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Goyal A, Afzal M, Goyal K, Ganesan S, Kumari M, Sunitha S, Dash A, Saini S, Rana M, Gupta G, Ali H, Wong LS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles: Precision miRNA delivery for overcoming cancer therapy resistance. Regen Ther 2025; 29:303-318. [PMID: 40237010 PMCID: PMC11999318 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a prominent worldwide health concern, presenting existing therapies with frequent difficulties, including major toxicity, limited effectiveness, and treatment resistance emergence. These issues highlight the necessity for novel and enhanced remedies. Exosomes, tiny extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication, have attracted interest for their potential medicinal applications. Carrying a variety of molecules, including microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, and DNA, these vesicles are positioned as promising cancer treatment options. Current studies have increasingly investigated the capacity of microRNAs as a strategic approach for combating malignancy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are recognized for their aptitude to augment blood vessel formation, safeguard against cellular death, and modulate immune responses. Consequently, researchers examine exosomes derived from MSCs as a safer, non-cellular choice over therapies employing MSCs, which risk undesirable differentiation. The focus is shifting towards employing miRNA-encapsulated exosomes sourced from MSCs to target and heal cancerous cells selectively. However, the exact functions of miRNAs within MSC-derived exosomes in the context of cancer are still not fully understood. Additional exploration is necessary to clarify the role of these miRNAs in malignancy progression and to pinpoint viable therapeutic targets. This review offers a comprehensive examination of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, focusing on the encapsulation of miRNAs, methods for enhancing cellular uptake and stability, and their potential applications in cancer treatment. It also addresses the difficulties linked to this methodology and considers future avenues, including insights from current clinical oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavita Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, 248002, Dehradun, India
| | - Subbulakshmi Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukesh Kumari
- Department of Applied Sciences-Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering & Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - S. Sunitha
- Department of CHEMISTRY, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aniruddh Dash
- Department of Orthopaedics IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Suman Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Rana
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Karna D, Watanabe S, Sharma G, Sharma A, Zheng Y, Kawamata I, Suzuki Y, Mao H. Logic-Gated Modulation of Cell Migration via Mesoscale Mechanical Uncaging Effects. ACS NANO 2025; 19:8058-8069. [PMID: 39980204 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Mesoscopic objects ranging from molecular machinery to cells are prevalent in nature. Unlike atomic and nanoscopic objects that do not have pronounced mechanical properties due to their small sizes, mesoscale substances demonstrate their unique mechanical features that can interfere with cell functions, particularly those with a mechanical nature such as cell migrations. Here, we demonstrate mechanical caging/uncaging effects in a DNA origami nanospring system that precisely controls cancer cell migrations. By leveraging DNA as a programming language, our work demonstrates the creation of logic gates (Boolean AND and OR gates) responsive to various miRNA inputs, resulting in mechanical and structural changes in DNA origami nanosprings serving as processors, which uncage the arginyl-glycyl-aspartate (RGD) ligands to interact with integrins on the cell membrane surface. The mechanical uncaging effect inhibits the migration of cancer cells. The strategy can be readily harnessed for targeted drug delivery with minimal off-target effects. Our proof-of-concept mesoscale DNA origami self-assembly highlights the potential for exquisite multimodal control of mechanical functions of cells with future applications in synthetic biology and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Karna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Shin Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Grinsun Sharma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Yaorong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Ibuki Kawamata
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Balaraman AK, Arockia Babu M, Afzal M, Sanghvi G, M M R, Gupta S, Rana M, Ali H, Goyal K, Subramaniyan V, Wong LS, Kumarasamy V. Exosome-based miRNA delivery: Transforming cancer treatment with mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Ther 2025; 28:558-572. [PMID: 40034540 PMCID: PMC11872554 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Recently, increasing interest has been in utilizing mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), especially exosomes, as nanocarriers for miRNA delivery in cancer treatment. Due to such characteristics, nanocarriers are specific: biocompatible, low immunogenicity, and capable of spontaneous tumor accumulation. MSC-EVs were loaded with therapeutic miRNAs and minimized their susceptibility to degradation by protecting the miRNA from accessibility to degrading enzymes and providing targeted delivery of the miRNAs to the tumor cells to modulate oncogenic pathways. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that MSC-EVs loaded with miRNAs may inhibit tumor growth, prevent metastasis, and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these improvements present difficulties such as isolation, scalability, and stability of delivered miRNA during storage. Furthermore, the issues related to off-target effects, as well as immunogenicity, can be a focus. The mechanisms of miRNA loading into MSC-EVs, as well as their targeting efficiency and therapeutic potential, can be outlined in this manuscript. For the final part of the manuscript, the current advances in MSC-EV engineering and potential strategies for clinical application have been described. The findings of MSC-EVs imply that they present MSC-EVs as a second-generation tool for precise oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Balaraman
- Research and Enterprise, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, Cyberjaya, Selangor, 63000, Malaysia
| | - M. Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA UNIVERSITY, Mathura, UP, 281406, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Sanghvi
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India
| | - Rekha M M
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Mohit Rana
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kavita Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, 248002, Dehradun, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Luo X, Wen W. MicroRNA in prostate cancer: from biogenesis to applicative potential. BMC Urol 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 39506720 PMCID: PMC11539483 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignant tumor in men, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. While current screening tools, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination, are available for early detection of prostate cancer, their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Tissue puncture biopsy, although capable of offering a definitive diagnosis, has poor positive predictive rates and burdens the patient more. Therefore, more reliable molecular diagnostic tools for prostate cancer urgently need to be developed. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted much attention in prostate cancer research. miRNAs are extensively engaged in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer is considered a critical factor in tumorigenesis and progression. This review first briefly introduces the biogenesis of miRNAs and their functions in cancer, then focuses on tumor-promoting miRNAs and tumor-suppressor miRNAs in prostate cancer. Finally, the potential application of miRNAs as multifunctional tools for cancer diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and therapy is discussed in detail. The concluding section summarizes the major points of the review and the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- Department of Urology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of Urology, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610213, P.R. China.
