1
|
Unterguggenberger C, Jahangir S, Salzmann GM, Stoddart MJ, Grad S, Schmal H, Kubosch EJ. Response of Articular Cartilage to Hyperosmolar Stress: Report of an Ex Vivo Injury Model. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1596-1607. [PMID: 38581200 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241241089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological 0.9% saline is commonly used as an irrigation fluid in modern arthroscopy. There is a growing body of evidence that a hyperosmolar saline solution has chondroprotective effects, especially if iatrogenic injury occurs. PURPOSE To (1) corroborate the superiority of a hyperosmolar saline solution regarding chondrocyte survival after mechanical injury and (2) observe the modulatory response of articular cartilage to osmotic stress and injury. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral explants were isolated from bovine stifle joints and exposed to either 0.9% saline (308 mOsm) or hyperosmolar saline (600 mOsm) and then damaged with a sharp dermatome blade to attain a confined full-thickness cartilage injury site, incubated in the same fluids for another 3 hours, and transferred to chondropermissive medium for further culture for 1 week. Chondrocyte survival was assessed by confocal imaging, while the cellular response was evaluated over 1 week by relative gene expression for apoptotic and inflammatory markers and mediator release into the medium. RESULTS The full-thickness cartilage cut resulted in a confined zone of cell death that mainly affected superficial zone chondrocytes. Injured samples that were exposed to hyperosmolar saline showed less expansion of cell death in both the axial (P < .007) and the coronal (P < .004) plane. There was no progression of cell death during the following week of culture. Histological assessment revealed an intact cartilage matrix and normal chondrocyte morphology. Inflammatory and proapoptotic genes were upregulated on the first days postexposure with a notable downregulation toward day 7. Mediator release into the medium was concentrated on day 3. CONCLUSION This in vitro cartilage injury model provides further evidence for the chondroprotective effect of a hyperosmolar saline irrigation fluid, as well as novel data on the capability of articular cartilage to quickly regain joint homeostasis after osmotic stress and injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Raising the osmolarity of an irrigating solution may be a simple and safe strategy to protect articular cartilage during arthroscopic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Unterguggenberger
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Gian M Salzmann
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Lower Extremity Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kubosch
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alrashedi MG, Ali AS, Ahmed OA, Ibrahim IM. Local Delivery of Azithromycin Nanoformulation Attenuated Acute Lung Injury in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238293. [PMID: 36500388 PMCID: PMC9739299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humanity has suffered from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past two years, which has left behind millions of deaths. Azithromycin (AZ), an antibiotic used for the treatment of several bacterial infections, has shown antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as against the dengue, Zika, Ebola, and influenza viruses. Additionally, AZ has shown beneficial effects in non-infective diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. However, the systemic use of AZ in several diseases showed low efficacy and potential cardiac toxicity. The application of nanotechnology to formulate a lung delivery system of AZ could prove to be one of the solutions to overcome these drawbacks. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the attenuation of acute lung injury in mice via the local delivery of an AZ nanoformulation. The hot emulsification-ultrasonication method was used to prepare nanostructured lipid carrier of AZ (AZ-NLC) pulmonary delivery systems. The developed formulation was evaluated and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of the prepared formulation was tested in the bleomycin (BLM) -mice model for acute lung injury. AZ-NLC was given by the intratracheal (IT) route for 6 days at a dose of about one-eighth oral dose of AZ suspension. Samples of lung tissues were taken at the end of the experiment for immunological and histological assessments. AZ-NLC showed an average particle size of 453 nm, polydispersity index of 0.228 ± 0.07, zeta potential of -30 ± 0.21 mV, and a sustained release pattern after the initial 50% drug release within the first 2 h. BLM successfully induced a marked increase in pro-inflammatory markers and also induced histological changes in pulmonary tissues. All these alterations were significantly reversed by the concomitant administration of AZ-NLC (IT). Pulmonary delivery of AZ-NLC offered delivery of the drug locally to lung tissues. Its attenuation of lung tissue inflammation and histological injury induced by bleomycin was likely through the downregulation of the p53 gene and the modulation of Bcl-2 expression. This novel strategy could eventually improve the effectiveness and diminish the adverse drug reactions of AZ. Lung delivery could be a promising treatment for acute lung injury regardless of its cause. However, further work is needed to explore the stability of the formulation, its pharmacokinetics, and its safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen G. Alrashedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12628, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shaker Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Osama Abdelhakim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mussolino AFJ, Tannuri ACA, Gonçalves JDO, Serafini S, Tannuri U. Adaptation Processes of the Remaining Jejunum or Ileum after Extensive Intestinal Resection. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:793-800. [PMID: 34583613 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1963355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the adaptation processes of the remaining jejunum or ileum after extensive intestinal resection in a growing animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty 21-day old rats were divided into four groups: JG: remaining jejunum group - ileal enterectomy; IG: ileum remaining group - jejunum enterectomy; SHAM: sham-operated group - open-and-close laparotomy; and NO: non-operated animals. RESULTS After 3 weeks, JG and IG animals had decreased weights comparing to SHAM and NO animals (p = 0.017 and p = 0.005, respectively). The histomorphometric analysis showed that in JG animals the villi were higher than in SHAM, NO, and IG animals (p = 0.007, p = 0.008, and p = 0.01), the depth of crypts in JG and IG animals was greater than in NO and SHAM animals (p = 0.03, p = 0.002, and p = 0.003 respectively), and muscle layer thickness of the jejunum of JG animals had values greater than SHAM and NO animals (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). The Ki-67 expression in the ileum was higher in comparison with the jejunum (p = 0.014). The pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) expression was decreased in JG animals compared to IG, SHAM, and NO animals (p = 0.013, p = 0.024, and p = 0.021). The anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-XL) expression was decreased in JG animals in comparison to IG and NO animals (p = 0.002 and p = 0.046) although it was increased in the colon of IG animals in comparison to JG, SHAM, and NO animals (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The Bax/Bcl-XL ratio was higher in JG than in IG animals (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Adaptive responses seemed to be more effective in the ileum than in the jejunum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Affonso Flávio Jorge Mussolino
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Aoun Tannuri
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Serafini
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uenis Tannuri
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit and Laboratory of Research in Pediatric Surgery (LIM 30), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang PP, Huang X, Yang MW, Fang SY, Hong FF, Yang SL. Effects of non-drug treatment on liver cells apoptosis during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 275:119321. [PMID: 33711387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is an important cause of liver dysfunction after liver transplantation for the patients suffered from fatty liver, non-alcoholic cirrhosis, or liver cancer. It is closely related to liver cells apoptosis. Therefore, how to maintain the stable state of cell apoptosis is important to protect the liver from HIRI. Drug treatment basically applies some active substances directly or indirectly, reducing HIRI. But their toxic side effects limit the clinical applications. Differently, non-drug treatment means making use of other kinds of measures to reduce the damage, such as non-pharmaceutical preparations, surgical methods, inhalation or perfusion gas, and so on. Non-drug treatments have been shown to balance cell apoptosis and reduce liver damage during HIRI. This review summarized the progresses in the roles of non-drug treatments on liver cells apoptosis during HIRI in recent years, focusing on apoptosis inducing factors, its signal transduction pathway, and downstream molecules, etc., expecting to elucidate non-drug treatments of anti-HIRI more systematically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Yao Fang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriguez-Chavez V, Moran J, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda Ruiz WA, Rodriguez MC, Picazo O, Cerbon M. Participation of Glutamatergic Ionotropic Receptors in Excitotoxicity: The Neuroprotective Role of Prolactin. Neuroscience 2021; 461:180-193. [PMID: 33647379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is known as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It can trigger a series of processes ranging from synaptic plasticity to neurophysiological regulation. To carry out its functions, Glu acts via interaction with its cognate receptors, which are ligand-dependent. Glutamatergic receptors include ionotropic and metabotropic categories. The first allows the passage of ions through the postsynaptic membrane, while the metabotropic subtype activates signaling cascades through second messengers. It is well known that an excess of extracellular Glu concentration induces overstimulation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors (iGluRs), causing the excitotoxicity phenomenon that leads to neuronal damage and cell death. Excitotoxicity plays a crucial role in different brain pathologies such as brain strokes, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. However, until now, there are no effective neuroprotective compounds to prevent or rescue neurons from excitotoxicity. Thus, the continuous elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity in order to prevent damage or neuronal death is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding iGluRs, while describing their structures and molecular mechanisms of action, including their role in excitotoxicity, as well as the current strategies to reduce excitotoxic damage. Particularly, strategies mediated by prolactin, a somatotropin family-related hormone that displays a significant neuroprotective effect against both Glu and kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, are described. Finally, the role of prolactin as a possible molecule in the treatment of excitotoxicity in neurological diseases is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rodriguez-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - J Moran
