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Shvachko N, Solovyeva M, Rozanova I, Kibkalo I, Kolesova M, Brykova A, Andreeva A, Zuev E, Börner A, Khlestkina E. Mining of QTLs for Spring Bread Wheat Spike Productivity by Comparing Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades of the Last Century. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1081. [PMID: 38674490 PMCID: PMC11055096 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are among the genetic tools for the mining of genomic loci associated with useful agronomic traits. The study enabled us to find new genetic markers associated with grain yield as well as quality. The sample under study consisted of spring wheat cultivars developed in different decades of the last century. A panel of 186 accessions was evaluated at VIR's experiment station in Pushkin across a 3-year period of field trials. In total, 24 SNPs associated with six productivity characteristics were revealed. Along with detecting significant markers for each year of the field study, meta-analyses were conducted. Loci associated with useful yield-related agronomic characteristics were detected on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 6A, 6B, and 7B. In addition to previously described regions, novel loci associated with grain yield and quality were identified during the study. We presume that the utilization of contrast cultivars which originated in different breeding periods allowed us to identify new markers associated with useful agronomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shvachko
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Maria Solovyeva
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Irina Rozanova
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Ilya Kibkalo
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Maria Kolesova
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Alla Brykova
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Andreeva
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Evgeny Zuev
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Federal Research Center, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.S.); (I.R.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.A.); (E.Z.); (E.K.)
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2
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Luo G, Najafi J, Correia PMP, Trinh MDL, Chapman EA, Østerberg JT, Thomsen HC, Pedas PR, Larson S, Gao C, Poland J, Knudsen S, DeHaan L, Palmgren M. Accelerated Domestication of New Crops: Yield is Key. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1624-1640. [PMID: 35583202 PMCID: PMC9680862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture in the future will depend on crops that are tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, require minimal input of water and nutrients and can be cultivated with a minimal carbon footprint. Wild plants that fulfill these requirements abound in nature but are typically low yielding. Thus, replacing current high-yielding crops with less productive but resilient species will require the intractable trade-off of increasing land area under cultivation to produce the same yield. Cultivating more land reduces natural resources, reduces biodiversity and increases our carbon footprint. Sustainable intensification can be achieved by increasing the yield of underutilized or wild plant species that are already resilient, but achieving this goal by conventional breeding programs may be a long-term prospect. De novo domestication of orphan or crop wild relatives using mutagenesis is an alternative and fast approach to achieve resilient crops with high yields. With new precise molecular techniques, it should be possible to reach economically sustainable yields in a much shorter period of time than ever before in the history of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, Copenhagen V DK-1799, Denmark
| | - Steve Larson
- US Department of Agriculture (USDA), USDA–ARS Forage & Range Research Lab, Utah State University Logan, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Caixia Gao
- Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jesse Poland
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 4, Copenhagen V DK-1799, Denmark
| | - Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA
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Khoury CK, Brush S, Costich DE, Curry HA, de Haan S, Engels JMM, Guarino L, Hoban S, Mercer KL, Miller AJ, Nabhan GP, Perales HR, Richards C, Riggins C, Thormann I. Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity. New Phytol 2022; 233:84-118. [PMID: 34515358 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Khoury
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, 763537, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA
- San Diego Botanic Garden, 230 Quail Gardens Dr., Encinitas, CA, 92024, USA
| | - Stephen Brush
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Denise E Costich
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237, Texcoco, México
| | - Helen Anne Curry
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, UK
| | - Stef de Haan
- International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apartado Postal 1558, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Luigi Guarino
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sean Hoban
- The Morton Arboretum, The Center for Tree Science, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Gary P Nabhan
- Southwest Center and Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, 1401 E. First St., PO Box 210185, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0185, USA
| | - Hugo R Perales
- Departamento de Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal, Chiapas, 29290, México
| | - Chris Richards
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Chance Riggins
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 331 Edward R. Madigan Lab, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Imke Thormann
- Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179, Bonn, Germany
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Olodo KF, Barnaud A, Kane NA, Mariac C, Faye A, Couderc M, Zekraouï L, Dequincey A, Diouf D, Vigouroux Y, Berthouly-Salazar C. Abandonment of pearl millet cropping and homogenization of its diversity over a 40 year period in Senegal. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239123. [PMID: 32925982 PMCID: PMC7489563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated diversity is considered an insurance against major climatic variability. However, since the 1980s, several studies have shown that climate variability and agricultural changes may already have locally eroded crop genetic diversity. We studied pearl millet diversity in Senegal through a comparison of pearl millet landraces collected 40 years apart. We found that more than 20% of villages visited in 1976 had stopped growing pearl millet. Despite this, its overall genetic diversity has been maintained but differentiation between early- and late-flowering accessions has been reduced. We also found stronger crop-to-wild gene flow than wild-to-crop gene flow and that wild-to-crop gene flow was weaker in 2016 than in 1976. In conclusion, our results highlight genetic homogenization in Senegal. This homogenization within cultivated pearl millet and between wild and cultivated forms is a key factor in genetic erosion and it is often overlooked. Improved assessment and conservation strategies are needed to promote and conserve both wild and cultivated pearl millet diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina F. Olodo
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Thiès, Senegal
- Laboratoire National de Recherche sur les Productions Végétales (LNRPV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail: (KFO); (CBS)
| | - Adeline Barnaud
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Thiès, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndjido A. Kane
- Laboratoire National de Recherche sur les Productions Végétales (LNRPV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cédric Mariac
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Adama Faye
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire National de Recherche sur les Productions Végétales (LNRPV), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marie Couderc
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Leïla Zekraouï
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaïs Dequincey
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Diégane Diouf
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), Dakar, Senegal
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Environnement, Biodiversité et Développement Durable, Université du Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN), Kaolack, Senegal
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Berthouly-Salazar
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Thiès, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LMI LAPSE), Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail: (KFO); (CBS)
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Guarino F, Castiglione S, Improta G, Triassi M, Cicatelli A. Ecotype-Level Genetic Biodiversity of Five Italian Traditional Crops. Scientifica (Cairo) 2019; 2019:4652769. [PMID: 31355045 PMCID: PMC6636500 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4652769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Italy displays a high level of agrobiodiversity due to its diversified pedoclimatic zones. The Administrative Region of Campania includes several and divergent biomes, occurring close to each other. In fact, the distance between a sea level environment and that of high mountains can be less than 20 km. These environmental conditions allow the cultivation of many different crops and vegetables, represented by diverse ecotypes and varieties that are well adapted to the distribution range where they have been selected and grown. Efforts to maintain and further increase biodiversity in farming systems require a better understanding of the existing diversity created by traditional farming practices. The aim of our study was to identify and molecularly characterize several ecotypes belonging to five horticultural species commonly cultivated in Campania. In particular, we analysed five ecotypes of maize, two of garlic, four of onion, one of escarole, and two of courgette by means of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in order to evaluate their level of genetic biodiversity. The results reveal, for the first time, the high genetic biodiversity of horticultural ecotypes of the Campania Region. This feature is very important to improve the quality and productivity of agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Improta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80125 Napoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80125 Napoli (NA), Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Abstract
The rapid adoption of transgenic crops in the United States, Argentina, and Canada stands in strong contrast to the situation in the European Union (EU), where a de facto moratorium has been in place since 1998. This article reviews recent scientific literature relevant to the problematic introduction of transgenic crops in the EU to assess if there are specific reasons why transgenic crops have a potentially greater adverse impact on sustainable agriculture in the EU context than elsewhere. Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental health, economic profitability, and socioeconomic equity. Transgenic crops do not appear a suitable tool for sustainable agriculture in the EU due to specific environmental, economic, and socioeconomic reasons. Therefore, a moratorium on transgenic crops based on the precautionary principle should be officially adopted until proper risk assessment. In addition, agroecological alternatives to transgenic crops fit better the EU vision of agriculture.