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5
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Zhang H, Liu X, Shi J, Su X, Xie J, Meng Q, Dong H. Research progress on the mechanism of exosome-mediated virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1418168. [PMID: 38988816 PMCID: PMC11233549 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1418168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracelluar vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication and are pivotal in post-transcriptional regulation within cellular gene regulatory networks, impacting pathogen dynamics. These vesicles serve as crucial regulators of immune responses, mediating cellular interactions and enabling the introduction of viral pathogenic regions into host cells. Exosomes released from virus-infected cells harbor diverse microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred to recipient cells, thereby modulating virus infection. This transfer is a critical element in the molecular interplay mediated by exosomes. Additionally, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) within exosomes plays a vital role in virus infection, with ESCRT components binding to viral proteins to facilitate virus budding. This review elucidates the roles of exosomes and their constituents in the invasion of host cells by viruses, aiming to shed new light on the regulation of viral transmission via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuanyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiuming Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiayuan Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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6
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Li N, Li K, Zhao W, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang Q, Pan L, Li Q, Ji K, He N, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Yang M, Du L, Liu Q. Small extracellular vesicles from irradiated lung epithelial cells promote the activation of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:268-280. [PMID: 37747344 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2263550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar epithelial injury and dysfunction are the risk factors for radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). However, it is not clear about the relationship between RIPF and the small extracellular vesicles (sEV) secreted by irradiated alveolar epithelial cells. Based on the activation of fibroblasts, this study explored the role of sEV derived from alveolar epithelial cells in RIPF and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting were used to characterize sEV. Western blotting was used to detect fibrosis-associated proteins. Cell counts and transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration ability of fibroblasts. RT-PCR was used to observe the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by fibroblasts, miRNA changes in the sEV were determined by second-generation sequencing. RESULTS TEM, NTA, and western blotting showed the extracellular vesicles with a double-layer membrane structure of approximately 100 nm in diameter. The sEV derived from irradiated A549, HBEC3-KT, and MLE12 cells upregulated FN1 and alpha-SMA proteins expression in fibroblasts and drove the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, and the sEV from irradiated mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) affirmed the same results. In addition, the sEV derived from irradiated alveolar epithelial cells significantly increased the migration ability of fibroblasts and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as FN1. The results of miRNA sequencing of sEV in BALF of rats with RIPF showed that the metabolic pathway may be important for miRNA to regulate the activation of fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The sEV derived from radiated pulmonary epithelial cells promote the activation, migration and extracellular matrix proteins expression of lung fibroblasts; miRNA in sEV may be an important molecular that affects the activation of lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kejun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- The general surgery department of Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The general surgery department of Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Zhang C, Qin C, Dewanjee S, Bhattacharya H, Chakraborty P, Jha NK, Gangopadhyay M, Jha SK, Liu Q. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38243280 PMCID: PMC10797874 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation of cancer, through genetic and biological communication with healthy cells. TDSEVs are known to orchestrate the invasion-metastasis cascade via diverse pathways. Regulation of early metastasis processes, pre-metastatic niche formation, immune system regulation, angiogenesis initiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune modulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are among the pathways regulated by TDSEVs. MicroRNAs (miRs) carried within TDSEVs play a pivotal role as a double-edged sword and can either promote metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. TDSEVs can serve as excellent markers for early detection of tumors, and tumor metastases. From a therapeutic point of view, the risk of cancer metastasis may be reduced by limiting the production of TDSEVs from tumor cells. On the other hand, TDSEVs represent a promising approach for in vivo delivery of therapeutic cargo to tumor cells. The present review article discusses the recent developments and the current views of TDSEVs in the field of cancer research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
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8
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Mamalo AS, Alivirdiloo V, Sadeghnejad A, Hajiabbasi M, Gargari MK, Valilo M. Potential roles of the exosome/microRNA axis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154845. [PMID: 37839359 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, and various genetic and environmental factors play a key role in its development. Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in women. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of about 100 nm that contain lipids, proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and genetic factors and play a significant role in cell signaling, communication, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. miRNAs are RNAs with about 22 nucleotides, which are synthesized by RNA polymerase and are involved in regulating gene expression, as well as the prevention or progression of cancer. Many studies have indicated the connection between miRNAs and exosomes. According to their findings, it seems that circulating exosomal miRNAs have not been well evaluated as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring. Therefore, given the importance of miRNAs in exosomes, the goal of the present study was to clarify the relationship between miRNAs in exosomes and the role they play as biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Alivirdiloo
- Medical Doctor Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Azadeh Sadeghnejad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morad Kohandel Gargari
- Imamreza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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9
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Nakanishi T, Yoneshima Y, Okamura K, Yanagihara T, Hashisako M, Iwasaki T, Haratake N, Mizusaki S, Ota K, Iwama E, Takenaka T, Tanaka K, Yoshizumi T, Oda Y, Okamoto I. MicroRNA-326 negatively regulates CD155 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4101-4113. [PMID: 37565582 PMCID: PMC10551600 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces a durable response in some patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, but eventually gives rise to drug resistance. Upregulation of CD155 expression is implicated as one mechanism of resistance to programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors, and it is therefore important to characterize the mechanisms underlying regulation of CD155 expression in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that might regulate CD155 expression at the posttranscriptional level in lung cancer. Comprehensive miRNA screening with target prediction programs and a dual-luciferase reporter assay identified miR-346, miR-328-3p, miR-326, and miR-330-5p as miRNAs that bind to the 3'-UTR of CD155 mRNA. Forced expression of these miRNAs suppressed CD155 expression in lung cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining of CD155 in tissue specimens from 57 patients with lung adenocarcinoma revealed the median tumor proportion score for CD155 to be 68%. The abundance of miR-326 in these specimens with a low level of CD155 expression was significantly greater than in specimens with a high level (p < 0.005). Our results thus suggest that miR-326 negatively regulates CD155 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and might therefore play a role in the development of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Koji Okamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Mikiko Hashisako
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shun Mizusaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keiichi Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eiji Iwama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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10
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Cammarata G, Barraco N, Giusti I, Gristina V, Dolo V, Taverna S. Extracellular Vesicles-ceRNAs as Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Looking into circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Code. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143404. [PMID: 35884464 PMCID: PMC9324482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with ovarian cancer have a very poor chance of long-term survival, usually due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles contain noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, piwiRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, with regulatory effects on ovarian cancer. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer-associated circular RNA shuttled by extracellular vesicles as mediators of cancer progression and novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy. We propose a circular-RNA–microRNA-mRNA code that can reveal the regulatory network created by extracellular vesicles, noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs in ovarian cancer. Future research in this field will help to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and druggable therapeutic targets, which will ultimately benefit patients. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies in females worldwide. OC is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of specific symptoms and effective screening tests, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. Age, genetic alterations, and family history are the major risk factors for OC pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying OC progression, identifying new biomarkers for early detection, and discovering potential targets for new drugs are urgent needs. Liquid biopsy (LB), used for cancer detection and management, consists of a minimally invasive approach and practical alternative source to investigate tumor alterations by testing extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor cells, tumor-educated platelets, and cell-free nucleic acids. EVs are nanosize vesicles shuttling proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, such as DNA, RNA, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that can induce phenotypic reprogramming of target cells. EVs are natural intercellular shuttles for ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular-RNAs (circRNAs), known to have regulatory effects in OC. Here we focus on the involvement of circRNAs and miRNAs in OC cancer progression. The circRNA-microRNA-mRNA axis has been investigated with Circbank and miRwalk analysis, unraveling the intricate and detailed regulatory network created by EVs, ncRNAs, and mRNAs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (N.B.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.G.); (V.D.)
