1
|
Blander JM, Yee Mon KJ, Jha A, Roycroft D. The show and tell of cross-presentation. Adv Immunol 2023; 159:33-114. [PMID: 37996207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the culmination of complex subcellular processes that allow the processing of exogenous proteins and the presentation of resultant peptides on major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules to CD8 T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a cell type that uniquely specializes in cross-presentation, mainly in the context of viral or non-viral infection and cancer. DCs have an extensive network of endovesicular pathways that orchestrate the biogenesis of an ideal cross-presentation compartment where processed antigen, MHC-I molecules, and the MHC-I peptide loading machinery all meet. As a central conveyor of information to CD8 T cells, cross-presentation allows cross-priming of T cells which carry out robust adaptive immune responses for tumor and viral clearance. Cross-presentation can be canonical or noncanonical depending on the functional status of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which in turn influences the vesicular route of MHC-I delivery to internalized antigen and the cross-presented repertoire of peptides. Because TAP is a central node in MHC-I presentation, it is targeted by immune evasive viruses and cancers. Thus, understanding the differences between canonical and noncanonical cross-presentation may inform new therapeutic avenues against cancer and infectious disease. Defects in cross-presentation on a cellular and genetic level lead to immune-related disease progression, recurrent infection, and cancer progression. In this chapter, we review the process of cross-presentation beginning with the DC subsets that conduct cross-presentation, the signals that regulate cross-presentation, the vesicular trafficking pathways that orchestrate cross-presentation, the modes of cross-presentation, and ending with disease contexts where cross-presentation plays a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Programs, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kristel Joy Yee Mon
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Atimukta Jha
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dylan Roycroft
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsoukas JM, Ligielli I, Chasapis CT, Kelaidonis K, Apostolopoulos V, Mavromoustakos T. Novel Approaches in the Immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis: Cyclization of Myelin Epitope Peptides and Conjugation with Mannan. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1583. [PMID: 34942885 PMCID: PMC8699547 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a serious autoimmune disease. The patient in an advanced state of the disease has restrained mobility and remains handicapped. It is therefore understandable that there is a great need for novel drugs and vaccines for the treatment of MS. Herein we summarise two major approaches applied for the treatment of the disease using peptide molecules alone or conjugated with mannan. The first approach focuses on selective myelin epitope peptide or peptide mimetic therapy alone or conjugated with mannan, and the second on immune-therapy by preventing or controlling disease through the release of appropriate cytokines. In both approaches the use of cyclic peptides offers the advantage of increased stability from proteolytic enzymes. In these approaches, the synthesis of myelin epitope peptides conjugated to mannan is of particular interest as this was found to protect mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, in prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. Protection was peptide-specific and associated with reduced antigen-specific T cell proliferation. The aim of the studies of these peptide epitope analogs is to understand their molecular basis of interactions with human autoimmune T-cell receptor and a MS-associated human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2b. This knowledge will lead the rational design to new beneficial non-peptide mimetic analogs for the treatment of MS. Some issues of the use of nanotechnology will also be addressed as a future trend to tackle the disease. We highlight novel immunomodulation and vaccine-based research against MS based on myelin epitope peptides and strategies developed in our laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Matsoukas
- NewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 265 04 Platani, Greece
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Irene Ligielli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Facility, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Chemical, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 265 04 Patra, Greece
| | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Immunology Program, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jürgensen HJ, Silva LM, Krigslund O, van Putten S, Madsen DH, Behrendt N, Engelholm LH, Bugge TH. CCL2/MCP-1 signaling drives extracellular matrix turnover by diverse macrophage subsets. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100003. [PMID: 33543002 PMCID: PMC7852312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity, cellular origin, and phenotypic heterogeneity are perpetual challenges for studies addressing the biology of this pivotal immune cell in development, homeostasis, and tissue remodeling/repair. Consequently, a myriad of macrophage subtypes has been described in these contexts. To facilitate the identification of functional macrophage subtypes in vivo, here we used a flow cytometry-based assay that allows for detailed phenotyping of macrophages engaged in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Of the five macrophage subtypes identified in the remodeling dermis by using this assay, collagen degradation was primarily executed by Ly6C−CCR2+ and Ly6C−CCR2low macrophages via mannose receptor-dependent collagen endocytosis, while Ly6C+CCR2+ macrophages were the dominant fibrin-endocytosing cells. Unexpectedly, the CCL2/MCP1-CCR2 signaling axis was critical for both collagen and fibrin degradation, while collagen degradation was independent of IL-4Ra signaling. Furthermore, the cytokine GM-CSF selectively enhanced collagen degradation by Ly6C+CCR2+ macrophages. This study reveals distinct subsets of macrophages engaged in ECM turnover and identifies novel wound healing-associated functions for CCL2 and GM-CSF inflammatory cytokines. Phenotypically diverse subsets of dermal macrophages undertake the degradation of extracellular matrix C-C motif chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling is critical for macrophage-mediated endocytosis of collagen and fibrin. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukin (IL)-13 stimulate collagen endocytosis. The wound healing-associated IL4-IL4 Receptor a (IL4Ra) signaling is dispensable for collagen endocytosis by macrophages. The mannose receptor is the principal endocytic collagen receptor utilized by resident dermal macrophages.
