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Abstract
Primary human bone marrow adipocytes (BM-Ads) display a specific metabolism that is not recapitulated by in vitro differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. These findings highlight the need for using primary BM-Ads in studies of the metabolic impact of BM-Ads on surrounding cells. Here, we present a protocol for isolating human BM-Ads from bone marrow aspirates and verifying adipocyte suspension purity. These isolated and purified BM-Ads can be used for functional assays or frozen for molecular analyses. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Attane et al. (2020). Isolation of human bone marrow adipocytes (BM-Ads) from femoral cavity Purification of BM-Ads to eliminate contaminant cells Validation of BM-Ad quality and suspension purity with immunofluorescence imaging
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Jacobsen MJ, Havgaard JH, Anthon C, Mentzel CMJ, Cirera S, Krogh PM, Pundhir S, Karlskov-Mortensen P, Bruun CS, Lesnik P, Guerin M, Gorodkin J, Jørgensen CB, Fredholm M, Barrès R. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Pure Adipocyte Fractions From Obese Pigs Identifies Candidate Pathways Controlling Metabolism. Front Genet 2019; 10:1268. [PMID: 31921306 PMCID: PMC6927937 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of adipocyte function in obesity is implicated in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Here, we used the pig, an animal model sharing many physiological and pathophysiological similarities with humans, to perform in-depth epigenomic and transcriptomic characterization of pure adipocyte fractions. Using a combined DNA methylation capture sequencing and Reduced Representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) strategy in 11 lean and 12 obese pigs, we identified in 3529 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located at close proximity to-, or within genes in the adipocytes. By sequencing of the transcriptome from the same fraction of isolated adipocytes, we identified 276 differentially expressed transcripts with at least one or more DMR. These transcripts were over-represented in gene pathways related to MAPK, metabolic and insulin signaling. Using a candidate gene approach, we further characterized 13 genes potentially regulated by DNA methylation and identified putative transcription factor binding sites that could be affected by the differential methylation in obesity. Our data constitute a valuable resource for further investigations aiming to delineate the epigenetic etiology of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Juul Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob H Havgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Anthon
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline M Junker Mentzel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poula Maltha Krogh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla S Bruun
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus B Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Estève D, Boulet N, Volat F, Zakaroff-Girard A, Ledoux S, Coupaye M, Decaunes P, Belles C, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Iacovoni JS, Rémaury A, Castel B, Ferrara P, Heymes C, Lafontan M, Bouloumié A, Galitzky J. Human white and brite adipogenesis is supported by MSCA1 and is impaired by immune cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1277-91. [PMID: 25523907 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. Although brite adipocytes have been shown to ameliorate metabolic parameters in rodents, their origin and differentiation remain to be characterized in humans. Native CD45-/CD34+/CD31- cells have been previously described as human adipocyte progenitors. Using two additional cell surface markers, MSCA1 (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) and CD271 (nerve growth factor receptor), we are able to partition the CD45-/CD34+/CD31- cell population into three subsets. We establish serum-free culture conditions without cell expansion to promote either white/brite adipogenesis using rosiglitazone, or bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), or specifically brite adipogenesis using 3-isobuthyl-1-methylxanthine. We demonstrate that adipogenesis leads to an increase of MSCA1 activity, expression of white/brite adipocyte-related genes, and mitochondriogenesis. Using pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing approaches, we show that MSCA1 activity is required for triglyceride accumulation and for the expression of white/brite-related genes in human cells. Moreover, native immunoselected MSCA1+ cells exhibit brite precursor characteristics and the highest adipogenic potential of the three progenitor subsets. Finally, we provided evidence that MSCA1+ white/brite precursors accumulate with obesity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT), and that local BMP7 and inflammation regulate brite adipogenesis by modulating MSCA1 in human sAT. The accumulation of MSCA1+ white/brite precursors in sAT with obesity may reveal a blockade of their differentiation by immune cells, suggesting that local inflammation contributes to metabolic disorders through impairment of white/brite adipogenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:1277-1291.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Estève
- Inserm, UMR1048, Team 1, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, BP84225, Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Paul Sabatier University, 118, Route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Jacobsen MJ, Mentzel CMJ, Olesen AS, Huby T, Jørgensen CB, Barrès R, Fredholm M, Simar D. Altered Methylation Profile of Lymphocytes Is Concordant with Perturbation of Lipids Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in Obesity. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8539057. [PMID: 26798656 PMCID: PMC4698937 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8539057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with immunological perturbations that contribute to insulin resistance. Epigenetic mechanisms can control immune functions and have been linked to metabolic complications, although their contribution to insulin resistance still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the link between metabolic dysfunction and immune alterations with the epigenetic signature in leukocytes in a porcine model of obesity. Global DNA methylation of circulating leukocytes, adipose tissue leukocyte trafficking, and macrophage polarisation were established by flow cytometry. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic function were further characterised by quantification of metabolites and expression levels of genes associated with obesity and inflammation. Here we show that obese pigs showed bigger visceral fat pads, higher levels of circulating LDL cholesterol, and impaired glucose tolerance. These changes coincided with impaired metabolism, sustained macrophages infiltration, and increased inflammation in the adipose tissue. Those immune alterations were linked to global DNA hypermethylation in both B-cells and T-cells. Our results provide novel insight into the possible contribution of immune cell epigenetics into the immunological disturbances observed in obesity. The dramatic changes in the transcriptomic and epigenetic signature of circulating lymphocytes reinforce the concept that epigenetic processes participate in the increased immune cell activation and impaired metabolic functions in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette J. Jacobsen
- Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Caroline M. Junker Mentzel
- Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ann Sofie Olesen
- Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR_S 1166, Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis Team, 75013 Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claus B. Jørgensen
- Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Merete Fredholm: and
| | - David Simar
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- *David Simar:
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Lorente-Cebrián S, Decaunes P, Dungner E, Bouloumié A, Arner P, Dahlman I. Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) is a new human adipokine involved in adipose inflammation in obese women. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:54. [PMID: 24267103 PMCID: PMC4175115 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) is a putative obesity gene. Our aim was to examine the expression of AIF-1 in human white adipose tissue (WAT) in relation to obesity and metabolic phenotypes in women. METHODS WAT secretion of AIF-1 was determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue pieces in vitro by ELISA from 5 subjects. mRNA expression of AIF-1 was determined by RT-qPCR in the isolated cell fractions of adipose tissue (n = 5-6 per group), in subcutaneous and visceral WAT pieces from non-obese (n = 12) and obese women (n = 23), and in some subcutaneous WAT also before and after weight reduction (n = 10). Finally, adipose AIF-1 mRNA was related to metabolic phenotypes in 96 subjects with a wide range of BMI. RESULTS AIF-1 was secreted in a time dependent fashion from WAT. The major source of AIF-1 was WAT resident macrophages. Expression of AIF-1 was similar in visceral and subcutaneous WAT and was two-fold increased in obese women (P < 0.01). AIF-1 mRNA expression levels were normalized after weight reduction (P < 0.01). Expression of AIF-1 was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity as assessed by insulin tolerance test (KITT), and circulating levels of adiponectin (P = 0.02), and positively correlated with insulin resistance as estimated by HOMA (=0.0042). CONCLUSIONS AIF-1 is a novel adipokine produced mainly by macrophages within human WAT. Its expression is increased in obese women and associates with unfavourable metabolic phenotypes. AIF-1 may play a paracrine role in the regulation of WAT function through cross-talk between macrophages and other cell types within the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauline Decaunes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut des maladies cardiovasculaires et métaboliques, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Dungner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut des maladies cardiovasculaires et métaboliques, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mejhert N, Wilfling F, Esteve D, Galitzky J, Pellegrinelli V, Kolditz CI, Viguerie N, Tordjman J, Näslund E, Trayhurn P, Lacasa D, Dahlman I, Stich V, Lång P, Langin D, Bouloumié A, Clément K, Rydén M. Semaphorin 3C is a novel adipokine linked to extracellular matrix composition. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1792-801. [PMID: 23666167 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) function, including changes in protein (adipokine) secretion and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, promote an insulin-resistant state. We set out to identify novel adipokines regulated by body fat mass in human subcutaneous WAT with potential roles in adipose function. METHODS Adipose transcriptome data and secretome profiles from conditions with increased/decreased WAT mass were combined. WAT donors were predominantly women. In vitro effects were assessed using recombinant protein. Results were confirmed by quantitative PCR/ELISA, metabolic assays and immunochemistry in human WAT and adipocytes. RESULTS We identified a hitherto uncharacterised adipokine, semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), the expression of which correlated significantly with body weight, insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMAIR], and the rate constant for the insulin tolerance test [KITT]) and adipose tissue morphology (hypertrophy vs hyperplasia). SEMA3C was primarily found in mature adipocytes and had no direct effect on human adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, glucose transport or the expression of β-oxidation genes. This could in part be explained by the significant downregulation of its cognate receptors during adipogenesis. In contrast, in pre-adipocytes, SEMA3C increased the production/secretion of several ECM components (fibronectin, elastin and collagen I) and matricellular factors (connective tissue growth factor, IL6 and transforming growth factor-β1). Furthermore, the expression of SEMA3C in human WAT correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis in WAT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SEMA3C is a novel adipokine regulated by weight changes. The correlation with WAT hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo, as well as its effects on ECM production in human pre-adipocytes in vitro, together suggest that SEMA3C constitutes an adipocyte-derived paracrine signal that influences ECM composition and may play a pathophysiological role in human WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mothe-Satney I, Filloux C, Amghar H, Pons C, Bourlier V, Galitzky J, Grimaldi PA, Féral CC, Bouloumié A, Van Obberghen E, Neels JG. Adipocytes secrete leukotrienes: contribution to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:2311-9. [PMID: 22688342 PMCID: PMC3425405 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are potent proinflammatory mediators, and many important aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses are regulated by LTs. Key members of the LT synthesis pathway are overexpressed in adipose tissue (AT) during obesity, resulting in increased LT levels in this tissue. We observed that several mouse adipocyte cell lines and primary adipocytes from mice and humans both can secrete large amounts of LTs. Furthermore, this production increases with a high-fat diet (HFD) and positively correlates with adipocyte size. LTs produced by adipocytes play an important role in attracting macrophages and T cells in in vitro chemotaxis assays. Mice that are deficient for the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and therefore lack LTs, exhibit a decrease in HFD-induced AT macrophage and T-cell infiltration and are partially protected from HFD-induced insulin resistance. Similarly, treatment of HFD-fed wild-type mice with the 5-LO inhibitor Zileuton also results in a reduction of AT macrophages and T cells, accompanied by a decrease in insulin resistance. Together, these findings suggest that LTs represent a novel target in the prevention or treatment of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mothe-Satney
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Chantal Filloux
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Hind Amghar
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Pons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Avenir Team, INSERM, U634, Nice, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- “Stroma-Vascular Cells of Adipose Tissue” Team, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Galitzky
- “Stroma-Vascular Cells of Adipose Tissue” Team, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul A. Grimaldi
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Chloé C. Féral
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Avenir Team, INSERM, U634, Nice, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- “Stroma-Vascular Cells of Adipose Tissue” Team, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Van Obberghen
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Jaap G. Neels
- INSERM, U907, Nice, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Corresponding author: Jaap G. Neels,
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