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.T.)
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11
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Sailliet N, Ullah M, Dupuy A, Silva AKA, Gazeau F, Le Mai H, Brouard S. Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800018. [PMID: 35185891 PMCID: PMC8851566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied in the last two decades. It is now well documented that they can actively participate in the activation or regulation of immune system functions through different mechanisms, the most studied of which include protein–protein interactions and miRNA transfers. The functional diversity of EV-secreting cells makes EVs potential targets for immunotherapies through immune cell-derived EV functions. They are also a potential source of biomarkers of graft rejection through donor cells or graft environment-derived EV content modification. This review focuses on preclinical studies that describe the role of EVs from different cell types in immune suppression and graft tolerance and on the search for biomarkers of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sailliet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Matti Ullah
- MSC-med, INSERM U7057, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Dupuy
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Hoa Le Mai
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centeer for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Nantes, France
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12
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Wang L, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Higher Urine Exosomal miR-193a Is Associated With a Higher Probability of Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and an Increased Risk of Poor Prognosis Among Children With Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727370. [PMID: 34708038 PMCID: PMC8542839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In children, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases leading to end-stage renal disease. Exosomes facilitate communication between cells by transporting proteins and microRNAs. We aimed to investigate the utility of urine exosomal miR-193a for diagnosis and prognosis estimation among patients with primary FSGS, and preliminarily explore the regulation mechanism of exosome secretion from podocytes. Methods: Specimens of urine were obtained from patients with primary FSGS, minimal change nephropathy (MCN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN), followed by exosome isolation. We quantified urine exosomal miR-193a based on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and evaluated its applicability using area-under-receiver-operating-characteristics curves (AUROCs). The semiquantitative glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) was used to evaluate the degree of glomerulosclerosis according to the method of Raij et al. We further used FAM-labeled miR-193a-5p to examine exosome shuttling using confocal microscopy for visualization, and explored the regulation mechanism of exosomes release from podocytes using Fluo-3AM dye. Results: Urine exosomal miR-193a levels were significantly higher in patients with primary FSGS than those with MCN and IgAN. The AUROCs for discriminating between primary FSGS and MCN or IgAN were 0.85 and 0.821, respectively. Urine exosomal miR-193a levels positively correlated with GSI in patients with primary FSGS. We further found that kidney tissues from these patients had increased CD63 expression involving podocytes in non-sclerotic tufts. Exosomes from cultured podocytes could transport miR-193a-5p to recipient cells, potentially through a calcium-dependent release mechanism. Conclusion: Urine exosomal miR-193a might be harnessed as a non-invasive marker for diagnosis and outcome assessment among patients with primary FSGS. Exosomes were potential vehicles for miRNAs shuttling between podocytes, and released from podocytes in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Yamada M. Extracellular vesicles: Their emerging roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2021; 59:302-311. [PMID: 33753011 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli are the basic structure of the lungs, consisting of various types of parenchymal and bone marrow-derived cells including alveolar macrophages. These various types of cells have several important functions; thus, communication between these cells plays an important role in homeostasis as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases in the lungs. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of lung diseases, researchers have isolated each type of lung cell to investigate the changes in their gene expressions, including their humoral factor or adhesion molecules, to reveal the intercellular communication among these cells. In particular, investigations during the past decade have focused on extracellular vesicles, which are lipid bilayer delimited vesicles released from a cell that can move among various cells and transfer substances, including microRNAs, mRNAs and proteins, thus, functioning as intercellular messengers. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three general groups: apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and microparticles. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes and microparticles, are attracting increasing attention from pulmonologists as tools for understanding pathogenesis and disease diagnosis. Here, we review studies, including our own, on exosomes and microparticles and their roles in both lung homeostasis and the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, the current global public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808574, Japan.
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14
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Imanishi Y, Hata M, Matsukawa R, Aoyagi A, Omi M, Mizutani M, Naruse K, Ozawa S, Honda M, Matsubara T, Takebe J. Efficacy of extracellular vesicles from dental pulp stem cells for bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defects. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:12. [PMID: 33853679 PMCID: PMC8048358 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be secreted by various cells. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have tissue repair capacity and anti-inflammatory properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are MSCs isolated from pulp tissue, are less invasive to the body than other MSCs and can be collected from young individuals. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of EVs secreted by DPSCs (DPSC-EVs) for bone formation. Methods DPSC-EVs were isolated from the cell culture medium of DPSCs. DPSC-EVs were unilaterally injected along with collagen (COL), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) into rat calvarial bone defects. The effects of DPSC-EVs were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological observation. Results Micro-CT showed that administration of DPSC-EVs with the abovementioned scaffolds resulted in bone formation in the periphery of the defects. DPSC-EVs/COL specifically resulted in bone formation in the center of the defects. Histological observation revealed that DPSC-EVs/COL promoted new bone formation. Administration of DPSC-EVs/COL had almost the same effect on the bone defect site as transplantation of DPSCs/COL. Conclusions These results suggest that DPSC-EVs may be effective tools for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Imanishi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Matsukawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Atsushi Aoyagi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizutani
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Honda
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Takebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
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15
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Ekine-Afolabi BA, Njan AA, Rotimi SO, R. I. A, Elbehi AM, Cash E, Adeyeye A. The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583372. [PMID: 33381452 PMCID: PMC7769005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anoka A. Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Anu R. I.
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Attia M. Elbehi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Care and Health Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardif, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ademola Adeyeye
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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16
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Dragomir MP, Moisoiu V, Manaila R, Pardini B, Knutsen E, Anfossi S, Amit M, Calin GA. A Holistic Perspective: Exosomes Shuttle between Nerves and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113529. [PMID: 33142779 PMCID: PMC7693842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the limitations of cancer research has been the restricted focus on tumor cells and the omission of other non-malignant cells that are constitutive elements of this systemic disease. Current research is focused on the bidirectional communication between tumor cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune and endothelial cells, and nerves. A major success of this bidirectional approach has been the development of immunotherapy. Recently, a more complex landscape involving a multi-lateral communication between the non-malignant components of the TME started to emerge. A prime example is the interplay between immune and endothelial cells, which led to the approval of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and classical chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Hence, a paradigm shift approach is to characterize the crosstalk between different non-malignant components of the TME and understand their role in tumorigenesis. In this perspective, we discuss the interplay between nerves and immune cells within the TME. In particular, we focus on exosomes and microRNAs as a systemic, rapid and dynamic communication channel between tumor cells, nerves and immune cells contributing to cancer progression. Finally, we discuss how combinatorial therapies blocking this tumorigenic cross-talk could lead to improved outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.P.D.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Roxana Manaila
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10060 Candiolo, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Simone Anfossi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.P.D.); (G.A.C.)
