Our findings suggested that PFN1 could promote autophagy through taking part in Beclin1 complex and contribute to BTZ resistance, which may become a novel molecular target in the therapy of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Lu
- Cancer Center, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), National Key Clinical Specialty, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - He Xu
- Cancer Center, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Cancer Center, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Cancer Center, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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24
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Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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Zhang H, Yang W, Yan J, Zhou K, Wan B, Shi P, Chen Y, He S, Li D. Loss of profilin 2 contributes to enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1118-1128. [PMID: 30015842 PMCID: PMC6065425 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 2 (PFN2) functions as an actin cytoskeleton regulator and serves an important role in cell motility. However, a role for PFN2 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly in metastasis, has yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PFN2 served specific roles in the progression of human CRC. The results demonstrated that PFN2 was differentially expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. PFN2 expression was also negatively associated with the degree of tumor metastasis. Low PFN2 expression in CRC cells was related with enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, in turn, may increase migratory capabilities. Overexpression of PFN2 in CRC cell lines with a low level of endogenous PFN2 inhibited the EMT process, as well as the associated migration; in addition, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation was upregulated. Inhibition of MLC phosphorylation attenuated the inhibition of EMT and cell migratory abilities induced by PFN2 overexpression in CRC cell lines, the results suggested that PFN2 may suppress cancer EMT and the subsequent metastasis by regulating cytoskeletal reorganization. These results demonstrated that PFN2 may serve a suppressive role in the metastasis of CRC and therefore may provide a new potential target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Kaiping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Peidong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yueyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Leelarasamee N, Zhang L, Gleason C. The root-knot nematode effector MiPFN3 disrupts plant actin filaments and promotes parasitism. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006947. [PMID: 29543900 PMCID: PMC5871015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors that manipulate their host plant cells so that the nematode can successfully establish feeding sites and complete its lifecycle. The root-knot nematode feeding structures, their “giant cells,” undergo extensive cytoskeletal remodeling. Previous cytological studies have shown the cytoplasmic actin within the feeding sites looks diffuse. In an effort to study root-knot nematode effectors that are involved in giant cell organogenesis, we have identified a nematode effector called MiPFN3 (Meloidogyne incognita Profilin 3). MiPFN3 is transcriptionally up-regulated in the juvenile stage of the nematode. In situ hybridization experiments showed that MiPFN3 transcribed in the nematode subventral glands, where it can be secreted by the nematode stylet into the plant. Moreover, Arabidopsis plants that heterologously expressed MiPFN3 were more susceptible to root-knot nematodes, indicating that MiPFN3 promotes nematode parasitism. Since profilin proteins can bind and sequester actin monomers, we investigated the function of MiPFN3 in relation to actin. Our results show that MiPFN3 suppressed the aberrant plant growth phenotype caused by the misexpression of reproductive actin (AtACT1) in transgenic plants. In addition, it disrupted actin polymerization in an in vitro assay, and it reduced the filamentous actin network when expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Over a decade ago, cytological studies showed that the cytoplasmic actin within nematode giant cells looked fragmented. Here we provide the first evidence that the nematode is secreting an effector that has significant, direct effects on the plant’s actin cytoskeleton. Root-knot nematodes are microscopic plant pests that infect plant roots and significantly reduce yields of many crop plants. The nematodes enter the plant roots and modify plant cells into complex, multinuclear feeding sites called giant cells. The formation and maintenance of giant cells is critical to nematode survival. During giant cell organogenesis, the progenitor plant cells undergo many morphological changes, including a re-organization of the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton. As a result, the giant cell cytoplasmic actin appears fragmented and disorganized. Plant cells can regulate their actin filament assembly, in part, through the expression of actin binding proteins such as profilins. Here we show that infectious nematode juveniles express a profilin called MiPFN3. Expression of MiPFN3 in Arabidopsis plants made the plants more susceptible to root-knot nematodes, indicating that MiPFN3 acts as an effector that aids parasitism. We show evidence that the expression MiPFN3 in plant cells causes the fragmentation of plant actin filaments. The work here demonstrates that nematode effector MiPFN3 can directly affect plant actin filaments, whose reorganization is necessary for giant cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthanon Leelarasamee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Posey AE, Ruff KM, Harmon TS, Crick SL, Li A, Diamond MI, Pappu RV. Profilin reduces aggregation and phase separation of huntingtin N-terminal fragments by preferentially binding to soluble monomers and oligomers. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3734-3746. [PMID: 29358329 PMCID: PMC5846159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin N-terminal fragments (Htt-NTFs) with expanded polyglutamine tracts form a range of neurotoxic aggregates that are associated with Huntington's disease. Here, we show that aggregation of Htt-NTFs, irrespective of polyglutamine length, yields at least three phases (designated M, S, and F) that are delineated by sharp concentration thresholds and distinct aggregate sizes and morphologies. We found that monomers and oligomers make up the soluble M phase, ∼25-nm spheres dominate in the soluble S phase, and long, linear fibrils make up the insoluble F phase. Previous studies showed that profilin, an abundant cellular protein, reduces Htt-NTF aggregation and toxicity in cells. We confirm that profilin achieves its cellular effects through direct binding to the C-terminal proline-rich region of Htt-NTFs. We show that profilin preferentially binds to Htt-NTF M-phase species and destabilizes aggregation and phase separation by shifting the concentration boundaries for phase separation to higher values through a process known as polyphasic linkage. Our experiments, aided by coarse-grained computer simulations and theoretical analysis, suggest that preferential binding of profilin to the M-phase species of Htt-NTFs is enhanced through a combination of specific interactions between profilin and polyproline segments and auxiliary interactions between profilin and polyglutamine tracts. Polyphasic linkage may be a general strategy that cells utilize to regulate phase behavior of aggregation-prone proteins. Accordingly, detailed knowledge of phase behavior and an understanding of how ligands modulate phase boundaries may pave the way for developing new therapeutics against a variety of aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon E Posey
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Kiersten M Ruff
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Tyler S Harmon
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Scott L Crick
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Aimin Li
- the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Marc I Diamond
- the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
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28
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Profilin (pfn) isoforms transcriptional and bioinformatic exploration and Mus musculus brain tissues development. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Vesicular transport protein Arf6 modulates cytoskeleton dynamics for polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:455-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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PFN2a, a new partner of RARα in the cytoplasm. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:846-853. [PMID: 29158086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are classically considered as nuclear ligand-dependent regulators of transcription. Here we highlighted a novel face of the RARα subtype: RARα is present in low amounts in the cytoplasm of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) where it interacts with profilin2a (PFN2A), a small actin-binding protein involved in filaments polymerization. The interaction involves the N-terminal proline-rich motif (PRM) of RARα and the SH3-like domain of PFN2a. When increased in the cytoplasm, RARα competes with other PFN2a-binding proteins bearing PRMs and involved in actin filaments elongation. Consequently, the actin filament network is altered and MEFs adhesion is decreased. This novel role opens novel avenues for the understanding of pathologies characterized by increased levels of cytoplasmic RARα.
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Yang D, Liu W, Ma L, Wang Y, Ma J, Jiang M, Deng X, Huang F, Yang T, Chen M. Profilin‑1 contributes to cardiac injury induced by advanced glycation end‑products in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6634-6641. [PMID: 28901418 PMCID: PMC5865800 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury, including hypertrophy and fibrosis, induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has an important function in the onset and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Profilin-1, a ubiquitously expressed and multifunctional actin-binding protein, has been reported to be an important mediator in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, whether profilin-1 is involved in AGE-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis remains to be determined. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the function of profilin-1 in cardiac injury induced by AGEs. The model of cardiac injury was established by chronic tail vein injection of AGEs (50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were randomly assigned to control, AGEs, AGEs + profilin-1 shRNA adenovirus vectors (AGEs + S)or AGEs + control adenovirus vectors (AGEs + V) groups. Profilin-1 shRNA adenovirus vectors were injected via the tail vein to knockdown profilin-1 expression at a dose of 3×109 plaque forming units every 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed to measure cardiac contractile function. Cardiac tissues were stained with Masson's trichrome stain to evaluate ventricular remodeling. The serum levels of procollagen type III N-terminal peptide were detected by ELISA. The expression of profilin-1, receptor for AGEs (RAGE), Rho, p65, atrial natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and/or western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. The results demonstrated that chronic injection of exogenous AGEs led to cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis, as determined by echocardiography, Masson trichrome staining and the expression of associated genes. The expression of profilin-1 was markedly increased in heart tissue at the mRNA and protein level following AGE administration, as determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining. Furthermore, the expression of RAGE, Rho and p65 was also increased at the protein level. Notably, knockdown of profilin-1 expression ameliorated AGE-induced