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Muñoz-Echeverri LM, Benavides-López S, Geiger O, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:174. [PMID: 38642254 PMCID: PMC11032300 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are non-replicative nanostructures released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as a survival mechanism and inter- and intraspecific communication mechanism. Due to BEVs physical, biochemical, and biofunctional characteristics, there is interest in producing and using them in developing new therapeutics, vaccines, or delivery systems. However, BEV release is typically low, limiting their application. Here, we provide a biotechnological perspective to enhance BEV production, highlighting current strategies. The strategies include the production of hypervesiculating strains through gene modification, bacteria culture under stress conditions, and artificial vesicles production. We discussed the effect of these production strategies on BEVs types, morphology, composition, and activity. Furthermore, we summarized general aspects of BEV biogenesis, functional capabilities, and applications, framing their current importance and the need to produce them in abundance. This review will expand the knowledge about the range of strategies associated with BEV bioprocesses to increase their productivity and extend their application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Muñoz-Echeverri
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Santiago Benavides-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio B, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México.
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Pschunder B, Locati L, López O, Martin Aispuro P, Zurita E, Stuible M, Durocher Y, Hozbor D. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis are potent adjuvant that drive Th1-biased response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387534. [PMID: 38650936 PMCID: PMC11033331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For several years, we have been committed to exploring the potential of Bordetella pertussis-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVBp) as a promising third-generation vaccine against the reemerging pertussis disease. The results of our preclinical trials not only confirm its protective capacity against B. pertussis infection but also set the stage for forthcoming human clinical trials. This study delves into the examination of OMVBp as an adjuvant. To accomplish this objective, we implemented a two-dose murine schedule to evaluate the specific immune response induced by formulations containing OMVBp combined with 3 heterologous immunogens: Tetanus toxoid (T), Diphtheria toxoid (D), and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S). The specific levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a triggered by the different tested formulations were evaluated using ELISA in dose-response assays for OMVBp and the immunogens at varying levels. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the low concentration employed (1.5 μg of protein per dose). As this effect was notably enhanced at medium (3 μg) and high concentrations (6 μg), we chose the medium concentration to determine the minimum immunogen dose at which the OMV adjuvant properties are significantly evident. These assays demonstrated that OMVBp exhibits adjuvant properties even at the lowest concentration tested for each immunogen. In the presence of OMVBp, specific IgG levels detected for the lowest amount of antigen tested increased by 2.5 to 10 fold compared to those found in animals immunized with formulations containing adjuvant-free antigens (p<0.0001). When assessing the adjuvant properties of OMVBp compared to the widely recognized adjuvant alum, we detected similar levels of specific IgG against D, T and S for both adjuvants. Experiments with OMVs derived from E. coli (OMVE.coli) reaffirmed that the adjuvant properties of OMVs extend across different bacterial species. Nonetheless, it's crucial to highlight that OMVBp notably skewed the immune response towards a Th1 profile (p<0.05). These collective findings emphasize the dual role of OMVBp as both an adjuvant and modulator of the immune response, positioning it favorably for incorporation into combined vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Pschunder
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucia Locati
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oriana López
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio Vacunas Salud (VacSal), Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET) La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Yılmaz Çolak Ç, Tefon Öztürk BE. Bordetella pertussis and outer membrane vesicles. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:342-355. [PMID: 36047634 PMCID: PMC10177744 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2117937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of a respiratory infection called pertussis (whooping cough) that can be fatal in newborns and infants. The pathogen produces a variety of antigenic compounds which alone or simultaneously can damage various host cells. Despite the availability of pertussis vaccines and high vaccination coverage around the world, a resurgence of the disease has been observed in many countries. Reasons for the increase in pertussis cases may include increased awareness, improved diagnostic techniques, low vaccine efficacy, especially acellular vaccines, and waning immunity. Many efforts have been made to develop more effective strategies to fight against B. pertussis and one of the strategies is the use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in vaccine formulations. OMVs are attracting great interest as vaccine platforms since they can carry immunogenic structures such as toxins and LPS. Many studies have been carried out with OMVs from different B. pertussis strains and they revealed promising results in the animal challenge and human preclinical model. However, the composition of OMVs differs in terms of isolation and purification methods, strains, culture, and stress conditions. Although the vesicles from B. pertussis represent an attractive pertussis vaccine candidate, further studies are needed to advance clinical research for next-generation pertussis vaccines. This review summarizes general information about pertussis, the history of vaccines against the disease, and the immune response to these vaccines, with a focus on OMVs. We discuss progress in developing an OMV-based pertussis vaccine platform and highlight successful applications as well as potential challenges and gaps.
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Rangel-Ramírez VV, González-Sánchez HM, Lucio-García C. Exosomes: from biology to immunotherapy in infectious diseases. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:79-107. [PMID: 36562253 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2149852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal compartment, which are released by all kinds of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. These vesicles contain a variety of biomolecules that differ both in quantity and type depending on the origin and cellular state. Exosomes are internalized by recipient cells, delivering their content and thus contributing to cell-cell communication in health and disease. During infections exosomes may exert a dual role, on one hand, they can transmit pathogen-related molecules mediating further infection and damage, and on the other hand, they can protect the host by activating the immune response and reducing pathogen spread. Selective packaging of pathogenic components may mediate these effects. Recently, quantitative analysis of samples by omics technologies has allowed a deep characterization of the proteins, lipids, RNA, and metabolite cargoes of exosomes. Knowledge about the content of these vesicles may facilitate their therapeutic application. Furthermore, as exosomes have been detected in almost all biological fluids, pathogenic or host-derived components can be identified in liquid biopsies, making them suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. This review attempts to organize the recent findings on exosome composition and function during viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections, and their contribution to host defense or to pathogen spread. Moreover, we summarize the current perspectives and future directions regarding the potential application of exosomes for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Lucio-García
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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Abstract
This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the mechanisms of their biogenesis, cargo, and function. Throughout, we highlight issues concerning the characterization of OMVs and distinguishing them from other types of BEVs. We also highlight the shortcomings of commonly used methodologies for the study of BEVs that impact the interpretation of their functionality and suggest solutions to standardize protocols for OMV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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de Jonge EF, Vogrinec L, van Boxtel R, Tommassen J. Inactivation of the Mla system and outer-membrane phospholipase A results in disrupted outer-membrane lipid asymmetry and hypervesiculation in Bordetella pertussis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Blancá B, Hayes JA, Surmann K, Hugo V, Hentschker C, Lamberti Y, Völker U, Rodriguez ME. Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles as virulence factor vehicles that influence bacterial interaction with macrophages. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6655986. [PMID: 35927587 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria constitutively shed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which play a significant role in the host-pathogen interaction, eventually determining the outcome of the infection. We previously found that Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, survives the innate interaction with human macrophages remaining alive inside these immune cells. Adenylate cyclase (CyaA), one of the main toxins of this pathogen, was found involved in the modulation of the macrophage defense response, eventually promoting bacterial survival within the cells. We here investigated whether B. pertussis OMVs, loaded with most of the bacterial toxins and CyaA among them, modulate the macrophage response to the bacterial infection. We observed that the pre-incubation of macrophages with OMVs led to a decreased macrophage defense response to the encounter with the bacteria, in a CyaA dependent way. Our results suggest that CyaA delivered by B. pertussis OMVs dampens macrophages protective function by decreasing phagocytosis and the bactericidal capability of these host cells. By increasing the chances of bacterial survival to the innate encounter with the macrophages, B. pertussis OMVs might play a relevant role in the course of infection, promoting bacterial persistence within the host and eventually, shaping the whole infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Blancá
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jimena Alvarez Hayes
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Valdez Hugo
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christian Hentschker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yanina Lamberti