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Cai X, Qu L, Yang J, Xu J, Sun L, Wei X, Qu X, Bai T, Guo Z, Zhu Y. Exosome-transmitted microRNA-133b inhibited bladder cancer proliferation by upregulating dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6009-6019. [PMID: 32627968 PMCID: PMC7433806 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder Cancer (BC) is the ninth most common tumor in the world and one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. Some studies reported that miR‐133b expression is reduced in BC, but whether it plays a role in the development of BC and its mechanism is unclear. microRNAs can be packaged into exosomes to mediate communication between tumor cells, affecting their proliferation and apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of exosomal miR‐133b on BC proliferation and its molecular mechanism. Firstly, the expression of miR‐133b was evaluated in BC and adjacent normal tissues, as well as in serum exosomes of BC patients and healthy controls. Then the delivery and internalization of exosomes in cells was observed through fluorescence localization. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in BC cells transfected with mimics and incubated with exosomes. The role of exosomal miR‐133b was also analyzed in nude mice transplant tumors. Furthermore, the target gene of miR‐133b was predicted through bioinformatics. The level of miR‐133b was significantly decreased in BC tissues and in exosomes from serum of patients, which was correlated with poor overall survival in TCGA. Exosomal miR‐133b could be obtained using BC cells after transfection with miR‐133b mimics. The miR‐133b expression increased after incubation with exosomal miR‐133b, which lead to the inhibition of viability and increase of apoptosis in BC cells. Exosomal miR‐133b could suppress tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we found that exosomal miR‐133b may play a role in suppressing BC proliferation by upregulating dual‐specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). These findings may offer promise for new therapeutic directions of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cai
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Qu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwen Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Sun
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Gerontology Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhirui Guo
- Gerontology Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Breast Cancer Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis Induction and Their Clinical Implications as Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103573. [PMID: 32443642 PMCID: PMC7278927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing worldwide. The main risk factors for cancer can be associated with aging as well as the growth of the population and socioeconomic condition. Breast cancer, a crucial public health problem, is the second cause of death among women. About 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer have bone metastases. In bone metastasis, cancer cells and osteoclasts form a vicious cycle: cancer cells promote osteoclast differentiation and activation that, in turn, induce cancer cell seeding and proliferation in the bone. Growing evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in carcinogenesis, proliferation, pre-metastatic niche formation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance in several tumors, such as breast, lung, prostate, and liver cancer. Here, we discuss the role of EVs released by breast cancer cells, focusing on bone metastasis induction and their clinical implications as biomarkers.
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19
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Zhao Z, Wijerathne H, Godwin AK, Soper SA. Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 2:80-103. [PMID: 34414401 PMCID: PMC8372011 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an evolving biomarker within the liquid biopsy family. While carrying both host cell proteins and different types of RNAs, EVs are also present in sufficient quantities in biological samples to be tested using many molecular analysis platforms to interrogate their content. However, because EVs in biological samples are comprised of both disease and non-disease related EVs, enrichment is often required to remove potential interferences from the downstream molecular assay. Most benchtop isolation/enrichment methods require > milliliter levels of sample and can cause varying degrees of damage to the EVs. In addition, some of the common EV benchtop isolation methods do not sort the diseased from the non-diseased related EVs. Simultaneously, the detection of the overall concentration and size distribution of the EVs is highly dependent on techniques such as electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, which can include unexpected variations and biases as well as complexity in the analysis. This review discusses the importance of EVs as a biomarker secured from a liquid biopsy and covers some of the traditional and non-traditional, including microfluidics and resistive pulse sensing, technologies for EV isolation and detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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20
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Najminejad H, Kalantar SM, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Karimi MH, Seifalian AM, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Sheikhha MH. Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1672-1684. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najminejad
- Department of Medical GeneticsShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | | | | | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd)The London BioScience Innovation Centre London UK
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research CentreIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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21
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Recent advances on nanomaterials-based fluorimetric approaches for microRNAs detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:110007. [PMID: 31500008 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are types of small single-stranded endogenous highly conserved non-coding RNAs, which play main regulatory functions in a wide range of cellular and physiological events, such as proliferation, differentiation, neoplastic transformation, and cell regeneration. Recent findings have proved a close association between microRNAs expression and the development of many diseases, indicating the importance of microRNAs as clinical biomarkers and targets for drug discovery. However, due to a number of prominent characteristics like small size, high sequence similarity and low abundance, sensitive and selective identification of microRNAs has rather been a hardship through routine traditional assays, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and northern blotting analysis. More recently, the soaring progression in nanotechnology and fluorimetric methodologies in combination with nanomaterials have promised microRNAs detection with high sensitivity, efficiency and selectivity, excellent reproducibility and lower cost. Therefore, this review will represent an overview of latest advances in microRNAs detection through nanomaterials-based fluorescent methods, like gold nanoparticles, silver and copper nanoclusters, graphene oxide, and magnetic silicon nanoparticles.
