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Ma H, Sukonina V, Zhang W, Meng F, Subhash S, Palmgren H, Alexandersson I, Han H, Zhou S, Bartesaghi S, Kanduri C, Enerbäck S. The transcription factor Foxp1 regulates aerobic glycolysis in adipocytes and myocytes. J Biol Chem 2023:104795. [PMID: 37150320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lactate has been recognized as an important circulating energy substrate rather than only a dead-end metabolic waste product generated during glucose oxidation at low levels of oxygen. The term "aerobic glycolysis" has been coined to denote increased glucose uptake and lactate production despite normal oxygen levels and functional mitochondria. Hence, in "aerobic glycolysis" lactate production is a metabolic choice, whereas in "anaerobic glycolysis" it is a metabolic necessity based on inadequate levels of oxygen. Interestingly, lactate can be taken up by cells and oxidized to pyruvate and thus constitutes a source of pyruvate that is independent of insulin. Here, we show that the transcription factor Foxp1 regulates glucose uptake and lactate production in adipocytes and myocytes. Over-expression of Foxp1 leads to increased glucose uptake and lactate production. In addition, protein levels of several enzymes in the glycolytic pathway are upregulated, such as hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays, we demonstrate that Foxp1 directly interacts with promoter consensus cis-elements that regulate expression of several of these target genes. Conversely, knock-down of Foxp1 suppresses these enzyme levels and lowers glucose uptake and lactate production. Moreover, mice with a targeted deletion of Foxp1 in muscle display systemic glucose intolerance with decreased muscle glucose uptake. In primary human adipocytes with induced expression of Foxp1, we find increased glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Our results indicate Foxp1 may play an important role as a regulator of aerobic glycolysis in adipose tissue and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Sukonina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fang Meng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Santhilal Subhash
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Palmgren
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huiming Han
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, 132013, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2
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Rotter Sopasakis V, Wickelgren R, Sukonina V, Brantsing C, Svala E, Hansson E, Enerbäck S, Lindahl A, Skiöldebrand E. Elevated Glucose Levels Preserve Glucose Uptake, Hyaluronan Production, and Low Glutamate Release Following Interleukin-1β Stimulation of Differentiated Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2019; 10:491-503. [PMID: 29701083 PMCID: PMC6755873 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518770256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocytes are responsible for remodeling and maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Because of the absence of a vascular supply, chondrocytes survive in a relatively hypoxic environment and thus have limited regenerative capacity during conditions of cellular stress associated with inflammation and matrix degradation, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Glucose is essential to sustain chondrocyte metabolism and is a precursor for key matrix components. In this study, we investigated the importance of glucose as a fuel source for matrix repair during inflammation as well as the effect of glucose on inflammatory mediators associated with osteoarthritis. DESIGN To create an OA model, we used equine chondrocytes from 4 individual horses that were differentiated into cartilage pellets in vitro followed by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation for 72 hours. The cells were kept at either normoglycemic conditions (5 mM glucose) or supraphysiological glucose concentrations (25 mM glucose) during the stimulation with IL-1β. RESULTS We found that elevated glucose levels preserve glucose uptake, hyaluronan synthesis, and matrix integrity, as well as induce anti-inflammatory actions by maintaining low expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and low secretion of glutamate. CONCLUSIONS Adequate supply of glucose to chondrocytes during conditions of inflammation and matrix degradation interrupts the detrimental inflammatory cycle and induces synthesis of hyaluronan, thereby promoting cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rotter Sopasakis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Victoria Rotter Sopasakis, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ruth Wickelgren
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Sukonina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Brantsing