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Lyalina EV, Boldyrev SV, Pomortsev AA. Current state of the genetic polymorphism in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Russia assessed by the alleles of hordein-coding loci. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ramshini H, Mirzazadeh T, Moghaddam ME, Amiri R. Comparison of old and new wheat cultivars in Iran by measuring germination related traits, osmotic tolerance and ISSR diversity. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2016; 22:391-398. [PMID: 27729725 PMCID: PMC5039160 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A primary concern of modern plant breeding is that genetic diversity has decreased during the past century. This study set out to explore changes in genetic variation during 84 years of breeding by investigating the germination-related traits, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting and osmotic stress tolerance of 30 Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Seeds were planted under control and osmotic stress (-2, -4 and -6 bar) in three replications. The ISSR experiment was carried out using 32 different primers. Genotypes were divided into two groups (old and new) each containing 15 members. The results of ANOVA showed that highly significant differences existed among genotypes and among growth conditions. The results showed that during breeding in some traits such as coleoptile length and seedling vigor index, a significant decrease has been occurred. New cultivars had a mean coleoptile length of 33 mm, shorter than that of old cultivars (42 mm) under osmotic stress of -6 bar. Genetic variance of root length, shoot length and seedling vigor index for old cultivars were 1.59, 1.93 and 45,763, respectively, significantly higher than those for new cultivars (0.55, 1.08 and 27,996, respectively). This difference was also verified by ISSR results as the polymorphism information content was 0.28 in old cultivars, higher than that of new cultivars (0.26). These results prove this claim that during breeding, genetic diversity has decreased for many germination-related traits and breeders are better to pay more attention to genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ramshini
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Mirzazadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Dossa K, Wei X, Zhang Y, Fonceka D, Yang W, Diouf D, Liao B, Cissé N, Zhang X. Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Sesame Accessions from Africa and Asia as Major Centers of Its Cultivation. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7040014. [PMID: 27077887 PMCID: PMC4846844 DOI: 10.3390/genes7040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oil crop widely cultivated in Africa and Asia. Understanding the genetic diversity of accessions from these continents is critical to designing breeding methods and for additional collection of sesame germplasm. To determine the genetic diversity in relation to geographical regions, 96 sesame accessions collected from 22 countries distributed over six geographic regions in Africa and Asia were genotyped using 33 polymorphic SSR markers. Large genetic variability was found within the germplasm collection. The total number of alleles was 137, averaging 4.15 alleles per locus. The accessions from Asia displayed more diversity than those from Africa. Accessions from Southern Asia (SAs), Eastern Asia (EAs), and Western Africa (WAf) were highly diversified, while those from Western Asia (WAs), Northern Africa (NAf), and Southeastern Africa (SAf) had the lowest diversity. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that more than 44% of the genetic variance was due to diversity among geographic regions. Five subpopulations, including three in Asia and two in Africa, were cross-identified through phylogenetic, PCA, and STRUCTURE analyses. Most accessions clustered in the same population based on their geographical origins. Our results provide technical guidance for efficient management of sesame genetic resources in breeding programs and further collection of sesame germplasm from these different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès 21000, Senegal.
| | - Xin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Daniel Fonceka
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès 21000, Senegal.
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Diaga Diouf
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Dakar 107000, Senegal.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ndiaga Cissé
- Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), BP 3320 Route de Khombole, Thiès 21000, Senegal.