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - W A Zepeda Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - M C Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - O Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao H, Lin W, Xie C, Yao L. P53 Plays an Important Role in the Early Stage of Autologous Heterotopic Transplantation of Ovaries into the Backs of Mice. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:406-413. [PMID: 31911055 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous ovarian transplantation has recently begun receiving increased attention. Fourteen days after transplantation is used as an important time point for assessing the recovery of ovarian function. The goal of this study is to determine the expression of apoptotic genes in the ovary at this time. METHODS This study investigated follicle development and the expression of 3 apoptosis genes (Bax, Bcl2, and P53) after mouse ovaries were transplanted. Seven-week-old mouse ovaries were autologously transplanted into back muscle. The ovaries were harvested on day 14, morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the distribution of 3 proteins was observed by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining showed where apoptosis occurred in the ovary. Finally, RT-PCR/Western blotting was used to analyze the differential expression of mRNA/proteins between the transplantation group and the control group. RESULTS The results revealed follicles at different stages at the edge of the grafts. In immunohistochemical experiments, BAX, BCL2, and P53 were found to be extensively expressed in the transplant group and the control group. P53 was strongly expressed in the medulla of transplanted ovaries. Bax was strongly expressed in the antral follicles of both groups. The results were consistent with the results of the TUNEL experiments. Three genes (Bax, Bcl2, and P53) were downregulated in the transplanted groups. The results showed that significant differences were detected in Bax and P53 mRNA expression levels between the transplanted groups and the control group (P < .01). Bcl2 expression was not significantly different, but the Bax/Bcl2 ratio increased. The results of the protein experiments were the same. CONCLUSION P53 may downregulate Bax in the early stage of transplantation. Follicle growth and atresia were regulated through modulation of Bcl2- and Bax-mediated apoptotic pathways in heterotopic ovarian transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chichi Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingnv Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tannuri ACA, Rotondo ÍG, Barros GG, Van Vaisberg V, Mendes-Neto C, Paes VR, Coelho MCM, Gonçalves J, Serafini S, Tannuri U. Are there differences in the growth adaptation processes of growing and mature organism models of short bowel syndrome? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e499. [PMID: 30365828 PMCID: PMC6178875 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to present an experimental model of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in weaning rats and to compare the adaptative mechanisms of the remaining bowel in weaning rats and adult animals by means of morphometric, histologic and molecular methods. METHODS Twenty-four weaning rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals, one control group and two short bowel groups (euthanasia after 4 and 21 days), and were compared with similar adult groups. Morphometric evaluations of the animals and histopathological and molecular studies of the remaining bowel were performed. RESULTS The weight of young rats increased after enterectomy, whereas that of adult rats decreased after enterectomy (p<0.0001). The ratio of intestinal length/body weight was significantly higher in weaning rats than in adults (p<0.002), showing that intestinal growth was more intense in weaning rats. Intestinal resection promoted increased thickness of the small bowel lamina propria (p=0.001) and reduced thickness of the colon lamina propria (p=0.04) in weaning rats relative to those in adults. In addition, intestinal resection promoted increased expression of the Bcl-xl gene (antiapoptotic) in adult animals compared with that in weaning rats (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Morphometric, histological and molecular differences were shown in the adaptation processes of growing and mature organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Aoun Tannuri
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ítalo Geraldo Rotondo
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Guilherme Garcia Barros
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Victor Van Vaisberg
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Cícero Mendes-Neto
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vitor Ribeiro Paes
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Maria Cecilia Mendonça Coelho
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Josiane Gonçalves
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Suellen Serafini
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Uenis Tannuri
- Divisao de Cirurgia Pediatrica, Unidade Pediatrica de Transplante de Figado e Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Pediatrica (LIM 30), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Li S, Xie X, Xiu H, Liu X, Shao J, Zhang X. Neuroprotection by Taurine on HBCD-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:95-106. [PMID: 28849447 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR). Because of their presence in human issues, including brain tissue, concern has been raised on their possible neurotoxicity. Presently, we explored the neuroprotection of taurine against HBCD-induced apoptotic damages in PC12 cells. Cells were pre-treated with taurine before HBCD exposure and the viability was assayed via the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptotic features were observed with Hoechst 33342 staining. Apoptotic ratio was measured using flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC coupled propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The changes in the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were quantitated by the western blot. The activity of caspase-3 was tested and the results revealed that presence of HBCD decreased cell survival and led to apoptosis in the tested cells. Further, exposure of HBCD reduced protein expression of Bcl-2, increased expression in Bax protein and activity of caspase-3. Taurine attenuated HBCD-induced cell viability loss and cell apoptosis. Moreover, taurine significantly prevented from reducing Bcl-2 protein expression and elevating Bax protein expression and caspase-3 activity induced by HBCD. These results demonstrated that taurine can alleviate HBCD-induced apoptosis by altering Bcl-2 expression and Bax protein and Caspase-3 activity in PC12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Shuangyue Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xizhe Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Xiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang X, Shi Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Shao Y, Zhang S. Overexpression of filamin c in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a potential cardioprotective target for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:493-502. [PMID: 30194514 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is key pathological mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which induced cardiac dysfunction. Filamin c (FLNC) is a muscle-restricted isoform and predominantly expressed in muscle tissue. In this study, we utilized a recently developed CIH rat model to mimic OSA, investigated the expression of FLNC in cardiomyocytes, and examined the correlations of FLNC with active caspase-3 to ascertain whether FLNC regulates the survival of cardiomyocytes. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normoxia and CIH groups. All rats were exposed either to normoxia or CIH 8 h daily for 6 weeks. Echocardiogram and HE staining were used to examine cardiac pathology, structure, and function. Body weight, heart weight, and blood gas values were recorded, respectively. The FLNC, Bax, Bcl-2, BNIP 3, and active caspase-3 proteins were detected by western blot; FLNC was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Association of FLNC with cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS CIH induced cardiac injuries and caused arterial blood gas disorder. FLNC significantly increased in CIH-induced cardiomyocytes than that in normoxia tissues. Pro-apoptotic BNIP 3 and Bax proteins were significantly increased in CIH, whereas anti-apoptotic member Bcl-2 was decreased. Active caspase-3, a universal marker of apoptosis, was significantly increased in CIH group. Co-localizations of FLNC and active caspase-3 were observed in CIH group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested FLNC is implicated in the pathogenesis of CIH-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and FLNC may serve as a novel cardioprotective target for OSA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li N, Zhang Q, Jia Z, Yang X, Zhang H, Luo H. Volatile oil from alpinia officinarum promotes lung cancer regression in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2018; 9:4998-5006. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The anti-lung cancer activity of volatile oil from Alpinia officinarum (VOAO) and the underlying mechanism has been studied. VOAO could be an effective, low cytotoxicity candidate for lung cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Medical University
- Zhanjiang
- China
- Laboratory of Hematology
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction
- Development and Aging
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
| | - Zhenbin Jia
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Medical University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs
- Guangdong Medical University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Medical University
- Zhanjiang
- China
| | - Hui Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs
- Guangdong Medical University
- Zhanjiang
- China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
More SV, Choi DK. Atractylenolide-I Protects Human SH-SY5Y Cells from 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1012. [PMID: 28481321 PMCID: PMC5454925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the major mechanisms that induce dopaminergic cell death. Our study investigates the protective effects of atractylenolide-I (ATR-I) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, as well as its underlying mechanism. Our experimental data indicates that ATR-I significantly inhibits the loss of cell viability induced by MPP⁺ in SH-SY5Y cells. To further unravel the mechanism, we examined the effect of ATR-I on MPP⁺-induced apoptotic cell death characterized by an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, the release of cytochrome-c, and the activation of caspase-3 leading to elevated levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) resulting in SH-SY5Y cell death. Our results demonstrated that ATR-I decreases the level of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by MPP⁺ and also restored Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA levels, which are critical for inducing apoptosis. In addition, ATR-I demonstrated a significant increase in the protein expression of heme-oxygenase in MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the pharmacological effect of ATR-I may be, at least in part, caused by the reduction in pro-apoptotic signals and also by induction of anti-oxidant protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F. Erickson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan JW, Kim MK. Neuroprotective Effects of Biochanin A against β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells via a Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050548. [PMID: 27120593 PMCID: PMC6274559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is considered one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and is characterized by the production of β-amyloid (Aβ) proteins and progressive loss of neurons. Biochanin A, a phytoestrogen compound found mainly in Trifolium pratense, was used in the present study as a potential alternative to estrogen replacement therapy via the investigation of its neuroprotective effects against Aβ25-35-induced toxicity, as well as of its potential mechanisms of action in PC12 cells. Exposure of these cells to the Aβ25-35 protein significantly increased cell viability loss and apoptosis. However, the effects induced by Aβ25-35 were markedly reversed in the present of biochanin A. Pretreatment with biochanin A attenuated the cytotoxic effect of the Aβ25-35 protein by decreasing viability loss, LDH release, and caspase activity in cells. Moreover, we found that expression of cytochrome c and Puma were reduced, alongside with the restoration of Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax ratio in the presence of biochanin A, which led to a decrease in the apoptotic rate. These data demonstrate that mitochondria are involved in the protective effect of biochanin A against Aβ25-35 and that this drug attenuated Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell injury and apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, biochanin A might raise a possibility as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease and other related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wei Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li K, Ding D, Zhang M. Neuroprotection of Osthole against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through an Anti-apoptotic Pathway in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:336-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Dun Ding
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu TT, Lu CL, Lin HI, Chen BF, Jow GM. β-Elemonic acid inhibits the cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells: The role of MAPK, ROS activation and glutathione depletion. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:227-34. [PMID: 26530631 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemonic acid, a known triterpene, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, yet research on the pharmacological effects of β-elemonic acid is rare. We investigated the anticancer effects and the related molecular mechanisms of β-elemonic acid on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. The effects of β-elemonic acid on the growth of A549 cells were studied using a 3-(4,5)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin V staining. The effect of β-elemonic acid on the cell cycle of A549 cells was assessed using the propidium iodide method. The change in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using a dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay with microscopic examination. The expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family proteins and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were detected using western blot analysis. Our data revealed that β-elemonic acid strongly induced human A549 lung cancer cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner as determined by the MTT assay. β-elemonic acid-induced cell death was considered to be apoptotic when the phosphatidylserine exposure was observed using Annexin V staining. The death of human A549 lung cancer cells was caused by apoptosis induced by activation of ROS activity, increase in the sub-G1 proportion, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, upregulation of Bax expression and inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathways. These results clearly demonstrated that β-elemonic acid inhibits proliferation by inducing hypoploid cells and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the anticancer effects of β-elemonic acid were related to the MAPK signaling pathway, ROS activation and glutathione depletion in human A549 lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Tuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shin‑Kong Wu Ho‑Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hen-I Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bing-Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan L, Jiang L, Du Z. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl(-1)) protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) induced apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1269-74. [PMID: 26264181 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl(-1)) is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, which plays an essential role in protecting cells against apoptosis. The expression pattern and potential roles of Mcl(-1) in Parkinson's diseases (PD) are still unknown. In this study, our results indicated that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment augmented the expression of Mcl(-1) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, we observed increased phosphorylation of Elk-1at Ser383 as well as nuclear translocation of Elk-1 in exposure to MPP+ treatment. Importantly, the elevated expression of Mcl(-1) induced by MPP+ was abolished by knockdown of Elk-1. It was also found that inhibition of Mcl(-1) by small RNA transfection exacerbates MPP + -induced LDH release after 48 h incubation. In addition, Hoechst 33,258 nuclear staining results demonstrated that silence of Mcl(-1) induced a significant increase in apoptosis in cells when compared with the control condition. Mechanistically, the levels of cleaved Caspase3 and PARP were elevated in MPP+ treated cells, which was exacerbated by knockdown of Mcl(-1). These findings suggest that Mcl(-1) might be a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Fan
- Neurology Department, The 89th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, No. 256 Beigong west Street, Weifang City, Shandong, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zang W, Wang Y, Wang T, Du Y, Chen X, Li M, Zhao G. miR-663 attenuates tumor growth and invasiveness by targeting eEF1A2 in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:37. [PMID: 25744894 PMCID: PMC4332743 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-663 is associated with many important biologic processes, such as the evolution, development, viral infection, inflammatory response, and carcinogenesis among vertebrates. However, the molecular function and mechanism of miR-663 in pancreatic cancer growth and invasion is still unclear. Methods Western blot and real-time PCR were used to study the expression level of eEF1A2 protein and miR-663 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. The Pearson χ2 test was used to determine the correlation between miR-663 expression and clinicopathologic features of patients. Patients’ survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, using the log-rank test for comparison. The biological function of miR-663 was examined by measuring cell growth, cell invasion and apoptosis analysis in vitro and in vivo. miR-663 target gene and signaling pathway was identified by luciferase activity assay and western blot. Results We found that, in pancreatic cancer, eEF1A2 was significantly upregulated but miR-663 was significantly downregulated. Further results showed that the expression level of eEF1A2 and miR-663 was strongly associated with TNM stage and node metastasis status of the patients. miR-663 and eEF1A2 were inversely correlated with each other, and the changes in the expression levels of each can also predict the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. We identified miR-663 as a tumor attenuate molecular that attenuated the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we confirmed that the expression of eEF1A2 can partially restore the pro-apoptotic and anti-invasion functions of miR-663. Conclusions miR-663 attenuated the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cells both in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting eEF1A2. miR-663 and eEF1A2 might be potential targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hemato-tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yuwen Du