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - María Eugenia Rodriguez
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), School of Sciences, La Plata National University, La Plata, Argentina
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de Jonge EF, Tommassen J. Conditional growth defect of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutants. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6608281. [PMID: 35700015 PMCID: PMC9249403 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Unfortunately, vesiculation by bordetellae is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. In other bacteria, iron limitation or inactivation of the fur gene has been shown to increase OMV production, presumably by downregulation of the mla genes, which encode machinery for maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane. Here, we followed a similar approach in bordetellae. Whereas a fur mutant was readily obtained in B. bronchiseptica, a B. pertussis fur mutant could only be obtained in iron-deplete conditions, indicating that a fur mutation is conditionally lethal in this bacterium. The fur mutants displayed a growth defect in iron-replete media, presumably because constitutive expression of iron-uptake systems resulted in iron intoxication. Accordingly, expression of the Escherichia coli ferritin FtnA to sequester intracellularly accumulated iron rescued the growth of the mutants in these media. The fur mutations led to the constitutive expression of novel vaccine candidates, such as the TonB-dependent receptors FauA for the siderophore alcaligin and BhuR for heme. However, neither inactivation of fur nor growth under iron limitation improved vesiculation, presumably because the expression of the mla genes appeared unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline F de Jonge
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Jonge EF, van Boxtel R, Balhuizen MD, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Pal depletion results in hypervesiculation and affects cell morphology and outer-membrane lipid asymmetry in bordetellae. Res Microbiol 2022; 173:103937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Filipi K, Rahman WU, Osickova A, Osicka R. Kingella kingae RtxA Cytotoxin in the Context of Other RTX Toxins. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030518. [PMID: 35336094 PMCID: PMC8953716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Kingella kingae is part of the commensal oropharyngeal flora of young children. As detection methods have improved, K. kingae has been increasingly recognized as an emerging invasive pathogen that frequently causes skeletal system infections, bacteremia, and severe forms of infective endocarditis. K. kingae secretes an RtxA cytotoxin, which is involved in the development of clinical infection and belongs to an ever-growing family of cytolytic RTX (Repeats in ToXin) toxins secreted by Gram-negative pathogens. All RTX cytolysins share several characteristic structural features: (i) a hydrophobic pore-forming domain in the N-terminal part of the molecule; (ii) an acylated segment where the activation of the inactive protoxin to the toxin occurs by a co-expressed toxin-activating acyltransferase; (iii) a typical calcium-binding RTX domain in the C-terminal portion of the molecule with the characteristic glycine- and aspartate-rich nonapeptide repeats; and (iv) a C-proximal secretion signal recognized by the type I secretion system. RTX toxins, including RtxA from K. kingae, have been shown to act as highly efficient ‘contact weapons’ that penetrate and permeabilize host cell membranes and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial infections. RtxA was discovered relatively recently and the knowledge of its biological role remains limited. This review describes the structure and function of RtxA in the context of the most studied RTX toxins, the knowledge of which may contribute to a better understanding of the action of RtxA in the pathogenesis of K. kingae infections.
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de Jonge EF, Balhuizen MD, van Boxtel R, Wu J, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Heat shock enhances outer-membrane vesicle release in Bordetella spp. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100009. [PMID: 34841303 PMCID: PMC8610307 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis, an obligate human pathogen. Despite high vaccination rates in high-income countries, resurgence of pertussis cases is an occurring problem that urges the necessity of developing an improved vaccine. Likewise, the efficacy of vaccines for Bordetella bronchiseptica, which causes similar disease in pigs and companion animals, is debatable. A promising approach for novel vaccines is the use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). However, spontaneous OMV (sOMV) release by Bordetella spp. is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. Therefore, we investigated the influence of growth in various media commonly used for culturing Bordetella in the Bvg+, i.e. virulent, phase and of a heat shock applied to inactivate the cells on OMV production. Inactivation of the bacterial cells at 56 °C before OMV isolation greatly enhanced OMV release in both Bordetella spp. without causing significant cell lysis. The growth medium used barely affected the efficiency of OMV release but did affect the protein pattern of the OMVs. Differences were found to be related, at least in part, to different availability of the nutrient metals iron and zinc in the media and include expression of potentially relevant vaccine antigens, such as the receptors FauA and ZnuD. The protein content of OMVs released by heat shock was comparable to that of sOMVs as determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, and their heat-modifiable electrophoretic mobility suggests that also protein conformation is unaffected. However, significant differences were noticed between the protein content of OMVs and that of a purified outer membrane fraction, with two major outer membrane proteins, porin OmpP and the peptidoglycan-associated RmpM, being underrepresented in the OMVs. Altogether, these results indicate that the application of a heat shock is potentially an important step in the development of cost-effective, OMV-based vaccines for both Bordetella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline F. de Jonge
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ria van Boxtel
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Soltani MS, Eftekhar F, Noofeli M, Banihashemi SR, Shahcheraghi F. Comparison of Two Different Methods for the Extraction of Outer Membrane Vesicles from the Bordetella pertussis as a Vaccine Candidate. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:411-419. [PMID: 34824734 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2020.342861.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a vaccine, pertussis is still a worldwide health problem. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in gram-negative bacteria can stimulate the immune system due to several outer membrane proteins and are very good candidates in vaccine development. OMVs obtained from Bordetella pertussis contain several antigens, which are considered immunogenic, and could make them a potential candidate for vaccine production. The current study aimed to compare the current OMV extraction method (with ultracentrifuge) and a modified extraction method (without ultracentrifuge) and to evaluate the physicochemical properties as well as the expression of their main virulence factors. Vaccinal strain BP134 grown on Bordet Gengo agar were inoculated in Modified Stainer-Scholte medium for mass cultivation. OMVs were prepared using two different methods. They were then stained and examined with a transmission electron microscope. Protein contents were measured by the Bradford method, and then the protein profile was evaluated by SDS-PAGE. The presence of immunogenic antigens was detected by Western blotting. The size and shape of the OMVs obtained from the modified method without the use of ultracentrifuge were similar to the current method and had a size between 40 and 200 nm. The total protein yields of the OMV isolated using the current and modified methods were 800 and 600 µg/ml, respectively. Evaluating the protein profile of extracted OMVs showed the presence of different proteins. Finally, the presence of PTX, PRN, and FHA was observed in OMVs extracted from both methods. Comparison of the two OMV extraction methods showed that the obtained vesicles have a suitable and similar shape and size as well as the expression of three important pathogenic factors as immunogens. Despite the relatively low reduction in protein yield as the modified method does not require ultracentrifuge, this extraction method can be used as a suitable alternative for extracting the outer membrane vesicles from B. pertussis, especially in developing countries. It should be noted that further experiments including immunogenicity determination of OMVs obtained as vaccine candidates in animal models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Soltani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Eftekhar
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Noofeli
- Department of Human Bacterial Vaccines Production and Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - S R Banihashemi
- Department of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - F Shahcheraghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Evaluation of Outer Membrane Vesicles Obtained from Predominant Local Isolate of Boredetella pertussis as a Vaccine Candidate. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:399-407. [PMID: 34719226 PMCID: PMC8744696 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.6.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pertussis is a current contagious bacterial disease caused by Bp. Given the prevalence of pertussis, development of new vaccines is important. This study was attempted to evaluate the expression of main virulence factors (PTX, PRN, and FHA) from Bp predominant strains and also compare the expression of these factors in the OMVs obtained from predominant circulating Bp isolate. Methods: The physicochemical features of the prepared OMVs were analyzed by electron microscopy and SDS-PAGE. The presence of the mentioned virulence factors was confirmed by Western blotting. BALB/c mice (n = 21) immunized with characterized OMVs were challenged intranasally with sublethal doses of Bp, to examine their protective capacity. Results: Electron microscopic examination of the OMVs indicated vesicles within the range of 40 to 200 nm. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting demonstrated the expression of all three main protective immunogens (PTX, PRN, and FHA), prevalent in the predominant, challenge, and vaccine strains, and OMVs of the predominant IR37 strain and BP134 vaccine strain. Significant differences were observed in lung bacterial counts between the immunized mice with OMV (30 CFU/lung) compared to the negative control group ((6 104 CFU/lung; p < 0.001). In mice immunized with OMVs (3 µg), the number of lungs recovered colonies after five days dropped at least five orders of magnitude compared to the control group. Conclusion: OMVs obtained from circulating isolates with the predominant profile may constitute a highly promising vaccine quality. They also can be proposed as a potential basic material for the development of new pertussis vaccine candidate.