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, 430062 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Penet L, Cornet D, Blazy JM, Alleyne A, Barthe E, Bussière F, Guyader S, Pavis C, Pétro D. Varietal Dynamics and Yam Agro-Diversity Demonstrate Complex Trajectories Intersecting Farmers' Strategies, Networks, and Disease Experience. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1962. [PMID: 28066500 PMCID: PMC5179526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of varietal diversity is a worldwide challenge to crop species at risk for genetic erosion, while the loss of biological resources may hinder future breeding objectives. Loss of varieties has been mostly investigated in traditional agricultural systems where variety numbers are dramatically high, or for most economically important crop species for which comparison between pre-intensive and modern agriculture was possible. Varietal dynamics, i.e., turnover, or gains and losses of varieties by farmers, is nevertheless more rarely studied and while we currently have good estimates of genetic or varietal diversity for most crop species, we have less information as to how on farm agro-diversity changes and what cause its dynamics. We therefore investigated varietal dynamics in the agricultural yam system in the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. We interviewed producers about varieties they cultivated in the past compared to their current varieties, in addition to characterizing yam cropping characteristics and both farm level and producers socio-economic features. We then used regression tree analyses to investigate the components of yam agro-diversity, varietal dynamics and impact of anthracnose on varieties. Our data demonstrated that no dramatic loss of varieties occurred within the last decades. Cultivation changes mostly affected widespread cultivars while frequency of uncommon varieties stayed relatively stable. Varietal dynamics nevertheless followed sub-regional patterns, and socio-economic influences such as producer age or farm crop diversity. Recurrent anthracnose epidemics since the 1970s did not alter varietal dynamics strongly, but sometimes translated into transition from Dioscorea alata to less susceptible species or into a decrease of yam cultivation. Factors affecting changes in agro-diversity were not relating to agronomy in our study, and surprisingly there were different processes delineating short term from long term varietal dynamics, independently of disease risk. Our results highlighted the importance of understanding varietal dynamics, an often overlooked component of agriculture sustainability, in addition to evolutionary forces shaping agro-diversity and genetic diversity distribution within crops. It is also crucial to understand how processes involved do scale up worldwide and for different crop species, so as not to mislead on-farm conservation efforts and efficacy of agro-diversity preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Penet
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes TropicauxGuadeloupe, France
- *Correspondence: Laurent Penet,
| | | | - Jean-Marc Blazy
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes TropicauxGuadeloupe, France
| | - Angela Alleyne
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Cave Hill Campus – University of the West IndiesBridgetown, Barbados
| | - Emilie Barthe
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes TropicauxGuadeloupe, France
| | | | | | - Claudie Pavis
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes TropicauxGuadeloupe, France
| | - Dalila Pétro
- INRA, UR1321, ASTRO Agrosystèmes TropicauxGuadeloupe, France
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Börner A, Khlestkina EK, Chebotar S, Nagel M, Arif MA, Neumann K, Kobiljski B, Lohwasser U, Röder MS. Molecular markers in management of ex situ PGR-a case study. J Biosci 2012; 37:871-7. [PMID: 23107922 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide germplasm collections contain about 7.4 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. One of the 10 largest ex situ genebanks of our globe is located at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben, Germany. Molecular tools have been used for various gene bank management practices including characterization and utilization of the germplasm. The results on genetic integrity of longterm- stored gene bank accessions of wheat (self-pollinating) and rye (open-pollinating) cereal crops revealed a high degree of identity for wheat. In contrast, the out-pollinating accessions of rye exhibited shifts in allele frequencies. The genetic diversity of wheat and barley germplasm collected at intervals of 40 to 50 years in comparable geographical regions showed qualitative rather than a quantitative change in diversity. The inter- and intraspecific variation of seed longevity was analysed and differences were detected. Genetic studies in barley, wheat and oilseed rape revealed numerous QTL, indicating the complex and quantitative nature of seed longevity. Some of the loci identified were in genomic regions that co-localize with genes determining agronomic traits such as spike architecture or biotic and abiotic stress response. Finally, a genome-wide association mapping analysis of a core collection of wheat for flowering time was performed using diversity array technology (DArT) markers. Maker trait associations were detected in genomic regions where major genes or QTL have been described earlier. In addition, new loci were also detected, providing opportunities to monitor genetic variation for crop improvement.
