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Chang Q, Shi Y, Yao S, Ban X, Cai Z. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Plans, and Suicide Attempts Among Children and Adolescents Under 18 years of Age in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2090-2102. [PMID: 37902618 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231205828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite suicide in younger population having become a severe public health issue, information on the prevalence of suicidality among Chinese children and adolescents is still limited. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts in Chinese children and adolescents aged under 18 years. A meta-analysis was conducted based on English and Chinese publications from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 using random-effects models. Based on 132 eligible studies with a combined total of 1,103,309 Chinese children and adolescents below 18 years old, the pooled prevalence of the overall suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts were 15.4% (95% CI [14.3, 16.6]), 6.4% (95% CI [5.5, 7.4]) and 3.5% (95% CI [3.1, 4.1]), respectively. The subgroup analyses showed that there were significant variations of prevalence of suicidal risks across genders, school stages, and geographical areas in mainland China. It was the first systematic review and meta-analysis to show suicidality among younger population aged below 18 years is prevalent in mainland China. This study suggests that gender-age-region-specific prevention and intervention programs should be urgently needed to reduce suicidal risks among Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Shi
- Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | | | | | - Ziyi Cai
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Newcastle University, UK
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2
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Lawrence TI, Mcfield AA. Does Conduct, Oppositional Defiant, and Panic Disorder Symptoms Associate with Suicidal Ideations Among African American Adolescents? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1179-1189. [PMID: 36439662 PMCID: PMC9684375 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that mental illness symptoms among adolescents, such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and panic disorder symptoms often associate with suicidal ideations. Despite this, few studies have examined whether these mental illness symptoms associate with suicidal ideations among African American adolescents. To address these limitations, the current study examined whether conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and panic disorder symptoms associated with suicidal ideations (N = 261). Using binominal logistic regression, results suggest that conduct disorder symptoms were associated with a higher likelihood of endorsing suicidal ideations than oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Finally, panic disorder symptoms and gender differences were not associated with suicidal ideations. Preventive efforts and psychotherapy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I. Lawrence
- Prairie View, A&M University, P. O Box 519 MS, 100 University Dr, Prairie View, Texas 77446 USA
| | - Ariel A. Mcfield
- Psychology Department , University of Texas Permian Basin, 4901 E University Blvd, Odessa, TX 79762 USA
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Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Yu J, Livinski AA, Haynie DL, Gilman SE. The developmental origins of suicide mortality: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-02092-6. [PMID: 36205791 PMCID: PMC10207387 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicide prevention efforts generally target acute precipitants of suicide, though accumulating evidence suggests that vulnerability to suicide is partly established early in life before acute precipitants can be identified. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on early life vulnerability to suicide beginning in the prenatal period and extending through age 12. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycNet, Web of Science, Scopus, Social Services Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts for prospective studies published through January 2021 that investigated early life risk factors for suicide mortality. The search yielded 13,237 studies; 54 of these studies met our inclusion criteria. Evidence consistently supported the link between sociodemographic (e.g., young maternal age at birth, low parental education, and higher birth order), obstetric (e.g., low birth weight), parental (e.g., exposure to parental death by external causes), and child developmental factors (e.g., exposure to emotional adversity) and higher risk of suicide death. Among studies that also examined suicide attempt, there was a similar profile of risk factors. We discuss a range of potential pathways implicated in these associations and suggest that additional research be conducted to better understand how early life factors could interact with acute precipitants and increase vulnerability to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Theemeshni Govender
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicia A Livinski
- Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health Library, OD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denise L Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liu RT, Walsh RFL, Sheehan AE, Cheek SM, Sanzari CM. Prevalence and Correlates of Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:718-726. [PMID: 35612875 PMCID: PMC9134039 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Considerably less is known about self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in preadolescence than older age groups, owing partly to the common view that young children are incapable of suicidal thoughts. Yet, preadolescent suicide has increased in recent years and is now the fifth leading cause of death in this age group, leading the National Institute of Mental Health to identify it as a priority for research and intervention. OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence estimates of preadolescent SITBs, identify correlates of these outcomes, and conduct head-to-head comparisons of preadolescent and adolescent SITBs in terms of associated characteristics. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase were systematically searched from inception through December 23, 2021, for studies on the prevalence and correlates of preadolescent SITBs. The search was restricted to English language publications and peer-reviewed journals. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers independently identified studies providing data on prevalence and correlates of preadolescent SITBs. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted data from each study, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used to assess study quality. Pooled prevalence and Cohen d were derived from random-effects meta-analyses. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and nonsuicidal self-injury among preadolescents. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies with 626 486 590 individuals were included. Lifetime prevalence of suicide in the general population was 0.79 per 1 million children. Prevalence for lifetime suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury among preadolescents were 15.1%, 2.6%, and 6.2%, respectively, in community samples. These data suggest that approximately 17.0% of preadolescents with suicidal ideation transition to attempting suicide. Across several analyses, male individuals appear more likely to have SITBs in preadolescence than adolescence. Correlate data were modest for SITBs other than suicidal ideation, but among specific disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (suicidal ideation: d = 0.54 [95% CI, 0.34-0.75]) and depression (suicidal ideation: d = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.71-1.09]; suicide attempts: d = 0.47 [95% CI, 0.26-0.68]) emerged as the strongest correlates. Among interpersonal factors, child maltreatment (suicidal ideation: d = 2.62 [95% CI, 1.56-3.67]) and parental support (suicidal ideation: d = -0.34 [95% CI, -0.46 to -0.22]) yielded the largest effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review anda meta-analysis, although preadolescent suicide deaths were rare, other SITB types occur with concerning frequency. Male individuals were at greater risk for SITBs in preadolescence relative to adolescence. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, child maltreatment, and parental support were especially relevant to suicidal ideation, as well as depression for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, in this age group. Further study, especially of SITBs other than suicidal ideation, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel F. L. Walsh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana E. Sheehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Shayna M. Cheek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christina M. Sanzari
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany
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Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Sundaram R, Perlis RH, Gilman SE. Prenatal origins of suicide mortality: A prospective cohort study in the United States. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35013255 PMCID: PMC8748551 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Most suicide research focuses on acute precipitants and is conducted in high-risk populations. Yet, vulnerability to suicide is likely established years prior to its occurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk of suicide mortality conferred by prenatal sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors. Offspring of participants (N = 49,853) of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a U.S. population-based cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 1959 and 1966, were linked to the U.S. National Death Index to determine their vital status by the end 2016. We examined associations between sociodemographic factors during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, labor and delivery complications, and neonatal complications with suicide death coded according to ICD-9/10 criteria. By the end of 2016, 3,555 participants had died. Of these, 288 (214 males, 74 females) died by suicide (incidence rate = 15.6 per 100,000 person-years, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 13.9-17.5). In adjusted models, male sex (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.98, CI: 2.26-3.93), White race (HR = 2.14, CI = 1.63-2.83), low parental education (HR = 2.23, CI = 1.38-3.62), manual parental occupation (HR = 1.38, CI = 1.05-1.82), being a younger sibling (HR = 1.52, CI = 1.10-2.11), higher rates of pregnancy complications (HR = 2.36, CI = 1.08-5.16), and smoking during pregnancy (HR = 1,28, CI = 0.99-1.66) were independently associated with suicide risk, whereas birth and neonatal complications were not. Consistent with the developmental origins of psychiatric disorders, vulnerability to suicide mortality is established early in development. Both sociodemographic and pregnancy factors play a role in this risk, which underscores the importance of considering life course approaches to suicide prevention, possibly including provision of high-quality prenatal care, and alleviating the socioeconomic burdens of mothers and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Theemeshni Govender
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abio A, Owusu PN, Posti JP, Bärnighausen T, Shaikh MA, Shankar V, Lowery Wilson M. Cross-national examination of adolescent suicidal behavior: a pooled and multi-level analysis of 193,484 students from 53 LMIC countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1603-1613. [PMID: 35445842 PMCID: PMC9288956 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a leading cause of adolescent mortality worldwide. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify individual-level and country-level factors which might explain the variability in suicidal behavior among students in 53 low to middle income countries. METHODS We used data on adolescents aged 12-16 years from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys from 2009-2016. The suicidal behaviors investigated included suicide ideation, suicidal planning and suicide attempt. The prevalence was estimated for 53 countries, while a multilevel logistic regression analysis (33 countries) was used to investigate the associations of these behaviors with individual and country-level contextual risk factors. The contextual variables included the Gini Coefficient, Gross Domestic Product per capita, pupil-to-teacher ratios, population density, homicide rates, law criminalizing suicide and the night light index. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicide ideation, making a plan and suicide attempt were 10.4%, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively. The highest prevalence rates reported were from the Americas. The strongest risk factors associated with suicidal behavior included anxiety, loneliness, no close friends and the substance abuse. Among the country level variables, the night light index was associated with making a suicide plan and attempting suicide. CONCLUSION The non-significant country level findings were not entirely surprising given the mixed results from prior studies. Additional knowledge is thus achieved with regard to country level factors associated with suicidal behavior across adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abio
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention (IEP) Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priscilla N. Owusu
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jussi P. Posti
- Department of Neurosurgery and Turku Brain Injury Center, Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku,
Turku, Finland
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masood Ali Shaikh
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention (IEP) Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Viswanathan Shankar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Michael Lowery Wilson
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Lawson KM, Kellerman JK, Kleiman EM, Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ, Robins RW. The role of temperament in the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors across adolescence: Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 122:171-186. [PMID: 33539152 PMCID: PMC8333186 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among young people is an increasingly prevalent and devastating public health crisis around the world. To reduce the rate of suicide, it is important to identify factors that can help us better predict suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adolescent temperament (effortful control, negative emotionality, positive emotionality) may be a source of risk and resilience for the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. The present study uses longitudinal data from a large, community sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674), assessed annually from age 12 to 21, to examine how temperament is associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Results indicate that higher levels of effortful control (activation control, inhibitory control, attention) are associated with decreased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, whereas higher levels of negative emotionality (particularly aggression, frustration, and depressed mood) are associated with increased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Positive emotionality (surgency, affiliation) was not associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Supplemental analyses showed conceptually similar findings for the Big Five, with Conscientiousness associated with decreased risk, Neuroticism associated with increased risk, and the other three dimensions showing largely null results. The findings did not vary significantly for boys and girls or for youth born in the U.S. versus Mexico. Overall, these findings suggest that adolescent temperament serves as both a protective factor (via effortful control/Conscientiousness) and a risk factor (via negative emotionality/Neuroticism) for suicidal ideation and behaviors in Mexican-origin youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Horvath A, Dras M, Lai CCW, Boag S. Predicting Suicidal Behavior Without Asking About Suicidal Ideation: Machine Learning and the Role of Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:455-466. [PMID: 33185302 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying predictors contributing to suicide risk could help prevent suicides via targeted interventions. However, using only known risk factors may not yield accurate enough results. Furthermore, risk models typically rely on suicidal ideation, even though people often withhold this information. METHOD This study examined the contribution of various predictors to the accuracy of six machine learning models for identifying suicidal behavior in a prison population (n = 353), including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD) criteria, and compared how excluding data about suicidal ideation affects accuracy. RESULTS Results revealed that gradient tree boosting accurately identified individuals with suicidal behavior, even without relying on questions about suicidal ideation (AUC = 0.875, F1 = 0.846). Furthermore, the model maintained this accuracy with only 29 predictors. Meeting five or more diagnostic criteria of BPD was an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. APD criteria, in the presence of other predictors, did not substantially improve accuracy. Additionally, it may be possible to implement a decision tree model to assess individuals at risk of suicide, without focusing upon suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that modern classification algorithms do not necessarily require information about suicidal ideation for modeling suicide and self-harm behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Horvath
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Dras
- Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catie C W Lai
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Boag
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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López R, Defayette AB, Whitmyre ED, Williams CA, Esposito-Smythers C. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, suicidal ideation, and social support in a clinical adolescent sample. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:1814-1822. [PMID: 33245681 PMCID: PMC8155111 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1852629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for adolescent suicidal ideation (SI). This study explored the relation between PTSD symptom clusters and SI, and whether social support moderates this association, in a cross-sectional, adolescent, clinical sample (N = 125). We hypothesized that each cluster would be positively associated with SI severity and that social support would buffer these associations. Only the persistent avoidance cluster was significantly associated with SI severity. Further, social support moderated this association. Results highlight the positive association between persistent avoidance symptoms of PTSD and SI and suggest that bolstering social support serves a protective function.