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Carriquiriborde F, Martin Aispuro P, Ambrosis N, Zurita E, Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Castuma C, Rudi E, Lodeiro A, Hozbor DF. Pertussis Vaccine Candidate Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Biofilm Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730434. [PMID: 34603306 PMCID: PMC8479151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) derived from Bordetella pertussis-the etiologic agent of the resurgent disease called pertussis-are safe and effective in preventing bacterial colonization in the lungs of immunized mice. Vaccine formulations containing those OMV are capable of inducing a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 profile, but even more interestingly, they may induce a tissue-resident memory immune response. This immune response is recommended for the new generation of pertussis-vaccines that must be developed to overcome the weaknesses of current commercial acellular vaccines (second-generation of pertussis vaccine). The third-generation of pertussis vaccine should also deal with infections caused by bacteria that currently circulate in the population and are phenotypically and genotypically different [in particular those deficient in the expression of pertactin antigen, PRN(-)] from those that circulated in the past. Here we evaluated the protective capacity of OMV derived from bacteria grown in biofilm, since it was observed that, by difference with older culture collection vaccine strains, circulating clinical B. pertussis isolates possess higher capacity for this lifestyle. Therefore, we performed studies with a clinical isolate with good biofilm-forming capacity. Biofilm lifestyle was confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy and proteomics. While scanning electron microscopy revealed typical biofilm structures in these cultures, BipA, fimbria, and other adhesins described as typical of the biofilm lifestyle were overexpressed in the biofilm culture in comparison with planktonic culture. OMV derived from biofilm (OMVbiof) or planktonic lifestyle (OMVplank) were used to formulate vaccines to compare their immunogenicity and protective capacities against infection with PRN(+) or PRN(-) B. pertussis clinical isolates. Using the mouse protection model, we detected that OMVbiof-vaccine was more immunogenic than OMVplank-vaccine in terms of both specific antibody titers and quality, since OMVbiof-vaccine induced antibodies with higher avidity. Moreover, when OMV were administered at suboptimal quantity for protection, OMVbiof-vaccine exhibited a significantly adequate and higher protective capacity against PRN(+) or PRN(-) than OMVplank-vaccine. Our findings indicate that the vaccine based on B. pertussis biofilm-derived OMV induces high protection also against pertactin-deficient strains, with a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Ambrosis
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Celina Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Rudi
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Lodeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela F. Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Dubois V, Locht C. Mucosal Immunization Against Pertussis: Lessons From the Past and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701285. [PMID: 34211481 PMCID: PMC8239240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current vaccination strategies against pertussis are sub-optimal. Optimal protection against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, likely requires mucosal immunity. Current pertussis vaccines consist of inactivated whole B. pertussis cells or purified antigens thereof, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Although they are highly protective against severe pertussis disease, they fail to elicit mucosal immunity. Compared to natural infection, immune responses following immunization are short-lived and fail to prevent bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these shortcomings, efforts have been made for decades, and continue to be made, toward the development of mucosal vaccines against pertussis. Objectives In this review we systematically analyzed published literature on protection conferred by mucosal immunization against pertussis. Immune responses mounted by these vaccines are summarized. Method The PubMed Library database was searched for published studies on mucosal pertussis vaccines. Eligibility criteria included mucosal administration and the evaluation of at least one outcome related to efficacy, immunogenicity and safety. Results While over 349 publications were identified by the search, only 63 studies met the eligibility criteria. All eligible studies are included here. Initial attempts of mucosal whole-cell vaccine administration in humans provided promising results, but were not followed up. More recently, diverse vaccination strategies have been tested, including non-replicating and replicating vaccine candidates given by three different mucosal routes: orally, nasally or rectally. Several adjuvants and particulate formulations were tested to enhance the efficacy of non-replicating vaccines administered mucosally. Most novel vaccine candidates were only tested in animal models, mainly mice. Only one novel mucosal vaccine candidate was tested in baboons and in human trials. Conclusion Three vaccination strategies drew our attention, as they provided protective and durable immunity in the respiratory tract, including the upper respiratory tract: acellular vaccines adjuvanted with lipopeptide LP1569 and c-di-GMP, outer membrane vesicles and the live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine. Among all experimental vaccines, BPZE1 is the only one that has advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Johnston EL, Heras B, Kufer TA, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. Detection of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles by NOD-Like Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031005. [PMID: 33498269 PMCID: PMC7863931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are nanoparticles produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that can function to modulate immunity in the host. Both outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and membrane vesicles (MVs), which are released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, contain cargo derived from their parent bacterium, including immune stimulating molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Of these, peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are able to activate host innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), such as nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein (NOD) 1, NOD2 and NLRP3. NLR activation is a key driver of inflammation in the host, and BMVs derived from both pathogenic and commensal bacteria have been shown to package PG and LPS in order to modulate the host immune response using NLR-dependent mechanisms. Here, we discuss the packaging of immunostimulatory cargo within OMVs and MVs, their detection by NLRs and the cytokines produced by host cells in response to their detection. Additionally, commensal derived BMVs are thought to shape immunity and contribute to homeostasis in the gut, therefore we also highlight the interactions of commensal derived BMVs with NLRs and their roles in limiting inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Johnston
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Begoña Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
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Elizagaray ML, Gomes MTR, Guimaraes ES, Rumbo M, Hozbor DF, Oliveira SC, Moreno G. Canonical and Non-canonical Inflammasome Activation by Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1879. [PMID: 32973778 PMCID: PMC7468456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) derived from different Gram-negative bacteria have been proposed as an attractive vaccine platform because of their own immunogenic adjuvant properties. Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable respiratory disease that resurged during the last decades in many countries. In response to the epidemiological situation, new boosters have been incorporated into vaccination schedules worldwide and new vaccine candidates have started to be designed. Particularly, our group designed a new pertussis vaccine candidate based on OMVs derived from Bordetella pertussis (BpOMVs). To continue with the characterization of the immune response induced by our OMV based vaccine candidate, this work aimed to investigate the ability of OMVs to activate the inflammasome pathway in macrophages. We observed that NLRP3, caspase-1/11, and gasdermin-D (GSDMD) are involved in inflammasome activation by BpOMVs. Moreover, we demonstrated that BpOMVs as well as transfected B. pertussis lipooligosaccharide (BpLOS) induce caspase-11 (Casp11) and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) dependent non-canonical inflammasome activation. Our results elucidate the mechanism by which BpOMVs trigger one central pathway of the innate response activation that is expected to skew the adaptive immune response elicited by BpOMVs vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia L Elizagaray
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika S Guimaraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Martín Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela F Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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Raeven RHM, van Vlies N, Salverda MLM, van der Maas L, Uittenbogaard JP, Bindels THE, Rigters J, Verhagen LM, Kruijer S, van Riet E, Metz B, van der Ark AAJ. The Role of Virulence Proteins in Protection Conferred by Bordetella pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030429. [PMID: 32751680 PMCID: PMC7563335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited protective immunity induced by acellular pertussis vaccines demands development of novel vaccines that induce broader and longer-lived immunity. In this study, we investigated the protective capacity of outer membrane vesicle pertussis vaccines (omvPV) with different antigenic composition in mice to gain insight into which antigens contribute to protection. We showed that total depletion of virulence factors (bvg(-) mode) in omvPV led to diminished protection despite the presence of high antibody levels. Antibody profiling revealed overlap in humoral responses induced by vaccines in bvg(-) and bvg(+) mode, but the potentially protective responses in the bvg(+) vaccine were mainly directed against virulence-associated outer membrane proteins (virOMPs) such as BrkA and Vag8. However, deletion of either BrkA or Vag8 in our outer membrane vesicle vaccines did not affect the level of protection. In addition, the vaccine-induced immunity profile, which encompasses broad antibody and mixed T-helper 1, 2 and 17 responses, was not changed. We conclude that the presence of multiple virOMPs in omvPV is crucial for protection against Bordetella pertussis. This protective immunity does not depend on individual proteins, as their absence or low abundance can be compensated for by other virOMPs.