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wybranska I, Polus A, Mikolajczyk M, Knapp A, Sliwa A, Zapala B, Staszel T, Dembinska-Kiec A. Apoptosis-related gene expression in glioblastoma (LN-18) and medulloblastoma (Daoy) cell lines. Hum Cell 2013; 26:137-48. [PMID: 24037645 PMCID: PMC3844829 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The expression of apoptosis genes in a commercial pre-designed low-density array from Applied Biosystems was evaluated in two human brain cancer cell models, LN-18 and Daoy (HTB-186™) in comparison to the reference human primary endothelial cells under basic conditions. Analysis of the gene expression in the cancer cell lines compared to the normal control revealed features reflecting anti-apoptotic and inflammatory characteristics of the former. There was an overall downregulation of apoptosis-stimulating genes in both cancer cell lines, along with an upregulation of certain apoptosis inhibitors. A number of genes demonstrated statistically significant changes in their expressions, including BAX (BCL2-associated X protein); the CARD4/NLR family, CARD domain containing 4; CASP10 (caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase); DAP1 (death-associated protein kinase 1), and BIRC5 (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5). Anti-apoptotic potential in both cell lines was demonstrated by changes in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and downregulation of the APAF1 gene in LN18 cells. There was also significant downregulation of extrinsic signals and the TNF/FADD/inflammatory cascade, and upregulation of caspase inhibitors (IAPs). These results provided a novel molecular characterization of important human cancer cell lines, which might provide a useful research tool for investigating the experimental model of the CNS cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wybranska
- Department of Genetic Diagnostics and Nutrigenomics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, The Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park HJ, Jeon YK, You DH, Nam MJ. Daidzein causes cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis via the Bcl-2 family in human hepatic cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:542-9. [PMID: 23959101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, which belongs to the group of isoflavones from soybeans, has been extensively researched prostate, cervix, brain, breast, and colon cancer cell lines. However, daidzein has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatic cancer cells; therefore, we investigated whether it inhibits hepatic cancer cell growth. Decreased cell proliferation was measured in daidzein-treated hepatic cancer cells (SK-HEP-1) upon real-time cell electronic sensing analysis however, it was not affected on normal human hepatocytes (Chang). Daidzein-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by comet and TUNEL assay. Moreover, we conducted two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the mechanism of daidzein-induced apoptosis in daidzein-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Expression of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx-3), which modulates redox homeostasis of cells, was increased in protein analysis. Additionally, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen species and it was decreased in daidzein-treated SKHEP-1 cells. Daidzein-induced apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells was also associated with the up-regulation of Bak and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Moreover, daidzein treatment increased in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of APAF-1, caspase 9 and caspase 3. Overall, these result indicate that daidzein is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu-dong, Yeonsu-go, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roy R, Kumar D, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury C, Das P. Apoptotic and autophagic effects of Sesbania grandiflora flowers in human leukemic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71672. [PMID: 23967233 PMCID: PMC3742510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of cytotoxic compounds that induce apoptosis has been the mainstay of anti-cancer therapeutics for several decades. In recent years, focus has shifted to inducing multiple modes of cell death coupled with reduced systemic toxicity. The plant Sesbania grandiflora is widely used in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. This encouraged us to investigate into the anti-proliferative effect of a fraction (F2) isolated from S. grandiflora flowers in cancer cells and delineate the underlying involvement of apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Principal Findings Using MTT based cell viability assay, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of fraction F2. It was the most effective on U937 cells (IC50∶18.6 µg/ml). Inhibition of growth involved enhancement of Annexin V positivity. This was associated with elevated reactive oxygen species generation, measured by flow cytometry and reduced oxygen consumption – both effects being abrogated by anti-oxidant NAC. This caused stimulation of pro-apoptotic proteins and concomitant inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expressions inducing mitochondrial depolarization, as measured by flow cytometry and release of cytochrome c. Interestingly, even with these molecular features of apoptosis, F2 was able to alter Atg protein levels and induce LC3 processing. This was accompanied by formation of autophagic vacuoles as revealed by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy – confirming the occurrence of autophagy. Eventually, F2 triggered caspase cascade – executioners of programmed cell death and AIF translocation to nuclei. This culminated in cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase that caused DNA damage as proved by staining with Hoechst 33258 leading to cell death. Conclusions The findings suggest fraction F2 triggers pro-oxidant activity and mediates its cytotoxicity in leukemic cells via apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, it merits consideration and further investigation as a therapeutic option for the treatment of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajneeta Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Chakraborty
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Padma Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhen YZ, Hu G, Zhao YF, Yan F, Li R, Gao JL, Lin YJ. Synergy of Taxol and rhein lysinate associated with the downregulation of ERK activation in lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:525-528. [PMID: 24137360 PMCID: PMC3789082 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we observed that rhein lysinate (RHL), a salt of rhein and lysine that is easily dissolved in water, inhibited the growth of tumor cells in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RHL on H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells using a combination of RHL and Taxol. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the growth inhibition effect of the drugs in the H460 and A549 cells. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry combined with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The expression levels of proteins were detected by western blotting. There was a significant reduction in the proliferation of the NSCLC cell lines treated with a combination of Taxol and RHL. The overall growth inhibition was directly correlated with apoptotic cell death. RHL potentiated Taxol-induced cell killing by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and increasing the levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3. Notably, the results for the Bcl-2 and NF-κB proteins also showed downregulation in the combined treatment group compared with the single-agent treatment and the untreated control groups. The present results showed that RHL potentiates the growth inhibition induced by Taxol in NSCLC cells and showed that this synergy may be associated with the downregulation of ERK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhan Zhen
- Basic Medical College of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D(3), 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) or calcitriol, is known to inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of many types of cancer cells, including prostate and liver cancer cells. These findings support the use of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) for prostate and liver cancer therapy. However, 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) can cause hypercalcemia, thus, analogs of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) that are less calcemic but exhibit potent antiproliferative activity would be attractive as therapeutic agents. We have developed 2α-functional group substituted 19-norvitamin D(3) analogs with and without 14-epimerization. Among them, 2α- and 2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (MART-10 and -11, respectively) and 14-epi-2α- and 14-epi-2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (14-epi-MART-10 and 14-epi-MART-11, respectively) were found to be the most promising. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of this unique class of vitamin D analogs, the molecular mechanism of anticancer actions of vitamin D, and the biological evaluation of these analogs for potential application to the prevention and treatment of prostate and liver cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rouble AN, Hefler J, Mamady H, Storey KB, Tessier SN. Anti-apoptotic signaling as a cytoprotective mechanism in mammalian hibernation. PeerJ 2013; 1:e29. [PMID: 23638364 PMCID: PMC3628845 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of normal cell turnover, apoptosis is a natural phenomenon involved in making essential life and death decisions. Apoptotic pathways balance signals which promote cell death (pro-apoptotic pathways) or counteract these signals (anti-apoptotic pathways). We proposed that changes in anti-apoptotic proteins would occur during mammalian hibernation to aid cell preservation during prolonged torpor under cellular conditions that are highly injurious to most mammals (e.g. low body temperatures, ischemia). Immunoblotting was used to analyze the expression of proteins associated with pro-survival in six tissues of thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. The brain showed a concerted response to torpor with significant increases in the levels of all anti-apoptotic targets analyzed (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, BI-1, Mcl-1, cIAP1/2, xIAP) as well as enhanced phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at S70 and T56. Heart responded similarly with most anti-apoptotic proteins elevated significantly during torpor except for Bcl-xL and xIAP that decreased and Mcl-1 that was unaltered. In liver, BI-1 increased whereas cIAP1/2 decreased. In kidney, there was an increase in BI-1, cIAP and xIAP but decreases in Bcl-xL and p-Bcl-2(T56) content. In brown adipose tissue, protein levels of BI-1, cIAP1/2, and xIAP decreased significantly during torpor (compared with euthermia) whereas Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 were unaltered; however, Bcl-2 showed enhanced phosphorylation at Thr56 but not at Ser70. In skeletal muscle, only xIAP levels changed significantly during torpor (an increase). The data show that anti-apoptotic pathways have organ-specific responses in hibernators with a prominent potential role in heart and brain where coordinated enhancement of anti-apoptotic proteins occurred in response to torpor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Rouble