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Kim H, Ryu JM, Kim HW. Characteristics and Trends of Suicide Attempt or Non-suicidal Self-injury in Children and Adolescents Visiting Emergency Department. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e276. [PMID: 32830466 PMCID: PMC7445307 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality are common reasons for child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to investigate the incidence of pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of youths who visited the PED for suicide attempt (SA) and/or NSSI. METHODS The medical records of children and adolescents who visited the PED for psychiatric problems from January 2015 to November 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical variables including psychiatric disorders were collected. We compared the characteristics of youths who presented to the PED for SA and/or NSSI with those of youths without SA or NSSI. Student's t-test, χ² test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During 59 months of observation, 194 youths visited the PED and the number of total PED visits was 336. Among them, 46 youths (23.7%) visited the PED for SA and/or NSSI at least once, and the number of visits was 91 (27.1% of PED visits). Youths with SA and/or NSSI were older (P = 0.001) and more likely to be a girl (P = 0.005) and to report parental absence (P = 0.023). Bipolar and related disorders (P = 0.032) and depressive disorders (P = 0.004) were more common in youths with SA and/or NSSI, while schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (P = 0.030) and somatic symptom and related disorders (P = 0.007) were more common in those without SA and NSSI. After adjusting for age, sex, and parental marital status, bipolar and related disorders (odds ratio [OR], 6.72), depressive disorders (OR, 9.59), and somatic symptom and related disorders (OR, 0.12) were significantly associated with SA and/or NSSI. Youths with SA and/or NSSI also stayed longer in the PED (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION SA and NSSI are one of the main reasons for child and adolescent admittance to psychiatric services in the PED and are associated with psychiatric comorbidities. An appropriate risk assessment for suicidality and self-injury and proper management and referral to mental health services at the PED are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Gentil L, Huỳnh C, Grenier G, Fleury MJ. Predictors of emergency department visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112805. [PMID: 32035375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated predictors of emergency department (ED) visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in 2014-15 among patients at six Quebec emergency departments (ED), using administrative data. METHODS Participants (n = 11,778) used ED for suicidal ideation (30.4%); suicide attempt (7.0%); or other reasons (61.7%). A multinomial logistic regression was performed using variables described by the Andersen Behavioral Model. RESULTS The odds of ED visits for suicidal ideation or suicide attempt was high for adjustment disorders, personality disorders, and prior ED consultations for mental health (MH) reasons, but lower for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, illness acuity levels 3-5 (low severity), and 3+ consultations with outpatient psychiatrists. The odds of visiting ED for suicidal ideation increased in depressive disorders, and in the 12-17 year age range, but decreased in association with 1-2 outpatient psychiatrist consultations. The odds of suicide attempt also increased with alcohol use disorders and drug-induced disorders, but decreased with specific MH interventions at local community health services centers. CONCLUSION increasing access to ambulatory care, and care continuity in outreach programs for acute MH disorders, including substance-related disorders, may reduce ED visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, while improving overall service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Gentil
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada; Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, 950 Louvain East, Montréal, Québec H2M 2E8, Canada; Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Canada
| | - Christophe Huỳnh
- Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, 950 Louvain East, Montréal, Québec H2M 2E8, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Grenier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fleury
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada; Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, 950 Louvain East, Montréal, Québec H2M 2E8, Canada; Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Canada.
