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Liu F, Su R, Jiang X, Wang S, Mu W, Chang L. Advanced micro/nano-electroporation for gene therapy: recent advances and future outlook. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10500-10521. [PMID: 38757536 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising disease treatment approach by editing target genes, and thus plays a fundamental role in precision medicine. To ensure gene therapy efficacy, the effective delivery of therapeutic genes into specific cells is a key challenge. Electroporation utilizes short electric pulses to physically break the cell membrane barrier, allowing gene transfer into the cells. It dodges the off-target risks associated with viral vectors, and also stands out from other physical-based gene delivery methods with its high-throughput and cargo-accelerating features. In recent years, with the help of advanced micro/nanotechnology, micro/nanostructure-integrated electroporation (micro/nano-electroporation) techniques and devices have significantly improved cell viability, transfection efficiency and dose controllability of the electroporation strategy, enhancing its application practicality especially in vivo. This technical advancement makes micro/nano-electroporation an effective and versatile tool for gene therapy. In this review, we first introduce the evolution of electroporation technique with a brief explanation of the perforation mechanism, and then provide an overview of the recent advancements and prospects of micro/nano-electroporation technology in the field of gene therapy. To comprehensively showcase the latest developments of micro/nano-electroporation technology in gene therapy, we focus on discussing micro/nano-electroporation devices and current applications at both in vitro and in vivo levels. Additionally, we outline the ongoing clinical studies of gene electrotransfer (GET), revealing the tremendous potential of electroporation-based gene delivery in disease treatment and healthcare. Lastly, the challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rongtai Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinran Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Kawai MY, Yoshida T, Kato T, Watanabe T, Kashiwagi M, Yamanaka S, Yamamoto H, Nagahiro S, Iwamoto T, Masud K, Aoki K, Ohura K, Nakao K. bmp-2 Gene-Transferred Skeletal Muscles with Needle-Type Electrodes as Efficient and Reliable Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:880. [PMID: 38399131 PMCID: PMC10890310 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2) has a high potential to induce bone tissue formation in skeletal muscles. We developed a bone induction system in skeletal muscles using the bmp-2 gene through in vivo electroporation. Natural bone tissues with skeletal muscles can be considered potential candidates for biomaterials. However, our previous system using plate-type electrodes did not achieve a 100% success rate in inducing bone tissues in skeletal muscles. In this study, we aimed to enhance the efficiency of bone tissue formation in skeletal muscles by using a non-viral bmp-2 gene expression plasmid vector (pCAGGS-bmp-2) and needle-type electrodes. METHODS We injected the bmp-2 gene with pCAGGS-bmp-2 into the skeletal muscles of rats' legs and immediately placed needle-type electrodes there. Skeletal tissues were then observed on the 21st day after gene transfer using soft X-ray and histological analyses. RESULTS The use of needle-type electrodes resulted in a 100% success rate in inducing bone tissues in skeletal muscles. In contrast, the plate-type electrodes only exhibited a 33% success rate. Thus, needle-type electrodes can be more efficient and reliable for transferring the bmp-2 gene to skeletal muscles, making them potential biomaterials for repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yamamoto Kawai
- Department of Welfare, Kansai Women’s College, Osaka 582-0026, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Takuma Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Marina Kashiwagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Shigeki Yamanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Shigeki Nagahiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Khan Masud
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kiyoshi Ohura
- Department of Nursing, Taisei Gakuin University, Osaka 587-8555, Japan;
- Graduate School, Division of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Nakao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.K.); (T.W.); (M.K.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.N.)
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Sonam Chopra, Ruzgys P, Maciulevičius M, Šatkauskas S. Effect of Cell Passage Time on the Electrotransfection Efficiency. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020550014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are used to enable a number of modern devices, including mobile telecommunications infrastructure and phones, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. As radiofrequency EMFs at sufficiently high power levels can adversely affect health, ICNIRP published Guidelines in 1998 for human exposure to time-varying EMFs up to 300 GHz, which included the radiofrequency EMF spectrum. Since that time, there has been a considerable body of science further addressing the relation between radiofrequency EMFs and adverse health outcomes, as well as significant developments in the technologies that use radiofrequency EMFs. Accordingly, ICNIRP has updated the radiofrequency EMF part of the 1998 Guidelines. This document presents these revised Guidelines, which provide protection for humans from exposure to EMFs from 100 kHz to 300 GHz.
