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Zhang P, Huang C, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Yang J. The mechanism of the NFAT transcription factor family involved in oxidative stress response. J Cardiol 2024; 83:30-36. [PMID: 37149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a transcriptional activator widely expressed in various tissues, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of the immune system, the development of the heart and brain systems, and classically mediating pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is an imbalance of intracellular redox status, characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and subsequent lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress occurs during various pathological processes, such as chronic hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac remodeling. Calcium overload leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, while NFAT can be activated through calcium-calcineurin, which is also the main regulatory mode of NFAT factors. This review focuses on the effects of NFAT transcription factors on reactive oxygen species production, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. We hope to provide a reference for the functions and characteristics of NFAT involved in various stages of oxidative stress as well as related potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Haiyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Yoo HS, Moss KO, Cockrum MA, Woo W, Napoli JL. Energy status regulates levels of the RAR/RXR ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid in mammalian tissues: Glucose reduces its synthesis in β-cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105255. [PMID: 37714463 PMCID: PMC10582780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) binds retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) with nanomolar affinities, in contrast to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds only RAR with nanomolar affinities. RXR heterodimerize with type II nuclear receptors, including RAR, to regulate a vast gene array. Despite much effort, 9cRA has not been identified as an endogenous retinoid, other than in pancreas. By revising tissue analysis methods, 9cRA quantification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry becomes possible in all mouse tissues analyzed. 9cRA occurs in concentrations similar to or greater than atRA. Fasting increases 9cRA in white and brown adipose, brain and pancreas, while increasing atRA in white adipose, liver and pancreas. 9cRA supports FoxO1 actions in pancreas β-cells and counteracts glucose actions that lead to glucotoxicity; in part by inducing Atg7 mRNA, which encodes the key enzyme essential for autophagy. Glucose suppresses 9cRA biosynthesis in the β-cell lines 832/13 and MIN6. Glucose reduces 9cRA biosynthesis in 832/13 cells by inhibiting Rdh5 transcription, unconnected to insulin, through cAMP and Akt, and inhibiting FoxO1. Through adapting tissue specifically to fasting, 9cRA would act independent of atRA. Widespread occurrence of 9cRA in vivo, and its self-sufficient adaptation to energy status, provides new perspectives into regulation of energy balance, attenuation of insulin and glucose actions, regulation of type II nuclear receptors, and retinoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sik Yoo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kristin Obrochta Moss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael A Cockrum
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Wonsik Woo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Sánchez-Jasso DE, López-Guzmán SF, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Oviedo N. Novel Aspects of cAMP-Response Element Modulator (CREM) Role in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12558. [PMID: 37628737 PMCID: PMC10454534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a very complex process with an intricate transcriptional regulation. The transition from the diploid to the haploid state requires the involvement of specialized genes in meiosis, among other specific functions for the formation of the spermatozoon. The transcription factor cAMP-response element modulator (CREM) is a key modulator that triggers the differentiation of the germ cell into the spermatozoon through the modification of gene expression. CREM has multiple repressor and activator isoforms whose expression is tissue-cell-type specific and tightly regulated by various factors at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. The activator isoform CREMτ controls the expression of several relevant genes in post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis. In addition, exposure to xenobiotics negatively affects CREMτ expression, which is linked to male infertility. On the other hand, antioxidants could have a positive effect on CREMτ expression and improve sperm parameters in idiopathically infertile men. Therefore, CREM expression could be used as a biomarker to detect and even counteract male infertility. This review examines the importance of CREM as a transcription factor for sperm production and its relevance in male fertility, infertility and the response to environmental xenobiotics that may affect CREMτ expression and the downstream regulation that alters male fertility. Also, some health disorders in which CREM expression is altered are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Eduardo Sánchez-Jasso
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (D.E.S.-J.); (S.F.L.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Sergio Federico López-Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (D.E.S.-J.); (S.F.L.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (D.E.S.-J.); (S.F.L.-G.); (R.M.B.-C.)
| | - Norma Oviedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Immunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 02990, Mexico
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Bonilha I, Hajduch E, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Le Goff W, Sposito AC. The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120807. [PMID: 34940565 PMCID: PMC8708656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7098; Fax: +55-19-3289-410
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Varghese DS, Ali BR. Pathological Crosstalk Between Oxidized LDL and ER Stress in Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674103. [PMID: 34124059 PMCID: PMC8187772 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative modification of the major cholesterol carrying lipoprotein, oxLDL, is a biomarker as well as a pathological factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and other metabolic diseases. Perturbed cellular homeostasis due to physiological, pathological and pharmacological factors hinder the proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the major hub for protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis and calcium storage, thereby leading to ER stress. The cellular response to ER stress is marked by a defensive mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR), wherein the cell adapts strategies that favor survival. Under conditions of excessive ER stress, when the survival mechanisms fail to restore balance, UPR switches to apoptosis and eliminates the defective cells. ER stress is a major hallmark in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Though the pathological link between oxLDL and ER stress in cardiovascular diseases is well-documented, its involvement in other diseases is still largely unexplored. This review provides a deep insight into the common mechanisms in the pathogenicity of diseases involving oxLDL and ER stress as key players. In addition, the potential therapeutic intervention of the targets implicated in the pathogenic processes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Awaad AK, Kamel MA, Mohamed MM, Helmy MH, Youssef MI, Zaki EI, Essawy MM, Hegazy MGA. The role of hepatic transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) during the development of experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver: a biochemical and histomorphometric study. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several molecular mechanisms contribute to the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the most promising pathways that regulates various cellular functions including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. cAMP induces gene transcription through phosphorylation of the transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The action of cAMP is tightly regulated by its level and repression. Among the repressors, Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) is the only inducible CRE-binding protein. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of hepatic CREB level in the development of experimental NAFLD model to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease. NAFLD 35 male Wistar rats fed a high fat diet for a period of 14 weeks were studied compared with 35 control rats fed a standard diet. Five fasting rats were sacrificed each 2 weeks intervals for a period of 14 weeks.