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LIU CG, ZHANG GQ. Genetic Diversity Revealed by SSR Markers and Temporal Trends of Major Commercial Inbred Indica Rice Cultivars in South China in 1949–2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-2780(09)60082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leino MW, Hagenblad J. Nineteenth Century Seeds Reveal the Population Genetics of Landrace Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Mol Biol Evol 2009; 27:964-73. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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ZHAO YG, Ofori A, LU CM. Genetic Diversity of European and Chinese Oilseed Brassica rapa Cultivars from Different Breeding Periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ofori A, Becker HC, Kopisch-Obuch FJ. Effect of crop improvement on genetic diversity in oilseed Brassica rapa (turnip-rape) cultivars, detected by SSR markers. J Appl Genet 2008; 49:207-12. [PMID: 18670055 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the improvement of seed quality, Brassica rapa oilseed germplasm went through 2 major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid content and low glucosinolate content, respectively. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity in European winter B. rapa by comparing 3 open-pollinated cultivars, each representing a different breeding period. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. There was no significant loss of genetic diversity over the 3 cultivars as indicated by allele number (ranging from 59 to 55), mean allele number (from 3.68 to 3.50), Shannon information index (from 0.94 to 0.87) and expected heterozygosity (from 0.53 to 0.48). About 83% of the total variation was attributed to within-cultivar variation, and the remaining 17% to between-cultivar variation by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Individual plants were separated into the 3 cultivars by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). In conclusion, genetic diversity within cultivars was high and quality breeding in B. rapa did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of B. rapa winter cultivars, so there is no risk of decline in performance due to quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ofori
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Shi W, Yang CF, Chen JM, Guo YH. Genetic variation among wild and cultivated populations of the Chinese medicinal plant Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2008; 10:485-491. [PMID: 18557908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To examine if the cultivation process has reduced the genetic variation of modern cultivars of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Coptis chinensis, the levels and distribution of genetic variation was investigated using ISSR markers. A total of 214 C. chinensis individuals from seven wild and three cultivated populations were included in the study. Seven ISSR primers were used and a total of 91 DNA fragments were scored. The levels of genetic diversity in cultivated populations were similar as those in wild populations (mean PPL = 65.2% versus PPL = 52.4%, mean H = 0.159 versus H = 0.153 and mean I = 0.255 versus I = 0.237), suggesting that cultivation did not seriously influence genetic variation of present-day cultivated populations. Neighbour-joining cluster analysis showed that wild populations and cultivated populations were not separated into two groups. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between a cultivar and its wild progenitor was 0.066 (G(st)), which was in good accordance with the result by amova analysis (10.9% of total genetic variation resided on the two groups), indicating that cultivated populations were not genetically differentiated from wild progenitors. For the seven wild populations, a significant genetic differentiation among populations was found using amova analysis (45.9% of total genetic variation resided among populations). A number of causes, including genetic drift and inbreeding in the small and isolated wild populations, the relative limited gene flow between wild populations (N(m) = 0.590), and high gene flow between cultivars and their wild progenitors (N(m) = 7.116), might have led to the observed genetic profiles of C. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shi