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The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance and as Promising Carriers for Therapeutic Agent Delivery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050670. [PMID: 32380740 PMCID: PMC7284617 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to be an issue difficult to deal with, especially in the clinical, animal husbandry, and food fields. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria renders treatment with antibiotics ineffective. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic methods is a worthwhile research endeavor in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently, bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have been investigated as a possible approach to drug delivery and vaccine development. The BMVs are released by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, containing various components originating from the cytoplasm and the cell envelope. The BMVs are able to transform bacteria with genes that encode enzymes such as proteases, glycosidases, and peptidases, resulting in the enhanced antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The BMVs can increase the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. However, the biogenesis and functions of BMVs are not fully understood in association with the bacterial pathogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to discuss BMV-associated antibiotic resistance and BMV-based therapeutic interventions.
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20
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Krueger E, Brown AC. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin: From mechanism to targeted anti-toxin therapeutics. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:85-105. [PMID: 32061022 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis, as well as other systemic diseases. This organism produces a number of virulence factors, all of which provide some advantage to the bacterium. Several studies have demonstrated that clinical isolates from diseased patients, particularly those of African descent, frequently belong to specific clones of A. actinomycetemcomitans that produce significantly higher amounts of a protein exotoxin belonging to the repeats-in-toxin (RTX) family, leukotoxin (LtxA), whereas isolates from healthy patients harbor minimally leukotoxic strains. This finding suggests that LtxA might play a key role in A. actinomycetemcomitans pathogenicity. Because of this correlation, much work over the past 30 years has been focused on understanding the mechanisms by which LtxA interacts with and kills host cells. In this article, we review those findings, highlight the remaining open questions, and demonstrate how knowledge of these mechanisms, particularly the toxin's interactions with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and cholesterol, enables the design of targeted anti-LtxA strategies to prevent/treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Krueger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Angela C Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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21
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Zurita ME, Wilk MM, Carriquiriborde F, Bartel E, Moreno G, Misiak A, Mills KHG, Hozbor D. A Pertussis Outer Membrane Vesicle-Based Vaccine Induces Lung-Resident Memory CD4 T Cells and Protection Against Bordetella pertussis, Including Pertactin Deficient Strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:125. [PMID: 31106160 PMCID: PMC6498398 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a respiratory infectious disease that has been resurged during the last decades. The change from the traditional multi-antigen whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines that consist of a few antigens formulated with alum, appears to be a key factor in the resurgence of pertussis in many countries. Though current aP vaccines have helped to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis, they do not provide durable immunity or adequate protection against the disease caused by the current circulating strains of Bordetella pertussis, which have evolved in the face of the selection pressure induced by the vaccines. Based on the hypothesis that a new vaccine containing multiple antigens could overcome deficiencies in the current aP vaccines, we have designed and characterized a vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicle (OMVs). Here we show that the OMVs vaccine, but not an aP vaccine, protected mice against lung infection with a circulating pertactin (PRN)-deficient isolate. Using isogenic bacteria that in principle only differ in PRN expression, we found that deficiency in PRN appears to be largely responsible for the failure of the aP vaccine to protect against this circulating clinical isolates. Regarding the durability of induced immunity, we have already reported that the OMV vaccine is able to induce long-lasting immune responses that effectively prevent infection with B. pertussis. Consistent with this, here we found that CD4 T cells with a tissue-resident memory (TRM) cell phenotype (CD44+CD62LlowCD69+ and/or CD103+) accumulated in the lungs of mice 14 days after immunization with 2 doses of the OMVs vaccine. CD4 TRM cells, which have previously been shown to play a critical role sustained protective immunity against B. pertussis, were also detected in mice immunized with wP vaccine, but not in the animals immunized with a commercial aP vaccine. The CD4 TRM cells secreted IFN-γ and IL-17 and were significantly expanded through local proliferation following respiratory challenge of mice with B. pertussis. Our findings that the OMVs vaccine induce respiratory CD4 TRM cells may explain the ability of this vaccine to induce long-term protection and is therefore an ideal candidate for a third generation vaccine against B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mieszko M Wilk
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicja Misiak
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Hozbor D. New Pertussis Vaccines: A Need and a Challenge. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:115-126. [PMID: 31432399 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effective diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines were used for massive immunization in the 1950s. The broad use of these vaccines significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis. Because of reports on the induction of adverse reactions, less-reactogenic acellular vaccines (aP) were later developed and in many countries, especially the industrialized ones, the use of wP was changed to aP. For many years, the situation of pertussis seemed to be controlled with the use of these vaccines, however in the last decades the number of pertussis cases increased in several countries. The loss of the immunity conferred by the vaccines, which is faster in the individuals vaccinated with the acellular vaccines, and the evolution of the pathogen towards geno/phenotypes that escape more easily the immunity conferred by the vaccines were proposed as the main causes of the disease resurgence. According to their composition of few immunogens, the aP vaccines seem to be exerting a greater selection pressure on the circulating bacterial population causing the prevalence of bacterial isolates defective in the expression of vaccine antigens. Under this context, it is clear that new vaccines against pertussis should be developed. Several vaccine candidates are in preclinical development and few others have recently completed phaseI/phaseII trials. Vaccine candidate based on OMVs is a promising candidate since appeared overcoming the major weaknesses of current aP-vaccines. The most advanced development is the live attenuated-vaccine BPZE1 which has successfully completed a first-in-man clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y CCT-La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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Bottero D, Zurita ME, Gaillard ME, Carriquiriborde F, Martin Aispuro P, Elizagaray M, Bartel E, Castuma C, Hozbor D. Outer-Membrane-Vesicle-Associated O Antigen, a Crucial Component for Protecting Against Bordetella parapertussis Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2501. [PMID: 30459769 PMCID: PMC6232878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella parapertussis is a respiratory-disease pathogen producing symptomatology similar to that of pertussis but of underestimated incidence and with no specific vaccine existing. We recently designed a vaccine candidate from B. parapertussis outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) that proved to be safe and protective in a murine-infection model. Based on protection recently reported for the B. parapertussis O antigen in aqueous solution, we assessed here whether the B. parapertussis O-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharide (BppLPS-O+) embedded in the membranes, as present in B. parapertussis-derived OMVs (OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+)), was the component responsible for that previously observed protection by OMVs. By performing a comparative study with OMVs from a human strain with undetectable O antigen (OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-)), we demonstrated that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+), but not the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-), protected mice against sublethal B. parapertussis infections. Indeed, the B. parapertussis loads were significantly reduced in the lungs of OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -vaccinated animals, with the CFUs recovered being decreased by 4 log units below those detected in the non-immunized animals or in the animals treated with the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-), (p < 0.001). We detected that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) induced IgG antibodies against B. parapertussis whole-cell lysates, which immunocomponents recognized, among others, the O antigen and accordingly conferred protection against B. parapertussis infection, as observed in in-vivo-passive-transfer experiments. Of interest was that the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -generated sera had opsonophagocytic and bactericidal capabilities that were not detected with the OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O-)-induced sera, suggesting that those activities were involved in the clearance of B. parapertussis. Though stimulation of cultured spleen cells from immunized mice with formulations containing the O antigen resulted in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 production, spleen cells from OMVs(Bpp-LPS-O+) -immunized mice did not significantly contribute to the observed protection against B. parapertussis infection. The protective capability of the B. parapertussis O antigen was also detected in formulations containing both the OMVs derived from B. pertussis and purified BppLPS-O+. This combined formulation protected mice against B. pertussis along with B. parapertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maia Elizagaray