cardiac injury and reduced the expression of RAGE, Rho and p65. These results indicate an important role for profilin-1 in AGE-induced cardiac injury, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with diabetic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Minna Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Hensel N, Claus P. The Actin Cytoskeleton in SMA and ALS: How Does It Contribute to Motoneuron Degeneration? Neuroscientist 2017; 24:54-72. [PMID: 28459188 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417705059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are neurodegenerative diseases with overlapping clinical phenotypes based on impaired motoneuron function. However, the pathomechanisms of both diseases are largely unknown, and it is still unclear whether they converge on the molecular level. SMA is a monogenic disease caused by low levels of functional Survival of Motoneuron (SMN) protein, whereas ALS involves multiple genes as well as environmental factors. Recent evidence argues for involvement of actin regulation as a causative and dysregulated process in both diseases. ALS-causing mutations in the actin-binding protein profilin-1 as well as the ability of the SMN protein to directly bind to profilins argue in favor of a common molecular mechanism involving the actin cytoskeleton. Profilins are major regulat ors of actin-dynamics being involved in multiple neuronal motility and transport processes as well as modulation of synaptic functions that are impaired in models of both motoneuron diseases. In this article, we review the current literature in SMA and ALS research with a focus on the actin cytoskeleton. We propose a common molecular mechanism that explains the degeneration of motoneurons for SMA and some cases of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hensel
- 1 Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Niedersachsen Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- 1 Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 Niedersachsen Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany.,3 Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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Nejedla M, Li Z, Masser AE, Biancospino M, Spiess M, Mackowiak SD, Friedländer MR, Karlsson R. A Fluorophore Fusion Construct of Human Profilin I with Non-Compromised Poly(L-Proline) Binding Capacity Suitable for Imaging. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:964-976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Adami GR, O'Callaghan TN, Kolokythas A, Cabay RJ, Zhou Y, Schwartz JL. A loss of profilin-1 in late-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:489-495. [PMID: 27862305 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes for PFN1 and TMSB4 are both highly expressed in oral tissue and both encode actin monomer binding proteins thought to play a role in cell motility and possibly other crucial parts of tumor progression. METHODS Oral brush cytology of epithelium from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was used to measure PFN1 and TMSB4 mRNA in OSCC, while immunohistochemical analysis of tissue was used to check protein levels. RESULTS High but variable expression of mRNAs encoding these two proteins was observed suggesting they may contribute to tumor characteristics in a subset of OSCCs. Both proteins were highly expressed in normal appearing basal epithelium, in the cytoplasm, and perinuclear area, while expression was minimal in upper epithelial layers. In OSCCs, expression of these proteins varied. In tumors classified as later stage, based on size and/or lymph node involvement, PFN1 levels were lower in tumor epithelium. A control gene, KRT13, showed expression in normal differentiated basal and suprabasal oral mucosa epithelial cells and as reported was lost in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION Loss of PFN1 in tumor cells has been associated with lymph node invasion and metastasis in other tumor types, strengthening the argument that the protein has the potential to be a tumor suppressor in late-stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas N O'Callaghan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antonia Kolokythas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert J Cabay
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel L Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Proteomic profile of the Bradysia odoriphaga in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37730. [PMID: 27883048 PMCID: PMC5121901 DOI: 10.1038/srep37730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole, a microbial secondary metabolite, has been demonstrated to possess fumigant activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Ditylenchus destructor and Bradysia odoriphaga. However, to facilitate the development of novel microbial pesticides, the mode of action of benzothiazole needs to be elucidated. Here, we employed iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the effects of benzothiazole on the proteomic expression of B. odoriphaga. In response to benzothiazole, 92 of 863 identified proteins in B. odoriphaga exhibited altered levels of expression, among which 14 proteins were related to the action mechanism of benzothiazole, 11 proteins were involved in stress responses, and 67 proteins were associated with the adaptation of B. odoriphaga to benzothiazole. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that the reduction in energy metabolism, inhibition of the detoxification process and interference with DNA and RNA synthesis were potentially associated with the mode of action of benzothiazole. The myosin heavy chain, succinyl-CoA synthetase and Ca+-transporting ATPase proteins may be related to the stress response. Increased expression of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy production and conversion pathways was responsible for the adaptive response of B. odoriphaga. The results of this study provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of benzothiazole at a large-scale translation level and will facilitate the elucidation of the mechanism of action of benzothiazole.