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emilia Svala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Sukonina V, Ma H, Zhang W, Bartesaghi S, Subhash S, Heglind M, Foyn H, Betz MJ, Nilsson D, Lidell ME, Naumann J, Haufs-Brusberg S, Palmgren H, Mondal T, Beg M, Jedrychowski MP, Taskén K, Pfeifer A, Peng XR, Kanduri C, Enerbäck S. FOXK1 and FOXK2 regulate aerobic glycolysis. Nature 2019; 566:279-283. [PMID: 30700909 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to the environment and extraction of energy are essential for survival. Some species have found niches and specialized in using a particular source of energy, whereas others-including humans and several other mammals-have developed a high degree of flexibility1. A lot is known about the general metabolic fates of different substrates but we still lack a detailed mechanistic understanding of how cells adapt in their use of basic nutrients2. Here we show that the closely related fasting/starvation-induced forkhead transcription factors FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the enzymatic machinery required for this (for example, hexokinase-2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), while at the same time suppressing further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria by increasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1 and 4. Together with suppression of the catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 this leads to increased phosphorylation of the E1α regulatory subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which in turn inhibits further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria-instead, pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Suppression of FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce the opposite phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including studies of primary human cells, show how FOXK1 and/or FOXK2 are likely to act as important regulators that reprogram cellular metabolism to induce aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sukonina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haixia Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Santhilal Subhash
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håvard Foyn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin E Lidell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Naumann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Saskia Haufs-Brusberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik Palmgren
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Kroupa O, Vorrsjö E, Stienstra R, Mattijssen F, Nilsson SK, Sukonina V, Kersten S, Olivecrona G, Olivecrona T. Linking nutritional regulation of Angptl4, Gpihbp1, and Lmf1 to lipoprotein lipase activity in rodent adipose tissue. BMC Physiol 2012; 12:13. [PMID: 23176178 PMCID: PMC3562520 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins and makes fatty acids available for tissue metabolism. The activity of the enzyme is modulated in a tissue specific manner by interaction with other proteins. We have studied how feeding/fasting and some related perturbations affect the expression, in rat adipose tissue, of three such proteins, LMF1, an ER protein necessary for folding of LPL into its active dimeric form, the endogenous LPL inhibitor ANGPTL4, and GPIHBP1, that transfers LPL across the endothelium. Results The system underwent moderate circadian oscillations, for LPL in phase with food intake, for ANGPTL4 and GPIHBP1 in the opposite direction. Studies with cycloheximide showed that whereas LPL protein turns over rapidly, ANGPTL4 protein turns over more slowly. Studies with the transcription blocker Actinomycin D showed that transcripts for ANGPTL4 and GPIHBP1, but not LMF1 or LPL, turn over rapidly. When food was withdrawn the expression of ANGPTL4 and GPIHBP1 increased rapidly, and LPL activity decreased. On re-feeding and after injection of insulin the expression of ANGPTL4 and GPIHBP1 decreased rapidly, and LPL activity increased. In ANGPTL4−/− mice adipose tissue LPL activity did not show these responses. In old, obese rats that showed signs of insulin resistance, the responses of ANGPTL4 and GPIHBP1 mRNA and of LPL activity were severely blunted (at 26 weeks of age) or almost abolished (at 52 weeks of age). Conclusions This study demonstrates directly that ANGPTL4 is necessary for rapid modulation of LPL activity in adipose tissue. ANGPTL4 message levels responded very rapidly to changes in the nutritional state. LPL activity always changed in the opposite direction. This did not happen in Angptl4−/− mice. GPIHBP1 message levels also changed rapidly and in the same direction as ANGPTL4, i.e. increased on fasting when LPL activity decreased. This was unexpected because GPIHBP1 is known to stabilize LPL. The plasticity of the LPL system is severely blunted or completely lost in insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olessia Kroupa
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
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5
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Makoveichuk E, Sukonina V, Kroupa O, Thulin P, Ehrenborg E, Olivecrona T, Olivecrona G. Inactivation of lipoprotein lipase occurs on the surface of THP-1 macrophages where oligomers of angiopoietin-like protein 4 are formed. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:138-43. [PMID: 22820186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins causing release of fatty acids for metabolic purposes in muscles and adipose tissue. LPL in macrophages in the artery wall may, however, promote foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 4 inactivates LPL and ANGPTL4 expression is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). The mechanisms for inactivation of LPL by ANGPTL4 was studied in THP-1 macrophages where active LPL is associated with cell surfaces in a heparin-releasable form, while LPL in the culture medium is mostly inactive. The PPARδ agonist GW501516 had no effect on LPL mRNA, but increased ANGPTL4 mRNA and caused a marked reduction of the heparin-releasable LPL activity concomitantly with accumulation of inactive, monomeric LPL in the medium. Intracellular ANGPTL4 was monomeric, while dimers and tetramers of ANGPTL4 were present in the heparin-releasable fraction and medium. GW501516 caused an increase in the amount of ANGPTL4 oligomers on the cell surface that paralleled the decrease in LPL activity. Actinomycin D blocked the effects of GW501516 on ANGPTL4 oligomer formation and prevented the inactivation of LPL. Antibodies against ANGPTL4 interfered with the inactivation of LPL. We conclude that inactivation of LPL in THP-1 macrophages primarily occurs on the cell surface where oligomers of ANGPTL4 are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makoveichuk