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Celina Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Nice JB, Balashova NV, Kachlany SC, Koufos E, Krueger E, Lally ET, Brown AC. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin Is Delivered to Host Cells in an LFA-1-Indepdendent Manner When Associated with Outer Membrane Vesicles. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100414. [PMID: 30322160 PMCID: PMC6215133 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, has been associated with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). In particular, highly leukotoxic strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans have been more closely associated with this disease, suggesting that LtxA is a key virulence factor for A. actinomycetemcomitans. LtxA is secreted across both the inner and outer membranes via the Type I secretion system, but has also been found to be enriched within outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), derived from the bacterial outer membrane. We have characterized the association of LtxA with OMVs produced by the highly leukotoxic strain, JP2, and investigated the interaction of these OMVs with host cells to understand how LtxA is delivered to host cells in this OMV-associated form. Our results demonstrated that a significant fraction of the secreted LtxA exists in an OMV-associated form. Furthermore, we have discovered that in this OMV-associated form, the toxin is trafficked to host cells by a cholesterol- and receptor-independent mechanism in contrast to the mechanism by which free LtxA is delivered. Because OMV-associated toxin is trafficked to host cells in an entirely different manner than free toxin, this study highlights the importance of studying both free and OMV-associated forms of LtxA to understand A. actinomycetemcomitans virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Nice
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Nataliya V Balashova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Scott C Kachlany
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers University School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Evan Koufos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Eric Krueger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Edward T Lally
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Angela C Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Kanojia G, Raeven RHM, van der Maas L, Bindels THE, van Riet E, Metz B, Soema PC, Ten Have R, Frijlink HW, Amorij JP, Kersten GFA. Development of a thermostable spray dried outer membrane vesicle pertussis vaccine for pulmonary immunization. J Control Release 2018; 286:167-178. [PMID: 30048656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide resurgence of whooping cough calls for improved, next-generation pertussis vaccines that induce broad and long-lasting immunity. A mucosal pertussis vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles (omvPV) is a promising candidate. Further, a vaccine that is stable outside the cold chain would be of substantial advantage for worldwide distribution and application. A vaccine formulated as a powder could both stabilize the vaccine as well as make it suitable for pulmonary vaccination. To that end, we developed a spray dried omvPV with improved stability compared to the liquid omvPV formulation. Spray drying did not affect the structural integrity of the omvPV. The antigenicity of Vag8, a major antigen in omvPV was diminished slightly and an altered tryptophan fluorescence indicated some changes in protein structure. However, when administered via the pulmonary route in mice after reconstitution, spray dried omvPV showed comparable immune responses and protection against challenge with live B. pertussis as liquid omvPV. Mucosal IgA and Th17 responses were established in addition to broad systemic IgG and Th1/Th17 responses, indicating the induction of an effective immunity profile. Overall, a spray dried omvPV was developed that maintained effective immunogenic properties and has an improved storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kanojia
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - René H M Raeven
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Tim H E Bindels
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Soema
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rimko Ten Have
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Membrane Vesicles Derived from Bordetella bronchiseptica: Active Constituent of a New Vaccine against Infections Caused by This Pathogen. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01877-17. [PMID: 29180369 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01877-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes chronic respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including humans (albeit rarely). We recently designed Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis experimental vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from each pathogen, and we obtained protection against the respective infections in mice. Here, we demonstrated that OMVs derived from virulent-phase B. bronchiseptica (OMVBbvir+) protected mice against sublethal infections with different B. bronchiseptica strains, two isolated from farm animals and one isolated from a human patient. In all infections, we observed that the B. bronchiseptica loads were significantly reduced in the lungs of vaccinated animals; the lung-recovered CFU were decreased by ≥4 log units, compared with those detected in the lungs of nonimmunized animals (P < 0.001). In the OMVBbvir+-immunized mice, we detected IgG antibody titers against B. bronchiseptica whole-cell lysates, along with an immune serum having bacterial killing activity that both recognized B. bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharides and polypeptides such as GroEL and outer membrane protein C (OMPc) and demonstrated an essential protective capacity against B. bronchiseptica infection, as detected by passive in vivo transfer experiments. Stimulation of cultured splenocytes from immunized mice with OMVBbvir+ resulted in interleukin 5 (IL-5), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and IL-17 production, indicating that the vesicles induced mixed Th2, Th1, and Th17 T-cell immune responses. We detected, by adoptive transfer assays, that spleen cells from OMVBbvir+-immunized mice also contributed to the observed protection against B. bronchiseptica infection. OMVs from avirulent-phase B. bronchiseptica and the resulting induced immune sera were also able to protect mice against B. bronchiseptica infection.IMPORTANCEBordetella bronchiseptica, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes chronic respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including humans (albeit rarely). Several vaccines aimed at preventing B. bronchiseptica infection have been developed and used, but a safe effective vaccine is still needed. The significance and relevance of our research lie in the characterization of the OMVs derived from B. bronchiseptica as the source of a new experimental vaccine. We demonstrated here that our formulation based on OMVs derived from virulent-phase B. bronchiseptica (OMVBbvir+) was effective against infections caused by B. bronchiseptica isolates obtained from different hosts (farm animals and a human patient). In vitro and in vivo characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the OMVBbvir+ vaccine enabled a better understanding of the mechanism of protection necessary to control B. bronchiseptica infection. Here we also demonstrated that OMVs derived from B. bronchiseptica in the avirulent phase and the corresponding induced humoral immune response were able to protect mice from B. bronchiseptica infection. This realization provides the basis for the development of novel vaccines not only against the acute stages of the disease but also against stages of the disease or the infectious cycle in which avirulence factors could play a role.
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Dorji D, Mooi F, Yantorno O, Deora R, Graham RM, Mukkur TK. Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 207:3-26. [PMID: 29164393 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccine coverage, whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis remains one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. Introduction of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in 1990s reduced the mortality due to pertussis. Despite induction of both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by aP and wP vaccines, there has been resurgence of pertussis in many countries in recent years. Possible reasons hypothesised for resurgence have ranged from incompliance with the recommended vaccination programmes with the currently used aP vaccine to infection with a resurged clinical isolates characterised by mutations in the virulence factors, resulting in antigenic divergence with vaccine strain, and increased production of pertussis toxin, resulting in dampening of immune responses. While use of these vaccines provide varying degrees of protection against whooping cough, protection against infection and transmission appears to be less effective, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of an improved pertussis vaccine formulations capable of achieving this objective. Major approaches currently under evaluation for the development of an improved pertussis vaccine include identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current aP vaccine formulations, development of live attenuated vaccines and discovery of novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI. In this review, the potential roles of different accredited virulence factors, including novel biofilm-associated antigens, of B. pertussis in the evolution, formulation and delivery of improved pertussis vaccines, with potential to block the transmission of whooping cough in the community, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Dorji
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Khesar Gyalpo Medical University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Frits Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ross M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
| | - Trilochan K Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia.