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Joshua Hefler
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Hapsatou Mamady
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee SW, Ahn YY, Kim YS, Kang SB, Nam SW, Lee DS, Jeong HY, Kim JM. The Immunohistochemical Expression of STAT3, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 Proteins in Colon Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma. Gut Liver 2012; 6:45-51. [PMID: 22375170 PMCID: PMC3286738 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors that are activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 activation has been implicated in modulating the activity of downstream mediators, such as Bcl-xL and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of STAT3, B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), and MMP-2 proteins according to histopathological parameters in colon adenocarcinomas, including lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, the TNM stage and the tumor size. Methods Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal STAT3, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 antibodies was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens from 20 colon adenomas and 39 adenocarcinomas. Results The expression of STAT3, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 was increased in the adenocarcinomas as compared with the adenomas (p<0.001). STAT3 expression was stronger in tumors with a distant metastasis than in tumors without a distant metastasis (p=0.012). A larger tumor size was related to an increase in STAT3 expression (p=0.035). Conclusions STAT3, Bcl-xL, and MMP-2 may play important roles in the tumorigenesis of colorectal carcinoma. STAT3 may be indicative of a poor prognosis due to its correlation with distant metastases and a larger tumor size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Doo AR, Kim SN, Kim ST, Park JY, Chung SH, Choe BY, Chae Y, Lee H, Yin CS, Park HJ. Bee venom protects SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptotic cell death. Brain Res 2012; 1429:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
He Y, Qu S, Wang J, He X, Lin W, Zhen H, Zhang X. Neuroprotective effects of osthole pretreatment against traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2011; 1433:127-36. [PMID: 22153917 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osthole, a coumarin compound isolated from the plant-derived herb Cnidium monnieri, has been the subject of considerable interest because of its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of osthole in adult rats in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We employed Feeney's weight-drop model to ascertain whether intraperitoneal administration of osthole (10mg/kg, 20mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) 30 min before TBI could reduce the severity of neurological deficits, cerebral edema, and hippocampal neuron loss. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and active caspase-3, and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic cells were also measured to characterize the antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties. A significant reduction of neurological deficits, cerebral edema and hippocampal neuron loss was observed in the osthole pretreatment groups (20mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, but not 10mg/kg) by 24h after TBI compared with the TBI group. Furthermore, pretreatment with osthole (40 mg/kg) significantly increased the activity of SOD, the level of GSH, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and also reduced the level of MDA, the expression of active caspase-3, and the number of apoptotic cells at 24h after TBI. In summary, these results suggested that osthole had a neuroprotective effect against TBI, and the protection may be associated with its antioxidative and antiapoptotic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Sun P, Bao Y, Dou B, Song D, Li Y. Vitamin E renders protection to PC12 cells against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:32-41. [PMID: 22020378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are potential candidates in many biomedical applications. However, many reports demonstrated its potential toxicity to human and other biological systems. Our study has demonstrated that SWCNTs can induce apoptosis and oxidative damage on PC12 cells, an in vitro model of neuronal cells. In the present study, we for the first time investigated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin E (VE) on SWCNT-induced neurotoxicity in cultured PC12 cells. Vitamin E (0.01-2mM) increased PC12 cells viability and significantly attenuated SWCNTs-induced apoptotic cell death in a time and dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and morphological observation. The presence of VE inhibited the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased the level of lipid peroxide, elevated the level of glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Additionally, VE blocked the reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase-3. VE prevented the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression induced by SWCNTs in PC12 cells. In summary, VE might protect PC12 cells from the injury induced by SWCNTs through the down-regulation of oxidative stress and prevention of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng G, Tang T, Wu HJ, You WH, Luo JK, Lin Y, Liang QH, Li XQ, Huang X, Yang QD. Salvianolic acid B protects SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1337-42. [PMID: 20686228 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and activation of the apoptotic cascade. In the study, we investigated the effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-treated SH-SY5Y cells, a classic in vitro model for PD. We found Sal B inhibited the loss of cell viability by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The underlying mechanisms of Sal B action were further studied. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with MPP(+) caused a loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, condensation of nuclei, elevation in the level of reactive oxygen species (which was associated with cytochrome c release), an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, and activation of caspase-3. Sal B ameliorated the MPP(+)-altered phenotypes. These results indicate that the Sal B protected SH-SY5Y cells against MPP(+)-induced apoptosis by relieving oxidative stress and modulating the apoptotic process. Our findings suggest that salvianolic acid B may be a promising agent to prevent PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brüning A, Rahmeh M, Gingelmaier A, Friese K. The mitochondria-independent cytotoxic effect of nelfinavir on leukemia cells can be enhanced by sorafenib-mediated mcl-1 downregulation and mitochondrial membrane destabilization. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:19. [PMID: 20105315 PMCID: PMC2836985 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nelfinavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that has been used for a long period of time to treat HIV-infected individuals. It has recently emerged that nelfinavir could represent a prospective new anti-cancer drug, prompting us to test the effect of nelfinavir on leukemia cells. Methods By combining in vitro and ex vivo studies, the effect of nelfinavir on leukemia cells and non-malignant, bone marrow-derived tissue cells was analyzed. Results At a concentration of 9 μg/ml, nelfinavir induced death of 90% of HL60, IM9, and Jurkat cells. At the same concentration and treatment conditions, less than 10% of aspirated human bone marrow cells showed nelfinavir-induced cell damage. Nelfinavir-induced death of leukemia cells was accompanied by activation of caspases 3, 7, and 8. Despite caspase activation, the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family member protein mcl-1 that resulted from nelfinavir treatment stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in primarily mitochondria-independent cell death. Pharmacological downregulation of mcl-1 expression by treatment with sorafenib (2 μg/ml) significantly enhanced nelfinavir-induced apoptosis even at lower nelfinavir concentrations (5 μg/ml), but did not have additional detrimental effects on non-malignant bone marrow cells. Conclusions The ability of nelfinavir to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells as a single agent in a mitochondria-independent manner might suggest it could be used as a second or third line of treatment for leukemia patients for whom standard mitochondria-directed treatment strategies have failed. Combination treatment with nelfinavir and sorafenib might further enhance the efficacy of nelfinavir even on chemo-resistant leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Brüning
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bennaceur K, Popa I, Chapman JA, Migdal C, Péguet-Navarro J, Touraine JL, Portoukalian J. Different mechanisms are involved in apoptosis induced by melanoma gangliosides on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Glycobiology 2009; 19:576-82. [PMID: 19240275 PMCID: PMC2682607 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor escape is linked to multiple mechanisms, notably the liberation, by tumor cells, of soluble factors that inhibit the function of dendritic cells (DC). We have shown that melanoma gangliosides impair DC differentiation and induce their apoptosis. The present study was aimed to give insight into the mechanisms involved. DC apoptosis was independent of the catabolism of gangliosides since lactosylceramide did not induce cell death. Apoptosis induced by GM3 and GD3 gangliosides was not blocked by inhibitors of de novo ceramide biosynthesis, whereas the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor desipramine only prevented apoptosis induced by GM3. Furthermore, our results suggest that DC apoptosis was triggered via caspase activation, and it was ROS dependent with GD3 ganglioside, suggesting that GM3 and GD3 induced apoptosis through different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bennaceur
