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Gijbels A, Erdős B, Trouwborst I, Jardon KM, Adriaens ME, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Feskens EJM, Afman LA. Hepatic insulin resistance and muscle insulin resistance are characterized by distinct postprandial plasma metabolite profiles: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:97. [PMID: 38493102 PMCID: PMC10944619 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) predominantly in muscle (muscle IR) or liver (liver IR) has previously been linked to distinct fasting metabolite profiles, but postprandial metabolite profiles have not been investigated in tissue-specific IR yet. Given the importance of postprandial metabolic impairments in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases, we compared postprandial plasma metabolite profiles in response to a high-fat mixed meal between individuals with predominant muscle IR or liver IR. METHODS This cross-sectional study included data from 214 women and men with BMI 25-40 kg/m2, aged 40-75 years, and with predominant muscle IR or liver IR. Tissue-specific IR was assessed using the muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI), which were calculated from the glucose and insulin responses during a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma samples were collected before (T = 0) and after (T = 30, 60, 120, 240 min) consumption of a high-fat mixed meal and 247 metabolite measures, including lipoproteins, cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), ketone bodies, and amino acids, were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Differences in postprandial plasma metabolite iAUCs between muscle and liver IR were tested using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, sex, center, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. P-values were adjusted for a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05 using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS Sixty-eight postprandial metabolite iAUCs were significantly different between liver and muscle IR. Liver IR was characterized by greater plasma iAUCs of large VLDL (p = 0.004), very large VLDL (p = 0.002), and medium-sized LDL particles (p = 0.026), and by greater iAUCs of TAG in small VLDL (p = 0.025), large VLDL (p = 0.003), very large VLDL (p = 0.002), all LDL subclasses (all p < 0.05), and small HDL particles (p = 0.011), compared to muscle IR. In liver IR, the postprandial plasma fatty acid (FA) profile consisted of a higher percentage of saturated FA (p = 0.013), and a lower percentage of polyunsaturated FA (p = 0.008), compared to muscle IR. CONCLUSION People with muscle IR or liver IR have distinct postprandial plasma metabolite profiles, with more unfavorable postprandial metabolite responses in those with liver IR compared to muscle IR.
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Grants
- AF-16505 The project was organized by and executed under the auspices of TiFN, a public-private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. Funding for this research was obtained from the industry partners DSM Nutritional Products, FrieslandCampina, Danone Nutricia Research, AMRA Medical AB, and the Top-sector Agri&Food.
- The project was organized by and executed under the auspices of TiFN, a public-private partnership on precompetitive research in food and nutrition. Funding for this research was obtained from the industry partners DSM Nutritional Products, FrieslandCampina, Danone Nutricia Research, AMRA Medical AB, and the Top-sector Agri&Food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- TI Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Balázs Erdős
- TI Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- TI Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- TI Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel E Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- TI Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Xiang X, Jiang Q, Yang H, Zhou X, Chen Y, Chen H, Liu S, Chen L. A review on shellfish polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization and amelioration of metabolic syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974860. [PMID: 36176638 PMCID: PMC9513460 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shellfish are diverse, widely distributed organisms that are a rich source of biological resources. Polysaccharides are an important components in shellfish, hence a great deal of attention has been directed at isolation and characterization of shellfish polysaccharides because of their numerous health benefits. Differences in shellfish species, habits, and environment result in the diversity of the structure and composition of polysaccharides. Thus, shellfish polysaccharides possess special biological activities. Studies have shown that shellfish polysaccharides exert biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, immune-regulation, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and antihyperglycemic effects, and are widely used in cosmetics, health products, and medicine. This review spotlights the extraction and purification methods of shellfish polysaccharides and analyses their structures, biological activities and conformational relationships; discusses the regulatory mechanism of shellfish polysaccharides on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia caused by lipid metabolism disorders; and summarizes its alleviation of lipid metabolism-related diseases. This review provides a reference for the in-depth development and utilization of shellfish polysaccharides as a functional food to regulate lipid metabolism-related diseases. To achieve high value utilization of marine shellfish resources while actively promoting the development of marine biological industry and health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shulai Liu,