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28
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Gasperini G, Arato V, Pizza M, Aricò B, Leuzzi R. Physiopathological roles of spontaneously released outer membrane vesicles of Bordetella pertussis. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1247-1259. [PMID: 28980823 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bordetella pertussis has been shown to release outer membrane vesicles (OMV) both in vitro and in vivo but little is known about their biological role during the initial phases of B. pertussis infection of the airways. RESULTS We have demonstrated that OMV are released by B. pertussis in a human ciliated-airway cell model and purified vesicles can interact with host cells. Binding and uptake are strictly Bvg-regulated and OMV-associated pertussis toxin contributes to host-cell intoxication. Furthermore, we have shown that OMV act as iron-delivery systems complementing the B. pertussis growth defect in iron-limiting conditions. CONCLUSION We have proved that OMV play different roles in B. pertussis physiopathology and we opened new perspectives to be further investigated.
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29
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Hovingh ES, van den Broek B, Kuipers B, Pinelli E, Rooijakkers SHM, Jongerius I. Acquisition of C1 inhibitor by Bordetella pertussis virulence associated gene 8 results in C2 and C4 consumption away from the bacterial surface. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006531. [PMID: 28742139 PMCID: PMC5542704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a contagious disease of the respiratory tract that is re-emerging worldwide despite high vaccination coverage. The causative agent of this disease is the Gram-negative Bordetella pertussis. Knowledge on complement evasion strategies of this pathogen is limited. However, this is of great importance for future vaccine development as it has become apparent that a novel pertussis vaccine is needed. Here, we unravel the effect of Virulence associated gene 8 (Vag8) of B. pertussis on the human complement system at the molecular level. We show that both recombinant and endogenously secreted Vag8 inhibit complement deposition on the bacterial surface at the level of C4b. We reveal that Vag8 binding to human C1-inhibitor (C1-inh) interferes with the binding of C1-inh to C1s, C1r and MASP-2, resulting in the release of active proteases that subsequently cleave C2 and C4 away from the bacterial surface. We demonstrate that the depletion of these complement components in the bacterial surrounding and subsequent decreased deposition on B. pertussis leads to less complement-mediated bacterial killing. Vag8 is the first protein described that specifically prevents C1s, C1r and MASP-2 binding to C1-inh and thereby mediates complement consumption away from the bacterial surface. Unravelling the mechanism of this unique complement evasion strategy of B. pertussis is one of the first steps towards understanding the interactions between the first line of defense complement and B. pertussis. Despite wide-spread vaccination, whooping cough caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis remains a public health problem and has been re-emerging in the past decades. To this end, new vaccination strategies are being explored including the use of complement evasion molecules as vaccine candidates. Autotransporter Virulence associated gene 8 (Vag8) was previously shown to be involved in complement evasion. However, the molecular mechanism of this immune evasion was not understood. Considering knowledge on molecular mechanisms is crucial for further studies regarding vaccine development, we investigated the underlying mechanism of Vag8 induced complement evasion of B. pertussis. We show that both recombinant Vag8 as well as endogenously secreted Vag8 inhibits complement activation via the classical and lectin complement pathway at the level of C4 and C2. We identified a novel bacterial complement evasion strategy initiated by the binding of Vag8 to C1-inhibitor. This binding interferes with the interactions between C1-inhibitor and the proteases C1s, C1r and MASP-2 resulting in the release of active proteases that cleave C4 and C2 away from the bacterial surface. This environmental consumption of C4 and C2 leads to decreased complement deposition on the bacterial surface and hence inhibits complement-mediated killing of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S. Hovingh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan van den Broek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betsy Kuipers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species, production of OMVs into extracellular milieu seems essential for their survival. Enriched with bioactive proteins, toxins, and virulence factors, OMVs play a critical role in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. Emergence of OMVs as distinct cellular entities helps bacteria in adaptating to diverse niches, in competing with other bacteria to protect members of producer species and more importantly play a crucial role in host-pathogen interaction. Composition of OMV, their ability to modulate host immune response, along with coordinated secretion of bacterial effector proteins, endows them with the armory, which can withstand hostile environments. Study of the OMV production under natural and diverse stress conditions has broadened the horizons, and also opened new frontiers in delineating the molecular machinery involved in disease pathogenesis. Playing diverse biological and pathophysiological functions, OMVs hold a great promise in enabling resurgence of bacterial diseases, in concomitance with the steep decline in the efficiency of antibiotics. Having multifaceted role, their emergence as a causative agent for a series of infectious diseases increases the probability for their exploitation in the development of effective diagnostic tools and as vaccines against diverse pathogenic species of Gram-negative origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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31
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Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs): novel tools as nature- and nano-carriers for immunogenic antigen, enzyme support, and drug delivery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9837-9843. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Zurita E, Moreno G, Martinez DS, Bartel E, Bravo S, Carriquiriborde F, Errea A, Castuma C, Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Characterization of the immune response induced by pertussis OMVs-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3303-9. [PMID: 27151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of a third generation of pertussis vaccine that could improve the control of the disease, it was proposed that the immune responses induced by the classic whole cell vaccine (wP) or after infection should be used as a reference point. We have recently identified a vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the disease etiologic agent that have been shown to be safe and protective in mice model of infection. Here we characterized OMVs-mediated immunity and the safety of our new candidate. We also deepen the knowledge of the induced humoral response contribution in pertussis protection. Regarding the safety of the OMVs based vaccine (TdapOMVsBp,) the in vitro whole blood human assay here performed, showed that the low toxicity of OMVs-based vaccine previously detected in mice could be extended to human samples. Stimulation of splenocytes from immunized mice evidenced the presence of IFN-γ and IL-17-producing cells, indicated that OMVs induces both Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly TdapOMVsBp-raised antibodies such as those induced by wP and commercial acellular vaccines (aP) which contribute to induce protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. As occurs with wP-induced antibodies, the TdapOMVsBp-induced serum antibodies efficiently opsonized B. pertussis. All the data here obtained shows that OMVs based vaccine is able to induce Th1/Th17 and Th2 mixed profile with robust humoral response involved in protection, positioning this candidate among the different possibilities to constitute the third generation of anti-pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M E Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Sabater Martinez
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Bravo
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Errea
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Toyofuku M, Tashiro Y, Hasegawa Y, Kurosawa M, Nomura N. Bacterial membrane vesicles, an overlooked environmental colloid: Biology, environmental perspectives and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 226:65-77. [PMID: 26422802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles play important roles in biological systems. Bacteria are one of the most abundant organisms on Earth, and bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) were first observed 50 years ago. Many bacteria release MVs to the environment that mainly consist of the cell membrane and typically range from 20 to 400 nm in size. Bacterial MVs are involved in several biological functions, such as delivery of cargo, virulence and gene transfer. MVs can be isolated from laboratory culture and directly from the environment, indicating their high abundance in and impact on ecosystems. Many colloidal particles in the environment ranging in size from 1 nm to 1 μm have been reported but not characterized at the molecular level, and MVs remain to be explored. Hence, MVs can be considered terra incognita in environmental colloid research. Although MV biogenesis and biological roles are yet to be fully understood, the accumulation of knowledge has opened new avenues for their applications. Via genetic engineering, the MV yield can be greatly increased, and the components of MVs can be tailored. Recent studies have demonstrated that MVs have promising potential for applications such as drug delivery systems and nanobiocatalysts. For instance, MV vaccines have been extensively studied and have already been approved in Europe. Recent MV studies have evoked great interest in the fields of biology and biotechnology, but fundamental questions, such as their transport in the environment or physicochemical features of MVs, remain to be addressed. In this review, we present the current understanding of bacterial MVs and environmental perspectives and further introduce their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Toyofuku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kurosawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Gavin HE, Satchell KJF. MARTX toxins as effector delivery platforms. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv092. [PMID: 26472741 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria frequently manipulate their host environment via delivery of microbial 'effector' proteins to the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. In the case of the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (MARTX) toxin, this phenomenon is accomplished by a single, >3500 amino acid polypeptide that carries information for secretion, translocation, autoprocessing and effector activity. MARTX toxins are secreted from bacteria by dedicated Type I secretion systems. The released MARTX toxins form pores in target eukaryotic cell membranes for the delivery of up to five cytopathic effectors, each of which disrupts a key cellular process. Targeted cellular processes include modulation or modification of small GTPases, manipulation of host cell signaling and disruption of cytoskeletal integrity. More recently, MARTX toxins have been shown to be capable of heterologous protein translocation. Found across multiple bacterial species and genera--frequently in pathogens lacking Type 3 or Type 4 secretion systems--MARTX toxins in multiple cases function as virulence factors. Innovative research at the intersection of toxin biology and bacterial genetics continues to elucidate the intricacies of the toxin as well as the cytotoxic mechanisms of its diverse effector collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Gavin