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Nejedla M, Sadi S, Sulimenko V, de Almeida FN, Blom H, Draber P, Aspenström P, Karlsson R. Profilin connects actin assembly with microtubule dynamics. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2381-93. [PMID: 27307590 PMCID: PMC4966980 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-11-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin is a well-known regulator of actin filament formation. It indirectly associates with microtubules and influences their growth rate. Formins are the linker molecules, and the turnover of the actin microfilament system balances profilin association with the microtubules. Profilin controls actin nucleation and assembly processes in eukaryotic cells. Actin nucleation and elongation promoting factors (NEPFs) such as Ena/VASP, formins, and WASP-family proteins recruit profilin:actin for filament formation. Some of these are found to be microtubule associated, making actin polymerization from microtubule-associated platforms possible. Microtubules are implicated in focal adhesion turnover, cell polarity establishment, and migration, illustrating the coupling between actin and microtubule systems. Here we demonstrate that profilin is functionally linked to microtubules with formins and point to formins as major mediators of this association. To reach this conclusion, we combined different fluorescence microscopy techniques, including superresolution microscopy, with siRNA modulation of profilin expression and drug treatments to interfere with actin dynamics. Our studies show that profilin dynamically associates with microtubules and this fraction of profilin contributes to balance actin assembly during homeostatic cell growth and affects microtubule dynamics. Hence profilin functions as a regulator of microtubule (+)-end turnover in addition to being an actin control element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nejedla
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Sadi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vadym Sulimenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pavel Draber
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Cui XB, Zhang SM, Xu YX, Dang HW, Liu CX, Wang LH, Yang L, Hu JM, Liang WH, Jiang JF, Li N, Li Y, Chen YZ, Li F. PFN2, a novel marker of unfavorable prognosis, is a potential therapeutic target involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:137. [PMID: 27188458 PMCID: PMC4870769 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressively malignant tumors with dismal prognosis. Profilin 2 (PFN2) is an actin-binding protein that regulates the dynamics of actin polymerization and plays a key role in cell motility. Recently, PFN2 have emerged as significant regulators of cancer processes. However, the clinical significance and biological function of PFN2 in ESCC remain unclear. Methods PFN2 protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray from Chinese Han and Kazakh populations with ESCC. The associations among PFN2 expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of ESCC were analyzed. The effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were examined using MTT and Transwell assays. Markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with normal esophageal epithelium (NEE), PFN2 protein expression was markedly increased in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and ESCC, increased gradually from LGIN to ESCC, and finally reached high grade in HGIN in the Han population. Similarly, PFN2 protein was more overexpressed in ESCC than in NEE in the Kazakh population. The results of Western blot analysis also showed that PFN2 expression was significantly higher in the ESCC tissue than in a matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue. PFN2 expression was positively correlated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. High PFN2 expression was significantly correlated with short overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023). Cox regression analysis revealed that PFN2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in ESCC. Downregulation of PFN2 inhibited, rather than proliferated, cell invasion and migration, as well as induced an EMT phenotype, including increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, decreased mesenchymal marker Vimentin, Snail, Slug and ZEB1, and morphological changes in ESCC cells in vitro. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PFN2 has a novel role in promoting ESCC progression and metastasis and portending a poor prognosis, indicating that PFN2 could act as an early biomarker of high-risk population. Targeting PFN2 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yue-Xun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Dang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Tariq N, Basharat Z, Butt S, Baig DN. Distribution analysis of profilin isoforms at transcript resolution with mRNA-seq and secondary structure in various organs of Rattus norvegicus. Gene 2016; 589:49-55. [PMID: 27185630 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Profilin (Pfn) is an actin binding protein, ubiquitously found in mammals and is essential for the actin polymerization in cells. In brain, it plays a pivotal role in neurogenesis and synapse formation by interacting with various proteins. Four Pfn isoforms have been identified in mammals. This study presents the identification and transcriptional expression of various Pfn isoforms (Pfn1, Pfn2, Pfn3 and Pfn4) in brain, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle and testis of Rattus norvegicus. Organs have been classified into groups based on some similarities. Group I includes brain and testis, Group II includes skeletal muscle and heart, while Group III includes kidney and liver. Pfn1 has been identified in all groups, Pfn2 and Pfn3 have been identified in group I, group III and in one organ (skeletal muscle) of group II. To the best of the authors knowledge, no report of Pfn1 and Pfn2 presence in testis, Pfn3 in brain, liver and skeletal muscle, Pfn4 in kidney and skeletal muscle exists to date. Transcriptional expression showed variations among expression level of different Pfn isoforms in various organs with respect to the control gene GADPH. We hypothesize that this could be attributed to profilin isoform specific mRNA structure and corresponding motifs, which generally contribute to similar or varied decay rates, cellular localization, post transcriptional regulation pattern and ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Tariq