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Ruge T, Sukonina V, Kroupa O, Makoveichuk E, Lundgren M, Svensson MK, Olivecrona G, Eriksson JW. Effects of hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein lipase, angiopoietin-like protein 4, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2012; 61:652-60. [PMID: 22078753 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aims were to compare the systemic effects of insulin on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in tissues from subjects with different degrees of insulin sensitivity. The effects of insulin on LPL during a 4-hour hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp were studied in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and postheparin plasma from young healthy subjects (YS), older subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DS), and older control subjects (CS). In addition, we studied the effects of insulin on the expression of 2 recently recognized candidate genes for control of LPL activity: angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1. As an effect of insulin, LPL activity decreased by 20% to 25% in postheparin plasma and increased by 20% to 30% in adipose tissue in all groups. In YS, the levels of ANGPTL4 messenger RNA in adipose tissue decreased 3-fold during the clamp. In contrast, there was no significant change in DS or CS. Regression analysis showed that the ability of insulin to reduce the expression of ANGPTL4 was positively correlated with M-values and inversely correlated with factors linked to the metabolic syndrome. Expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 tended to be higher in YS than in DS or CS, but the expression was not affected by insulin in any of the groups. Our data imply that the insulin-mediated regulation of LPL is not directly linked to the control of glucose turnover by insulin or to ANGPTL4 expression in adipose tissue or plasma. Interestingly, the response of ANGPTL4 expression in adipose tissue to insulin was severely blunted in both DS and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Surgery and Peri-Operative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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Lidell ME, Seifert EL, Westergren R, Heglind M, Gowing A, Sukonina V, Arani Z, Itkonen P, Wallin S, Westberg F, Fernandez-Rodriguez J, Laakso M, Nilsson T, Peng XR, Harper ME, Enerbäck S. The adipocyte-expressed forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 regulates metabolism through altered mitochondrial function. Diabetes 2011; 60:427-35. [PMID: 21270254 PMCID: PMC3028341 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous findings demonstrate that enhanced expression of the forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 in adipose tissue leads to a lean and insulin-sensitive phenotype. These findings prompted us to further investigate the role of Foxc2 in the regulation of genes of fundamental importance for metabolism and mitochondrial function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of Foxc2 on expression of genes involved in mitochondriogenesis and mitochondrial function were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The potential of a direct transcriptional regulation of regulated genes was tested in promoter assays, and mitochondrial morphology was investigated by electron microscopy. Mitochondrial function was tested by measuring oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates as well as palmitate oxidation. RESULTS Enhanced expression of FOXC2 in adipocytes or in cells with no endogenous Foxc2 expression induces mitochondriogenesis and an elongated mitochondrial morphology. Together with increased aerobic metabolic capacity, increased palmitate oxidation, and upregulation of genes encoding respiratory complexes and of brown fat-related genes, Foxc2 also specifically induces mitochondrial fusion genes in adipocytes. Among tested forkhead genes, Foxc2 is unique in its ability to trans-activate the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA/Tfam) gene--a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. In human adipose tissue the expression levels of mtTFA/Tfam and of fusion genes also correlate with that of Foxc2. CONCLUSIONS We previously showed that a high-calorie diet and insulin induce Foxc2 in adipocytes; the current findings identify a previously unknown role for Foxc2 as an important metabo-regulator of mitochondrial morphology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Lidell
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erin L. Seifert
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rickard Westergren
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrienne Gowing
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valentina Sukonina
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zahra Arani
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paula Itkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommy Nilsson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Sven Enerbäck,
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8