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Ghorbel A, Mir LM, García-Sánchez T. Conductive nanoparticles improve cell electropermeabilization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:495101. [PMID: 31422958 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3be9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conducive nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed to locally amplify the external electric field (EF) intensity at the cell surface to improve cell electroporation. To better understand the physical mechanisms behind this improvement, different types of NPs and several incubation conditions were applied to adherent cells in the present study. The enhancement of electroporation was observed in the presence of conductive NPs but not when non-conductive NPs were used. Experimental data demonstrate the influence of the incubation conditions between cells and NPs, which impact on the number and quality (aggregated or isolated) of the NPs surrounding the cells. While NPs can increase the number of electroporated cells, they have a more pronounced impact on the level permeabilization of each individual cell. Our results reveal the potential of conductive NPs to enhance the efficiency of electroporation via the amplification of the local EF at the cell surface as shown by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ghorbel
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université, Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Garcia-Sanchez T, Mercadal B, Polrot M, Muscat A, Sarnago H, Lucia O, Mir LM. Successful Tumor Electrochemotherapy Using Sine Waves. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:1040-1049. [PMID: 31329545 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2928645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work is to assess the ability of sine waves to perform electrochemotherapy (ECT) and to study the dependence of the frequency of the applied sine wave on the treatment efficacy. METHODS A subcutaneous tumor model in mice was used, and the electric field was delivered in combination with bleomycin. Sinusoidal electric fields of different frequencies, amplitudes, and durations were compared to square waves. Computer simulations were additionally performed. RESULTS The results confirmed the ability of a sinusoidal electric field to obtain successful ECT responses. A strong dependence on frequency was obtained. The efficacy of the treatment decreased when the frequency of the sine waves was increased. At low sinusoidal frequency, the efficacy of the treatment is very similar to that obtained with a square wave. The collateral effects such as skin burns and muscle contractions decreased for the highest frequency assayed. CONCLUSION The use of sine wave burst represents a feasible option for the treatment of cancer by ECT. SIGNIFICANCE These results could have important implications for the treatment of cancer in the clinical world where ECT is performed with dc square pulses.
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Application of non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field to EGCG treatment synergistically enhanced the inhibition effect on PANC-1 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188885. [PMID: 29186186 PMCID: PMC5706709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies for pancreatic cancer are usually expensive and likely to cause side effects, and most patients have the risk of recurrence and suffering pain. Here, we investigated combination treatment of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and non-invasive low strength pulsed electric field (PEF) on the human pancreatic cell line PANC-1. Cells were cultured in various concentrations of EGCG and exposed to trains of PEF. The results showed that the low strength PEF alone or single treatment with low concentration of EGCG did not obviously affect the cell proliferation and migration in PANC-1. However, the EGCG-induced inhibitions of cell viability and migration ability in PANC-1 were dramatically enhanced by the further exposure of low strength PEF (60 V/cm). In particular, the same combination treatment caused less inhibition of cell viability in non-malignant HEK293 cells. We also found the combination treatment significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein and increased caspase activity in PANC-1 cells, resulting in the promotion of apoptotic responses, evidenced by chromatin condensation. The findings of the present study reveal the synergistic reactions in the combination treatment may severely disturb mitochondria, enhance the intrinsic pathway transduction, and effectively induce apoptosis; moreover, the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cancer cells were also significantly suppressed. Since normal cells are less sensitive to this combination treatment, and the non-invasive PEF could be modified to focus on a specific location, this treatment may serve as a promising method for anti-cancer therapy.
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Cell Membrane Electropulsation: Chemical Analysis of Cell Membrane Modifications and Associated Transport Mechanisms. TRANSPORT ACROSS NATURAL AND MODIFIED BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY 2017; 227:59-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Edelblute CM, Heller LC, Malik MA, Bulysheva A, Heller R. Plasma-activated air mediates plasmid DNA delivery in vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16028. [PMID: 27110584 PMCID: PMC4830379 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-activated air (PAA) provides a noncontact DNA transfer platform. In the current study, PAA was used for the delivery of plasmid DNA in a 3D human skin model, as well as in vivo. Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding luciferase to recellularized dermal constructs was enhanced, resulting in a fourfold increase in luciferase expression over 120 hours compared to injection only (P < 0.05). Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was confirmed in the epidermal layers of the construct. In vivo experiments were performed in BALB/c mice, with skin as the delivery target. PAA exposure significantly enhanced luciferase expression levels 460-fold in exposed sites compared to levels obtained from the injection of plasmid DNA alone (P < 0.001). Expression levels were enhanced when the plasma reactor was positioned more distant from the injection site. Delivery of plasmid DNA encoding GFP to mouse skin was confirmed by immunostaining, where a 3-minute exposure at a 10 mm distance displayed delivery distribution deep within the dermal layers compared to an exposure at 3 mm where GFP expression was localized within the epidermis. Our findings suggest PAA-mediated delivery warrants further exploration as an alternative approach for DNA transfer for skin targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Department of Biology, College of Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Loree C Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Muhammad A Malik