Collapse
Key Words
- AF, Alexa Fluor
- CCL2/MCP-1, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor type 2
- CEMS, collagen-endocytosing macrophages
- Collagen degradation
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix endocytosis
- FEMS, fibrin-endocytosing macrophages
- FMO, fluorescence minus one
- Fibrin degradation
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
- GM-CSFR, GM-CSF Receptor
- IL, Interleukin
- IL4Ra, IL4 Receptor a
- Interleukin-13
- M-CSF, Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
- MR, mannose receptor/CD206
- Mannose receptor/CD206
- Plg, plasminogen
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- uPARAP, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor associated protein/Endo180
- uPARAP/Endo180
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik J. Jürgensen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lakmali M. Silva
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Oral Inflammation and Immunity Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oliver Krigslund
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sander van Putten
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniel H. Madsen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Haematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Niels Behrendt
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author at: Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ladics GS. Assessment of the potential allergenicity of genetically-engineered food crops. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 16:43-53. [PMID: 30409058 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2018.1533904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive safety assessment process exists for genetically-engineered (GE) crops. The assessment includes an evaluation of the introduced protein as well as the crop containing the protein with the goal of demonstrating the GE crop is "as-safe-as" non-GE crops in the food supply. One of the evaluations for GE crops is to assess the expressed protein for allergenic potential. Currently, no single factor is recognized as a predictor for protein allergenicity. Therefore, a weight-of-the-evidence approach, which accounts for a variety of factors and approaches for an overall assessment of allergenic potential, is conducted. This assessment includes an evaluation of the history of exposure and safety of the gene(s) source; protein structure (e.g. amino acid sequence identity to human allergens); stability of the protein to pepsin digestion in vitro; heat stability of the protein; glycosylation status; and when appropriate, specific IgE binding studies with sera from relevant clinically allergic subjects. Since GE crops were first commercialized over 20 years ago, there is no proof that the introduced novel protein(s) in any commercialized GE food crop has caused food allergy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui Z, Han D, Sun X, Zhang M, Feng X, Sun C, Gu J, Tong C, Lei L, Han W. Mannose-modified chitosan microspheres enhance OprF-OprI-mediated protection of mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via induction of mucosal immunity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:667-80. [PMID: 25381907 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that localizes to and colonizes mucosal tissue. Thus, vaccines that elicit a strong mucosal response against P. aeruginosa should be superior to other vaccination strategies. In this study, to stimulate rapid and enhanced mucosal immune responses, mannose-modified chitosan microspheres loaded with the recombinant outer membrane protein OprF190-342-OprI21-83 (FI) (FI-MCS-MPs) of P. aeruginosa were developed as a potent subunit vaccine for mucosal delivery. FI-MCS-MPs were successfully obtained via the tripolyphosphate ionic crosslinking method. Confocal and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that FI-MCS-MPs exhibited the ability to bind the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR, CD206) in vitro and in vivo. After intranasal immunization of mice with FI-MCS-MPs, FI-specific humoral immune responses were detected, measured as local IgM antibody titers in lung tissue slurry; IgA antibody titers in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and intestinal lavage; and systemic IgA and IgG antibody titers in serum. FI-MCS-MPs induced early and high mucosal and systemic humoral antibody responses comparable to those in the group vaccinated with unmodified mannose. High levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in addition to T lymphocyte subsets induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice immunized with FI-MCS-MPs, resulting in the establishment of cellular immunity. Additionally, when immunized mice were challenged with P. aeruginosa via the nasal cavity, FI-MCS-MPs demonstrated 75 % protective efficacy. Together, these data indicate that mannose-modified chitosan microspheres are a promising subunit delivery system for vaccines against P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajaram MVS, Ni B, Dodd CE, Schlesinger LS. Macrophage immunoregulatory pathways in tuberculosis. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:471-85. [PMID: 25453226 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the major host cells harboring Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), are a heterogeneous cell type depending on their tissue of origin and host they are derived from. Significant discord in macrophage responses to M.tb exists due to differences in M.tb strains and the various types of macrophages used to study tuberculosis (TB). This review will summarize current concepts regarding macrophage responses to M.tb infection, while pointing out relevant differences in experimental outcomes due to the use of divergent model systems. A brief description of the lung environment is included since there is increasing evidence that the alveolar macrophage (AM) has immunoregulatory properties that can delay optimal protective host immune responses. In this context, this review focuses on selected macrophage immunoregulatory pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokines, negative regulators of inflammation, lipid mediators and microRNAs (miRNAs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bin Ni