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericultural and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Chen,
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Dixon ED, Nardo AD, Claudel T, Trauner M. The Role of Lipid Sensing Nuclear Receptors (PPARs and LXR) and Metabolic Lipases in Obesity, Diabetes and NAFLD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050645. [PMID: 33926085 PMCID: PMC8145571 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic inflexibility with multiple pathological organ manifestations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors with a multifaceted role in controlling many metabolic activities, such as regulation of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and modulation of inflammatory genes. The activity of nuclear receptors is key in maintaining metabolic flexibility. Their activity depends on the availability of endogenous ligands, like fatty acids or oxysterols, and their derivatives produced by the catabolic action of metabolic lipases, most of which are under the control of nuclear receptors. For example, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and conversely releases fatty acids as ligands for PPARα, therefore, demonstrating the interdependency of nuclear receptors and lipases. The diverse biological functions and importance of nuclear receptors in metabolic syndrome and NAFLD has led to substantial effort to target them therapeutically. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of lipases and selected nuclear receptors, PPARs, and liver X receptor (LXR) in obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Trauner
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-4004-7410; Fax: +43-14-0400-4735
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Blaue D, Schedlbauer C, Starzonek J, Gittel C, Brehm W, Blüher M, Pfeffer M, Vervuert I. The influence of equine body weight gain on inflammatory cytokine expressions of adipose tissue in response to endotoxin challenge. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:17. [PMID: 32321549 PMCID: PMC7178607 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human obesity is linked with systemic inflammation. However, it is still controversial if equines produce more inflammatory cytokines with increasing body weight and if the production of those show breed type specific patterns. The main objective of this study was to determine if diet induced obesity is associated with increased inflammatory signatures in adipose tissue of equines and if a breed predisposition exists between ponies and horses. Additionally, we aimed to identify adipose tissue depot differences in inflammatory cytokine expression. Nineteen healthy, non-overweight and metabolically healthy equines received a hypercaloric diet for 2 years. Body weight, body condition score and cresty neck score were assessed weekly throughout the study. At three time points, insulin sensitivity was determined by a combined glucose-insulin test. Adipose tissue samples were collected from two intra-abdominal and two subcutaneous depots under general anesthesia at each time point after an endotoxin trigger. In the adipose tissue samples levels of CD68 mRNA (a marker of macrophage infiltration) and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) were analyzed with RT-qPCR. As markers of lipid metabolism mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were determined with RT-qPCR. Results CD68 mRNA levels increased with body weight gain in several adipose tissue (AT) depots (Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction; retroperitoneal AT horses: P = 0.023, mesocolonial AT horses: P = 0.023, subcutaneous tail head AT ponies: P = 0.015). In both abdominal depots CD68 mRNA levels were higher than in subcutaneous adipose tissue depots (Kruskal–Wallis-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction: P < 0.05). No breed related differences were found. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα levels were higher in subcutaneous depots compared to abdominal depots after body weight gain. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA levels of mesocolon adipose tissue were higher in obese horses compared to obese ponies (Mann–Whitney-U test; IL-1β: P = 0.006; IL-6: P = 0.003; TNFα: P = 0.049). In general, horses had higher FABP4 and LPL mRNA levels compared to ponies in neck AT and tail AT at all time points. Conclusion Our findings suggest an increased invasion of macrophages in intra-abdominal adipose tissue with increasing body weight gain in equines in combination with a low dose endotoxin stimulus. This might predispose equines to obesity related comorbidities. In obese horses mesocolon adipose tissue showed higher inflammatory cytokine expression compared to obese ponies. Additionally, subcutaneous adipose tissue expressed more pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to intra-abdominal adipose tissue. Horses had higher FABP4 and LPL mRNA levels in selected AT depots which may indicate a higher fat storage capacity than in ponies. The differences in lipid storage might be associated with a higher susceptibility to obesity-related comorbidities in ponies in comparison to horses.