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Anna Bulysheva
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Kulbacka J. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) impact and enhanced Photofrin II® delivery in photodynamic reaction in cancer and normal cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:621-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cadossi R, Ronchetti M, Cadossi M. Locally enhanced chemotherapy by electroporation: clinical experiences and perspective of use of electrochemotherapy. Future Oncol 2014; 10:877-90. [PMID: 24799067 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is used to enhance drug diffusion and gene delivery into the cytosol. The combination of electroporation and cytotoxic drugs, electrochemotherapy (ECT), is used to treat metastatic tumor nodules located at the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The objective response rate following a single session of treatment exceeds 80%, with minimal toxicity for the patients. The efficacy of ECT in the bone and visceral metastasis is currently investigated, and Phase II studies have been completed. ECT has been used to treat skin primary tumors, except melanoma, and is under investigation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Early evidence suggests that treatment of tumor nodules with ECT recruits components of the immune system and eliciting a systemic immune response against cancer is a challenging clinical perspective. Considering the proven safety in several different clinical applications electroporation should be viewed as a clinical platform technology with wide perspectives for use in ECT, gene therapy and DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Cadossi
- Clinical Research, IGEA SpA, Via Parmenide 10/A, Carpi, Italy
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Phillips M, Rubinsky L, Meir A, Raju N, Rubinsky B. Combining Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014; 14:395-410. [PMID: 25416745 DOI: 10.1177/1533034614560102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytic ablation is a method that operates by delivering low magnitude direct current to the target region over long periods of time, generating electrolytic products that destroy cells. This study was designed to explore the hypothesis stating that electrolytic ablation can be made more effective when the electrolysis-producing electric charges are delivered using electric pulses with field strength typical in reversible electroporation protocols. (For brevity we will refer to tissue ablation protocols that combine electroporation and electrolysis as E(2).) The mechanistic explanation of this hypothesis is related to the idea that products of electrolysis generated by E(2) protocols can gain access to the interior of the cell through the electroporation permeabilized cell membrane and therefore cause more effective cell death than from the exterior of an intact cell. The goal of this study is to provide a first-order examination of this hypothesis by comparing the charge dosage required to cause a comparable level of damage to a rat liver, in vivo, when using either conventional electrolysis or E(2) approaches. Our results show that E(2) protocols produce tissue damage that is consistent with electrolytic ablation. Furthermore, E(2) protocols cause damage comparable to that produced by conventional electrolytic protocols while delivering orders of magnitude less charge to the target tissue over much shorter periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Phillips
- Department of Engineering, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Liel Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arie Meir
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Narayan Raju
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Inc, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Jourabchi N, Beroukhim K, Tafti BA, Kee ST, Lee EW. Irreversible electroporation (NanoKnife) in cancer treatment. GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gii.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang J, Guo J, Wu S, Feng H, Sun S, Pan J, Zhang J, Beebe SJ. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields combined with low concentration of gemcitabine on human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43213. [PMID: 22927951 PMCID: PMC3426536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer often involves uses of multiple therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action. In this study we investigated combinations of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) with low concentrations of gemcitabine on human oral cancer cells. Cells (Cal-27) were treated with pulse parameters (20 pulses, 100 ns in duration, intensities of 10, 30 and 60 kV/cm) and then cultured in medium with 0.01 µg/ml gemcitabine. Proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis, invasion and morphology of those cells were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, clonogenics, transwell migration and TEM assay. Results show that combination treatments of gemcitabine and nsPEFs exhibited significant synergistic activities versus individual treatments for inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and necrosis. However, there was no apparent synergism for cell invasion. By this we demonstrated synergistic inhibition of Cal-27 cells in vitro by nsPEFs and gemcitabine. Synergistic behavior indicates that these two treatments have different sites of action and combination treatment allows reduced doses of gemcitabine and lower nsPEF conditions, which may provide better treatment for patients than either treatment alone while reducing systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqing Feng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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Hai A, Spira ME. On-chip electroporation, membrane repair dynamics and transient in-cell recordings by arrays of gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2865-73. [PMID: 22678065 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of on-chip gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμEs) to generate localized electropores in the plasma membrane of adhering cultured neurons and to electrophysiologically monitor the ensuing membrane repair dynamics. Delivery of an alternating voltage pulse (0.5-1 V, 100 Hz, 300 ms) through an extracellularly positioned micrometer-sized gMμE electroporates the patch of plasma membrane facing the microelectrode. The repair dynamics of the electropores were analyzed by continuous monitoring of the neuron transmembrane potential, input resistance (R(in)) and action potential (AP) amplitude with an intracellular microelectrode and a number of neighbouring extracellular gMμEs. Electroporation by a gMμE is associated with local elevation of the free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) around the gMμE. The membrane repair kinetics proceeds as an exponential process interrupted by abrupt recovery steps. These abrupt events are consistent with the "membrane patch model" of membrane repair in which patches of intracellular membrane fuse with the plasma membrane at the site of injury. Membrane electroporation by a single gMμE generates a neuron-gMμE configuration that permits recordings of attenuated intracellular action potentials. We conclude that the use of on-chip cultured neurons via a gMμE configuration provides a unique neuroelectronic interface that enables the selection of individual cells for electroporation, generates a confined electroporated membrane patch, monitors membrane repair dynamics and records attenuated intracellular action potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Hai
- Department of Neurobiology the Life Sciences Institute, and the Harvey M. Kruger Family center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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BMP-2 gene transfer under various conditions with in vivo electroporation and bone induction. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Suprachoroidal electrotransfer: a nonviral gene delivery method to transfect the choroid and the retina without detaching the retina. Mol Ther 2012; 20:1559-70. [PMID: 22252448 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) targeting remains challenging in ocular gene therapy. Viral gene transfer, the only method having reached clinical evaluation, still raises safety concerns when administered via subretinal injections. We have developed a novel transfection method in the adult rat, called suprachoroidal electrotransfer (ET), combining the administration of nonviral plasmid DNA into the suprachoroidal space with the application of an electrical field. Optimization of injection, electrical parameters and external electrodes geometry using a reporter plasmid, resulted in a large area of transfected tissues. Not only choroidal cells but also RPE, and potentially photoreceptors, were efficiently transduced for at least a month when using a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. No ocular complications were recorded by angiographic, electroretinographic, and histological analyses, demonstrating that under selected conditions the procedure is devoid of side effects on the retina or the vasculature integrity. Moreover, a significant inhibition of laser induced-choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was achieved 15 days after transfection of a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1)-encoding plasmid. This is the first nonviral gene transfer technique that is efficient for RPE targeting without inducing retinal detachment. This novel minimally invasive nonviral gene therapy method may open new prospects for human retinal therapies.
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Wu YH, Arnaud-Cormos D, Casciola M, Sanders JM, Leveque P, Vernier PT. Versatile broadband electrode assembly for cell electroporation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2012:2563-2566. [PMID: 23366448 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a versatile electrode assembly for cell electroporation is proposed. For validation of the delivery system, biological cell electroporation experiments using 2.5 ns and 5 ns, 10 MV/m pulsed electric fields have been conducted. Electromagnetic, time domain, and frequency analyses demonstrate the broadband behavior of the delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, VsOE, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Quaglino E, Riccardo F, Macagno M, Bandini S, Cojoca R, Ercole E, Amici A, Cavallo F. Chimeric DNA Vaccines against ErbB2+ Carcinomas: From Mice to Humans. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3225-41. [PMID: 24212954 PMCID: PMC3759195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination exploits a relatively simple and flexible technique to generate an immune response against microbial and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Its effectiveness is enhanced by the application of an electrical shock in the area of plasmid injection (electroporation). In our studies we exploited a sophisticated electroporation device approved for clinical use (Cliniporator, IGEA, Carpi, Italy). As the target antigen is an additional factor that dramatically modulates the efficacy of a vaccine, we selected ErbB2 receptor as a target since it is an ideal oncoantigen. It is overexpressed on the cell membrane by several carcinomas for which it plays an essential role in driving their progression. Most oncoantigens are self-tolerated molecules. To circumvent immune tolerance we generated two plasmids (RHuT and HuRT) coding for chimeric rat/human ErbB2 proteins. Their immunogenicity was compared in wild type mice naturally tolerant for mouse ErbB2, and in transgenic mice that are also tolerant for rat or human ErbB2. In several of these mice, RHuT and HuRT elicited a stronger anti-tumor response than plasmids coding for fully human or fully rat ErbB2. The ability of heterologous moiety to blunt immune tolerance could be exploited to elicit a significant immune response in patients. A clinical trial to delay the recurrence of ErbB2+ carcinomas of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx is awaiting the approval of the Italian authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Quaglino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Marco Macagno
