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Stevens CS, Oguntuyo KY, Kowdle S, Brambilla L, Haas G, Gowlikar A, Siddiquey MN, Schilke RM, Woolard MD, Zhang H, Acklin JA, Ikegame S, Huang CT, Lim JK, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Ivanov SS, Kamil JP, Lee B. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and its variant-dependent role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2020.08.14.248880. [PMID: 32817940 PMCID: PMC7430570 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.14.248880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rationale SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is facilitated by endogenous and exogenous proteases that proteolytically activate the spike glycoprotein and antiproteases inhibiting this process. Understanding the key actors in viral entry is crucial for advancing knowledge of virus tropism, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets. Objectives We aimed to investigate the role of naïve serum and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) in inhibiting protease-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry and explore the implications of AAT deficiency on susceptibility to different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings Our study demonstrates that naïve serum exhibits significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry, with AAT identified as the major serum protease inhibitor potently restricting entry. Using pseudoparticles, replication-competent pseudoviruses, and authentic SARS-CoV-2, we show that AAT inhibition occurs at low concentrations compared with those in serum and bronchoalveolar tissues, suggesting physiological relevance. Furthermore, sera from subjects with an AAT-deficient genotype show reduced ability to inhibit entry of both Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) but exhibit no difference in inhibiting B.1.1.529 (Omicron) entry. Conclusions AAT may have a variant-dependent therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight the importance of further investigating the complex interplay between proteases, antiproteases, and spike glycoprotein activation in SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Luca Brambilla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Griffin Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Aditya Gowlikar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mohammed Na Siddiquey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Robert M Schilke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Joshua A Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Chuan-Tien Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Stanimir S Ivanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Jeremy P Kamil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Li N, Osborne B, Singh SK, Wang W. Metal-Leachate-Induced Conjugate Protein Instability. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2733-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Ghorai S, Chowdhury S, Pal S, Banik SP, Mukherjee S, Khowala S. Enhanced activity and stability of cellobiase (β-glucosidase: EC 3.2.1.21) produced in the presence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose from the fungus Termitomyces clypeatus. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Ayed A, Rabhi I, Dellagi K, Kallel H. High level production and purification of human interferon α2b in high cell density culture of Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008; 42:173-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Karnaukhova E, Ophir Y, Golding B. Recombinant human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor: towards therapeutic use. Amino Acids 2006; 30:317-32. [PMID: 16773239 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor is a well-characterized protease inhibitor with a wide spectrum of anti-protease activity. Its major physiological role is inhibition of neutrophil elastase in the lungs, and its deficiency is associated with progressive ultimately fatal emphysema. Currently in the US, only plasma-derived human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor is available for augmentation therapy, which appears to be insufficient to meet the anticipated clinical demand. Moreover, despite effective viral clearance steps in the manufacturing process, the potential risk of contamination with new and unknown pathogens still exists. In response, multiple efforts to develop recombinant versions of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, as an alternative to the plasma-derived protein, have been reported. Over the last two decades, various systems have been used to express the human gene for alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. This paper reviews the recombinant versions of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor produced in various hosts, considers current major safety and efficacy issues regarding recombinant glycoproteins as potential therapeutics, and the factors that are impeding progress in this area(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karnaukhova
- Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Jafari-Aghdam J, Khajeh K, Ranjbar B, Nemat-Gorgani M. Deglycosylation of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger: effects on structure, activity and stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1750:61-8. [PMID: 15886078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative structure-function study was performed to establish possible roles of carbohydrates in stabilization of glycoproteins, using glucoamylase (GA) as a model system. In addition to kinetic properties, stability toward elevated temperatures, extremes of pH, high salt concentrations together with circular dichroism, intrinsic/extrinsic fluorescence studies, proteolysis and affinity for interaction with hydrophobic ligands were investigated. Related to all the main properties examined, with one exception, glycosylation provided improvement in functional characteristics of the enzyme, especially in relation to its thermostability. Results are explained in terms of provision of stabilizing intermolecular interactions by the sugar molecules. The improvement in protein rigidity together with reduction of surface hydrophobicity appear to be especially important in relation to prevention of aggregation, an important mechanism of irreversible thermoinactivation, occurring at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jafari-Aghdam
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W. Protein aggregation and its inhibition in biopharmaceutics. Int J Pharm 2005; 289:1-30. [PMID: 15652195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is arguably the most common and troubling manifestation of protein instability, encountered in almost all stages of protein drug development. Protein aggregation, along with other physical and/or chemical instabilities of proteins, remains to be one of the major road barriers hindering rapid commercialization of potential protein drug candidates. Although a variety of methods have been used/designed to prevent/inhibit protein aggregation, the end results are often unsatisfactory for many proteins. The limited success is partly due to our lack of a clear understanding of the protein aggregation process. This article intends to discuss protein aggregation and its related mechanisms, methods characterizing protein aggregation, factors affecting protein aggregation, and possible venues in aggregation prevention/inhibition in various stages of protein drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biotechnology Division, Bayer HealthCare, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA.