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Tojal A, Neves C, Veiga H, Ferreira S, Rodrigues I, Martel F, Calhau C, Negrão R, Keating E. Perigestational high folic acid: impact on offspring's peripheral metabolic response. Food Funct 2019; 10:7216-7226. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01807g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perigestational excess folic acid programmed offspring to increased weight gain, but also to adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with Lpl upregulation, and to hyperglycemia, possibly due to VAT and skeletal muscle Glut4 downregulation.
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Bozzetto L, Costabile G, Della Pepa G, Ciciola P, Vetrani C, Vitale M, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. Dietary Fibre as a Unifying Remedy for the Whole Spectrum of Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2018; 10:E943. [PMID: 30037123 PMCID: PMC6073249 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic carrying the heavy burden of multiple and serious co-morbidities including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiological processes leading to the accumulation of body fat slowly evolve to fat accumulation in other body compartments than subcutaneous tissue. This abnormal fat deposition determines insulin resistance which in turn causes blood glucose and lipid metabolism derangement, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. All these conditions contribute to increase the cardiovascular risk of obese people. Several randomized clinical trials demonstrated that moderate weight loss (5⁻10%) in obese patients improves obesity-related metabolic risk factors and coexisting disorders. Therefore, nutritional strategies able to facilitate weight management, and in the meantime positively influence obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors, should be implemented. To this aim, a suitable option could be dietary fibres that may also act independently of weight loss. The present narrative review summarizes the current evidence about the effects of dietary fibres on weight management in obese people. Moreover, all of the different cardiovascular risk factors are individually considered and evidence on cardiovascular outcomes is summarized. We also describe the plausible mechanisms by which different dietary fibres could modulate cardio-metabolic risk factors. Overall, despite both epidemiological and intervention studies on weight loss that show statistically significant but negligible clinical effects, dietary fibres seem to have a beneficial impact on main pathophysiological pathways involved in cardiovascular risk (i.e., insulin resistance, renin-angiotensin, and sympathetic nervous systems). Although the evidence is not conclusive, this suggests that fibre would be a suitable option to counteract obesity-related cardio-metabolic diseases also independently of weight loss. However, evidence is not consistent for the different risk factors, with clear beneficial effects shown on blood glucose metabolism and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol while there is fewer, and less consistent data shown on plasma triglyceride and blood pressure. Ascribing the beneficial effect of some foods (i.e., fruits and vegetables) solely to their fibre content requires more investigation on the pathophysiological role of other dietary components, such as polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Ciciola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Laperrousaz E, Moullé VS, Denis RG, Kassis N, Berland C, Colsch B, Fioramonti X, Philippe E, Lacombe A, Vanacker C, Butin N, Bruce KD, Wang H, Wang Y, Gao Y, Garcia-Caceres C, Prévot V, Tschöp MH, Eckel RH, Le Stunff H, Luquet S, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C. Lipoprotein lipase in hypothalamus is a key regulator of body weight gain and glucose homeostasis in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1314-1324. [PMID: 28456865 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Regulation of energy balance involves the participation of many factors, including nutrients, among which are circulating lipids, acting as peripheral signals informing the central nervous system of the energy status of the organism. It has been shown that neuronal lipoprotein lipase (LPL) participates in the control of energy balance by hydrolysing lipid particles enriched in triacylglycerols. Here, we tested the hypothesis that LPL in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), a well-known nucleus implicated in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, could also contribute to the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. METHODS We injected an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing Cre-green fluorescent protein into the MBH of Lpl-floxed mice (and wild-type mice) to specifically decrease LPL activity in the MBH. In parallel, we injected an AAV overexpressing Lpl into the MBH of wild-type mice. We then studied energy homeostasis and hypothalamic ceramide content. RESULTS The partial deletion of Lpl in the MBH in mice led to an increase in body weight compared with controls (37.72 ± 0.7 g vs 28.46 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) associated with a decrease in locomotor activity. These mice developed hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance. This phenotype also displayed reduced expression of Cers1 in the hypothalamus as well as decreased concentration of several C18 species of ceramides and a 3-fold decrease in total ceramide intensity. Conversely, overexpression of Lpl specifically in the MBH induced a decrease in body weight. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study shows that LPL in the MBH is an important regulator of body weight and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Laperrousaz
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Valentine S Moullé
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Raphaël G Denis
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Chloé Berland
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benoit Colsch
- CEA-Centre d'Etude de Saclay, Laboratoire d'étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Amélie Lacombe
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Charlotte Vanacker
- Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Neurobese International Associated Laboratory, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Inserm U1172, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Noémie Butin
- CEA-Centre d'Etude de Saclay, Laboratoire d'étude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yongping Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuanqing Gao