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Silvio Bandini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Rodica Cojoca
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Elisabetta Ercole
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (E.Q.); (F.R.); (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; E-Mail:
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Liu L, Johnson C, Fujimura S, Teque F, Levy JA. Transfection optimization for primary human CD8+ cells. J Immunol Methods 2011; 372:22-9. [PMID: 21777592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation, a non-virus-mediated gene transfection method, has traditionally had poor outcomes with low gene transfection efficiency and poor cellular viability, particularly in primary human lymphocytes. Herein we have optimized the electroporation conditions for primary CD8+ cells resulting in a maximum rate of 81.3%, and a mean transfection efficiency of 59.6%. After removal of dead cells, the viability of transfected primary CD8+ cells was greater than 90%, similar to untransfected controls. Using this procedure, primary human CD8+ cells transfected with an interferon α8 plasmid produced fluids that inhibited HIV-1 replication by > 95%. This transfection protocol is useful for transfection of other primary blood cells, such as CD4+ T cells, and for studying the function of genes in primary human blood cells instead of cell lines. The transfection procedure also has potential application in gene therapy clinical trials to treat diseases utilizing transfected primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxing Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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Current status of pharmaceutical and genetic therapeutic approaches to treat DMD. Mol Ther 2011; 19:830-40. [PMID: 21468001 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease affecting about one in every 3,500 boys. This X-linked pathology is due to the absence of dystrophin in muscle fibers. This lack of dystrophin leads to the progressive muscle degeneration that is often responsible for the death of the DMD patients during the third decade of their life. There are currently no curative treatments for this disease but different therapeutic approaches are being studied. Gene therapy consists of introducing a transgene coding for full-length or a truncated version of dystrophin complementary DNA (cDNA) in muscles, whereas pharmaceutical therapy includes the use of chemical/biochemical substances to restore dystrophin expression or alleviate the DMD phenotype. Over the past years, many potential drugs were explored. This led to several clinical trials for gentamicin and ataluren (PTC124) allowing stop codon read-through. An alternative approach is to induce the expression of an internally deleted, partially functional dystrophin protein through exon skipping. The vectors and the methods used in gene therapy have been continually improving in order to obtain greater encapsidation capacity and better transduction efficiency. The most promising experimental approaches using pharmaceutical and gene therapies are reviewed in this article.
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22
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Pichavant C, Chapdelaine P, Cerri DG, Bizario JCS, Tremblay JP. Electrotransfer of the full-length dog dystrophin into mouse and dystrophic dog muscles. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 21:1591-601. [PMID: 20553115 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by the absence of dystrophin (427 kDa). An approach to eventually restore this protein in patients with DMD is to introduce into their muscles a plasmid encoding dystrophin cDNA. Because the phenotype of the dystrophic dog is closer to the human phenotype than is the mdx mouse phenotype, we have studied the electrotransfer of a plasmid carrying the full-length dog dystrophin (FLDYS(dog)) in dystrophic dog muscle. To achieve this nonviral delivery, the FLDYS(dog) cDNA was cloned in two plasmids containing either a cytomegalovirus or a muscle creatine kinase promoter. In both cases, our results showed that the electrotransfer of these large plasmids (∼17 kb) into mouse muscle allowed FLDYS(dog) expression in the treated muscle. The electrotransfer of pCMV.FLDYS(dog) in a dystrophic dog muscle also led to the expression of dystrophin. In conclusion, introduction of the full-length dog dystrophin cDNA by electrotransfer into dystrophic dog muscle is a potential approach to restore dystrophin in patients with DMD. However, the electrotransfer procedure should be improved before applying it to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pichavant
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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23
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Touchard E, Kowalczuk L, Bloquel C, Naud MC, Bigey P, Behar-Cohen F. The ciliary smooth muscle electrotransfer: basic principles and potential for sustained intraocular production of therapeutic proteins. J Gene Med 2010; 12:904-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
The success of any gene transfer procedure, either through in vivo inoculation of the genetic material or after gene transfer into the patient’s cells ex vivo, strictly depends upon the efficiency of nucleic acid internalization by the target cells. As a matter of fact, making gene transfer more efficient continues to represent the most relevant challenge to the clinical success of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacca
- grid.425196.d0000000417594810International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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25