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claire E Dodd
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Madsen DH, Leonard D, Masedunskas A, Moyer A, Jürgensen HJ, Peters DE, Amornphimoltham P, Selvaraj A, Yamada SS, Brenner DA, Burgdorf S, Engelholm LH, Behrendt N, Holmbeck K, Weigert R, Bugge TH. M2-like macrophages are responsible for collagen degradation through a mannose receptor-mediated pathway. J Cell Biol 2013; 202:951-66. [PMID: 24019537 PMCID: PMC3776354 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201301081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodeling processes critically depend on the timely removal and remodeling of preexisting collagen scaffolds. Nevertheless, many aspects related to the turnover of this abundant extracellular matrix component in vivo are still incompletely understood. We therefore took advantage of recent advances in optical imaging to develop an assay to visualize collagen turnover in situ and identify cell types and molecules involved in this process. Collagen introduced into the dermis of mice underwent cellular endocytosis in a partially matrix metalloproteinase-dependent manner and was subsequently routed to lysosomes for complete degradation. Collagen uptake was predominantly executed by a quantitatively minor population of M2-like macrophages, whereas more abundant Col1a1-expressing fibroblasts and Cx3cr1-expressing macrophages internalized collagen at lower levels. Genetic ablation of the collagen receptors mannose receptor (Mrc1) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (Endo180 and Mrc2) impaired this intracellular collagen degradation pathway. This study demonstrates the importance of receptor-mediated cellular uptake to collagen turnover in vivo and identifies a key role of M2-like macrophages in this process.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Collagen Type I/physiology
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Endocytosis/physiology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Madsen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Leonard
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amanda Moyer
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Henrik Jessen Jürgensen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diane E. Peters
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Program of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Panomwat Amornphimoltham
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Arul Selvaraj
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan S. Yamada
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Behrendt
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenn Holmbeck
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section and Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Engineering Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for producing recombinant proteins with simple glycoforms by zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)—mediated gene knockout of mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoprotein beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Mgat1). J Biotechnol 2013; 167:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
9
|
Macrophages in tuberculosis: friend or foe. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:563-83. [PMID: 23864058 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is acquired by the respiratory route. It is exquisitely human adapted and a prototypic intracellular pathogen of macrophages, with alveolar macrophages (AMs) being the primary conduit of infection and disease. The outcome of primary infection is most often a latently infected healthy human host, in whom the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response. Such individuals can develop active TB later in life with impairment in the immune system. In contrast, in a minority of infected individuals, the host immune response fails to control the growth of bacilli, and progressive granulomatous disease develops, facilitating spread of the bacilli via infectious aerosols coughed out into the environment and inhaled by new hosts. The molecular details of the Mtb-macrophage interaction continue to be elucidated. However, it is clear that a number of complex processes are involved at the different stages of infection that may benefit either the bacterium or the host. Macrophages demonstrate tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity which, depending on the site and stage of infection, facilitate the diverse outcomes. Moreover, host responses vary depending on the specific characteristics of the infecting Mtb strain. In this chapter, we describe a contemporary view of the behavior of AMs and their interaction with various Mtb strains in generating unique immunologic lung-specific responses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sandgren KJ, Smed-Sörensen A, Forsell MN, Soldemo M, Adams WC, Liang F, Perbeck L, Koup RA, Wyatt RT, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Loré K. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells efficiently capture HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins via CD4 for antigen presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:60-9. [PMID: 23729440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in HIV-1 vaccine clinical trials and preclinical research indicate that the virus envelope glycoproteins (Env) are likely to be an essential component of a prophylactic vaccine. Efficient Ag uptake and presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) is important for strong CD4(+) Th cell responses and the development of effective humoral immune responses. In this study, we examined the capacity of distinct primary human DC subsets to internalize and present recombinant Env to CD4(+) T cells. Consistent with their specific receptor expression, skin DCs bound and internalized Env via C-type lectin receptors, whereas blood DC subsets, including CD1c(+) myeloid DCs, CD123(+) plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs), and CD141(+) DCs exhibited a restricted repertoire of C-type lectin receptors and relied on CD4 for uptake of Env. Despite a generally poor capacity for Ag uptake compared with myeloid DCs, the high expression of CD4 on PDCs allowed them to bind and internalize Env very efficiently. CD4-mediated uptake delivered Env to EEA1(+) endosomes that progressed to Lamp1(+) and MHC class II(+) lysosomes where internalized Env was degraded rapidly. Finally, all three blood DC subsets were able to internalize an Env-CMV pp65 fusion protein via CD4 and stimulate pp65-specific CD4(+) T cells. Thus, in the in vitro systems described in this paper, CD4-mediated uptake of Env is a functional pathway leading to Ag presentation, and this may therefore be a mechanism used by blood DCs, including PDCs, for generating immune responses to Env-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie J Sandgren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ribeiro-Viana R, García-Vallejo JJ, Collado D, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Bloem K, van Kooyk Y, Rojo J. BODIPY-Labeled DC-SIGN-Targeting Glycodendrons Efficiently Internalize and Route to Lysosomes in Human Dendritic Cells. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3209-19. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300998c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Juan J. García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Collado
- Andalusian Centre of Nanomedicine
and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Andalusian Centre of Nanomedicine
and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Karien Bloem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio
49, Seville 41092 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh SK, Streng-Ouwehand I, Litjens M, Kalay H, Burgdorf S, Saeland E, Kurts C, Unger WW, van Kooyk Y. Design of neo-glycoconjugates that target the mannose receptor and enhance TLR-independent cross-presentation and Th1 polarization. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:916-25. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
13
|
Wadle A, Mischo A, Strahl S, Nishikawa H, Held G, Neumann F, Wullner B, Fischer E, Kleber S, Karbach J, Jager E, Shiku H, Odunsi K, Shrikant PA, Knuth A, Cerundolo V, Renner C. NY-ESO-1 protein glycosylated by yeast induces enhanced immune responses. Yeast 2011; 27:919-31. [PMID: 20672253 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine strategies that target dendritic cells to elicit potent cellular immunity are the subject of intense research. Here we report that the genetically engineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expressing the full-length tumour-associated antigen NY-ESO-1, is a versatile host for protein production. Exposing dendritic cells (DCs) to soluble NY-ESO-1 protein linked to the yeast a-agglutinin 2 protein (Aga2p) protein resulted in protein uptake, processing and MHC class I cross-presentation of NY-ESO-1-derived peptides. The process of antigen uptake and cross-presentation was dependent on the glycosylation pattern of NY-ESO-1-Aga2p protein and the presence of accessible mannose receptors. In addition, NY-ESO-1-Aga2p protein uptake by dendritic cells resulted in recognition by HLA-DP4 NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells, indicating MHC class II presentation. Finally, vaccination of mice with yeast-derived NY-ESO-1-Aga2p protein led to an enhanced humoral and cellular immune response, when compared to the bacterially expressed NY-ESO-1 protein. Together, these data demonstrate that yeast-derived full-length NY-ESO-1-Aga2p protein is processed and presented efficiently by MHC class I and II complexes and warrants clinical trials to determine the potential value of S. cerevisiae as a host for cancer vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wadle
- Department of Oncology, Universtity Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich/Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Irache JM, Salman HH, Gamazo C, Espuelas S. Mannose-targeted systems for the delivery of therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:703-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.6.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
15
|
Ikehara Y, Shiuchi N, Kabata-Ikehara S, Nakanishi H, Yokoyama N, Takagi H, Nagata T, Koide Y, Kuzushima K, Takahashi T, Tsujimura K, Kojima N. Effective induction of anti-tumor immune responses with oligomannose-coated liposome targeting to intraperitoneal phagocytic cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 260:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Pollicita M, Schols D, Aquaro S, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJM, Perno CF, Balzarini J. Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) inhibit HIV-1 infection in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and efficiently prevent MDM-directed viral capture and subsequent transmission to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Virology 2007; 370:382-91. [PMID: 17928023 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) have been proposed as innovative anti-HIV compounds selectively targeting the glycans of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and preventing DC-SIGN-directed HIV capture by dendritic cells (DCs) and transmission to CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. We now show that CBAs efficiently prevent R5 HIV-1 infection of human primary monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) cell cultures in the nanomolar range. Both R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains were efficiently captured by the macrophage mannose-binding receptor (MMR) present on MDM. HIV-1 capture by MMR-expressing MDM was inhibited by soluble mannose-binding lectin and MMR antibody. Short pre-exposure of these HIV-1 strains to CBAs is able to prevent virus capture by MDM and subsequent syncytia formation in cocultures of the CBA-exposed HIV-1-captured MDM and uninfected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. The potential of CBAs to impair MDM in their capacity to capture and to transmit HIV to T-lymphocytes might be an important property to be taken into consideration in the eventual choice to select microbicide candidate drugs for clinical investigation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sabado RL, Babcock E, Kavanagh DG, Tjomsland V, Walker BD, Lifson JD, Bhardwaj N, Larsson M. Pathways utilized by dendritic cells for binding, uptake, processing and presentation of antigens derived from HIV-1. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:1752-63. [PMID: 17534864 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The outcome following HIV infection depends on the nature and durability of the HIV-specific T cell response induced initially. The activation of protective T cell responses depends upon dendritic cells (DC), antigen-presenting cells which have the capacity to process and present viral antigens. DC pulsed with aldrithiol-2-inactivated HIV and delivered in vivo were reported to induce immune responses and promote virologic control in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects. To gain an understanding of this phenomenon, we characterized the steps involved in the presentation of antigens derived from aldrithiol-2-treated vs. infectious HIV-1 by DC. Antigen presentation, on both MHC class I and II, was independent of DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing integrin, DEC-205 and macrophage mannose receptor, C-type lectins expressed by the DC. Inhibitor studies showed that presentation on MHC class I was dependent on viral fusion in a CD4/coreceptor-dependent manner, both at the cell surface and within endosomes, and access to the classical endosomal processing pathway. MHC class II presentation of HIV-associated antigens was dependent on active endocytosis, probably receptor-mediated, and subsequent degradation of virions in acidified endosomes in the DC. Our study brings forth new facts regarding the binding, uptake, and processing of chemically inactivated virions leading to efficient antigen presentation and should aid in the design of more effective HIV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Sabado
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Claeys S, Van Hoecke H, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, De Belder T, Verhasselt B, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Nasal polyps in patients with and without cystic fibrosis: a differentiation by innate markers and inflammatory mediators. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:467-72. [PMID: 15836755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysfunction of the mucosal interface of the upper respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is clinically visible by the development of nasal polyps (NP) at a young age. Innate defence markers and inflammatory mediators in NP from patients with CF were compared with non-cystic fibrosis nasal polyps (non-CF-NP) to determine a possible different immunological background in macroscopically similar tissue. METHODS Surgical samples were obtained from patients with non-CF-NP, cystic fibrosis patients with nasal polyps (CF-NP) and control patients (CO). With real time PCR, the mRNA expression of human beta defensins (HBD) 2 and 3, toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 and the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) were measured. On homogenates of the surgical samples eotaxin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-5 and IL-8 protein content was measured using commercial ELISA kits; IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were measured by the Unicap system. RESULTS In CF-NP we found a statistically significant higher mRNA expression of HBD 2 compared with non-CF-NP and CO and of TLR 2 compared with non-CF-NP. In the non-CF-NP group, MMR mRNA expression was significantly elevated compared with CO and CF-NP. For TLR 4 mRNA expression no statistically significant differences were found between groups. IL-5 was below detection level in all CO and CF-NP, but was measurable in 80% of the non-CF-NP. MPO and IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in CF-NP compared with CO and non-CF-NP, whereas ECP, eotaxin and IgE were significantly higher in the non-CF-NP group. CONCLUSIONS We here demonstrate that CF-NP and non-CF-NP not only differ in terms of inflammatory mediator profile, but also in terms of innate markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Claeys
- Upper airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
It is now appreciated that the range of ligands interacting with C-type lectin type receptors on antigen presenting cells includes endogenous self-molecules as well as pathogens and pathogen-derived ligands. Interestingly, not all interactions between these receptors and pathogenic ligands have beneficial outcomes, and it appears that some pathogens have evolved immunoevasive or immunosuppressive activities through receptors such as DC-SIGN. In addition to this, recent data indicate that the well-characterised macrophage mannose receptor is not essential to host defence against fungal pathogens, as previously thought, but has an important role in regulating endogenous glycoprotein clearance. New studies have also demonstrated that different ligand binding and/or sensing receptors collaborate for full and effective immune responses.