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Garcia-Caceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Samuel VT, Shulman GI. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance: integrating signaling pathways and substrate flux. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:12-22. [PMID: 26727229 DOI: 10.1172/jci77812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance arises when the nutrient storage pathways evolved to maximize efficient energy utilization are exposed to chronic energy surplus. Ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle triggers pathways that impair insulin signaling, leading to reduced muscle glucose uptake and decreased hepatic glycogen synthesis. Muscle insulin resistance, due to ectopic lipid, precedes liver insulin resistance and diverts ingested glucose to the liver, resulting in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and hyperlipidemia. Subsequent macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to increased lipolysis, which further increases hepatic triglyceride synthesis and hyperlipidemia due to increased fatty acid esterification. Macrophage-induced WAT lipolysis also stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, promoting fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia through increased fatty acid delivery to the liver, which results in increased hepatic acetyl-CoA content, a potent activator of pyruvate carboxylase, and increased glycerol conversion to glucose. These substrate-regulated processes are mostly independent of insulin signaling in the liver but are dependent on insulin signaling in WAT, which becomes defective with inflammation. Therapies that decrease ectopic lipid storage and diminish macrophage-induced WAT lipolysis will reverse the root causes of type 2 diabetes.
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Liu SH, Cai FY, Chiang MT. Long-Term Feeding of Chitosan Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a High-Fructose-Diet-Impaired Rat Model of Glucose Tolerance. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7302-13. [PMID: 26690452 PMCID: PMC4699240 DOI: 10.3390/md13127067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of chitosan on plasma glucose and lipids in rats fed a high-fructose (HF) diet (63.1%). Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were used as experimental animals. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal group (normal); (2) HF group; (3) chitosan + HF group (HF + C). The rats were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 21 weeks. The results showed that chitosan (average molecular weight was about 3.8 × 10⁵ Dalton and degree of deacetylation was about 89.8%) significantly decreased body weight, paraepididymal fat mass, and retroperitoneal fat mass weight, but elevated the lipolysis rate in retroperitoneal fats of HF diet-fed rats. Supplementation of chitosan causes a decrease in plasma insulin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, and leptin, and an increase in plasma adiponectin. The HF diet increased hepatic lipids. However, intake of chitosan reduced the accumulation of hepatic lipids, including total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents. In addition, chitosan elevated the excretion of fecal lipids in HF diet-fed rats. Furthermore, chitosan significantly decreased plasma TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), the TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, and increased the HDL-C/(LDL-C + VLDL-C) ratio, but elevated the plasma TG and free fatty acids concentrations in HF diet-fed rats. Plasma angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein expression was not affected by the HF diet, but it was significantly increased in chitosan-supplemented, HF-diet-fed rats. The high-fructose diet induced an increase in plasma glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, but chitosan supplementation decreased plasma glucose and improved impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that supplementation with chitosan can improve the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in a HF-diet-fed rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 104, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Ying Cai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Miksztowicz V, Schreier L, McCoy M, Lucero D, Fassio E, Billheimer J, Rader DJ, Berg G. Role of SN1 lipases on plasma lipids in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:669-75. [PMID: 24458708 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the phospholipase activity of endothelial (EL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in postheparin plasma of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS)/obesity and their relationship with atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins. Additionally, to evaluate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and HL activity as triglyceride (TG)-hydrolyses to complete the analyses of SN1 lipolytic enzymes in the same patient. APPROACH AND RESULTS Plasma EL, HL, and LPL activities were evaluated in 59 patients with MS and 36 controls. A trend toward higher EL activity was observed in MS. EL activity was increased in obese compared with normal weight group (P=0.009) and was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.014 and P=0.005) and apolipoprotein A-I (P=0.045 and P=0.001) in control and MS group, respectively. HL activity, as TG-hydrolase, was increased in MS (P=0.025) as well as in obese group (P=0.017); directly correlated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.005) and apolipoprotein B (P=0.003) and negatively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.021) in control group. LPL was decreased in MS (P<0.001) as well as in overweight and obese compared with normal weight group (P=0.015 and P=0.004, respectively); inversely correlated %TG-very low-density lipoproteins (P=0.04) and TG/apolipoprotein B index (P=0.013) in control group. These associations were not found in MS. CONCLUSIONS We describe for the first time EL and HL activity as phospholipases in MS/obesity, being both responsible for high-density lipoprotein catabolism. Our results elucidate part of the remaining controversies about SN1 lipases activity in MS and different grades of obesity. The impact of insulin resistance on the activity of the 3 enzymes determines the lipoprotein alterations observed in these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miksztowicz
- From the Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (V.M., L.S., D.L., G.B.); Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA (M.M., J.B., D.J.R.); and Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Prof. A. Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.F.)