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Voss C, Ollmann TM, Miché M, Venz J, Hoyer J, Pieper L, Höfler M, Beesdo-Baum K. Prevalence, Onset, and Course of Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1914386. [PMID: 31664450 PMCID: PMC6824228 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. In light of the ideation-to-action framework, the delineation of frequency and temporal characteristics of such behavior during this developmental period is crucial. Objectives To provide lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of suicidal behavior, including ideation, plan, and attempt, in adolescents and young adults of the general population, and to provide information about age at onset, temporal characteristics of suicidal behavior, including duration (number of years between onset and last occurrence) and frequency (number of episodes), and transition patterns across suicidal behaviors. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in a random community sample of 1180 adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 21 years assessed in 2015 to 2016 in Dresden, Germany. Data analysis was performed from October 2018 to March 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Lifetime and 12-month suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt) were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview) by trained clinical interviewers. The onset, frequency, and duration of suicidal behavior were assessed by questionnaire. Results Of the 1180 participants (495 male [weighted percentage, 51.7%]; mean [SD] age, 17.9 [2.3] years), 130 participants (10.7%; 95% CI, 9.0%-12.8%), 65 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 3.9%-6.5%), and 41 participants (3.4%; 95% CI, 2.4%-4.7%) reported lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt, respectively. Any lifetime suicidal behavior was reported by 138 participants (11.5%; 95% CI, 9.7%-13.7%). Age-specific cumulative incidence estimates indicated an increase in suicidal behavior during adolescence, starting at age 10 years (<1%), increasing slightly until the age of 12 years (2.2%), and then increasing sharply thereafter until age 20 years (13.5%). There were different patterns among female and male participants for ideation, plan, and attempt, with an overall higher incidence among female participants for ideation (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.22; P = .04), for plan (hazard ratio, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.72-6.36; P < .001), and, among those older than 14 years, for attempt (hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.11-8.49; P = .03). Of those with suicidal ideation, 66.0% reported persistent or recurrent ideation over more than 1 year with 75.0% reporting more than 1 episode. Of the participants with lifetime suicidal ideation, 47.0% reported a suicide plan and 23.9% reported a suicide attempt. The transition to suicide plan or attempt occurred mainly in the year of onset of suicidal ideation or plan; of those who transitioned, 74.9% transitioned from ideation to plan, 71.2% transitioned from ideation to attempt, and 85.4% transitioned from plan to attempt in the same year. Conclusions and Relevance There is an urgent public health need for timely identification of suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults to terminate persistent or recurrent suicidal tendencies and to interrupt the ideation-to-action transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Voss
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa M. Ollmann
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcel Miché
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Venz
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Hoyer
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Pieper
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Höfler
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Beesdo-Baum
- Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Alayo I, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Rodríguez-Marín J, Roca M, Soto-Sanz V, Vilagut G, Alonso J. Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:265-283. [PMID: 30635683 PMCID: PMC6439147 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. METHODS Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12-26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54-2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend's suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. CONCLUSIONS More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Castellví
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Jaen University, Jaén, Spain
| | - Oleguer Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxaso Alayo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Almenara
- Preventive Medicine Area and Public Health, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jesús Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annabel Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Andrea Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, San Sebastian, Spain
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit, BioDonosti Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carolina Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Lebowitz ER, Blumberg HP, Silverman WK. Negative peer social interactions and oxytocin levels linked to suicidal ideation in anxious youth. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:806-811. [PMID: 30699863 PMCID: PMC6361537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious youth are at risk for negative peer interactions including peer victimization, and for suicidal ideation. However, data about the pattern of association between these two factors are scarce. In this study we examined the association between negative peer interactions and suicidal ideation in a sample of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, and whether oxytocin, which has been shown to enhance the impact of social events, moderates the impact of negative peer interactions on suicidal ideation. METHOD Participants were 168 youths with primary anxiety disorders. All participants were assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews, and with self-report measures of suicidal ideation, negative peer interactions, anxiety, and depression. The anxious youths' salivary oxytocin levels were measured with immunoassay. RESULTS Thirty percent of the anxious youths reported suicidal ideation, with suicidal ideation severity associated with negative peer social interactions and depressive symptoms. Consistent with past data indicating that oxytocin enhances the impact of social events, the association between peer negative social interactions and suicidal ideation was stronger in youths with high oxytocin levels than in youths with low levels (i.e., moderation). LIMITATIONS Assessment focused on suicidal ideation and data on suicidal behavior were not available. Limitations inherent to immunoassay measurement of peripheral oxytocin levels are noted. CONCLUSION Negative peer interactions are associated with suicidal ideation in youth with anxiety disorders, and the association is stronger in youth with high oxytocin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R Lebowitz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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15
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McKean AJS, Pabbati CP, Geske JR, Bostwick JM. Rethinking Lethality in Youth Suicide Attempts: First Suicide Attempt Outcomes in Youth Ages 10 to 24. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:786-791. [PMID: 30274653 PMCID: PMC6375682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although suicide is the second most frequent cause of death in American youth, suicide research has heretofore been confined to convenience samples that represent neither psychiatric nor general populations and that fail to include individuals dying at their first attempts. These limitations were addressed by assembling a youth cohort followed from the first medically recorded attempt (index attempt [IA]). It was hypothesized this approach would more accurately represent the prevalence of completed suicide after an attempt and underscore lethality based on method. METHOD This study draws from a previously reported retrospective-prospective all-age cohort identified through the Rochester Epidemiology Project. The original 1,490-subject sample included 813 Olmsted County youth 10 to 24 years old (n = 258 male, n = 555 female; 54.6% of total cohort) with IAs from January 1, 1986 through December 31, 2007 and followed until December 31, 2010. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 813 subjects (3.6%) killed themselves during the study period, with 28 of 29 dying before their 25th birthday and 20 of 28 (71.4%) dying at their first attempt. Despite composing only 31.7% of the cohort (258 of 813), male subjects composed most suicides: 23 of 29 (79.3% of suicides; 8.9% of male subjects) versus 6 of 29 female subjects (20.7% of suicides; 1.1% of female subjects). Eighty-five percent of all IA deaths involved firearms. More than a third of youth-41.2%-lacked a psychiatric history prior to IA. CONCLUSION These data show that more than half the IAs occurred in youth, with approximately three-fourths of completed youth suicides occurring at the IAs. In parsing cause of IA death in the all-age cohort, the contribution of firearms figured even more prominently in the subsample of youth (85.0%) than in those at least 25 years old (64.3%). The high IA lethality suggests that prevention efforts commencing after the IA are too late for most victims.