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Abstract
A number of techniques, including RP-HPLC, HP-SEC and SDS-PAGE have been used in the delineation of degradative mechanisms of recombinant hybrid (BDBB) interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the solution phase. Different degradation profiles are found according to medium pH. At pH 4.0 the major routes of degradation are via chemical transformation of the monomeric protein to a species which retains antiviral activity, and by self-proteolytic hydrolysis. At pH 7.6, methionine-oxidation is the major chemical degradative process. Protein aggregation is also a significant route of degradation at the higher pH. The results have assisted in a targeted preformulation screen of potentially stabilising excipients and possible parenteral solution dosage forms have been identified. Preliminary 'real-time' storage data confirm excellent chemical and physical stability of IFN-alpha in vehicles formulated at pH 7.6 or, especially, pH 4.0 under the proposed shelf conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Allen
- Drug Preformulation and Delivery Department, Ciba Pharmaceuticals (now Novartis Horsham Research Centre), Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, UK
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Chen SX, Hammond DJ, Lang JM, Lebing WR. Purification of alpha1 Proteinase Inhibitor from Human Plasma Fraction IV-1 by Ion Exchange Chromatography. Vox Sang 1998. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1998.7440232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kwon KS, Yu MH. Effect of glycosylation on the stability of alpha1-antitrypsin toward urea denaturation and thermal deactivation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1335:265-72. [PMID: 9202189 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of glycosylation on the stability of human alpha1-antitrypsin were investigated. The transition midpoints in urea-induced equilibrium unfolding of a non-glycosylated recombinant, a yeast version of glycosylated, and human plasma alpha1-antitrypsin were 1.8 M, 2.2 M, and 2.5 M at 25 degrees C, respectively. Kinetic analyses of unfolding and refolding revealed that glycosylation retarded the unfolding without affecting the refolding rate significantly, suggesting that the stability increase is due to the stabilization of the native state as opposed to the destabilization of the unfolded state. In thermal deactivation, which is a heat-induced aggregation process, the unglycosylated recombinant alpha1-antitrypsin was deactivated most easily, which was followed in order by the yeast, and the plasma form. The results indicate that glycosylation confers the increase in stability of alpha1-antitrypsin, and that the oligomannose sugars present on the yeast form produce a less stable molecule than the complex type sugars on the plasma form. It appears that the effect of glycosylation on the enhancement of thermal resistance is exerted through the increase in conformational stability. However, a stable recombinant variant (Phe 51 --> Cys) that showed the same conformational stability as the plasma form was less resistant to thermal denaturation than the plasma alpha1-antitrypsin. The results suggest that the existence of carbohydrate moiety per se as well as the conformational stability contribute to the kinetic stability of alpha1-antitrypsin toward aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kwon
- Division of Protein Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Taejon, South Korea
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