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11
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Collis LG, Chambers DJ, Carr B. Hypertriglyceridaemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: Is Plasmapheresis Really Indicated? 3C00. J Intensive Care Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/175114371401500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented with severe acute pancreatitis, thought to be hypertriglyceridaemia-induced. Serum triglyceride concentration fell from 42.4 mmol/L to 5.9 mmol/L by day three with fasting alone. Hypertriglyceridaemia precipitates a small but significant proportion of acute pancreatitis episodes, especially during pregnancy. Treatment strategies are discussed, with special focus on plasmapheresis. The reduction in serum triglyceride concentration achieved by plasmapheresis is similar to that achieved by fasting alone, or in conjunction with insulin or heparin therapy. It is possible that plasmapheresis may offer the patient more harm than benefit. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to either recommend or reject plasmapheresis in triglyceride-induced acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Collis
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - David J Chambers
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of South Manchester, Wythenshawe, Manchester
| | - Bryan Carr
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent
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12
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Saneyasu T, Shiragaki M, Nakanishi K, Kamisoyama H, Honda K. Effects of short term fasting on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:114-8. [PMID: 23499949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression patterns of key genes involved in lipid metabolism in response to short term fasting in chicks (Gallus gallus). The mRNA level of the genes was analyzed after 0, 2, and 4 h of fasting in the liver and white adipose tissue. In the liver, the mRNA level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α was significantly increased after 2 h of fasting. The mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a and acyl-CoA oxidase were significantly increased after 4 h of fasting. In contrast, the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, and fatty acid synthase were significantly decreased after 4 h of fasting. The mRNA levels of cholesterol metabolism-related genes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly decreased after 4 h of fasting. In the white adipose tissue, the mRNA level of adipose triglyceride lipase was significantly increased after 4 h of fasting. In contrast, the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and lipoprotein lipase were significantly decreased after 4 h of fasting. These results demonstrated that the gene expression of lipid metabolism-related genes is regulated by short term fasting in both the liver and WAT in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Wu T, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Lo LJ, Chen J, Wang Y, Peng J. Distinctive genes determine different intramuscular fat and muscle fiber ratios of the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and landrace pigs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53181. [PMID: 23301040 PMCID: PMC3536781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is determined by properties such as carcass color, tenderness and drip loss. These properties are closely associated with meat composition, which includes the types of muscle fiber and content of intramuscular fat (IMF). Muscle fibers are the main contributors to meat mass, while IMF not only contributes to the sensory properties but also to the plethora of physical, chemical and technological properties of meat. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that determine meat composition in different pig breeds. In this report we show that Jinhua pigs, a Chinese breed, contains much higher levels of IMF than do Landrace pigs, a Danish breed. We analyzed global gene expression profiles in the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and Landrace breeds at the ages of 30, 90 and 150 days. Cross-comparison analysis revealed that genes that regulate fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase) are expressed at higher levels in Jinhua pigs whereas those that regulate myogenesis (e.g., myogenic factor 6 and forkhead box O1) are expressed at higher levels in Landrace pigs. Among those genes which are highly expressed in Jinhua pigs at 90 days (d90), we identified a novel gene porcine FLJ36031 (pFLJ), which functions as a positive regulator of fat deposition in cultured intramuscular adipocytes. In