- Laboratory of Dermatological Research, University of Lyon-1 EA 41-69, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Apoptosis-related genes change their expression with age and hearing loss in the mouse cochlea. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1303-21. [PMID: 18839313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand possible causative roles of apoptosis gene regulation in age-related hearing loss (presbycusis), apoptotic gene expression patterns in the CBA mouse cochlea of four different age and hearing loss groups were compared, using GeneChip and real-time (qPCR) microarrays. GeneChip transcriptional expression patterns of 318 apoptosis-related genes were analyzed. Thirty eight probes (35 genes) showed significant differences in expression. The significant gene families include Caspases, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma2 family, P53, Calpains, Mitogen activated protein kinase family, Jun oncogene, Nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-related and tumor necrosis factor-related genes. The GeneChip results of 31 genes were validated using the new TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA). Eight genes showed highly correlated results with the GeneChip data. These genes are: activating transcription factor3, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma2, Bcl2-like1, caspase4 apoptosis-related cysteine protease 4, Calpain2, dual specificity phosphatase9, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member12a, and Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member13b, suggesting they may play critical roles in inner ear aging.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chuang YH, Chuang WL, Huang SP, Huang CH. Over-expression of apoptosis-related proteins contributes to muscular damage in the obstructed ureter of the rat. BJU Int 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Li ZB, Wang JY, Jiang B, Zhang XL, An LJ, Bao YM. Benzobijuglone, a novel cytotoxic compound from Juglans mandshurica, induced apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:846-852. [PMID: 17959366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new quinone compound, p-hydroxymethoxybenzobijuglone (HMBBJ), isolated from Juglans mandshurica by bioassay-guided fractionation, showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell line. Its chemical structure was determined by NMR and HREIMS spectra. In this paper, its ability to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells was studied for the first time. After treated with HMBBJ, the growth of HeLa cells was inhibited and cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics. Data from flow cytometry analysis showed that the HeLa cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase by HMBBJ, and the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HMBBJ increased the expression of caspase-8, -3 and Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and lowered the DeltaPsi(m). These findings reveal that HMBBJ could efficiently induce HeLa cells apoptosis through mitochondria dependent pathway and activation of the caspase cascade, and it may be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Li
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen SP, Wu JL, Su YC, Hong JR. Anti-Bcl-2 family members, zfBcl-x(L) and zfMcl-1a, prevent cytochrome c release from cells undergoing betanodavirus-induced secondary necrotic cell death. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1043-60. [PMID: 17245642 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV)-induced, host cell apoptosis mediates secondary necrosis by an ill-understood process. In this study, redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is shown to induce mitochondria-mediated necrotic cell death in GL-av cells (fish cells) via cytochrome c release, and anti-apoptotic proteins are shown to protect these cells from death. Western blots revealed that cytochrome c release coincided with disruption of mitochondrial ultrastructure and preceded necrosis, but did not correlate with caspases activation. To identify the mediator(s) of this necrotic process, a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide; CHX; 0.33 microg/ml) was used to block cytochrome c release as well as PS exposure and mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MMP) loss. CHX (0.33 microg/ml) completely blocked viral protein B2 expression, and partly blocked protein A, protein alpha, and a pro-apoptotic death protein (Bad) expression. Overexpression of B2 gene increased necrotic-like cell death up to 30% at 48 h post-transfection, suggesting that newly synthesized protein (B2) may be involved in this necrotic process. Finally, necrotic death was prevented by overexpression of Bcl-2 family proteins, zfBcl-x(L) and xfMcl-1a. Thus, new protein synthesis and release of cytochrome c are required for RGNNV-induced necrotic cell death, which can be blocked by anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guan S, Jiang B, Bao YM, An LJ. Protocatechuic acid suppresses MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1659-66. [PMID: 16806628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the kernels of Alpinia (A.) oxyphylla, showed antioxidant neuroprotective effect in our previous study. Here, we investigated the effect of PCA on the MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells. The apoptosis in MPP(+)-induced PC12 cells was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), GSH depletion, activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. In contrast, treatment of PC12 cells with PCA significantly prevented the above-mentioned mitochondrial dysfunction. Our data pointed to the potential clinical application/use of PCA to overcome neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Guan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bowen JM, Gibson RJ, Cummins AG, Keefe DMK. Intestinal mucositis: the role of the Bcl-2 family, p53 and caspases in chemotherapy-induced damage. Support Care Cancer 2006; 14:713-31. [PMID: 16453135 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-005-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis occurs as a consequence of cytotoxic treatment through multiple mechanisms including induction of crypt cell death (apoptosis) and cytostasis. The molecular control of these actions throughout the gastrointestinal tract has yet to be fully elucidated; however, they are known to involve p53, the Bcl-2 family and caspases. This review will provide an overview of current research as well as identify areas where gaps in knowledge exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Bowen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Choy G, Liu JW, Chandra D, Tang DG. Cell survival signaling during apoptosis: implications in drug resistance and anti-cancer therapeutic development. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2006; 63:115-45. [PMID: 16265879 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7414-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Choy
- Department of Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Su BY, Shontz KM, Flavahan NA, Nowicki PT. The effect of phenotype on mechanical stretch-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. J Vasc Res 2006; 43:229-37. [PMID: 16432304 DOI: 10.1159/000091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in swine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of different phenotypes. We demonstrated that differentiated VSMC express a greater level of Bcl-2-associated death factor (BAD) and have a significant cell loss when exposed to mechanical stretch (10% elongation, 1 Hz) for 24 h. We further demonstrated that apoptosis was significantly increased only in differentiated VSMC exposed to mechanical stretch. To test the hypothesis that the intracellular level of BAD in VSMC determines its response to mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis, we examined whether BAD expression was upregulated by mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis and was associated with the increase in the apoptosis level of differentiated VSMC. When exposed to mechanical stretch, the expression of BAD in differentiated VSMC was elevated at 1 h and remained at higher levels during the application of stretch (24 h). In contrast, Bcl-2 expression was suppressed during the application of stretch. Moreover, the proapoptotic function of BAD was inhibited by overexpression of Bcl-2 through transient transfection of VSMC with pCEP4-Bcl-2 or incubation of VSMC with vascular epithelial growth factor. These results suggest that mechanical stretch-induced VSMC apoptosis is phenotype dependent. The higher levels of apoptosis of differentiated VSMC upon mechanical stretch were, at least in part, dependent on their intrinsic level of BAD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Shape
- Cells, Cultured
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Portal Vein
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Swine
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
- bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baogen Y Su
- Columbus Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tomas D, Kruslin B, Cupic H, Stanimirovic A, Bosnjak B, Lovricevic I, Belicza M. Correlation between Bcl-2 and Bax in atrophic and hypertrophic type of actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:51-7. [PMID: 16405608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations consider actinic keratosis (AK) as an earliest visible pattern of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We have analysed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins TP53, Bcl-2 and Bax in 30 atrophic and 30 hypertrophic AK cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed following microwave streptavidin immunoperoxidase protocol on DAKO TechMate Horizon automated immunostainer (DAKO, Copenhagen, Denmark). Monoclonal antibody for TP53 and Bcl-2 and polyclonal antibody for Bax (DAKO, Copenhagen, Denmark) were used. RESULTS Expression of TP53 showed no significant differences between two analysed groups (chi2-test, P = 0.35636) whereas expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was significantly higher in atrophic compared to hypertrophic AK (chi2-test, P = 0.01458 and P = 0.00358, respectively). Comparison of Bcl-2 : Bax ratio in two analysed AK showed significantly higher value in hypertrophic compared to atrophic AK (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.02272). Statistical analysis did not show any correlation between patient's sex and age, localization and size of the lesion with expression of investigated oncoproteins (anova, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results may indicate higher resistance of keratinocytes on apoptotic stimuli in hypertrophic compared to atrophic AK. Thus, we suppose that keratinocytes in hypertrophic AK live longer and probably have higher propensity for additional mutations and conversion to overt SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tomas