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Rao RR, He J, Leach JK. Biomineralized composite substrates increase gene expression with nonviral delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:344-54. [PMID: 20186740 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to enhance gene transfer have focused on the development of vectors to increase the efficiency of DNA delivery. However, the extracellular matrix and microenvironment have a profound impact on numerous cellular activities including spreading and proliferation; two processes that have been associated with gene transfer efficiency. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the presence of a biomineralized coating on biodegradable substrates would affect transgene expression following nonviral gene delivery. Thin films were prepared from polymeric microspheres, while biomineralized films were fabricated from microspheres previously soaked in modified simulated body fluid. Mineralized films were significantly more rigid and had widespread mineral coverage compared with nonmineralized substrates. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on biomineralized or nonmineralized films and transfected with plasmid DNA condensed with linear polyethyleneimine (PEI). Compared with cells transfected on nonmineralized films, increases in gene expression were detected in the presence of biomineral at all charge ratios examined. We observed increased uptake of both PEI and DNA by cells on mineralized films. The results of these studies offer an approach to modulate gene delivery and improve the potential benefit of nonviral gene delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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26
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Driver EC, Kelley MW. Transfection of mouse cochlear explants by electroporation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; Chapter 4:Unit 4.34.1-10. [PMID: 20373505 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0434s51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sensory epithelium of the mammalian inner ear, also referred to as the organ of Corti, is a remarkable structure comprised of highly ordered rows of mechanosensory hair cells and non-sensory supporting cells located within the coiled cochlea. This unit describes an in vitro explant culture technique that can be coupled with gene transfer via electroporation to study the effects of altering gene expression during development of the organ of Corti. While the protocol is largely focused on embryonic cochlea, the same basic protocol can be used on cochleae from mice as old as P5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Driver
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Reed SD, Fulmer A, Buckholz J, Zhang B, Cutrera J, Shiomitsu K, Li S. Bleomycin/interleukin-12 electrochemogenetherapy for treating naturally occurring spontaneous neoplasms in dogs. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:571-8. [PMID: 20414325 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of superior outcomes from electrochemogenetherapy (ECGT) compared with electrochemotherapy in mice, we determined the efficacy of ECGT applied to spontaneous canine neoplasms. Intralesional bleomycin (BLM) and feline interleukin-12 DNA injection combined with translesional electroporation resulted in complete cure of two recurrent World Health Organization stage T(2b)N(0)M(0) oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and one T(2)N(0)M(0) acanthomatous ameloblastoma. Three remaining dogs, which had no other treatment options, had partial responses to ECGT; one had mandibular T(3b)N(2b)M(1) melanoma with pulmonary and lymph node metastases; one had cubital T(3)N(0)M(1) histiocytic sarcoma with spleen metastases; and one had soft palate T(3)N(0)M(0) fibrosarcoma. The melanoma dog had decrease in the size of the primary tumor before recrudescence and euthanasia. The histiocytic sarcoma dog had resolution of the primary tumor, but was euthanized because of metastases 4 months after the only treatment. The dog with T(3)N(0)M(0) fibrosarcoma had tumor regression with recrudescence. Treatment was associated with minimal side effects and was easy to perform, was associated with repair of bone lysis in cured dogs, improved quality of life for dogs with partial responses and extended overall survival time. ECGT seems to be a safe and resulted in complete responses in SCC and acanthomatous ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Reed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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28
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Faurie C, Rebersek M, Golzio M, Kanduser M, Escoffre JM, Pavlin M, Teissie J, Miklavcic D, Rols MP. Electro-mediated gene transfer and expression are controlled by the life-time of DNA/membrane complex formation. J Gene Med 2010; 12:117-25. [PMID: 19941315 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroporation is a physical method used to transfer molecules into cells and tissues. Clinical applications have been developed for antitumor drug delivery. Clinical trials of gene electrotransfer are under investigation. However, knowledge about how DNA enters cells is not complete. By contrast to small molecules that have direct access to the cytoplasm, DNA forms a long lived complex with the plasma membrane and is transferred into the cytoplasm with a considerable delay. METHODS To increase our understanding of the key step of DNA/membrane complex formation, we investigated the dependence of DNA/membrane interaction and gene expression on electric pulse polarity and repetition frequency. RESULTS We observed that both are affected by reversing the polarity and by increasing the repetition frequency of pulses. The results obtained in the present study reveal the existence of two classes of DNA/membrane interaction: (i) a metastable DNA/membrane complex from which DNA can leave and return to external medium and (ii) a stable DNA/membrane complex, where DNA cannot be removed, even by applying electric pulses of reversed polarity. Only DNA belonging to the second class leads to effective gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The life-time of DNA/membrane complex formation is of the order of 1 s and has to be taken into account to improve protocols of electro-mediated gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Faurie
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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29