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16
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Denton EGD, Musa GJ, Hoven C. Suicide behaviour among Guyanese orphans: identification of suicide risk and protective factors in a low- to middle-income country. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 29:187-195. [DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1372286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen-ge D. Denton
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York College of Staten Island, Staten Island, USA
| | - George J. Musa
- Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University–New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Christina Hoven
- Global Psychiatric Epidemiology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University–New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
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17
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James KM, Woody ML, Feurer C, Kudinova AY, Gibb BE. Disrupted physiological reactivity among children with a history of suicidal ideation: Moderation by parental expressed emotion-criticism. Biol Psychol 2017; 130:22-29. [PMID: 29030216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine physiological reactivity during parent-child interactions in children with and without a history of suicidal ideation (SI), a group known to be at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the future. We also examined the potential moderating role of parental expressed emotion-criticism (EE-Crit) to determine whether the presence of parental criticism may help to identify a subgroup of children with a history of SI most at risk for physiological dysregulation. METHOD Participants were 396 children (age 7-11; 54% male, 71.7% Caucasian) and their biological parent. Children's levels of high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) were assessed during a resting baseline period followed by a positive and negative discussion with their parent. Additionally, parents completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample to determine levels of EE-Crit toward their child, and children completed an interview assessing their history of SI. RESULTS Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that exposure to parental criticism moderated the relation between a child's history of SI and their HF-HRV reactivity to the discussions. Specifically, while most children exhibited the typical pattern of HF-HRV suppression from baseline to both interactions, the highest risk children (i.e., children with a history of SI who also had highly critical parents) did not display any change in HF-HRV across the tasks, suggesting a failure to engage a typical psychophysiological response during emotional contexts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a specific physiological mechanism that may place these children at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera M James
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY), USA.
| | - Mary L Woody
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY), USA
| | - Cope Feurer
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY), USA
| | | | - Brandon E Gibb
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY), USA
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18
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Holland KM, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Logan JE, Leemis RW. Antecedents of Suicide among Youth Aged 11-15: A Multistate Mixed Methods Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1598-1610. [PMID: 27844461 PMCID: PMC5961726 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youth aged 11 to 15, taking over 5,500 lives from 2003 to 2014. Suicide among this age group is linked to risk factors such as mental health problems, family history of suicidal behavior, biological factors, family problems, and peer victimization and bullying. However, few studies have examined the frequency with which such problems occur among youth suicide decedents or the context in which decedents experience these risk factors and the complex interplay of risk that results in a decedent's decision to take his/her own life. Data from a random sample of 482 youth (ages 11-15) suicide cases captured in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003 to 2014 were analyzed. The sample had fewer girls than boys (31 vs. 69 %) and comprised primarily White youth (79 %), but also African Americans (13 %), Asians (4 %), and youth of other races (4 %). Narrative data from coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement investigative reports were coded and analyzed to identify common behavioral patterns that preceded suicide. Emergent themes were quantified and examined using content and constant comparative analysis. Themes regarding antecedents across multiple levels of the social ecology emerged. Relationship problems, particularly with parents, were the most common suicide antecedent. Also, a pattern demonstrating a consistent progression toward suicidal behavior emerged from the data. Narratives indicated that youth were commonly exposed to one or more problems, often resulting in feelings of loneliness and burdensomeness, which progressed toward thoughts and sometimes plans for or attempts at suicide. Continued exposure to negative experiences and thoughts/plans about suicide, and/or self-injurious acts resulted in an acquired capacity to self-harm, eventually leading to suicide. These findings provide support for theories of suicidal behavior and highlight the importance of multi-level, comprehensive interventions that address individual cognitions and build social connectedness and support, as well as prevention strategies that increase awareness of the warning signs and symptoms of suicide, particularly among family members of at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Holland
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph E Logan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth W Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Mackin DM, Perlman G, Davila J, Kotov R, Klein DN. Social support buffers the effect of interpersonal life stress on suicidal ideation and self-injury during adolescence. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1149-1161. [PMID: 27995812 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of life stress on suicidal symptoms during adolescence is well documented. Stressful life events can trigger suicidality, but most adolescents are resilient and it is unclear which factors protect against the deleterious impact of stress. Social support is thought to be one such factor. Therefore, we investigated the buffering effect of specific sources of social support (parental and peer) on life stress (interpersonal and non-interpersonal) in predicting suicidal symptoms during adolescence. In order to test the specificity of this stress buffering, we also examined it with regard to dysphoric mood. METHOD Data come from the Adolescent Development of Emotions and Personality Traits (ADEPT) Project, a cohort of 550 adolescent females aged 13.5-15.5 recruited from Long Island. Self-reported social support, suicidality, and dysphoria were assessed at baseline and suicidality and dysphoria were assessed again at 9-month follow-up. Life stress was assessed by interview at the follow-up. RESULTS High levels of parental support protected adolescent girls from developing suicidal symptoms following a stressor. This effect was less pronounced for peer support. Also, social support did not buffer the pathogenic effects of non-interpersonal stress. Finally, social support did not buffer the effect of life stress on dysphoric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results highlight a distinct developmental pathway for the development of suicidal symptoms involving parental support that differs from the development of dysphoria, and signifies the importance and specificity of social support in protecting against suicidality in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mackin