- Department of Biological sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, 46000 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Butt
- Department of Biological sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Deeba Noreen Baig
- Department of Biological sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
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Neuronal profilins in health and disease: Relevance for spine plasticity and Fragile X syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3365-70. [PMID: 26951674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516697113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory, to a large extent, depend on functional changes at synapses. Actin dynamics orchestrate the formation of synapses, as well as their stabilization, and the ability to undergo plastic changes. Hence, profilins are of key interest as they bind to G-actin and enhance actin polymerization. However, profilins also compete with actin nucleators, thereby restricting filament formation. Here, we provide evidence that the two brain isoforms, profilin1 (PFN1) and PFN2a, regulate spine actin dynamics in an opposing fashion, and that whereas both profilins are needed during synaptogenesis, only PFN2a is crucial for adult spine plasticity. This finding suggests that PFN1 is the juvenile isoform important during development, whereas PFN2a is mandatory for spine stability and plasticity in mature neurons. In line with this finding, only PFN1 levels are altered in the mouse model of the developmental neurological disorder Fragile X syndrome. This finding is of high relevance because Fragile X syndrome is the most common monogenetic cause for autism spectrum disorder. Indeed, the expression of recombinant profilins rescued the impairment in spinogenesis, a hallmark in Fragile X syndrome, thereby linking the regulation of actin dynamics to synapse development and possible dysfunction.
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Kooij V, Viswanathan MC, Lee DI, Rainer PP, Schmidt W, Kronert WA, Harding SE, Kass DA, Bernstein SI, Van Eyk JE, Cammarato A. Profilin modulates sarcomeric organization and mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:238-48. [PMID: 26956799 PMCID: PMC4836629 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure is often preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, which is characterized by increased cell size, altered protein abundance, and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Profilin is a well-conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional actin-binding protein, and its role in cardiomyocytes is largely unknown. Given its involvement in vascular hypertrophy, we aimed to test the hypothesis that profilin-1 is a key mediator of cardiomyocyte-specific hypertrophic remodelling. Methods and results Profilin-1 was elevated in multiple mouse models of hypertrophy, and a cardiomyocyte-specific increase of profilin in Drosophila resulted in significantly larger heart tube dimensions. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of profilin-1 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induced a hypertrophic response, measured by increased myocyte size and gene expression. Profilin-1 silencing suppressed the response in NRVMs stimulated with phenylephrine or endothelin-1. Mechanistically, we found that profilin-1 regulates hypertrophy, in part, through activation of the ERK1/2 signalling cascade. Confocal microscopy showed that profilin localized to the Z-line of Drosophila myofibrils under normal conditions and accumulated near the M-line when overexpressed. Elevated profilin levels resulted in elongated sarcomeres, myofibrillar disorganization, and sarcomeric disarray, which correlated with impaired muscle function. Conclusion Our results identify novel roles for profilin as an important mediator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We show that overexpression of profilin is sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and sarcomeric remodelling, and silencing of profilin attenuates the hypertrophic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kooij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Meera C Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong I Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - William Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William A Kronert
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, ICTEM, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Kass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pečar Fonović U, Kos J. Cathepsin X Cleaves Profilin 1 C-Terminal Tyr139 and Influences Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137217. [PMID: 26325675 PMCID: PMC4567178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin X, a cysteine carboxypeptidase, is upregulated in several types of cancer. Its molecular target in tumor cells is profilin 1, a known tumor suppressor and regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Cathepsin X cleaves off the C-terminal Tyr139 of profilin 1, affecting binding of poly-L-proline ligands and, consequently, tumor cell migration and invasion. Profilin 1 with mutations at the C-terminus, transiently expressed in prostate cancer cells PC-3, showed that Tyr139 is important