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22
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Pardini B, Calin GA. MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Hormone-Like Activities in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030378. [PMID: 30884898 PMCID: PMC6468345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones are messengers circulating in the body that interact with specific receptors on the cell membrane or inside the cells and regulate, at a distal site, the activities of specific target organs. The definition of hormone has evolved in the last years. Hormones are considered in the context of cell–cell communication and mechanisms of cellular signaling. The best-known mechanisms of this kind are chemical receptor-mediated events, the cell–cell direct interactions through synapses, and, more recently, the extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer between cells. Recently, it has been extensively demonstrated that EVs are used as a way of communication between cells and that they are transporters of specific messenger signals including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Circulating ncRNAs in body fluids and extracellular fluid compartments may have endocrine hormone-like effects because they can act at a distance from secreting cells with widespread consequences within the recipient cells. Here, we discuss and report examples of the potential role of miRNAs and lncRNAs as mediator for intercellular communication with a hormone-like mechanism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin 10126, Italy.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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Chen B, Xia Z, Deng YN, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Open Biol 2019; 9:180212. [PMID: 30958116 PMCID: PMC6367136 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No. 17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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24
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Abstract
In biological systems, extracellular vesicles including exosomes have recently been revealed to play a significant role in the communication between various cells, and the number of papers on this subject has dramatically increased. In current conventional exosome studies, the standard research method is to use liquid biopsies to analyze extracts of various disease exosomes. However, exosomes are only one of many key players in natural cellular interactions. Reproducing the phenomena occurring in vivo and investigating the interactions are required in order to examine their role fully. For exosome research, an alternative to the liquid biopsy method for observing natural interactions is the co-culturing technique. It does not require an exosome extraction procedure, and while the technique has been used in many studies thus far, its application to exosome research has been limited. However, the use of co-culturing technologies is necessary to examine the essential interactions of exosomes. An overview of exosome research methodologies and co-culturing systems is thus provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Shimasaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University.,Ginreilab Inc
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25
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Sun L, Meckes DG. Methodological Approaches to Study Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs in Epstein⁻Barr Virus-Associated Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092810. [PMID: 30231493 PMCID: PMC6164614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr-virus (EBV) was the first virus identified to be associated with human cancer in 1964 and is found ubiquitously throughout the world's population. It is now established that EBV contributes to the development and progression of multiple human cancers of both lymphoid and epithelial cell origins. EBV encoded miRNAs play an important role in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, immune escape, tissue invasion, and metastasis. Recently, EBV miRNAs have been found to be released from infected cancer cells in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and regulate gene expression in neighboring uninfected cells present in the tumor microenvironment and possibly at distal sites. As EVs are abundant in many biological fluids, the viral and cellular miRNAs present within EBV-modified EVs may serve as noninvasion markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in EV isolation and miRNA detection, and provide a complete workflow for EV purification from plasma and deep-sequencing for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - David G Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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26
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Finotti A, Allegretti M, Gasparello J, Giacomini P, Spandidos DA, Spoto G, Gambari R. Liquid biopsy and PCR-free ultrasensitive detection systems in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1395-1434. [PMID: 30085333 PMCID: PMC6086621 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In oncology, liquid biopsy is used in the detection of next-generation analytes, such as tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids and exosomes in peripheral blood and other body fluids from cancer patients. It is considered one of the most advanced non-invasive diagnostic systems to enable clinically relevant actions and implement precision medicine. Medical actions include, but are not limited to, early diagnosis, staging, prognosis, anticipation (lead time) and the prediction of therapy responses, as well as follow-up. Historically, the applications of liquid biopsy in cancer have focused on circulating tumor cells (CTCs). More recently, this analysis has been extended to circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) associated with cancer, with potential applications for development into multi-marker diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic signatures. Liquid biopsies avoid some key limitations of conventional tumor tissue biopsies, including invasive tumor sampling, under-representation of tumor heterogeneity and poor description of clonal evolution during metastatic dissemination, strongly reducing the need for multiple sampling. On the other hand, this approach suffers from important drawbacks, i.e., the fragmentation of cfDNA, the instability of RNA, the low concentrations of certain analytes in body fluids and the confounding presence of normal, as well as aberrant DNAs and RNAs. For these reasons, the analysis of cfDNA has been mostly focused on mutations arising in, and pathognomonicity of, tumor DNA, while the analysis of cfRNA has been mostly focused on miRNA patterns strongly associated with neoplastic transformation/progression. This review lists some major applicative areas, briefly addresses how technology is bypassing liquid biopsy limitations, and places a particular emphasis on novel, PCR-free platforms. The ongoing collaborative efforts of major international consortia are reviewed. In addition to basic and applied research, we will consider technological transfer, including patents, patent applications and available information on clinical trials aimed at verifying the potential of liquid biopsy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Allegretti
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Spoto
- Department of Chemistry, Catania University, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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27
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Bilegsaikhan E, Liu HN, Shen XZ, Liu TT. Circulating miR-338-5p is a potential diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. J Dig Dis 2018; 19:404-410. [PMID: 29952077 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The expression of miR-338-5p has been reported to be upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Clinicopathological features indicate that miR-338-5p overexpression correlates with the metastatic status of CRC. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum miR-338-5p for CRC. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 210 participants, including 80 patients with CRC, 50 with colorectal polyps and 80 healthy controls. Serum miR-338-5p was quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to estimate the diagnostic value of miR-338-5p, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the combination of these two biomarkers. RESULTS Serum miR-338-5p levels (fold change) in patients with CRC and colorectal polyps, and controls were 4.94 ± 1.13, 4.12 ± 0.75 and 3.07 ± 0.75, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the groups (P < 0.001). The AUROC of miR-338-5p was 0.923 (95% CI 0.882-0.964) and 0.845 (95% CI 0.792-0.898), respectively, for distinguishing CRC from healthy controls or from those without CRC. The AUROC of the combination of miR-338-5p and CEA was 0.932 (95% CI 0.882-0.964), with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 88.8% at a cut-off value of 8.16. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-338-5p may serve as a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for detecting CRC. The combination of miR-338-5p and CEA exhibits the highest diagnostic value in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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de Ronde MWJ, Ruijter JM, Moerland PD, Creemers EE, Pinto-Sietsma SJ. Study Design and qPCR Data Analysis Guidelines for Reliable Circulating miRNA Biomarker Experiments: A Review. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1308-1318. [PMID: 29903876 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.285288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, the search for circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers has yielded numerous associations between miRNAs and different types of disease. However, many of these relations could not be replicated in subsequent studies under similar experimental conditions. Although this lack of replicability may be explained by the variation in experimental design and analysis methods, guidelines on the most appropriate design and analysis methods to study circulating miRNAs are scarce. CONTENT miRNA biomarker experiments generally consist of a discovery phase and a validation phase. In the discovery phase, typically hundreds of miRNAs are measured in parallel to identify candidate biomarkers. Because of the costs of such high-throughput experiments, the number of individuals included in those studies is often too small, which can easily lead to false positives and false negatives. In the validation phase, a small number of identified biomarker candidates are measured in a large cohort of cases and controls, generally by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although qPCR is a sensitive method to measure miRNAs in the circulation, experimental design and qPCR data analysis remain challenging. Omitting some crucial steps in the design and analysis of the qPCR experiment or performing them incorrectly can cause serious biases, ultimately leading to false conclusions. SUMMARY In this review, we aim to expose and discuss the most common sources of interstudy variation in miRNA research from a methodological point of view and to provide guidelines on how to perform these steps correctly to increase replicability of studies on circulating miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice W J de Ronde
- Departments of Vascular Medicine.,Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
| | | | | | - Esther E Creemers
- Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Cooks T, Pateras IS, Jenkins LM, Patel KM, Robles AI, Morris J, Forshew T, Appella E, Gorgoulis VG, Harris CC. Mutant p53 cancers reprogram macrophages to tumor supporting macrophages via exosomal miR-1246. Nat Commun 2018; 9:771. [PMID: 29472616 PMCID: PMC5823939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers. Specific mutp53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (GOFs) distinct from the tumor suppressor activity of the wild-type protein. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a hallmark of solid tumors, are typically correlated with poor prognosis. Here, we report a non-cell-autonomous mechanism, whereby human mutp53 cancer cells reprogram macrophages to a tumor supportive and anti-inflammatory state. The colon cancer cells harboring GOF mutp53 selectively shed miR-1246-enriched exosomes. Uptake of these exosomes by neighboring macrophages triggers their miR-1246-dependent reprogramming into a cancer-promoting state. Mutp53-reprogammed TAMs favor anti-inflammatory immunosuppression with increased activity of TGF-β. These findings, associated with poor survival in colon cancer patients, strongly support a microenvironmental GOF role for mutp53 in actively engaging the immune system to promote cancer progression and metastasis. p53 gain of function mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers. Here, the authors show that mutp53 regulates the tumor microenvironment by inducing the release of specific exosomes containing miR-1246 that once received by macrophages turns them into tumor supportive macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Cooks
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, GR-11527, Greece
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Keval M Patel
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - James Morris
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Robinsons Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim Forshew
- UCL Cancer Institute, Huntley St, Camden Town, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, GR-11527, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health, Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4QL, UK
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA.