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY,USA
| | - G Perlman
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY,USA
| | - J Davila
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY,USA
| | - R Kotov
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY,USA
| | - D N Klein
- Stony Brook University,Stony Brook, NY,USA
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20
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Flamarique I, Santosh P, Zuddas A, Arango C, Purper-Ouakil D, Hoekstra PJ, Coghill D, Schulze U, Dittmann RW, Buitelaar JK, Lievesley K, Frongia R, Llorente C, Méndez I, Sala R, Fiori F, Castro-Fornieles J. Development and psychometric properties of the Suicidality: Treatment Occurring in Paediatrics (STOP) Suicidality Assessment Scale (STOP-SAS) in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:213. [PMID: 27964729 PMCID: PMC5155380 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create a self-reported, internet-based questionnaire for the assessment of suicide risk in children and adolescents. METHODS As part of the EU project 'Suicidality: Treatment Occurring in Paediatrics' (STOP project), we developed web-based Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for children and adolescents and for proxy reports by parents and clinicians in order to assess suicidality. Based on a literature review, expert panels and focus groups of patients, we developed the items of the STOP Suicidality Assessment Scale (STOP-SAS) in Spanish and English, translated it into four more languages, and optimized it for web-based presentation using the HealthTrackerTM platform. Of the total 19 questions developed for the STOP-SAS, four questions that assess low-level suicidality were identified as screening questions (three of them for use with children, and all four for use with adolescents, parents and clinicians). A total of 395 adolescents, 110 children, 637 parents and 716 clinicians completed the questionnaire using the HealthTrackerTM, allowing us to evaluate the internal consistency and convergent validity of the STOP-SAS with the clinician-rated Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Validity was also assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of the STOP-SAS with the C-SSRS. RESULTS The STOP-SAS comprises 19 items in its adolescent, parent, and clinician versions, and 14 items in its children's version. Good internal consistency was found for adolescents (Cronbach's alpha: 0.965), children (Cronbach's alpha: 0.922), parents (Cronbach's alpha: 0.951) and clinicians (Cronbach's alpha: 0.955) versions. A strong correlation was found between the STOP-SAS and the C-SSRS for adolescents (r:0.670), parents (r:0.548), clinicians (r:0.863) and children (r:0.654). The ROC area was good for clinicians' (0.917), adolescents' (0.834) and parents' (0.756) versions but only fair (0.683) for children's version. CONCLUSIONS The STOP-SAS is a comprehensive, web-based PROM developed on the HealthTrackerTM platform, and co-designed for use by adolescents, children, parents and clinicians. It allows the evaluation of aspects of suicidality and shows good reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Flamarique
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, SGR1119, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, C/Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, 08036 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Zuddas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C. Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Purper-Ouakil
- CHRU Montpellier, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U894-Team 1. Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - P. J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - U. Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - R. W. Dittmann
- Paediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. K. Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, and Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K. Lievesley
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R. Frongia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C. Llorente
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERSAM, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Méndez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, SGR1119, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, C/Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, 08036 Spain
| | - R. Sala
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - F. Fiori
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - J. Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, SGR1119, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, C/Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, 08036 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Capaldi DM. The Reliability of Retrospective Report for Timing First Sexual Intercourse for Adolescent Males. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743554896113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have employed retrospective report of the timing of events at adolescence, particularly of age atfirst sexual intercourse. The value of such studies rests on the assumption of reliability of the report of age on the occasion. The current study provides a test of the reliability of report of age atfirst intercourse over relatively short peniods of time and consistency of reports of ever having engaged in intercourse. Subjects were an at-risk sample of approximately 200 adolescent boys in the Oregon Youth Study. Every yearfrom Grade 8 through Grade 11, subjects were asked if they had ever had sexual intercourse and when was thefirst time. Consistency of responses as to whether they had ever had intercourse was high. Report of age at first intercourse, however, appeared very unreliable. Behavioralfactors were assessedfor their possible association with unreliable date reporting.
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22
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Torcasso G, Hilt LM. Suicide Prevention Among High School Students: Evaluation of a Nonrandomized Trial of a Multi-stage Suicide Screening Program. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-016-9366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Dugas EN, Low NC, O'Loughlin EK, O'Loughlin JL. Recurrent suicidal ideation in young adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2015; 106:e303-7. [PMID: 26451992 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent suicidal ideation (SI) may be linked to an increased risk of making suicide plans and suicide attempts. The objectives were to describe the frequency of SI recurrence in a population-based sample of young adults, and to compare mental health diagnoses, substance use, use of health services and medication use among those with and without recurrent SI. METHODS Data were collected from 785 participants at age 20 years and again at age 24. Chi-square tests were used to compare participants with and without recurrent SI. RESULTS Of 56 participants who reported SI at age 20, 32% reported SI four years later. Thirty-nine percent of participants with recurrent SI reported poor mental health compared to 8% of participants who never reported SI; 11% (vs. 4%) had sought professional help, 44% (vs. 8%) had been diagnosed with a mood and/or anxiety disorder, and 22% (vs. 2%) had taken medication for a mental health problem. Past-year substance use was higher among those with recurrent SI than among those with no SI: 67% vs. 42% smoked cigarettes, 56% vs. 39% used other tobacco products, 89% vs. 74% binge drank, 56% vs. 42% used marijuana and 33% vs. 17% reported using illicit drugs. CONCLUSION One third of young adults with a history of SI reported SI four years later. Because SI can recur, clinicians should monitor young adults with a history of SI, assess their substance use and mood/anxiety disorders and if needed, refer them for psychological or psychiatric care.