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Karla J F Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Lusta KA. Bacterial outer membrane nanovesicles: Structure, biogenesis, functions, and application in biotechnology and medicine (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kim JH, Lee J, Park J, Gho YS. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 40:97-104. [PMID: 25704309 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Like mammalian cells, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release nano-sized membrane vesicles into the extracellular environment either in a constitutive manner or in a regulated manner. These bacterial extracellular vesicles are spherical bilayered proteolipids enriched with bioactive proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence factors. Recent progress in this field supports the critical pathophysiological functions of these vesicles in both bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. This review provides an overview of the current understanding on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles, especially regarding the biogenesis, components, and functions in poly-species communities. We hope that this review will stimulate additional research in this emerging field of bacterial extracellular vesicles and contribute to the development of extracellular vesicle-based diagnostic tools and effective vaccines against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Avila-Calderón ED, Araiza-Villanueva MG, Cancino-Diaz JC, López-Villegas EO, Sriranganathan N, Boyle SM, Contreras-Rodríguez A. Roles of bacterial membrane vesicles. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:1-10. [PMID: 25294190 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria also produce membrane-derived vesicles. As OMVs transport several bacterial components, especially from the cell envelope, their interaction with the host cell, with other bacteria or as immunogens, have been studied intensely. Several functions have been ascribed to OMVs, especially those related to the transport of virulence factors, antigenic protein composition, and development as acellular vaccines. In this work, we review some of the recent findings about OMVs produced by specific pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Avila-Calderón
- Departamento de Microbiología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, CP 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Characterization of the key antigenic components of pertussis vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles. Vaccine 2014; 32:6084-90. [PMID: 25240753 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis has resurged during the last two decades in different countries. In particular in the 2010-2013 period large outbreaks were detected in US, Australia, UK and The Netherlands with significant mortality in infants. The epidemiological situation of pertussis points out the need to develop new vaccines and in this regard we previously developed a new vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which have been shown to be safe and to induce protection in mice. Here we have further investigated the properties of OMVs vaccines; in particular we studied the contribution of pertussis toxin (PTx) and pertactin (Prn) in OMVs-mediated protection against pertussis. PTx-deficient OMVs and Prn-deficient OMVs were obtained from defective Bordetella pertussis mutants. The absence of PTx or Prn did compromise the protective capacity of the OMVs formulated as Tdap vaccine. Whereas the protective efficacy of the PTx-deficient OMVs in mice was comparable to Prn-deficient OMVs, the protective capacity of both of them was significantly impaired when it was compared with the wild type OMVs. Interestingly, using OMVs obtained from a B. pertussis strain which does not express any of the virulence factors but expresses the avirulent phenotype; we observed that the protective ability of such OMVs was lower than that of OMVs obtained from virulent B. pertussis phase. However, it was surprising that although the protective capacity of avirulent OMVs was lower, they were still protective in the used mice model. These results allow us to hypothesize that OMVs from avirulent phase shares protective components with all OMVs assayed. Using an immune proteomic strategy we identified some common components that could play an important role in protection against pertussis.
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Raeven RHM, Brummelman J, Pennings JLA, Nijst OEM, Kuipers B, Blok LER, Helm K, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, van Els CACM, Han WGH, Kersten GFA, Metz B. Molecular signatures of the evolving immune response in mice following a Bordetella pertussis infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104548. [PMID: 25137043 PMCID: PMC4138111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide resurgence of pertussis necessitates the need for improvement of pertussis vaccines and vaccination strategies. Since natural infections induce a longer-lasting immunity than vaccinations, detailed knowledge of the immune responses following natural infection can provide important clues for such improvement. The purpose was to elucidate the kinetics of the protective immune response evolving after experimental Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infection in mice. Data were collected from (i) individual analyses, i.e. microarray, flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and bacterial clearance; (ii) twelve time points during the infection; and (iii) different tissues involved in the immune responses, i.e. lungs, spleen and blood. Combined data revealed detailed insight in molecular and cellular sequence of events connecting different phases (innate, bridging and adaptive) of the immune response following the infection. We detected a prolonged acute phase response, broad pathogen recognition, and early gene signatures of subsequent T-cell recruitment in the lungs. Activation of particular transcription factors and specific cell markers provided insight into the time course of the transition from innate towards adaptive immune responses, which resulted in a broad spectrum of systemic antibody subclasses and splenic Th1/Th17 memory cells against B. pertussis. In addition, signatures preceding the local generation of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as IgA in the lungs, considered key elements in protection against B. pertussis, were established. In conclusion, molecular and cellular immunological processes in response to live B. pertussis infection were unraveled, which may provide guidance in selecting new vaccine candidates that should evoke local and prolonged protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H. M. Raeven
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L. A. Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Betsy Kuipers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kina Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda G. H. Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F. A. Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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van der Ark AAJ, Hozbor DF, Boog CJP, Metz B, van den Dobbelsteen GPJM, van Els CACM. Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1121-37. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gaillard ME, Bottero D, Errea A, Ormazábal M, Zurita ME, Moreno G, Rumbo M, Castuma C, Bartel E, Flores D, van der Ley P, van der Ark A, F Hozbor D. Acellular pertussis vaccine based on outer membrane vesicles capable of conferring both long-lasting immunity and protection against different strain genotypes. Vaccine 2014; 32:931-7. [PMID: 24397896 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage rates, pertussis continues to be a global concern, with increased incidence widely noted. The current pertussis epidemiologic situation has been mainly attributed to waning immunity and pathogen adaptation. To improve the disease control, a new generation of vaccines capable to overcome those weaknesses associated to the current vaccines need to be developed. Previously we have demonstrated that the outer membrane vesicles obtained from the recombinant Bordetella pertussis strain expressing PagL enzyme (OMVs(BpPagL)) are good vaccine candidates to protect against pertussis. In this work the OMVs(BpPagL) formulated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (Tdap(OMVsBpPagL)) was used to evaluate its capacity to offer protection against Argentinean clinical isolates and to induce long-term immunity. To these aims BALB/c mice were immunized with Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) and challenged with sublethal doses of the clinical isolate Bp106 selected as a representative circulating isolate. Comparisons with a current commercial Tdap vaccine used at a dose in which pertussis toxin level was equivalent to that of Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) were performed. With the normalized doses of both vaccines we observed that Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) protected against the clinical isolate infection, whereas current commercial Tdap vaccine showed little protection against such pathogen. Regarding long-term immunity we observed that the Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) protective capacity against the recommended WHO reference strain persisted at least 9 months. In agreement with these results Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) induced Th1 and Th2 immune response. In contrast, commercial Tdap induced Th2 but weak Th1 responses. All results presented here showed that Tdap(OMVsBpPagL) is an interesting formulation to be considered for the development of novel acellular multi-antigen vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustina Errea