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30
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Kok MGM, de Ronde MWJ, Moerland PD, Ruijter JM, Creemers EE, Pinto-Sietsma SJ. Small sample sizes in high-throughput miRNA screens: A common pitfall for the identification of miRNA biomarkers. BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION 2017; 15:1-5. [PMID: 29276692 PMCID: PMC5737945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bdq.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating miRNAs have been proposed as biomarkers for disease. Consequently, many groups have tried to identify circulating miRNA biomarkers for various types of diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the replicability of these experiments has been disappointingly low. In order to identify circulating miRNA candidate biomarkers, in general, first an unbiased high-throughput screen is performed in which a large number of miRNAs is detected and quantified in the circulation. Because these are costly experiments, many of such studies have been performed using a low number of study subjects (small sample size). Due to lack of power in small sample size experiments, true effects are often missed and many of the detected effects are wrong. Therefore, it is important to have a good estimate of the appropriate sample size for a miRNA high-throughput screen. In this review, we discuss the effects of small sample sizes in high-throughput screens for circulating miRNAs. Using data from a miRNA high-throughput experiment on isolated monocytes, we illustrate that the implementation of power calculations in a high-throughput miRNA discovery experiment will avoid unnecessarily large and expensive experiments, while still having enough power to be able to detect clinically important differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G M Kok
- Departments of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M W J de Ronde
- Departments of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P D Moerland
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Ruijter
- Departments of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E E Creemers
- Departments of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J Pinto-Sietsma
- Departments of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Yang F, Ning Z, Ma L, Liu W, Shao C, Shu Y, Shen H. Exosomal miRNAs and miRNA dysregulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:148. [PMID: 28851377 PMCID: PMC5576273 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present review aimed to assess the role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), normal fibroblasts (NFs), and cancer cells. The roles of exosomal miRNAs and miRNA dysregulation in CAF formation and activation were summarized. Methods All relevant publications were retrieved from the PubMed database, with key words such as CAFs, CAF, stromal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, miRNA, exosomal, exosome, and similar terms. Results Recent studies have revealed that CAFs, NFs, and cancer cells can secrete exosomal miRNAs to affect each other. Dysregulation of miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs influence the formation and activation of CAFs. Furthermore, miRNA dysregulation in CAFs is considered to be associated with a secretory phenotype change, tumor invasion, tumor migration and metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Conclusions Finding of exosomal miRNA secretion provides novel insights into communication among CAFs, NFs, and cancer cells. MicroRNA dysregulation is also involved in the whole processes of CAF formation and function. Dysregulation of miRNAs in CAFs can affect the secretory phenotype of the latter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ning
- Department of Oncology, The first People's Hospital of Wujiang district, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Shao
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Pang H, Yue X. MiR-205 serves as a prognostic factor and suppresses proliferation and invasion by targeting insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 in human cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651495 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a kind of small and non-coding RNAs, which have been demonstrated to play an important role in the progression of human cervical cancer. Here, we found that the expression of miR-205 was low in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues, compared with matched non-tumor tissues and human endocervical epithelial cells. Also, miR-205 was inversely correlated with histological differentiation, metastasis, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and the expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 messenger RNA and protein. Besides, miR-205 or insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 expression is an independent prognostic factor. Mechanically, ectopic expression of miR-205 decreased proliferation, colony formation, and some proliferation/apoptosis-related proteins in cervical cancer cells. Ectopic expression of miR-205 caused G1 arrest. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that binding of miR-205 to the 3' untranslated region of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 may potentially decrease the expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. Notably, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-205 on cell proliferation and invasion, while small interfering RNA-insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 enhanced the inhibitory effects of miR-205 on cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-205 serves as a prognostic factor and suppresses proliferation and invasion by targeting insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 in human cervical cancer. Thus, miR-205/insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 pathway may be of great benefit to cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pang
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuying Yue
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Vargas A, Roux-Dalvai F, Droit A, Lavoie JP. Neutrophil-Derived Exosomes: A New Mechanism Contributing to Airway Smooth Muscle Remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:450-61. [PMID: 27105177 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0033oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils infiltrate the airways of patients with asthma of all severities, yet their role in the pathogenesis of asthma and their contribution to airway remodeling is largely unknown. We hypothesized that neutrophils modulate airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation in asthma by releasing bioactive exosomes. These newly discovered nano-sized vesicles have the capacity to modulate immune responses, cell migration, cell differentiation, and other aspects of cell-to-cell communication. The aim of the study is to determine whether bioactive exosomes are released by neutrophils, and, if so, characterize their proteomic profile and evaluate their capacity to modulate ASM cell proliferation. Exosomes were isolated from equine neutrophil supernatants by differential centrifugation and filtration methods, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. Nanovesicles were characterized using electron microscopy, particle size determination, and proteomic analyses. Exosomes were cocultured with ASM cells and analyzed for exosome internalization by confocal microscopy. ASM proliferation was measured using an impedance-based system. Neutrophils release exosomes that have characteristic size, morphology, and exosomal markers. We identified 271 proteins in exosomes from both LPS and unstimulated neutrophils, and 16 proteins that were differentially expressed, which carried proteins associated with immune response and positive regulation of cell communication. Furthermore, neutrophil-derived exosomes were rapidly internalized by ASM cells and altered their proliferative properties. Upon stimulation of LPS, neutrophil-derived exosomes can enhance the proliferation of ASM cells and could therefore play an important role in the progression of asthma and promoting airway remodeling in severe and corticosteroid-insensitive patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Vargas
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Florence Roux-Dalvai
- 2 Proteomics Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- 2 Proteomics Platform, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; and