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24
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Murphy SM. Determinants of Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: Rural Versus Urban. J Rural Health 2013; 30:175-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Health Policy and Administration; Washington State University; Spokane Washington
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25
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Park S. Predictors of suicidal ideation in late childhood and adolescence: a 5-year follow-up of two nationally representative cohorts in the Republic of Korea. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:81-96. [PMID: 23356784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the trajectory of suicidal ideation in childhood and adolescence and identifies its strong predictors. Secondary data obtained from two nationally representative cohorts of South Korean youth were longitudinally analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and discrete time survival analysis. This study revealed an increase in the occurrence of suicidal ideation in adolescence, a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation among females than among males, and differences in predictors of suicide ideation by developmental stages and gender. The results suggest that multifaceted factors specific to developmental stages and gender should be simultaneously considered to diminish the occurrences of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Park
- College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Skala K, Kapusta ND, Schlaff G, Unseld M, Erfurth A, Lesch OM, Walter H, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Suicidal ideation and temperament: an investigation among college students. J Affect Disord 2012; 141:399-405. [PMID: 22475473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major health problem accounting for up to 1.5 percent of all deaths worldwide and represents one of the most common causes of death in adolescents and young adults. A number of studies has been performed to establish risk factors for suicide in patients with psychiatric disorders including temperamental features. This study set out to assess the relationship between suicidal ideation and temperament in young adults. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of healthy college students (n=1381) was examined using a self-rating questionnaire. Suicidal ideation, social background, educational status, substance abuse, and affective temperament according to TEMPS-M were assessed. Predictors of lifetime suicidal ideation were examined in multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was reported by 12.5% of all subjects at some point in their life and was higher in nicotine dependents, youth with alcohol related problems and users of illicit substances as well as in youth with lower educational status. Lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with the anxious, depressive and cyclothymic temperament in both sexes and the irritable temperament in males. These results remained significant after adjustment for smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, drug experience and educational status in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. LIMITATIONS The use of self-rating instruments always reduces objectivity and introduces the possibility of misreporting. CONCLUSIONS Considering the fact that many subjects completing suicide have never been diagnosed with mental disorders it might be reasonable to include an investigation of temperament in screenings for risk of suicide. This might be especially useful for health care professionals without mental health care background.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Skala
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Dugas E, Low NCP, Rodriguez D, Burrows S, Contreras G, Chaiton M, O'Loughlin J. Early predictors of suicidal ideation in young adults. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2012; 57:429-36. [PMID: 22762298 DOI: 10.1177/070674371205700706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify early predictors of suicidal ideation in young adults, and to determine when specific time-varying determinants become important in predicting later suicidal ideation. METHODS Data were available for 877 participants in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study, an ongoing prospective cohort of students aged 12 to 13 years at cohort inception in 1999. Time-invariant covariates included age, sex, mother's education, language, and self-esteem. Time-varying covariates included depression symptoms, family stress, other stress, alcohol use, cigarette use, and team sports. Independent predictors of past-year suicidal ideation at age 20 years were identified in 5 multivariable logistic regression analyses, one for each of grades 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. RESULTS Eight per cent of participants (mean age 20.4 years [SD 0.7]; 46% male) reported suicidal ideation in the past year. In grade 7, none of the potential predictor variables were statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation. In grade 8, participation in sports teams in and (or) outside of school protected against suicidal ideation (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8; P = 0.002). Depression symptoms in grades 9, 10, and 11 were independent predictors of suicidal ideation (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.2, OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5, and OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4, respectively). No other variables were statistically significant in the multivariate models. CONCLUSION Depression symptoms as early as in grade 9 predict suicidal ideation in early adulthood. It is possible that early detection and treatment of depression symptoms are warranted as part of suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dugas
- Nicotine Dependence in Teens Project Coordinator, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mazza JJ, Catalano RF, Abbott RD, Haggerty KP. An examination of the validity of retrospective measures of suicide attempts in youth. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:532-7. [PMID: 22018569 PMCID: PMC3200534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study used prospective data to investigate the validity of a retrospective measure of suicide attempts from four different perspectives. METHODS Data were retrieved from 883 participants in the Raising Healthy Children project, a longitudinal study of youth recruited from a Pacific Northwest school district. The retrospective measure was collected when participants were 18-19 years of age and results were compared with measures of depressive symptoms collected prospectively. RESULTS Results showed strong corroboration between retrospective reports of first suicide attempt and prospective measures of depression, with attempters experiencing significantly more depression than their nonattempting peers, t (df = 853) = 10.26, p < .001. In addition, within the attempter group, depression scores during the year of their reported first attempt were significantly higher than the average depression score across previous years, t (df = 67) = 3.01, p < .01. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that the reports of older adolescents regarding their suicide attempts are corroborated by their prospective reports of depression in childhood and earlier adolescence. Thus, there is support that retrospective measures of suicidal behavior, namely suicide attempts, may be a valid method of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Mazza
- College of Education, Educational Psychology, University of Washington, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-3600; fax: (206)616-6311. , (206)616-6373
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington School of Social Work, 9725 3 Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115; fax: (206)543-4507. , (206)543-6382
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- College of Education, Educational Psychology, University of Washington, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-3600; fax: (206)616-6311. , (206)543-1139
| | - Kevin P. Haggerty
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington School of Social Work, 9725 3 Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115; fax: (206)543-4507. , (206)543-3188