for proper function of profilin 1 as a tumor suppressor. Cleaving off Tyr139 prevents the binding of clathrin, a poly-L-proline ligand involved in endocytosis. More profilin 1—clathrin complexes were present in PC-3 cells when cathepsin X was inhibited by its specific inhibitor AMS36 or silenced by siRNA. As a consequence, the endocytosis of FITC-labeled dextran and transferrin conjugate was significantly increased. These results constitute the first report of the regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in tumor cells through proteolytic processing of profilin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Bezanilla M, Gladfelter AS, Kovar DR, Lee WL. Cytoskeletal dynamics: a view from the membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:329-37. [PMID: 25963816 PMCID: PMC4427793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics can be recapitulated in vitro; yet, how the cytoskeleton integrates signals in vivo across cellular membranes is far less understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the membrane alone, or through membrane-associated proteins, can effect dynamic changes to the cytoskeleton, thereby impacting cell physiology. Having identified mechanistic links between membranes and the actin, microtubule, and septin cytoskeletons, these studies highlight the membrane’s central role in coordinating these cytoskeletal systems to carry out essential processes, such as endocytosis, spindle positioning, and cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Wei-Lih Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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43
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Müssar KJ, Kandasamy MK, McKinney EC, Meagher RB. Arabidopsis plants deficient in constitutive class profilins reveal independent and quantitative genetic effects. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:177. [PMID: 26160044 PMCID: PMC4702419 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin cytoskeleton is involved in an array of integral structural and developmental processes throughout the cell. One of actin's best-studied binding partners is the small ubiquitously expressed protein, profilin. Arabidopsis thaliana is known to encode a family of five profilin sequence variants: three vegetative (also constitutive) profilins that are predominantly expressed in all vegetative tissues and ovules, and two reproductive profilins that are specifically expressed in pollen. This paper analyzes the roles of the three vegetative profilin members, PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3, in plant cell and organ development. RESULTS Using a collection of knockout or severe knockdown T-DNA single mutants, we found that defects in each of the three variants gave rise to specific developmental deficiencies. Plants lacking PRF1 or PRF2 had defects in rosette leaf morphology and inflorescence stature, while those lacking PRF3 led to plants with slightly elongated petioles. To further examine these effects, double mutants and double and triple gene-silenced RNAi epialleles were created. These plants displayed significantly compounded developmental defects, as well as distinct lateral root growth morphological phenotypes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that having at least one vegetative profilin gene is essential to viability. Evidence is presented that combinations of independent function, quantitative genetic effects, and functional redundancy have preserved the three vegetative profilin genes in the Arabidopsis lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer J Müssar
- Genetics Department, Davison Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Muthugapatti K Kandasamy
- Genetics Department, Davison Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C McKinney
- Genetics Department, Davison Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Richard B Meagher
- Genetics Department, Davison Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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44
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Intracellular signaling by cathepsin X: Molecular mechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 31:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling targets microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253:669-80. [PMID: 25791356 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in the working-age populations of developed countries, and effective treatments and prevention measures have long been the foci of study. Patients with DR invariably demonstrate impairments of the retinal microvascular endothelium. Many observational and preclinical studies have shown that angiogenesis and apoptosis play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DR. Increasing evidence suggests that in DR, the small guanosine-5'-triphosphate-binding protein RhoA activates its downstream targets mammalian Diaphanous homolog 1 (mDia-1) and profilin-1, thus affecting important cellular functions, including cell morphology, motility, secretion, proliferation, and gene expression. However, the specific underlying mechanism of disease remains unclear. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling pathway that specifically triggers endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. Recently, RhoA and profilin-1 signaling has attracted a great deal of attention in the context of diabetes-related research. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 pathway is involved in progression of microvascular endothelial dysfunction (MVED) during DR has not been determined. This review briefly describes each feature of the cascade before exploring the most recent findings on how the pathway may trigger endothelial dysfunction in DR. When the underlying mechanisms are understood, novel therapies seeking to restore the endothelial homeostasis comprised in DR will become possible.