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Ma P, Pan Y, Li W, Sun C, Liu J, Xu T, Shu Y. Extracellular vesicles-mediated noncoding RNAs transfer in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:57. [PMID: 28231804 PMCID: PMC5324273 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous vesicles secreted from numerous cell types and have been found involved in cell-to-cell communication by transferring noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Emerging evidence shows that EV-associated ncRNAs play important roles in a wide range of diseases, particularly in cancer where they function through regulating protein expression of the pivotal genes that make contributions to tumorigenesis. Given their stability and abundance in serum, EV-associated ncRNAs can act as new diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for cancer. Herein, we review the properties of EV-associated ncRNAs, their functions, and potential significance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Kim KM, Abdelmohsen K, Mustapic M, Kapogiannis D, Gorospe M. RNA in extracellular vesicles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 8. [PMID: 28130830 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells release a range of membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. Among them, exosomes and microvesicles (collectively measuring 40-1000 nm in diameter) carry proteins, signaling lipids, and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, and thus have been proposed to serve as intercellular mediators of communication. EVs transport cellular materials in many physiologic processes, including differentiation, stem cell homeostasis, immune responses, and neuronal signaling. EVs are also increasingly recognized as having a direct role in pathologies such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, EVs have been the focus of intense investigation as biomarkers of disease, prognostic indicators, and even therapeutic tools. Here, we review the classes of RNAs present in EVs, both coding RNAs (messenger RNAs) and noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs). The rising attention to EV-resident RNAs as biomarkers stems from the fact that RNAs can be detected at extremely low quantities using a number of methods. To illustrate the interest in EV biology, we discuss EV RNAs in cancer and neurodegeneration, two major age-associated disease processes. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1413. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1413 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sánchez CA, Andahur EI, Valenzuela R, Castellón EA, Fullá JA, Ramos CG, Triviño JC. Exosomes from bulk and stem cells from human prostate cancer have a differential microRNA content that contributes cooperatively over local and pre-metastatic niche. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3993-4008. [PMID: 26675257 PMCID: PMC4826185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The different prostate cancer (PCa) cell populations (bulk and cancer stem cells, CSCs) release exosomes that contain miRNAs that could modify the local or premetastatic niche. The analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs in exosomes allows evaluating the differential biological effect of both populations on the niche, and the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Five PCa primary cell cultures were established to originate bulk and CSCs cultures. From them, exosomes were purified by precipitation for miRNAs extraction to perform a comparative profile of miRNAs by next generation sequencing in an Illumina platform. 1839 miRNAs were identified in the exosomes. Of these 990 were known miRNAs, from which only 19 were significantly differentially expressed: 6 were overexpressed in CSCs and 13 in bulk cells exosomes. miR-100-5p and miR-21-5p were the most abundant miRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that differentially expressed miRNAs are highly related with PCa carcinogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and migration, and angiogenesis. Besides, miRNAs from bulk cells affects osteoblast differentiation. Later, their effect was evaluated in normal prostate fibroblasts (WPMY-1) where transfection with miR-100-5p, miR-21-5p and miR-139-5p increased the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9 and -13 and RANKL and fibroblast migration. The higher effect was achieved with miR21 transfection. As conclusion, miRNAs have a differential pattern between PCa bulk and CSCs exosomes that act collaboratively in PCa progression and metastasis. The most abundant miRNAs in PCa exosomes are interesting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana I Andahur
- Urology Department, Las Condes Clinic, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Juan A Fullá
- Urology Department, Las Condes Clinic, Santiago, Chile
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Matsuda A, Yan IK, Foye C, Parasramka M, Patel T. MicroRNAs as paracrine signaling mediators in cancers and metabolic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 30:577-590. [PMID: 27923452 PMCID: PMC5147504 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of microRNAs to the regulation of mRNA expression during physiological and developmental processes are well-recognized. These roles are being expanded by recent observations that emphasize the capability of miRNA to participate in inter-cellular signaling and communication. Several factors support a functional role for miRNA as mediators of cell-to-cell signaling. miRNA are able to exist within the extracellular milieu or circulation, and their stability and integrity maintained through association with binding proteins or lipoproteins, or through encapsulation within cell-derived membrane vesicles. Furthermore, miRNA can retain functionality and regulate target gene expression following their uptake by recipient cells. In this overview, we review specific examples that will highlight the potential of miRNA to serve as paracrine signaling mediators in metabolic diseases and cancers. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in inter-cellular communication involving miRNA will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsuda
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Irene K Yan
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Catherine Foye
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mansi Parasramka
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Makiguchi T, Yamada M, Yoshioka Y, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Chiba S, Fujino N, Tojo Y, Ota C, Kubo H, Kobayashi S, Yanai M, Shimura S, Ochiya T, Ichinose M. Serum extracellular vesicular miR-21-5p is a predictor of the prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2016; 17:110. [PMID: 27596748 PMCID: PMC5011900 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a poor prognosis. Although the median survival is 3 years, the clinical course varies to a large extent among IPF patients. To date, there has been no definitive prognostic marker. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to hold nucleic acid, including microRNAs, and to regulate gene expression in the recipient cells. Moreover, EVs have been shown to express distinct surface proteins or enveloped microRNAs depending on the parent cell or pathological condition. We aimed to identify serum EV microRNAs that would be prognostic for IPF. Methods To determine target microRNAs in IPF, we measured serum EV microRNA expression profiles using microRNA PCR arrays in a bleomycin mouse model and validated the microRNAs in additional mice using RT-PCR. Secondly, we enrolled 41 IPF patients and conducted a 30-month prospective cohort study. Expression of serum EV miR-21-5p was normalized by dividing by the EV amount. The relative amount of EVs was measured using the ExoScreen method. We calculated the correlations between baseline serum EV miR-21-5p expression and other clinical variables. Furthermore, we determined if serum EV miR-21-5p can predict mortality during 30 months using the Cox hazard model. According to the median level, we divided the IPF patients into two groups. Then we compared the survival rate during 30 months between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Serum EV miR-21-5p was elevated in both the acute inflammatory phase (day 7) and the chronic fibrotic phase (day 28) in the mouse model. In the clinical setting, serum EV miR-21-5p was significantly higher in IPF patients than in healthy control subjects. The baseline serum EV miR-21-5p was correlated with the rate of decline in vital capacity over 6 months. Furthermore, serum EV miR-21-5p was independently associated with mortality during the following 30 months, even after adjustment for other variables. In the survival analysis, IPF patients whose baseline serum EV miR-21-5p was high had a significantly poorer prognosis over 30 months. Conclusions Our results suggest that serum EV miR-21-5p has potential as a prognostic biomarker for IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0427-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Makiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigeki Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita-aza, Ishinomaki, 986-8522, Japan
| | - Masaru Yanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita-aza, Ishinomaki, 986-8522, Japan
| | - Sanae Shimura
- Hikarigaoka Spellman Hospital, 6-7-1 Higashisendai, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-0833, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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MicroRNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081317. [PMID: 27529224 PMCID: PMC5000714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection of tooth-supporting structures, which results in the destruction of alveolar bone. Osteoclasts play a central role in bone destruction. Osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated giant cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, we and other researchers revealed that microRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation. MicroRNAs are novel, single-stranded, non-coding, small (20–22 nucleotides) RNAs that act in a sequence-specific manner to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through cleavage or translational repression of their target mRNAs. They regulate various biological activities such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, cancer development, and inflammatory responses. In this review, the roles of microRNAs in osteoclast differentiation and function during alveolar bone destruction in periodontal disease are described.