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Reed SD, Fulmer A, Buckholz J, Zhang B, Cutrera J, Shiomitsu K, Li S. Bleomycin/interleukin-12 electrochemogene therapy for treating naturally occurring spontaneous neoplasms in dogs. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:457-64. [PMID: 20150931 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of superior outcomes from electrochemogene therapy (ECGT) compared with electrochemotherapy in mice, we determined the efficacy of ECGT applied to spontaneous canine neoplasms. Intralesional bleomycin and feline interleukin-12 DNA (fIL-12 DNA) injection combined with translesional electroporation resulted in complete cure of two recurrent World Health Organization stage T(2b)N(0)M(0) oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and one T(2)N(0)M(0) acanthomatous ameloblastoma. Three remaining dogs, which had no other treatment options, had partial responses to ECGT; one had mandibular T(3b)N(2b)M(1) melanoma with pulmonary and lymph node metastases; one had cubital T(3)N(0)M(1) histiocytic sarcoma with spleen metastases; and one had soft palate T(3)N(0)M(0) fibrosarcoma. The melanoma dog had decrease in size of the primary tumor before recrudescence and euthanasia. The histiocytic sarcoma dog had resolution of the primary tumor, but was euthanized because of metastases 4 months after the only treatment. The dog with T(3)N(0)M(0) fibrosarcoma had tumor regression with recrudescence. Treatment was associated with minimal side effects and was easy to perform. It was associated with repair of bone lysis in cured dogs, it improved quality of life of dogs with partial responses and extended overall survival time. ECGT seems to be a safe and resulted in complete responses in SCC and acanthomatous ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Reed
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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30
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Oosterhuis K, van den Berg JH, Schumacher TN, Haanen JBAG. DNA vaccines and intradermal vaccination by DNA tattooing. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 351:221-50. [PMID: 21107792 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, DNA vaccination has been developed as a method for the induction of immune responses. However, in spite of high expectations based on their efficacy in preclinical models, immunogenicity of first generation DNA vaccines in clinical trials was shown to be poor, and no DNA vaccines have yet been licensed for human use. In recent years significant progress has been made in the development of second generation DNA vaccines and DNA vaccine delivery methods. Here we review the key characteristics of DNA vaccines as compared to other vaccine platforms, and recent insights into the prerequisites for induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines will be discussed. We illustrate the development of second generation DNA vaccines with the description of DNA tattooing as a novel DNA delivery method. This technique has shown great promise both in a small animal model and in non-human primates and is currently under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oosterhuis
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Wells DJ. Electroporation and ultrasound enhanced non-viral gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009; 26:21-8. [PMID: 19949971 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral vectors are less efficient than the use of viral vectors for delivery of genetic material to cells in vitro and especially in vivo. However, viral vectors involve the use of foreign proteins that can stimulate both the innate and acquired immune response. In contrast, plasmid DNA can be delivered without carrier proteins and is non-immunogenic. Plasmid gene delivery can be enhanced by the use of physical methods that aid the passage of the plasmid through the cell membrane. Electroporation and microbubble-enhanced ultrasound are two of the most effective physical delivery methods and these can be applied to a range of different cell types in vitro and a broad range of tissues in vivo. Both techniques also have the advantage that, unlike viral vectors, they can be used to target specific tissues with systemic delivery. Although electroporation is often the more efficient of the two, microbubble-enhanced ultrasound causes less damage and is less invasive. This review provides an introduction to the methodology and summarises the range of cells and tissues that have been genetically modified using these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Wells
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK.
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32
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Kawai M, Maruyama H, Bessho K, Yamamoto H, Miyazaki JI, Yamamoto T. Simple strategy for bone regeneration with a BMP-2/7 gene expression cassette vector. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:1012-7. [PMID: 19854156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is one of the most promising candidates for bone regeneration therapy. Heterodimers of BMP family proteins, such as BMP-2/4 or BMP-2/7, are well known to have stronger osteoinduction activity than BMP homodimers. Here, we constructed a double gene cassette vector encoding BMP-2 and BMP-7, pCAGGS-BMP-2/7, and examined its potential for osteoinduction in vitro and in vivo. Expression of the pCAGGS-BMP-2/7 vector induced osteogenic differentiation in various cell lines with the same efficiency as BMP-2 and BMP-7 co-expressed from separate vectors. Moreover, the pCAGGS-BMP-2/7 vector strongly induced bone formation in rat skeletal muscle when introduced by in vivo electroporation, compared with BMP-2 or BMP-7 alone. Thus, our BMP-2/7 double gene cassette vector, or some variation of it, may be applicable for the future clinical induction of bone formation, because it does not require multiple vectors or complicated preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kawai
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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33