Collapse
Key Words
- apc, antigen-presenting cell
- bdca, blood dc antigen
- clr, c-type lectin receptor
- crd, carbohydrate recognition domain
- dc, dendritic cell
- fn-ii, fibronectin type ii
- icam, intercellular adhesion molecule
- itam, immunotyrosine activatory motif
- mø, macrophage
- mhc-i, mhc class i
- mhc-ii, mhc class ii
- mr, mannose receptor
- prr, pattern recognition receptor
- tlr, toll-like receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eamon P McGreal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Joanna L Miller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Claeys S, De Belder T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Verhasselt B, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Macrophage mannose receptor in chronic sinus disease. Allergy 2004; 59:606-12. [PMID: 15147445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of infectious agents in the onset and maintenance of chronic sinus disease is still not fully understood. Macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), an innate pattern recognizing receptor, capable of phagocytosis of invaders and signal transduction for proinflammatory mechanisms, might be of importance in immune interactions in chronic sinus disease. OBJECTIVE We examined the MMR in sinonasal airway mucosa to evaluate its possible role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CS) and nasal polyposis (NPs). METHODS Surgical samples from patients with sinonasal disease were investigated with real-time RT-PCR for quantification of MMR mRNA expression, and the presence and location of MMR-positive cells was analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Quantification of MMR mRNA showed a statistically significant higher expression in NPs compared to CS without NP and controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of MMR in all tissue samples; however, in NP we found an enhanced positive cellular staining including cell aggregates. CONCLUSIONS We could demonstrate for the first time that the expression of MMR is significantly upregulated in NP compared to patients with CS without NP or turbinate tissue of controls. Macrophages expressing MMR, accumulated in cell aggregates in NPs, play a possible key role in pathogen-macrophage interaction in NP disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Claeys
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Turville S, Wilkinson J, Cameron P, Dable J, Cunningham AL. The role of dendritic cell C-type lectin receptors in HIV pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 74:710-8. [PMID: 12960229 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0503208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play a major role in HIV pathogenesis. Epithelial dendritic cells appear to be one of the first cells infected after sexual transmission and transfer of the virus to CD4 lymphocytes, simultaneously activating these cells to produce high levels of HIV replication. Such transfer may occur locally in inflamed mucosa or after dendritic cells have matured and migrated to local lymph nodes. Therefore, the mechanism of binding, internalization, infection and transfer of HIV to CD4 lymphocytes is of great interest. Recently, the role of the C-type lectin DC-SIGN as a dendritic cell receptor for HIV has been intensively studied with in vitro monocyte-derived dendritic cells. However, it is clear that other C-type lectin receptors such as Langerin on Langerhan cells and mannose receptor on dermal dendritic cells are at least equally important for gp120 binding on epithelial dendritic cells. C-type lectin receptors play a role in virus transfer to T cells, either via de novo infection ("cis transfer") or without infection ("in trans" or transinfection). Both these processes are important in vitro, and both may have a role in vivo, although the low-level infection of immature dendritic cells may be more important as it leads to R5 HIV strain selection and persistence of virus within dendritic cells for at least 24 h, sufficient for these cells to transit to lymph nodes. The exact details of these processes are currently the subject of intense study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Turville
- Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Williams MA, Trout R, Spector SA. HIV-1 gp120 modulates the immunological function and expression of accessory and co-stimulatory molecules of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF HEMATOTHERAPY & STEM CELL RESEARCH 2002; 11:829-47. [PMID: 12427289 DOI: 10.1089/152581602760404630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of a primary immune response requires antigen specific CD4(+) T helper (T(h)) cells to assist in priming of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity. This is optimal when T(h) cells and CTL recognize antigen when presented to them by a dendritic cell (DC) in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II complexes. We have hypothesized that human DC exposed to HIV-1 gp120 IIIB envelope glycoprotein may activate or alter the immunological activation of DCs. Our findings have led us to conclude that HIV-1 gp120 LAV/IIIB activates monocyte-derived DC when they are in their immature state while HIV-1 gp120 exhibits highly selective effects on mature DC. We have observed that following maturation of DCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that they are less susceptible to the modulatory effects of gp120. Although HIV-1 gp120 activates immature DC, it does so in a manner that abrogates their normal function in host immune responses and consequently disturbs the homeostatic balance of host immune response to infection. We suggest that HIV-1 gp120 may support sustained productive infection and transinfection of activated T cells that cluster with gp120-activated DC. We believe that these are promoted by mechanisms that are dependent, at least in part, on altered cytokine responses, enhanced expression of cellular adhesion molecules and augmented DC-mediated activation of T cells in nonspecific and antigen-specific immune reactivities. Consequently, HIV-1 gp120 may actively contribute to the immunopathogenesis of AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Williams