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Peng JH, Bai Y, Haley SD, Lapitan NL. Microsatellite-based molecular diversity of bread wheat germplasm and association mapping of wheat resistance to the Russian wheat aphid. Genetica 2009; 135:95-122. [PMID: 18392559 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity of a set of 71 wheat accessions, including 53 biotype 2 Russian wheat aphid (RWA2)-resistant landraces and 18 RWA2 susceptible accessions, was assessed by examining molecular variation at multiple microsatellite (SSR) loci. Fifty-one wheat SSR primer pairs were used, 81 SSR loci were determined, and 545 SSR alleles were detected. These SSR loci covered all the three genomes, 21 chromosomes, and at least 41 of the 42 chromosome arms. Diversity values averaged over SSR loci were high with mean number of SSR alleles/locus = 6.7, mean Shannon's index (H) = 1.291, and mean Nei's gene diversity (He) = 0.609. The three wheat genomes ranked as A > D > B and the homoeologous groups ranked as 7 > 3 > 1 > 2 > 6 > 5 > 4 based on the number of alleles per locus. Xgwm136 on chromosome arm 1AS is the most polymorphic SSR locus with the largest number of observed and effective alleles and the highest H and He. Among all 2485 pairs of wheat accessions, genetic distance (GD) ranged from 0.054 to 1.933 and averaged 0.9832. A dendrogram based on GD matrix showed that all the wheat accessions could be grouped into distinct clusters. Most of the susceptible cultivars (13/18) were clustered into groups that contains all or mostly susceptible accessions. Most of the U.S. cultivars belong to a group that is distinguishable from all the different RWA2 resistant groups. Diversity analysis was also conducted separately for subgroups containing 53 RWA2-resistant accessions and 18 RWA2-susceptible accessions. Association mapping revealed 28 SSR loci significantly associated with leaf chlorosis, and 8 with leaf rolling. New chromosome regions associated with RWA2 resistance were detected, and indicated existence of new RWA resistance genes located on chromosomes of all other homoeologous groups in addition to the groups 1 and 7 in bread wheat. This information is helpful for development of mapping populations for RWA2 resistance genes from different phylogenetic groups, and for wise utilization of the RWA-resistant germplasm in wheat breeding programs.
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White J, Law JR, MacKay I, Chalmers KJ, Smith JSC, Kilian A, Powell W. The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian cultivars of Triticum aestivum measured by DArT markers and considered by genome. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:439-53. [PMID: 18060539 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. Diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by AMOVA and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. At the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the B genome. However, the US and Australian D genomes are found to occupy the same region of diversity space and the A genomes for these countries are partially overlapping. The use of high-density genotyping with a common marker set allows an unprecedented direct comparison between the diversities of the national populations, between individual genomes and the fluctuation of diversity over time. The highest genetic diversity amongst varieties is reported in the Australian population followed by the US, which in turn is more diverse than the UK. However the average diversity of loci is higher in the US set than in the Australian. Non-random fluctuations in genetic diversity over time are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J White
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 OLE, UK.
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White J, Law JR, MacKay I, Chalmers KJ, Smith JS, Kilian A, Powell W. The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian cultivars of Triticum aestivum measured by DArT markers and considered by genome. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:439-53. [PMID: 18060539 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. Diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by AMOVA and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. At the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the B genome. However, the US and Australian D genomes are found to occupy the same region of diversity space and the A genomes for these countries are partially overlapping. The use of high-density genotyping with a common marker set allows an unprecedented direct comparison between the diversities of the national populations, between individual genomes and the fluctuation of diversity over time. The highest genetic diversity amongst varieties is reported in the Australian population followed by the US, which in turn is more diverse than the UK. However the average diversity of loci is higher in the US set than in the Australian. Non-random fluctuations in genetic diversity over time are observed.