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40
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Pasquier C, Gardès J. Prediction of miRNA-disease associations with a vector space model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27036. [PMID: 27246786 PMCID: PMC4887905 DOI: 10.1038/srep27036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play critical roles in many physiological processes. Their dysregulations are also closely related to the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, identifying new microRNAs that are associated with diseases contributes to a better understanding of pathogenicity mechanisms. MicroRNAs also represent a tremendous opportunity in biotechnology for early diagnosis. To date, several in silico methods have been developed to address the issue of microRNA-disease association prediction. However, these methods have various limitations. In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that information attached to miRNAs and diseases can be revealed by distributional semantics. Our basic approach is to represent distributional information on miRNAs and diseases in a high-dimensional vector space and to define associations between miRNAs and diseases in terms of their vector similarity. Cross validations performed on a dataset of known miRNA-disease associations demonstrate the excellent performance of our method. Moreover, the case study focused on breast cancer confirms the ability of our method to discover new disease-miRNA associations and to identify putative false associations reported in databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Pasquier
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, I3S, UMR 7271, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, I3S, UMR 7271, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Julien Gardès
- BIOMANDA, 2720 Chemin St Bernard, Les Moulins I Batiment 4, 06220, Vallauris, France.
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Walker ND, Patel J, Munoz JL, Hu M, Guiro K, Sinha G, Rameshwar P. The bone marrow niche in support of breast cancer dormancy. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:263-71. [PMID: 26546045 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success in detecting breast cancer (BC) early and, with aggressive therapeutic intervention, BC remains a clinical problem. The bone marrow (BM) is a favorable metastatic site for breast cancer cells (BCCs). In BM, the survival of BCCs is partly achieved by the supporting microenvironment, including the presence of immune suppressive cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The heterogeneity of BCCs brings up the question of how each subset interacts with the BM microenvironment. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) survive in the BM as cycling quiescence cells and, forming gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with the hematopoietic supporting stromal cells and MSCs. This type of communication has been identified close to the endosteum. Additionally, dormancy can occur by soluble mediators such as cytokines and also by the exchange of exosomes. These latter mechanisms are reviewed in the context of metastasis of BC to the BM for transition as dormant cells. The article also discusses how immune cells such as macrophages and regulatory T-cells facilitate BC dormancy. The challenges of studying BC dormancy in 2-dimensional (2-D) system are also incorporated by proposing 3-D system by engineering methods to recapitulate the BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykia D Walker
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jimmy Patel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jessian L Munoz
- Ob/Gyn and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Madeleine Hu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Khadidiatou Guiro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Zhou X, Ji G, Chen H, Jin W, Yin C, Zhang G. Clinical role of circulating miR-223 as a novel biomarker in early diagnosis of cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16890-16898. [PMID: 26629240 PMCID: PMC4659128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic procedures of cancers are invasive and non-specific. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become promising molecular markers for gastric cancer (GC) predication. However, there have been inconsistencies in the literature regarding the suitability of circulating miRNAs for early detection of cancers. METHODS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to integrate an evaluation index for diagnostic accuracy of miR-223 in diagnosing cancer patients. Furthermore, we conducted an independent validation set of 50 gastric cancer patients and 50 healthy controls comparing miR-223 expression. We also analyzed miR-223 expression in vitro. RESULTS A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and therefore included in this meta-analysis. We found that miR-223 yielded a pooled area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 (sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 84%) in discriminating cancer from controls. In our validation test, plasma miR-223 levels in GC patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC was 0.812 with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 80%. Moreover, the expression trend of miR-223 in plasma samples was in accordance with that of tissue and cell samples. CONCLUSION Current evidences suggested that plasma miR-223 could be a reliable and non-invasive biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate their potential applicability in human cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoping Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Wujuan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Chengqiang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
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Kagiya T. MicroRNAs and Osteolytic Bone Metastasis: The Roles of MicroRNAs in Tumor-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1741-52. [PMID: 26343739 PMCID: PMC4600156 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone metastasis frequently occurs in the later stages of breast, lung, and several other cancers. Osteoclasts, the only cells that resorb bone, are hijacked by tumor cells, which break down bone remodeling systems. As a result, osteolysis occurs and may cause patients to suffer bone fractures, pain, and hypercalcemia. It is important to understand the mechanism of bone metastasis to establish new cancer therapies. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs have significant clinical potential, including their use as new therapeutic targets and disease-specific biomarkers. Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs are involved in osteoclast differentiation and osteolytic bone metastasis. In this review focusing on microRNAs, the author discusses the roles of microRNAs in osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Kagiya
- Division of Functional Morphology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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Coenen-Stass AML, Mäger I, Wood MJA. Extracellular microRNAs in Membrane Vesicles and Non-vesicular Carriers. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2015; 106:31-53. [PMID: 26608198 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0955-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Great excitement has surrounded the finding that small RNAs are stable in various biofluids and carry specific signatures reflecting physiological and pathological states. In this chapter, we briefly describe the impact of this revolutionary discovery and introduce different subclasses of circulating microRNAs based on their mode of transport. Subsequently, we review the current state-of-the art knowledge on microRNA selection for export, secretion and possible uptake mechanisms and their potential function in circulation. Furthermore, we give an overview on the possible use of cell-free microRNAs as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Overall, we aim to highlight open questions and address some of the pitfalls of current extracellular RNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M L Coenen-Stass
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mathew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
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