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Diamond MI, Cai S, Boudreau A, Carey CJ, Lyle N, Pappu RV, Swamidass SJ, Bissell M, Piwnica-Worms H, Shao J. Subcellular localization and Ser-137 phosphorylation regulate tumor-suppressive activity of profilin-1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9075-86. [PMID: 25681442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-binding protein profilin-1 (Pfn1) inhibits tumor growth and yet is also required for cell proliferation and survival, an apparent paradox. We previously identified Ser-137 of Pfn1 as a phosphorylation site within the poly-l-proline (PLP) binding pocket. Here we confirm that Ser-137 phosphorylation disrupts Pfn1 binding to its PLP-containing ligands with little effect on actin binding. We find in mouse xenografts of breast cancer cells that mimicking Ser-137 phosphorylation abolishes cell cycle arrest and apoptotic sensitization by Pfn1 and confers a growth advantage to tumors. This indicates a previously unrecognized role of PLP binding in Pfn1 antitumor effects. Spatial restriction of Pfn1 to the nucleus or cytoplasm indicates that inhibition of tumor cell growth by Pfn1 requires its nuclear localization, and this activity is abolished by a phosphomimetic mutation on Ser-137. In contrast, cytoplasmic Pfn1 lacks inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth but rescues morphological and proliferative defects of PFN1 null mouse chondrocytes. These results help reconcile seemingly opposed cellular effects of Pfn1, provide new insights into the antitumor mechanism of Pfn1, and implicate Ser-137 phosphorylation as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc I Diamond
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230
| | - Aaron Boudreau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Clifton J Carey
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Nicholas Lyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Mina Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230
| | - Jieya Shao
- Breast Oncology Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Schweinhuber SK, Meßerschmidt T, Hänsch R, Korte M, Rothkegel M. Profilin isoforms modulate astrocytic morphology and the motility of astrocytic processes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117244. [PMID: 25629407 PMCID: PMC4309604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of astrocytic processes determines their close structural association with synapses referred to as the ‘tripartite synapse’. Concerted morphological plasticity processes at tripartite synapses are supposed to shape neuronal communication. Morphological changes in astrocytes as well as the motility of astrocytic processes require remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Among the regulators of fast timescale actin-based motility, the actin binding protein profilin 1 has recently been shown to control the activity-dependent outgrowth of astrocytic processes. Here, we demonstrate that cultured murine astrocytes in addition to the ubiquitous profilin 1 also express the neuronal isoform profilin 2a. To analyze the cellular function of both profilins in astrocytes, we took advantage of a shRNA mediated isoform-specific downregulation. Interestingly, consistent with earlier results in neurons, we found redundant as well as isoform-specific functions of both profilins in modulating cellular physiology. The knockdown of either profilin 1 or profilin 2a led to a significant decrease in cell spreading of astrocytes. In contrast, solely the knockdown of profilin 2a resulted in a significantly reduced morphological complexity of astrocytes in both dissociated and slice culture astrocytes. Moreover, both isoforms proved to be crucial for forskolin-induced astrocytic stellation. Furthermore, forskolin treatment resulted in isoform-specific changes in the phosphorylation level of profilin 1 and profilin 2a, leading to a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of profilin 2a. In addition, transwell assays revealed an involvement of both isoforms in the motility of astrocytic processes, while FRAP analysis displayed an isoform-specific role of profilin 1 in the regulation of actin dynamics in peripheral astrocytic processes. Taken together, we suggest profilin isoforms to be important modulators of astrocytic morphology and motility with overlapping as well as isoform-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Meßerschmidt
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Rothkegel