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Abstract
Thousands of years ago humans began domesticating crops as a food source. Among the wild germplasm available, they selected those that were best adapted for cultivation and utilization. Although wild ancestors have continued to persist in regions where domestication took place, there is a permanent risk of loss of the genetic variability of cultivated plants and their wild relatives in response to changing environmental conditions and cultural practices. Recognizing this danger, plant ex situ genebank collections were created since the beginning of the last century. World-wide, more than 6 million accessions have been accumulated including the German ex situ genebank in Gatersleben, one of the four largest global collections, housing 150,000 accessions belonging to 890 genera and 3032 species. This review summarizes the ex situ plant genetic resources conservation behavior with a special emphasis on German activities. Strategies for maintenance and management of germplasm collections are reviewed, considering modern biotechnologies (in vitro and cryo preservation). General aspects on genetic diversity and integrity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Börner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany
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Le Clerc V, Cadot V, Canadas M, Lallemand J, Guèrin D, Boulineau F. Indicators to assess temporal genetic diversity in the French Catalogue: no losses for maize and peas. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 113:1197-209. [PMID: 16900350 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study, led by the GEVES (Research and Control Group for Varieties and Seeds), was to suggest indicators to assess the diversity available to farmers since the French Official Catalogue for Plant Varieties and Species was initiated. The largest datasets of 1990 inbred maize lines and 578 pea lines from the last 50 years were analysed using morphological and enzymatic parameters. Lines were grouped into three to five periods. Genetic diversity was estimated in each period from morphological and enzymatic markers by computing numerous indices, such as the number of classes of scores for each characteristic, allelic richness or genetic diversity index (H ( e )). Population differentiation parameters (G(ST), G(ST)', F(ST), Q(ST)) were also estimated between periods. While genetic diversity computed from distinction, uniformity, stability traits was more marked for maize (0.66) than for garden peas (0.35) or feed peas (0.29), the opposite trend was observed with enzymes, resulting in a genetic diversity of 0.43, 0.35 and 0.22 for garden peas, feed peas and maize, respectively. However, no significant changes in genetic diversity were observed over time, and genetic differentiation was slight between periods. All our results demonstrated that no significant reduction in the diversity available to farmers had been observed since initiation of the French Catalogue. The H ( e ) was a good indicator providing a quantitative estimate of genetic diversity, but it should be interpreted alongside a more precise indicator such as allelic richness or the number of classes for morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Le Clerc
- Domaine de La Boisselière, GEVES BRION, 49250, Angers, France.
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Pandey M, Wagner C, Friedt W, Ordon F. Genetic relatedness and population differentiation of Himalayan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces inferred with SSRs. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 113:715-29. [PMID: 16845521 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A set of 107 hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) landraces originally collected from the highlands of Nepal along the Annapurna and Manaslu Himalaya range were studied for genetic relatedness and population differentiation using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The 44 genome covering barley SSRs applied in this study revealed a high level of genetic diversity among the landraces (diversity index, DI = 0.536) tested. The genetic similarity (GS) based UPGMA clustering and Bayesian Model-based (MB) structure analysis revealed a complex genetic structure of the landraces. Eight genetically distinct populations were identified, of which seven were further studied for diversity and differentiation. The genetic diversity estimated for all and each population separately revealed a hot spot of genetic diversity at Pisang (DI = 0.559). The populations are fairly differentiated (theta = 0.433, R(ST) = 0.445) accounting for > 40% of the genetic variation among the populations. The pairwise population differentiation test confirmed that many of the geographic populations significantly differ from each other but that the differentiation is independent of the geographic distance (r = 0.224, P > 0.05). The high level of genetic diversity and complex population structure detected in Himalayan hulless barley landraces and the relevance of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Pandey
- Plant Breeding Department, Research Center for Bio Systems Land Resources and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Maras M, Sušnik S, Šuštar-Vozlič J, Meglič V. Temporal changes in genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions cultivated between 1800 and 2000. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279540607012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dobrovolskaya O, Saleh U, Malysheva-Otto L, Röder MS, Börner A. Rationalising germplasm collections: a case study for wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2005; 111:1322-9. [PMID: 16133307 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In total 70 genebank accessions comprising 50 hexaploid, 12 tetraploid and 8 diploid wheats of the Gatersleben collection were selected based on the screening of the passport data for identical cultivar names or accession numbers of the donor genebanks. Twelve potential duplicate groups consisting of three to nine accessions with identical names/numbers were selected and analysed with DNA markers (microsatellites). A bootstrap approach based on re-sampling of both microsatellite markers and alleles within marker loci was used to test for homogeneity. Although several homogeneous groups were identified it became clear that cultivar name identity alone did not allow the determination of duplicates. A combination of SSR-analysis followed by the bootstrap method and database survey considering the botanical classification and other data (origin, growth habit and donor) available is recommended in order to determine duplicates. A procedure for the identification of duplicates and their further handling in ex situ genebanks is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dobrovolskaya
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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