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune (LISIN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Ormazábal
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Griselda Moreno
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune (LISIN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martin Rumbo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune (LISIN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Celina Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dario Flores
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter van der Ley
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening (LIS) Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Ark
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening (LIS) Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela F Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata. Calles 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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42
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Outer membrane vesicles reflect environmental cues in Gallibacterium anatis. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:565-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hanawa T, Yonezawa H, Kawakami H, Kamiya S, Armstrong SK. Role of Bordetella pertussis RseA in the cell envelope stress response and adenylate cyclase toxin release. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:7-20. [PMID: 23821542 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the bacterial agent of the human disease such as whooping cough. In many bacteria, the extracellular function sigma factor σE is central to the response to envelope stress, and its activity is negatively controlled by the RseA anti-sigma factor. In this study, the role of RseA in B. pertussis envelope stress responses was investigated. Compared with the wild-type strain, an rseA mutant showed elevated resistance to envelope stress and enhanced growth at 25 °C. rpoH and other predicted σE target genes demonstrated increased transcription in the rseA mutant compared with the wild-type parent. Transcription of those genes was also increased in wild-type B. pertussis and Escherichia coli under envelope stress, whereas no stress-induced increase in transcription was observed in the rseA mutant. rseA inactivation was also associated with altered levels of certain proteins in culture supernatant fluids, which showed increased adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) levels. The increased CyaA in the mutant was correlated with an apparent increased stability of the extracellular toxin and increased production of CyaA-containing outer membrane vesicles. Consistent with this, compared with the wild-type strain, rseA mutant cells produced increased numbers of large surface-associated vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Errea A, Moreno G, Zurita E, Pianciola L, Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella parapertussis as an acellular vaccine against Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella pertussis infection. Vaccine 2013; 31:5262-8. [PMID: 24012570 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella parapertussis, a close related species of B. pertussis, can also cause the disease named pertussis or whooping cough. The number of cases caused by this related pathogen has risen sustained in the last years. The widely used cellular (wP) or acellular (aP) pertussis vaccines have little or no efficacy against B. parapertussis. In an effort to devise an effective acellular vaccine against B. parapertussis infection, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were obtained from B. parapertussis. Proteomic analysis of the resulting OMVs, designated OMVsBpp, evidenced the presence of several surface immunogens including pertactin. The characterized OMVsBpp were used in murine B. parapertussis intranasal challenge model to examine their protective capacity when administered by systemic route. Immunized BALB/c mice were challenged with sublethal doses of B. parapertussis. Significant differences between immunized animals and the negative control group were observed (p<0.001). OMVsBpp protected against B. parapertussis infection, whereas current commercial aP vaccine showed little protection against such pathogen. More interestingly, protection induced by OMVsBpp against B. pertussis was comparable to our previously designed vaccine consisting in OMVs derived from B. pertussis (OMVsBp). For these experiments we used as a positive control the current commercial aP vaccine in high dose. As expected aP offered protection against B. pertussis in mice. Altogether the results presented here showed that the OMVs from B. parapertussis are an attractive vaccine candidate to protect against whooping cough induced by B. parapertussis but also by B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bottero
- Laborartorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata CONICET, Argentina
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Deatherage BL, Cookson BT. Membrane vesicle release in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea: a conserved yet underappreciated aspect of microbial life. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1948-57. [PMID: 22409932 PMCID: PMC3370574 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06014-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of microbes with their environment depends on features of the dynamic microbial surface throughout cell growth and division. Surface modifications, whether used to acquire nutrients, defend against other microbes, or resist the pressures of a host immune system, facilitate adaptation to unique surroundings. The release of bioactive membrane vesicles (MVs) from the cell surface is conserved across microbial life, in bacteria, archaea, fungi, and parasites. MV production occurs not only in vitro but also in vivo during infection, underscoring the influence of these surface organelles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis through delivery of enzymes, toxins, communication signals, and antigens recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems. Derived from a variety of organisms that span kingdoms of life and called by several names (membrane vesicles, outer membrane vesicles [OMVs], exosomes, shedding microvesicles, etc.), the conserved functions and mechanistic strategies of MV release are similar, including the use of ESCRT proteins and ESCRT protein homologues to facilitate these processes in archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Although forms of MV release by different organisms share similar visual, mechanistic, and functional features, there has been little comparison across microbial life. This underappreciated conservation of vesicle release, and the resulting functional impact throughout the tree of life, explored in this review, stresses the importance of vesicle-mediated processes throughout biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad T. Cookson
- Department of Microbiology
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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46
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Donato GM, Goldsmith CS, Paddock CD, Eby JC, Gray MC, Hewlett EL. Delivery of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to target cells via outer membrane vesicles. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:459-65. [PMID: 22289177 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) intoxicates cells by producing intracellular cAMP. B. pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) contain ACT on their surface (OMV-ACT), but the properties of OMV-ACT were previously unknown. We found that B. pertussis in the lung from a fatal pertussis case contains OMV, suggesting an involvement in pathogenesis. OMV-ACT and ACT intoxicate cells with and without the toxin's receptor CD11b/CD18. Intoxication by ACT is blocked by antitoxin and anti-CD11b antibodies, but not by cytochalasin-D; in contrast, OMV-ACT is unaffected by either antibody and blocked by cytochalasin-D. Thus OMV-ACT can deliver ACT by processes distinct from those of ACT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Donato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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47
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48
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Lusta KA, Kozlovskii YE. Outer membrane nanovesicles of gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Outer membrane vesicles obtained from Bordetella pertussis Tohama expressing the lipid A deacylase PagL as a novel acellular vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2011; 29:1649-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Unal CM, Schaar V, Riesbeck K. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles in disease and preventive medicine. Semin Immunopathol 2010; 33:395-408. [PMID: 21153593 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-010-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have the ability to produce outer membrane-derived vesicles (OMVs) that are released into the extracellular milieu. Even though this intriguing phenomenon is well-known since many years, various aspects of bacterial OMVs are not fully described and are still in the process of being characterized in detail. One major reason for this is that depending on the bacterial species and its respective ecological niche, OMVs exhibit an enormous functional diversity. Research of the past years has clearly shown that OMVs of many pathogenic bacteria contribute to the virulence potential by enriching virulence factors and delivering them over long distances, superseding direct bacterial contact with their host. The subsequent interaction of OMVs with the host can occur at different levels regarding the type of immune response or the target cell type and may lead to different outcomes ranging from non-immunogenic activation or a pro-inflammatory response to cytotoxicity. In contrast to being virulence factors, OMVs are used for vaccination purposes in the combat against bacterial pathogens, and recent research thus is focused on to indirectly aim these versatile bacterial weapons against themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can M Unal
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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