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Fairchild MJ, Smendziuk CM, Tanentzapf G. A somatic permeability barrier around the germline is essential for Drosophila spermatogenesis. Development 2014; 142:268-81. [PMID: 25503408 DOI: 10.1242/dev.114967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the soma and germline are essential for gametogenesis. In the Drosophila testis, differentiating germ cells are encapsulated by two somatic cells that surround the germline throughout spermatogenesis. chickadee (chic), the fly ortholog of Profilin, mediates soma-germline interactions. Knockdown of Chic in the soma results in sterility and severely disrupted spermatogenesis due to defective encapsulation. To study this defect further, we developed a permeability assay to analyze whether the germline is isolated from the surrounding environment by the soma. We find that germline encapsulation by the soma is, by itself, insufficient for the formation of a permeability barrier, but that such a barrier gradually develops during early spermatogenesis. Thus, germline stem cells, gonialblasts and early spermatogonia are not isolated from the outside environment. By late spermatocyte stages, however, a permeability barrier is formed by the soma. Furthermore, we find that, concomitant with formation of the permeability barrier, septate junction markers are expressed in the soma and localize to junctional sites connecting the two somatic cells that surround the germline. Importantly, knockdown of septate junction components also disrupts the permeability barrier. Finally, we show that germline differentiation is delayed when the permeability barrier is compromised. We propose that the permeability barrier around the germline serves an important regulatory function during spermatogenesis by shaping the signaling events that take place between the soma and the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fairchild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher M Smendziuk
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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49
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Bestul AJ, Christensen JR, Grzegorzewska AP, Burke TA, Sees JA, Carroll RT, Sirotkin V, Keenan RJ, Kovar DR. Fission yeast profilin is tailored to facilitate actin assembly by the cytokinesis formin Cdc12. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:283-93. [PMID: 25392301 PMCID: PMC4294675 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-05-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved small actin-monomer binding protein profilin is believed to be a housekeeping factor that maintains a general pool of unassembled actin. However, despite similar primary sequences, structural folds, and affinities for G-actin and poly-L-proline, budding yeast profilin ScPFY fails to complement fission yeast profilin SpPRF temperature-sensitive mutant cdc3-124 cells. To identify profilin's essential properties, we built a combinatorial library of ScPFY variants containing either WT or SpPRF residues at multiple positions and carried out a genetic selection to isolate variants that support life in fission yeast. We subsequently engineered ScPFY(9-Mut), a variant containing nine substitutions in the actin-binding region, which complements cdc3-124 cells. ScPFY(9-Mut), but not WT ScPFY, suppresses severe cytokinesis defects in cdc3-124 cells. Furthermore, the major activity rescued by ScPFY(9-Mut) is the ability to enhance cytokinesis formin Cdc12-mediated actin assembly in vitro, which allows cells to assemble functional contractile rings. Therefore an essential role of profilin is to specifically facilitate formin-mediated actin assembly for cytokinesis in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bestul
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jenna R Christensen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | - Thomas A Burke
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jennifer A Sees
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Robert T Carroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Robert J Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Wang L, Liu M, Liao M. Proteomic response of Rhizoctonia solani GD118 suppressed by Paenibacillus kribbensis PS04. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:3037-45. [PMID: 25164959 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is considered a worldwide destructive rice disease and leads to considerable yield losses. A bio-control agent, Paenibacillus kribbensis PS04, was screened to resist against the pathogen. The inhibitory effects were investigated (>80 %) by the growth of the hyphae. Microscopic observation of the hypha structure manifested that the morphology of the pathogenic mycelium was strongly affected by P. kribbensis PS04. To explore essentially inhibitory mechanisms, proteomic approach was adopted to identify differentially expressed proteins from R. solani GD118 in response to P. kribbensis PS04 using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein profiling was used to identify 13 differential proteins: 10 proteins were found to be down-regulated while 3 proteins were up-regulated. These proteins were involved in material and energy metabolism, antioxidant activity, protein folding and degradation, and cytoskeleton regulation. Among them, material and energy metabolism was differentially regulated by P. kribbensis PS04. Protein expression was separately inhibited by the bio-control agent in oxidation resistance, protein folding and degradation, and cytoskeleton regulation. Proteome changes of the mycelium assist in understanding how the pathogen was directly suppressed by P. kribbensis PS04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
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