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Ruge T, Lockton JA, Renstrom F, Lystig T, Sukonina V, Svensson MK, Eriksson JW. Acute hyperinsulinemia raises plasma interleukin-6 in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects, and this effect is inversely associated with body mass index. Metabolism 2009; 58:860-6. [PMID: 19375766 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is believed to play a role in the low-grade inflammation seen in T2DM. The main aim was to study the effect of hyperinsulinemia on adipokines in individuals with different levels of insulin resistance, glycemia, and obesity. Three groups of sex-matched subjects were studied: young healthy subjects (YS; n = 10; mean age, 26 years; body mass index [BMI], 22 kg/m(2)), patients with T2DM (DS; n = 10; 61 years; BMI, 27 kg/m(2)), and age- and BMI-matched controls to DS (CS; n = 10; 60 years; BMI, 27 kg/m(2)). Plasma concentrations of adipokines were measured during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp lasting 4 hours. Moreover, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated adipocytes was analyzed to address adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 increased significantly (P < or = .01) in all 3 groups during hyperinsulinemia. However, the increase was smaller in both DS (P = .06) and CS (P < .05) compared with YS (approximately 2.5-fold vs approximately 4-fold). A significant increase of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha was observed only in YS. There were only minor or inconsistent effects on adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels during hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-induced rise in IL-6 correlated negatively to BMI (P = .001), waist to hip ratio (P = .05), and baseline (fasting) insulin (P = .03) and IL-6 (P = .02) levels and positively to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated adipocytes (P = .07). There was no association with age or insulin sensitivity. In a multivariate analysis, also including T2DM/no T2DM, an independent correlation (inverse) was found only between BMI and fold change of IL-6 (r(2) = 0.41 for model, P < .005). Hyperinsulinemia per se can produce an increase in plasma IL-6 and TNFalpha, and this can potentially contribute to the low-grade inflammation seen in obesity and T2DM. However, obesity seems to attenuate the ability of an acute increase in insulin to further raise circulating levels of IL-6 and possibly TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, SE 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Khanam T, Rozhdestvensky TS, Bundman M, Galiveti CR, Handel S, Sukonina V, Jordan U, Brosius J, Skryabin BV. Two primate-specific small non-protein-coding RNAs in transgenic mice: neuronal expression, subcellular localization and binding partners. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 35:529-39. [PMID: 17175535 PMCID: PMC1802616 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a rare occasion a single chromosomal locus was targeted twice by independent Alu-related retroposon insertions, and in both cases supported neuronal expression of the respective inserted genes encoding small non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs): BC200 RNA in anthropoid primates and G22 RNA in the Lorisoidea branch of prosimians. To avoid primate experimentation, we generated transgenic mice to study neuronal expression and protein binding partners for BC200 and G22 npcRNAs. The BC200 gene, with sufficient upstream flanking sequences, is expressed in transgenic mouse brain areas comparable to those in human brain, and G22 gene, with upstream flanks, has a similar expression pattern. However, when all upstream regions of the G22 gene were removed, expression was completely abolished, despite the presence of intact internal RNA polymerase III promoter elements. Transgenic BC200 RNA is transported into neuronal dendrites as it is in human brain. G22 RNA, almost twice as large as BC200 RNA, has a similar subcellular localization. Both transgenically expressed npcRNAs formed RNP complexes with poly(A) binding protein and the heterodimer SRP9/14, as does BC200 RNA in human. These observations strongly support the possibility that the independently exapted npcRNAs have similar functions, perhaps in translational regulation of dendritic protein biosynthesis in neurons of the respective primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen Brosius
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 251 8358511; Fax: +49 251 8358512;
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Sukonina V, Lookene A, Olivecrona T, Olivecrona G. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 converts lipoprotein lipase to inactive monomers and modulates lipase activity in adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:17450-5. [PMID: 17088546 PMCID: PMC1859949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604026103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has a central role in lipoprotein metabolism to maintain normal lipoprotein levels in blood and, through tissue specific regulation of its activity, to determine when and in what tissues triglycerides are unloaded. Recent data indicate that angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl)-4 inhibits LPL and retards lipoprotein catabolism. We demonstrate here that the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Angptl-4 binds transiently to LPL and that the interaction results in conversion of the enzyme from catalytically active dimers to inactive, but still folded, monomers with decreased affinity for heparin. Inactivation occurred with less than equimolar ratios of Angptl-4 to LPL, was strongly temperature-dependent, and did not consume the Angptl-4. Furthermore, we show that Angptl-4 mRNA in rat adipose tissue turns over rapidly and that changes in the Angptl-4 mRNA abundance are inversely correlated to LPL activity, both during the fed-to-fasted and fasted-to-fed transitions. We conclude that Angptl-4 is a fasting-induced controller of LPL in adipose tissue, acting extracellularly on the native conformation in an unusual fashion, like an unfolding molecular chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sukonina