- Ljudevit Jurak Department of Pathology, Sestr milsrdnice University Hospital, Vinogradska 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sharma J, Srinivasan R, Majumdar S, Mir S, Radotra BD, Wig JD. Bcl-XL protein levels determine apoptotic index in pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreas 2005; 30:337-42. [PMID: 15841044 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000160282.64451.f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to analyze the expression of the major antiapoptotic molecules Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and the proapoptotic Bax in pancreatic ductal carcinoma and their correlation to the extent of apoptosis. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from patients (age, 27-78 years) having surgery for pancreatic cancer. Normal pancreatic tissue away from the main tumor mass was also analyzed. The levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax mRNA expression were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of corresponding proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The apoptotic index was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS A total of 25 cases were analyzed. The apoptotic index (percentage) ranged from 0.0% to 1.8%, with a median of 0.26. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed variable mRNA expression, with the Bcl-2/Bax ratio ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 and the Bcl-XL/Bax ratio ranging from 0.3 to 1.8. There was no correlation of mRNA levels with the apoptotic index. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-XL expression in 20%, 72%, and 92% of cancer samples; however, their levels were variable. Spearman rank correlation coefficient test revealed a significant inverse association for the Bcl-XL IHC score and apoptotic index (P < 0.05). In contrast, Bcl-2, Bax protein levels did not show any association with the apoptotic index. However, as compared with the normal pancreas, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax were overexpressed in most of the pancreatic cancer samples (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In pancreatic cancer, there is an upregulation of all the apoptotic regulatory molecules and the apoptotic index is chiefly determined by Bcl-XL protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Sharma
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Immediate early gene X-1 interacts with proteins that modulate apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:1293-8. [PMID: 15451437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immediate early gene X-1 (IEX-1) modulates apoptosis, cellular growth, mechanical strain-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and vascular intimal hyperplasia. To determine how IEX-1 alters apoptosis, we performed yeast two-hybrid studies using IEX-1 as the "bait" protein, and examined interactions between IEX-1 and proteins expressed by a human kidney cDNA expression library. We found that IEX-1 interacts with several proteins of which at least four are known to play a role in the regulation of apoptosis: (1) calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand; (2) tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 10); (3) ML-1 myeloid cell leukemia gene encoded protein; and (4) BAT3, a gene present in the major histo-compatibility complex. Our data suggest that IEX-1 may regulate apoptosis by directly interacting with various proteins involved in the control of apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
|
42
|
Moshynska O, Sankaran K, Pahwa P, Saxena A. Prognostic significance of a short sequence insertion in the MCL-1 promoter in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:673-82. [PMID: 15126604 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mcl-1 protein contributes to the longevity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells, and its higher expression has been associated with resistance to chemotherapy. We sought structural changes in the MCL-1 gene in CLL patients and associated these with clinical parameters of the disease. METHODS The MCL-1 gene from peripheral blood lymphocytes from 58 CLL patients and 18 control subjects and from the RL and BC-3 lymphoma cell lines was sequenced. Mcl-1 mRNA expression (in 20 consecutive patients and four control subjects) was analyzed by RNase protection assay, and Mcl-1 protein expression (in 18 consecutive patients and four controls) was analyzed by western blotting. Genetic changes in MCL-1 were associated with biochemical and clinical characteristics, including expression of CD38, a negative prognostic factor. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine the prognostic importance of changes in the MCL-1 gene, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze patient survival. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS A 6- or 18-nucleotide sequence insertion was found in the same site in the MCL-1 promoter in 17 of 58 patients and in BC-3 cells; it was absent in all control subjects and in RL cells. Of 21 CD38-negative patients, 10 had a promoter insertion; of 17 CD38-positive patients, one had a promoter insertion (P =.0099). Patients with a promoter insertion had higher mRNA (median = 26.8 relative units, interquartile range [IQR] = 14.9 to 35.2, versus median = 8.8 relative units, IQR = 3.9 to 15.7, P =.030, U-test) and protein (median = 0.84 relative units, IQR = 0.81 to 1.0 versus median = 0.47, IQR = 0.32 to 0.70, P =.021, U-test) expression, more rapid disease progression (P =.012), poorer response to chemotherapy (P =.001), and shorter overall (P =.0088) and disease-specific (P <.001) survival than patients with a normal promoter. The presence of an MCL-1 promoter insertion had prognostic significance in a Cox model (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS The MCL-1 promoter insertion may identify a high-risk group of CD38-negative CLL patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- DNA Transposable Elements
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Survival Analysis
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Moshynska
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang YC, Guh JH, Teng CM. Induction of mitotic arrest and apoptosis by evodiamine in human leukemic T-lymphocytes. Life Sci 2004; 75:35-49. [PMID: 15102520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukemias are a heterogenous group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal blood cells of hematopoietic system. Evodiamine, a characteristic alkaloid extracted from Evodia fruits, has been reported to exhibit inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and migration in several types of cancer cells. However, there is no report elucidating the action target and anti-cancer mechanism of this potential natural compound. In this study, we have defined the anti-proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms of evodiamine in human acute leukemia CCRF-CEM cells. According to the MTT assay, the cell viability was inhibited by evodiamine in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.57 +/- 0.05 microM. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic cell death proceeded by evodiamine was accompanied with a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Using Wright-Giemsa staining, we observed that evodiamine caused the cells to arrest in mitosis. It also profoundly caused an increase in polymerized tubulin levels and Bcl-2 phosphorylation on serine 70 in these cells. These data imply that the microtubular cytoskeleton appears to be one of the cellular targets in response to evodiamine. Moreover, treatment of CCRF-CEM cells with evodiamine was associated with increased levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, activation of caspase-3, and proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, an endogenous caspase-3 substrate. Taken together, we demonstrate that evodiamine causes the mitotic arrest and a consequent apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through the enhancement of polymerized tubulin levels. Furthermore, several biological events including the Bcl-2 phosphorylation, Bax up-regulation and increase of caspase-3 activity could explain evodiamine-induced cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Huang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Sec. 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fahy BN, Schlieman MG, Virudachalam S, Bold RJ. Inhibition of AKT abrogates chemotherapy-induced NF-kappaB survival mechanisms: implications for therapy in pancreatic cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 198:591-9. [PMID: 15051014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Revised: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When activated, the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway is a potent cellular signal that inhibits apoptotic cell death. Pancreatic cancer is resistant to the apoptotic effect of chemotherapy, though it is unclear whether this is an inherent feature or a survival signal engaged in response to chemotherapy. We investigated whether pancreatic cancer cells activate the NF-kappaB pathway in response to chemotherapy and whether inhibition of this response altered the apoptotic efficacy of chemotherapy. STUDY DESIGN We determined NF-kappaB activity after chemotherapy treatment of the MIA-PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line using both physical (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and functional (luciferase) techniques. The effect of chemotherapy on transcription of the antiapoptotic gene BCL-2, a target of NF-kappaB, was determined. We examined the effect of inhibition of Akt, an upstream activator of NF-kappaB, on the molecular (NF-kappaB function and BCL-2 transcription) and cellular (apoptosis) effect of chemotherapy. RESULTS Both the chemotherapeutic agents gemcitabine and paclitaxel activated NF-kappaB and stimulated BCL-2 gene promoter activity. The stimulation of BCL-2 promoter function was directly regulated by NF-kappaB. These cellular responses were blocked by inhibition of Akt. The apoptotic effect of gemcitabine and paclitaxel also was enhanced after Akt inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Part of the apoptotic resistance of pancreatic cancer may be mediated by activation of the NF-kappaB survival pathway in response to chemotherapy. Inhibition of this response may be an important adjunct to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget N Fahy
- Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiang B, Liu JH, Bao YM, An LJ. Catalpol inhibits apoptosis in hydrogen peroxide-induced PC12 cells by preventing cytochrome c release and inactivating of caspase cascade. Toxicon 2004; 43:53-9. [PMID: 15037029 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 10/06/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, using a rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line, the effect of catalpol on H2O2-induced apoptosis was studied. The apoptosis in H2O2-induced PC12 cells was accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol and sequential activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 then leading to cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Catalpol not only suppressed the down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, but also attenuated caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and eventually protected against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that treatment of PC12 cells with catalpol can block H2O2-induced apoptosis by the regulation of Bcl-2 family members, as well as suppression of cytochrome c release and caspase cascade activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saxena A, Viswanathan S, Moshynska O, Tandon P, Sankaran K, Sheridan DP. Mcl-1 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio are associated with treatment response but not with Rai stage in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2004; 75:22-33. [PMID: 14695629 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.10453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although both Bcl-2/Bax ratio and Mcl-1 have been identified to be of clinical relevance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), there is controversy regarding their role; further, their relative importance is not well delineated. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and Mcl-1 in 51 consecutive previously untreated CLL patients and 16 controls was determined by Western blotting. Only 37 patients were treated, all with chlorambucil and prednisone initially. Six patients achieved complete response (CR), 14 were non-responders (NR), and 17 had a partial response (PR), as defined by NCI criteria. There was considerable inter-patient variability in protein expression and overlap with healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). All patients with CR had low Mcl-1 levels compared to the PR + NR group (0.07 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.14 +/- 0.07, P = 0.043). Higher Mcl-1 expression as determined by dichotomizing the data was associated with a failure to achieve CR (P = 0.021). The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly associated with treatment response only when CR and PR were considered together (0.89 +/- 0.53 [CR + PR] vs. 3.38 +/- 4.47 [NR], P = 0.0118). There was no association with Rai stage. Low Mcl-1 appears to be a requirement for CR, while low Bcl-2/Bax ratio is indicative of some response to conventional treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chlorambucil/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- ROC Curve
- Treatment Outcome
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bigelow RLH, Chari NS, Unden AB, Spurgers KB, Lee S, Roop DR, Toftgard R, McDonnell TJ. Transcriptional regulation of bcl-2 mediated by the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway through gli-1. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:1197-205. [PMID: 14555646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310589200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) express high levels of the antiapoptotic proto-oncogene, bcl-2, and we have shown that bcl-2 contributes to the malignant phenotype in a transgenic mouse model. The basis of bcl-2 transcriptional regulation in keratinocytes is unknown. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is frequently altered in BCCs. Mediators of shh signaling include the downstream transactivator, gli-1, and transrepressor, gli-3. Seven candidate gli binding sites were identified in the bcl-2 promoter. Cotransfection of increasing amounts of gli-1 in keratinoycytes resulted in a corresponding dose-dependent increase in bcl-2 promoter luciferase activity. Gli-1 was also able to up-regulate endogenous bcl-2. Gli-3 cotransfection resulted in no significant changes in bcl-2 promoter activity compared with control. Gli-3 has been demonstrated to be proteolytically processed into an N-terminal repressive form that can inhibit downstream transactivation by gli-1. Gli-3 mutants possessing only the N-terminal region or the C-terminal region were made and used in luciferase assays. The N terminus of gli-3 inhibited gli-1 transactivation of the bcl-2 promoter. Gel shift analysis and luciferase assays demonstrated that gli binding site 4 (-428 to -420), is important for gli transcriptional regulation. Skin samples from transgenic mice expressing an RU486 gli-1 transgene exhibited significantly higher levels of endogenous bcl-2 protein in epidermal keratinocytes as assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Together, these findings provide consistent evidence that gli proteins can transcriptionally regulate the bcl-2 promoter and that gli-3 can inhibit transactivation by gli-1. These studies further suggest that one consequence of the deregulation of shh signaling in BCC is the up-regulation of bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L H Bigelow
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chou JY, Lai SY, Pan SL, Jow GM, Chern JW, Guh JH. Investigation of anticancer mechanism of thiadiazole-based compound in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:115-24. [PMID: 12818371 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized several compounds and examined their cytotoxic effects on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. We found that GO-13 ((E,E)-2,5-bis[4-(3-dimethyl-aminopropoxy)styryl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole) is the most effective one by the MTT assay. Furthermore, the GO-13-induced apoptotic reaction was identified based on several criteria, such as negative release reaction of lactate dehydrogenase and positive labeling of annexin V and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) techniques. GO-13 induced the apoptosis in A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The data demonstrate that the regulations of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C was not involved in the GO-13-mediated mechanism. However, GO-13 significantly induced a down-regulation of Bcl-X(L) expression in a short-term treatment (less than 3hr), whereas stimulated up-regulation of Bax expression in a long-term treatment (24hr) indicating their involvement in GO-13 action. GO-13-mediated apoptosis is also positively correlated with the increase in caspase-3 activity. Worth noting is the fact that GO-13 did not modify the phosphorylation level of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) until a 24-hr exposure was carried out indicating that the inhibition of Akt/PKB activation was involved in the late-phase apoptosis. Besides the anticancer activity, GO-13 also showed equivalent anti-angiogenic activity in the nude mice angiogenesis model. In summary, we conclude that GO-13 is the most effective anticancer compound in our screening tests. It induced the early-phase apoptosis in A549 cells via the Bcl-X(L) down-regulation, and that of the late-phase through up-regulation of Bax expression as well as inhibition of Akt/PKB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yi Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Sect. 1, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
McDonald FE, Ironside JW, Gregor A, Wyatt B, Stewart M, Rye R, Adams J, Potts HWW. The prognostic influence of bcl-2 in malignant glioma. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1899-904. [PMID: 12085183 PMCID: PMC2375435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2001] [Revised: 01/14/2002] [Accepted: 01/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bcl-2 gene is one of a complex group of genes which control programmed cell death. Bcl-2 acts to extend cell survival by blocking apoptosis, and thereby may influence tumour prognosis. This study of 187 high grade gliomas reviews clinicopathological prognostic features and the relationship to bcl-2 expression. Bcl-2 immunostaining was assessed in 159 specimens from these patients, by scoring systems of 0 to 3 for intensity of scoring and proportion of cells staining. Age, histology, pre- and post-operative performance status were found to be strongly predictive of survival (log rank test P<0.0001). The type of surgery performed did not influence survival in this group of patients. The expression of bcl-2 had a significant relationship with survival (univariate Cox model P=0.0302, hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.98), with increased staining associated with improved survival. Multivariate analysis showed performance status, histology and proportion of cells staining for bcl-2 to be independently predictive of survival. Bcl-2 staining was not related to histological grade of tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E McDonald
- Northern Centre for Cancer Treatment, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Weerasinghe P, Hallock S, Tang SC, Liepins A. Sanguinarine induces bimodal cell death in K562 but not in high Bcl-2-expressing JM1 cells. Pathol Res Pract 2002; 197:717-26. [PMID: 11770015 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies with low Bcl-2-expressing K562 cells have shown that, when treated with the putative anti-cancer drug sanguinarine, concentrations of 1.5 microg/ml induced the morphology of apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD), while concentrations of 12.5 microg/ml induced a morphology of blister formation or blister cell death (BCD). To elucidate the possible role of Bcl-2 in this dual cell death modality induced by sanguinarine, K562 and the high Bcl-2-expressing JM1 cells were treated with sanguinarine concentrations of 1.5 microg/ml and 12.5 microg/ml respectively, and multiple parameters of their effects were studied using light and electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) end-labeling, 51Cr release, trypan blue exclusion, propidium iodide exclusion, and annexin-V binding. In general, we found that, while K562 cells underwent PCD and BCD when treated with sanguinarine, JM1 cells failed to undergo either PCD or BCD under the same experimental conditions. Thus, the over-expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 may have prevented sanguinarine from inducing PCD and BCD in JM1 cells. These results indicate that the resistance of JM1 cells to the alkaloid sanguinarine may have been due to an anti-BCD role played by Bcl-2, in addition to its widely reported anti-apoptotic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Weerasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|