summary, our data showed that the up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis regulatory genes such as pFLJ and myogenesis inhibitory genes such as myostatin in the longissimus dorsi muscles of Jinhua pigs could explain why this local breed produces meat with high levels of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jan Lo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Mager DR, Mazurak V, Rodriguez-Dimitrescu C, Vine D, Jetha M, Ball G, Yap J. A meal high in saturated fat evokes postprandial dyslipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 37:517-28. [PMID: 23223552 DOI: 10.1177/0148607112467820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia and altered lipid and lipoprotein metabolism induced by fast-food diets may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that a high saturated fat (SFA) meal would evoke prolonged postprandial lipemia and hyperinsulinemia, increased inflammation, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with NAFLD when compared with healthy children. METHODS We prospectively studied 31 children (NAFLD, 13.1 ± 2.6 years, n = 11; age-matched obese, 14.3 ± 1.7 years, n = 9; lean, 13.6 ± 2.6 years, n = 11) following consumption of a high SFA (18.8%) meal. Prior to and at 1, 3, and 6 hours after meal consumption, blood was collected for analysis of alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase (AST); γ-glutamyltransferase; leptin; C-reactive protein; (fasting) insulin; glucose; triglycerides (TGs); total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; adiponectin; nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10); apolipoproteins-B48, B100, and CIII; and fatty acid (FA) composition of TG fractions. RESULTS Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting levels of ALT (87 ± 54 U/L), AST (52 ± 33.5 U/L), and apolipoprotein-CIII (20.6 ± 11.3 mg/dL) with postprandial hyperinsulinemia (iAUC insulin: 225 ± 207 [NAFLD] vs 113 ± 73 [obese] vs 47 ± 19.9 [lean] mU/L-h; P < .001); suppression of NEFA (iAUC-NEFA: 1.7 ± 0.9 [NAFLD] vs 0.6 ± 0.3 [obese] vs 1 ± 0.7 [lean] mEq/L-h); and prolonged elevations in apolipoprotein-B48 3-6 hours after meal consumption when compared with obese and lean controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION A meal high in saturated fat evokes postprandial dyslipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with and without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Mager
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G OK2, Canada.
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Ruge T, Sukonina V, Kroupa O, Makoveichuk E, Lundgren M, Svensson MK, Olivecrona G, Eriksson JW. Effects of hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein lipase, angiopoietin-like protein 4, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2012; 61:652-60. [PMID: 22078753 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aims were to compare the systemic effects of insulin on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in tissues from subjects with different degrees of insulin sensitivity. The effects of insulin on LPL during a 4-hour hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp were studied in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and postheparin plasma from young healthy subjects (YS), older subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DS), and older control subjects (CS). In addition, we studied the effects of insulin on the expression of 2 recently recognized candidate genes for control of LPL activity: angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1. As an effect of insulin, LPL activity decreased by 20% to 25% in postheparin plasma and increased by 20% to 30% in adipose tissue in all groups. In YS, the levels of ANGPTL4 messenger RNA in adipose tissue decreased 3-fold during the clamp. In contrast, there was no significant change in DS or CS. Regression analysis showed that the ability of insulin to reduce the expression of ANGPTL4 was positively correlated with M-values and inversely correlated with factors linked to the metabolic syndrome. Expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 tended to be higher in YS than in DS or CS, but the expression was not affected by insulin in any of the groups. Our data imply that the insulin-mediated regulation of LPL is not directly linked to the control of glucose turnover by insulin or to ANGPTL4 expression in adipose tissue or plasma. Interestingly, the response of ANGPTL4 expression in adipose tissue to insulin was severely blunted in both DS and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Surgery and Peri-Operative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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