- *Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Aivar Lookene
- *Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; and
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Thomas Olivecrona
- *Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- *Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Medical Biosciences, Building 6M, Third Floor, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is important for lipid deposition in adipose tissue (AT) and responds rapidly to changes in the nutritional state. Animal experiments indicate that short-term regulation of LPL is mainly post-translational. Different processing of LPL in different AT depots may play a role in the distribution of lipids in the body. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipoprotein lipase mRNA, mass and activity were measured in pieces of omental adipose tissue (OAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from 15 subjects undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (four male and 11 female subjects, mean age 54 +/- 5 years, BMI 28 +/- 2 kg m(-2)). RESULTS Lipoprotein lipase activity was higher in OAT than in SAT (18 +/- 2.1 compared with 12 +/- 1.6 mU g(-1), P < 0.01), whereas LPL mass was lower in OAT than in SAT (100 +/- 9 compared with 137 +/- 16 mU g(-1), P < 0.05). Consequently, the specific LPL activity (ratio of activity over mass) was approximately twofold greater in OAT compared with SAT. There was correlation between LPL mRNA and LPL activity in SAT (P < 0.05) and a similar tendency in OAT (P = 0.08). There were strong correlations (P < 0.01) for mRNA abundance as well as for LPL activity between the two depots. In contrast there was no correlation between the LPL mass and LPL mRNA or activity in any of the depots. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that long-term regulation, as reflected in the mRNA abundance, is similar in the two types of adipose tissue. The displayed activity reflects the mRNA abundance and the fraction of newly synthesized LPL molecules which the post-translational mechanism allows to become/remain active. This fraction was on average twofold greater in OAT compared with SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ruge
- Department of Public Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ruge T, Neuger L, Sukonina V, Wu G, Barath S, Gupta J, Frankel B, Christophersen B, Nordstoga K, Olivecrona T, Olivecrona G. Lipoprotein lipase in the kidney: activity varies widely among animal species. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F1131-9. [PMID: 15292043 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00089.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence points to a relationship among kidney disease, lipoprotein metabolism, and the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), but there is little information on LPL in the kidney. The range of LPL activity in the kidney in five species differed by >500-fold. The highest activity was in mink, followed by mice, Chinese hamsters, and rats, whereas the activity was low in guinea pigs. In contrast, the ranges for LPL activities in heart and adipose tissue were less than six- and fourfold, respectively. The activity in the kidney (in mice) decreased by >50% on food deprivation for 6 h without corresponding changes in mRNA or mass. This decrease in LPL activity did not occur when transcription was blocked with actinomycin D. Immunostaining for kidney LPL in mice and mink indicated that the enzyme is produced in tubular epithelial cells. To explore the previously suggested possibility that the negatively charged glomerular filter picks up LPL from the blood, bovine LPL was injected into rats and mice. This resulted in decoration of the glomerular capillary network with LPL. This study shows that in some species LPL is produced in the kidney and is subject to nutritional regulation by a posttranscriptional mechanism. In addition, LPL can be picked up from blood in the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Skryabin BV, Sukonina V, Jordan U, Lewejohann L, Sachser N, Muslimov I, Tiedge H, Brosius J. Neuronal untranslated BC1 RNA: targeted gene elimination in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:6435-41. [PMID: 12944471 PMCID: PMC193692 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.18.6435-6441.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potentially important roles of untranslated RNAs in cellular form or function, genes encoding such RNAs have until now received surprisingly little attention. One such gene encodes BC1 RNA, a small non-mRNA that is delivered to dendritic microdomains in neurons. We have now eliminated the BC1 RNA gene in mice. Three independent founder lines were established from separate embryonic stem cells. The mutant mice appeared to be healthy and showed no anatomical or neurological abnormalities. The gross brain morphology was unaltered in such mice, as were the subcellular distributions of two prototypical dendritic mRNAs (encoding MAP2 and CaMKIIalpha). Due to the relatively recent evolutionary origin of the gene, we expected molecular and behavioral consequences to be subtle. Behavioral analyses, to be reported separately, indicate that the lack of BC1 RNA appears to reduce exploratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V Skryabin
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch Strasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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