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Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev 2008; 30:133-54. [PMID: 18653727 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxn002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1443] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. Information about the epidemiology of such behavior is important for policy-making and prevention. The authors reviewed government data on suicide and suicidal behavior and conducted a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology of suicide published from 1997 to 2007. The authors' aims were to examine the prevalence of, trends in, and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in the United States and cross-nationally. The data revealed significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior but consistency in age of onset, transition probabilities, and key risk factors. Suicide is more prevalent among men, whereas nonfatal suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among women and persons who are young, are unmarried, or have a psychiatric disorder. Despite an increase in the treatment of suicidal persons over the past decade, incidence rates of suicidal behavior have remained largely unchanged. Most epidemiologic research on suicidal behavior has focused on patterns and correlates of prevalence. The next generation of studies must examine synergistic effects among modifiable risk and protective factors. New studies must incorporate recent advances in survey methods and clinical assessment. Results should be used in ongoing efforts to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Room 1280, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Connor JJ, Rueter MA. Parent-child relationships as systems of support or risk for adolescent suicidality. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2006; 20:143-55. [PMID: 16569099 DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined a process model of predicting adolescent suicidality. Adolescent emotional distress was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between parental behaviors and subsequent adolescent suicidality. The parental behaviors studied included parental warmth and parental hostility. A sample of 451 families from rural Iowa participated in this longitudinal study, which included both observational and self-report data. Models were tested with structural equation modeling. Adolescent emotional distress was found to be a mediating variable between paternal warmth and adolescent suicidality. Results indicated that maternal warmth predicted adolescent suicidality but not emotional distress. Parental hostility did not predict either latent variable. Clinical implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Connor
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Hales H, Davison S, Misch P, Taylor PJ. Young male prisoners in a Young Offenders' Institution: their contact with suicidal behaviour by others. J Adolesc 2004; 26:667-85. [PMID: 14643739 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-1971(03)00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prison suicide rates are increasing. The impact of witnessing a suicide or how many people do so is unknown. The aim of this study was to find how many young people detained in a Young Offenders' Institution (YOI) have had contact with another's suicide attempt and to test for association between this and own self-harming behaviour. A questionnaire, developed for the project, was distributed within a YOI. 74% (355/480) responded. One hundred and fifty-one (43%) of the young men reported that they knew someone who had attempted suicide, 48 of them knowing someone who had thereby died. The contact with a non-fatal suicide attempted by others was associated with own self-harm (OR 1.73, CI 1.39-21.4, p<0.01); contact with completed suicide had no such association. The most important factor that increased the chance of knowing a suicide attempter was actual length of time spent in prison up to the time of the study; 95 (63%) of the young men with such contact had it in prison. No other significant vulnerability factors were identified. It seems likely that imprisonment is a specific vulnerability factor for self-harm, one explanation being that it increases the risk of exposure to a contact with suicidal behaviour by others. Further work is called for to test relationships between such exposure and own behaviour over time, and to gather first hand accounts from the young men in such circumstances in order to understand the meaning for them of the contact with suicidal behaviour by others. This would inform appropriate intervention strategies, and could save much morbidity, and even mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hales
- Department of Forensic Mental Health Science, Institute of Psychiatry, KCL DeCrespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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32
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Time-Limited Cognitive-Behavioral Group Interventions with Suicidal Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1300/j009v22n02_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marcenko MO, Fishman G, Friedman J. Reexamining Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: A Developmental Perspective Applied to a Diverse Population. J Youth Adolesc 1999. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1021628709915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Yoder KA, Hoyt DR, Whitbeck LB. Suicidal Behavior Among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 1998. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1022813916476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Seidman E, Aber JL, Allen L, French SE. The impact of the transition to high school on the self-system and perceived social context of poor urban youth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 1996; 24:489-515. [PMID: 8969448 DOI: 10.1007/bf02506794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Examined the effects of the normative school transition to senior high school (n = 330) on the self-system and perceived school and peer social contexts of poor, black (n = 83), European American (n = 115), Latino (n = 105), and Asian American (n = 27) youth in the public school systems of three Eastern urban cities. The only negative effect of the school transition on the self-system was a decline in grade point average (GPA). Concurrently, the school transition was perceived to be associated with changes in the school and peer contexts. Across the transition, students reported increased disengagement from school (i.e., increased social support and extracurricular involvement) and increased engagement with peers (i.e., decreased daily hassles and increased involvement). These changes in the school and peer microsystems, like the changes in the self-system, were also common across race/ethnicity and gender. In addition, transition-associated school changes, and in particular changes in daily academic demands/hassles and involvement in school activities, were associated with changes in the academic dimensions of the self-system (i.e., academic efficacy expectations and GPA). Results and implications for preventive intervention are discussed within a developmental mismatch framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Seidman
- Psychology Department, New York University, New York 10003, USA
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Sahin N, Sahin NH, Turner S. Stereotypes of suicide causes for three age/gender cohorts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00207599408246542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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De Man AF, Leduc CP. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A SELF-REPORT SUICIDE IDEATION SCALE FOR USE WITH ADOLESCENTS. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 1994. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.1994.22.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
English-Canadian high school students (60 boys, 51 girls) participated in a study of the reliability and validity of a self-report version of the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Item analysis, coefficient alpha, and split-half coefficient suggested good reliability. Correlations with selected
personality variables were obtained. Associations were found between suicide ideation and measures of self-esteem, external locus of control, anomy, negative stress, and depression. The scale's correlational characteristics agreed with findings reported in the literature.
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McNulty L. Thinking About Suicide? EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/0266736910060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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