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California at San Diego, The School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major outer surface membrane components present in almost all Gram-negative bacteria and act as extremely strong stimulators of innate or natural immunity in diverse eukaryotic species ranging from insects to humans. LPS consist of a poly- or oligosaccharide region that is anchored in the outer bacterial membrane by a specific carbohydrate lipid moiety termed lipid A. The lipid A component is the primary immunostimulatory centre of LPS. With respect to immunoactivation in mammalian systems, the classical group of strongly agonistic (highly endotoxic) forms of LPS has been shown to be comprised of a rather similar set of lipid A types. In addition, several natural or derivatised lipid A structures have been identified that display comparatively low or even no immunostimulation for a given mammalian species. Some members of the latter more heterogeneous group are capable of antagonizing the effects of strongly stimulatory LPS/lipid A forms. Agonistic forms of LPS or lipid A trigger numerous physiological immunostimulatory effects in mammalian organisms, but--in higher doses--can also lead to pathological reactions such as the induction of septic shock. Cells of the myeloid lineage have been shown to be the primary cellular sensors for LPS in the mammalian immune system. During the past decade, enormous progress has been obtained in the elucidation of the central LPS/lipid A recognition and signaling system in mammalian phagocytes. According to the current model, the specific cellular recognition of agonistic LPS/lipid A is initialized by the combined extracellular actions of LPS binding protein (LBP), the membrane-bound or soluble forms of CD14 and the newly identified Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)*MD-2 complex, leading to the rapid activation of an intracellular signaling network that is highly homologous to the signaling systems of IL-1 and IL-18. The elucidation of structure-activity correlations in LPS and lipid A has not only contributed to a molecular understanding of both immunostimulatory and toxic septic processes, but has also re-animated the development of new pharmacological and immunostimulatory strategies for the prevention and therapy of infectious and malignant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander
- Department of Immunochemistry and Biochemical Microbiology, Centre of Medicine and Bio-Sciences, Borstel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Turville SG, Arthos J, Donald KM, Lynch G, Naif H, Clark G, Hart D, Cunningham AL. HIV gp120 receptors on human dendritic cells. Blood 2001; 98:2482-8. [PMID: 11588046 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.8.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of their roles during transmission and also maintenance of immune competence. Furthermore, DCs are a key cell in the development of HIV vaccines. In both these settings the mechanism of binding of the HIV envelope protein gp120 to DCs is of importance. Recently a single C-type lectin receptor (CLR), DC-SIGN, has been reported to be the predominant receptor on monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) rather than CD4. In this study a novel biotinylated gp120 assay was used to determine whether CLR or CD4 were predominant receptors on MDDCs and ex vivo blood DCs. CLR bound more than 80% of gp120 on MDDCs, with residual binding attributable to CD4, reconfirming that CLRs were the major receptors for gp120 on MDDCs. However, in contrast to recent reports, gp120 binding to at least 3 CLRs was observed: DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, and unidentified trypsin resistant CLR(s). In marked contrast, freshly isolated and cultured CD11c(+ve) and CD11c(-ve) blood DCs only bound gp120 via CD4. In view of these marked differences between MDDCs and blood DCs, HIV capture by DCs and transfer mechanisms to T cells as well as potential antigenic processing pathways will need to be determined for each DC phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Turville
- Center for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee JK, Lee MK, Yun YP, Kim Y, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kim K, Han SS, Lee CK. Acemannan purified from Aloe vera induces phenotypic and functional maturation of immature dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:1275-84. [PMID: 11460308 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acemannan, a major carbohydrate fraction of Aloe vera gel, has been known to have antiviral and antitumoral activities in vivo through activation of immune responses. The present study was set out to define the immunomodulatory activity of acemannan on dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most important accessory cells for the initiation of primary immune responses. Immature DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells by culturing in a medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then stimulated with acemannan, sulfated acemannan, and LPS, respectively. The resultant DCs were examined for phenotypic and functional properties. Phenotypic analysis for the expression of class II MHC molecules and major co-stimulatory molecules such as B7-1, B7-2, CD40 and CD54 confirmed that acemannan could induce maturation of immature DCs. Functional maturation of immature DCs was supported by increased allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and IL-12 production. The differentiation-inducing activity of acemannan was almost completely abolished by chemical sulfation. Based on these results, we propose that the adjuvant activity of acemannan is at least in part due to its capacity to promote differentiation of immature DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kragol G, Otvos L. Orthogonal solid-phase synthesis of tetramannosylated peptide constructs carrying three independent branched epitopes. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Kawakami S, Wong J, Sato A, Hattori Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Biodistribution characteristics of mannosylated, fucosylated, and galactosylated liposomes in mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1524:258-65. [PMID: 11113576 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo disposition behavior and pharmacokinetic characteristics of galactosylated (Gal), mannosylated (Man) and fucosylated (Fuc) liposomes were compared in this study. For the preparation of the glycosylated liposomes, cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-beta-D-thiogalactosyle thyl)amino)a lkyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) (Kawakami et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 252 (1998) 78-83) and its mannosylated and fucosylated derivatives (Man-C4-Chol and Fuc-C4-Chol, respectively) were synthesized. The glycosylated liposomes are composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), cholesterol (Chol), and Gal-C4-Chol (or Man-C4-Chol or Fuc-C4-Chol) with the molar ratio of 60:35:5. After intravenous injection in mice, these three types of [(3)H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether-labeled glycosylated liposomes were rapidly eliminated from the circulating blood and preferentially recovered in the liver. In contrast, DSPC/Chol (60:40) liposomes without glycosylation were retained for a long time in the circulating blood. The uptake ratios by parenchymal cells (PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) (PC/NPC ratios) for 0.5% Gal, Man and Fuc liposomes were found to be 15.1, 0.6 and 0.2, respectively. The effect of predosing glycosylated proteins and liposomes on the hepatic uptake of 0.5% (3)H-labeled Gal, Man, and Fuc liposomes was investigated and the results support the conclusion that Gal, Man, and Fuc liposomes are taken up by the liver via asialoglycoprotein receptors in PC, mannose receptors in NPC, and fucose receptors in NPC, respectively. Interestingly, Gal liposomes were taken up by NPC rather than by PC at a high dose (5%). Together with the finding that 5% Gal liposomes inhibit the hepatic uptake of (3)H-labeled Fuc liposomes, this suggests that Gal-liposomes administered at a high dose will also be taken up by fucose receptors in NPC, that are considered to act as galactose particle receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hiltbold EM, Vlad AM, Ciborowski P, Watkins SC, Finn OJ. The mechanism of unresponsiveness to circulating tumor antigen MUC1 is a block in intracellular sorting and processing by dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:3730-41. [PMID: 11034378 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.7.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to tumor Ags in patients is typically weak and not therapeutic. We have identified a new mechanism by which potentially immunogenic glycoprotein tumor Ags, such as MUC1, fail to stimulate strong immune responses. MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein that is also present in soluble form in sera and ascites of cancer patients. We show that this soluble protein is readily taken up by dendritic cells (DC), but is not transported to late endosomes or MHC class II compartments for processing and binding to class II MHC. MUC1 uptake is mediated by the mannose receptor, and the protein is then retained long term in early endosomes without degradation. Long-term retention of MUC1 does not interfere with the ability of DC to process and present other Ags. We also demonstrate inhibited processing of another important glycoprotein tumor Ag, HER-2/neu. This may, therefore, be a frequent obstacle to presentation of tumor Ags and an important consideration in the design of cancer vaccines. It should be possible to overcome this obstacle by providing DC with a form of tumor Ag that can be better processed. For MUC1 we show that a 140-aa-long synthetic peptide is very efficiently processed by DC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Hiltbold
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the major antigen-presenting cells in the induction of cellular responses to intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria. Recent studies have shown that they also play a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. The interaction of DC with microbial antigens may be the controlling factor in the development of a Th1-orientated protective immunity. Analysis of the innate response of DC to mycobacteria and the involvement of the DC receptors in antigen recognition have highlighted the pivotal role of these cells in T-cell activation. Mycobacteria-infected DC have an enhanced capacity to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and are potent inducers of interferon-gamma-producing cells in vivo. Therefore, DC manipulation for maximal antigen presentation and Th1 cytokine production may form the basis of a new generation of vaccines, with improved efficacy against mycobacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Demangel
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Department of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bakke O, Nordeng TW. Intracellular traffic to compartments for MHC class II peptide loading: signals for endosomal and polarized sorting. Immunol Rev 1999; 172:171-87. [PMID: 10631946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this review we focus on the traffic of MHC class II and endocytosed antigens to intracellular compartments where antigenic peptides are loaded. We also discuss briefly the nature of the peptide loading compartment and the sorting signals known to direct antigen receptors and MHC class II and associated molecules to this location. MHC class II molecules are expressed on a variety of polarized epithelial and endothelial cells, and polarized cells are thus potentially important for antigen presentation. Here we review some cell biological aspects of polarized sorting of MHC class II and the associated invariant chain and the signals that are involved in the sorting process to the basolateral domain. The molecules involved in sorting and loading of peptide may modulate antigen presentation, and in particular we discuss how invariant chain may change the cellular phenotype and the kinetics of the endosomal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Bakke
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stahl PD, Ezekowitz RA. The mannose receptor is a pattern recognition receptor involved in host defense. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10:50-5. [PMID: 9523111 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mannose receptor recognizes the patterns of carbohydrates that decorate the surfaces and cell walls of infectious agents. This macrophage and dendritic cell pattern-recognition receptor mediates endocytosis and phagocytosis. The mannose receptor is the prototype of a new family of multilectin receptor proteins (membrane-spanning receptors containing eight-ten lectin-like domains, which appear to play a key role in host defense) and provides a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent advances include the identification of three new members of the mannose receptor family, additional work on defining the molecular requirements for sugar binding, a role for the mannose receptor in antigen presentation of lipoglycan antigens and evidence that the mannose receptor is associated with a signal transduction pathway leading to cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Stahl
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|