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Wang M, Orwar O, Weber SG. Single-cell transfection by electroporation using an electrolyte/plasmid-filled capillary. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4060-7. [PMID: 19351139 DOI: 10.1021/ac900265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell transfection of adherent cells has been accomplished using single-cell electroporation (SCEP) with a pulled capillary. HEPES-buffered physiological saline solution containing pEGFP plasmid at a low concentration (0.16 approximately 0.78 microg/microL) filled a 15 cm long capillary with a tip opening of 2 microm. The electric field is applied to individual cells by bringing the tip close to the cell and subsequently applying one or two brief electric pulses. Many individual cells can thus be transfected with a small volume of plasmid-containing solution (approximately 1 microL). The extent of electroporation is determined by measuring the percentage loss of freely diffusing thiols (chiefly reduced glutathione) that have been derivatized with the fluorogenic ThioGlo 1. A mass transport model is used to fit the time-dependent fluorescence intensity decay in the target cells. The fits, which are excellent, yield the electroporation-induced fluorescence loss at steady state and the mass transfer rate through the electroporated cell membrane. Steady-state fluorescence loss ranged approximately from 0 to about 80% (based on the fluorescence intensity before electroporation). For the cells having a loss of thiol-ThioGlo 1 fluorescence intensity greater than 10% and mass transfer rate greater than 0.03 s(-1), EGFP fluorescence is observed after 24 h. The EGFP fluorescence is increased at 48 h. With a loss smaller than 10% and a mass transfer rate smaller than 0.03 s(-1), no EGFP fluorescence is detected. Thus, transfection success is closely related to the small molecule mass transport dynamics as indicated by the loss of fluorescence from thiol-ThioGlo 1 conjugates. The EGFP expression is weaker than bulk lipid-mediated transfection, as indicated by the EGFP fluorescence intensities. However, the success with the single-cell approach is considerably greater than lipid-mediated transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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34
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Gonçalves C, Ardourel MY, Decoville M, Breuzard G, Midoux P, Hartmann B, Pichon C. An optimized extended DNA kappa B site that enhances plasmid DNA nuclear import and gene expression. J Gene Med 2009; 11:401-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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35
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Lee WG, Demirci U, Khademhosseini A. Microscale electroporation: challenges and perspectives for clinical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:242-51. [PMID: 20023735 DOI: 10.1039/b819201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscale engineering plays a significant role in developing tools for biological applications by miniaturizing devices and providing controllable microenvironments for in vitro cell research. Miniaturized devices offer numerous benefits in comparison to their macroscale counterparts, such as lower use of expensive reagents, biomimetic environments, and the ability to manipulate single cells. Microscale electroporation is one of the main beneficiaries of microscale engineering as it provides spatial and temporal control of various electrical parameters. Microscale electroporation devices can be used to reduce limitations associated with the conventional electroporation approaches such as variations in the local pH, electric field distortion, sample contamination, and the difficulties in transfecting and maintaining the viability of desired cell types. Here, we present an overview of recent advances of the microscale electroporation methods and their applications in biology, as well as current challenges for its use for clinical applications. We categorize microscale electroporation into microchannel and microcapillary electroporation. Microchannel-based electroporation can be used for transfecting cells within microchannels under dynamic flow conditions in a controlled and high-throughput fashion. In contrast, microcapillary-based electroporation can be used for transfecting cells within controlled reaction chambers under static flow conditions. Using these categories we examine the use of microscale electroporation for clinical applications related to HIV-1, stem cells, cancer and other diseases and discuss the challenges in further advancing this technology for use in clinical medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Gu Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Escoffre JM, Portet T, Wasungu L, Teissié J, Dean D, Rols MP. What is (still not) known of the mechanism by which electroporation mediates gene transfer and expression in cells and tissues. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 41:286-95. [PMID: 19016008 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes can be transiently permeabilized under application of electric pulses. This treatment allows hydrophilic therapeutic molecules, such as anticancer drugs and DNA, to enter into cells and tissues. This process, called electropermeabilization or electroporation, has been rapidly developed over the last decade to deliver genes to tissues and organs, but there is a general agreement that very little is known about what is really occurring during membrane electropermeabilization. It is well accepted that the entry of small molecules, such as anticancer drugs, occurs mostly through simple diffusion after the pulse while the entry of macromolecules, such as DNA, occurs through a multistep mechanism involving the electrophoretically driven interaction of the DNA molecule with the destabilized membrane during the pulse and then its passage across the membrane. Therefore, successful DNA electrotransfer into cells depends not only on cell permeabilization but also on the way plasmid DNA interacts with the plasma membrane and, once into the cytoplasm, migrates towards the nucleus. The focus of this review is to describe the different aspects of what is known of the mechanism of membrane permeabilization and associated gene transfer and, by doing so, what are the actual limits of the DNA delivery into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Escoffre
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205, Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
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37
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Chiarella P, Massi E, De Robertis M, Sibilio A, Parrella P, Fazio VM, Signori E. Electroporation of skeletal muscle induces danger signal release and antigen-presenting cell recruitment independently of DNA vaccine administration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1645-57. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.11.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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