Results
NAFLD group revealed a remarkable duration—dependent elevation in cAMP and CREB levels in the liver tissue compared to control group (P value < 0.004, P value < 0.006, respectively). In contrast, ICER gene expression, as a dominant-negative regulator of CREB, was downregulated in the liver of NAFLD group compared to control group. We also demonstrated that CREB levels were positively correlated with liver function tests, and glucose homeostasis parameters.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that cAMP/CREB pathway provides an early signal in the progression to NAFLD representing a noninvasive biomarker that can early detect NAFLD and a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease as well.
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Lin YCD, Huang HY, Shrestha S, Chou CH, Chen YH, Chen CR, Hong HC, Li J, Chang YA, Chiew MY, Huang YR, Tu SJ, Sun TH, Weng SL, Tseng CP, Huang HD. Multi-omics profiling reveals microRNA-mediated insulin signaling networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:389. [PMID: 32938376 PMCID: PMC7496206 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in mediating the action of insulin on cell growth and the development of diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the miRNA-mediated signaling network in response to glucose in pancreatic beta cells. In our study, we established a computational framework integrating multi-omics profiles analyses, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) data analysis, inverse expression pattern analysis, public data integration, and miRNA targets prediction to illustrate the miRNA-mediated regulatory network at different glucose concentrations in INS-1 pancreatic beta cells (INS-1), which display important characteristics of the pancreatic beta cells. Results We applied our computational framework to the expression profiles of miRNA/mRNA of INS-1, at different glucose concentrations. A total of 1437 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 153 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified from multi-omics profiles. In particular, 121 DEmiRs putatively regulated a total of 237 DEGs involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, ion channels, exocytosis, homeostasis, and insulin gene regulation. Moreover, Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation sequencing, qRT-PCR, and luciferase assay identified Crem, Fn1, and Stc1 are direct targets of miR-146b and elucidated that miR-146b acted as a potential regulator and promising target to understand the insulin signaling network. Conclusions In this study, the integration of experimentally verified data with system biology framework extracts the miRNA network for exploring potential insulin-associated miRNA and their target genes. The findings offer a potentially significant effect on the understanding of miRNA-mediated insulin signaling network in the development and progression of pancreatic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chi-Dung Lin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chi-Ru Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Hong
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-An Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Men-Yee Chiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Rong Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Jyun Tu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China. .,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Seidl MD, Fels B, Kranick D, Sternberg A, Grimm K, Stümpel FT, Pluteanu F, Schulte JS, Heinick A, Kojima N, Endo S, Huge A, Stoll M, Müller FU. Induction of ICER is superseded by smICER, challenging the impact of ICER under chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. FASEB J 2020; 34:11272-11291. [PMID: 32602979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902301rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ICER (inducible cAMP early repressor) isoforms are transcriptional repressors encoded by the Crem (cAMP responsive element modulator) gene. They were linked to the regulation of a multitude of cellular processes and pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we show for the first time that two independent induction patterns for CREM repressor isoforms exist in the heart, namely for ICER and smICER (small ICER), which are induced in response to β-adrenergic stimulation in a transient- and saturation-like manner, respectively. This time-shifted induction pattern, driven by two internal promoters in the Crem gene, leads to the predominant transcription of smIcer after prolonged β-adrenergic stimulation. Using an ICER knockout mouse model with preserved smICER induction, we show that the transient-like induction of Icer itself has minor effects on gene regulation, cardiac hypertrophy or contractile function in the heart. We conclude that the functions previously linked to ICER may be rather attributed to smICER, also beyond the cardiac background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Seidl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kranick
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sternberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristina Grimm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank T Stümpel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florentina Pluteanu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan S Schulte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinick
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Huge
- Core Facility Genomik, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Core Facility Genomik, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank U Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Coppola T, Beraud-Dufour S, Lebrun P, Blondeau N. Bridging the Gap Between Diabetes and Stroke in Search of High Clinical Relevance Therapeutic Targets. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:432-444. [PMID: 31489567 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes affects more than 425 million people worldwide, a scale approaching pandemic proportion. Diabetes represents a major risk factor for stroke, and therefore is actively addressed for stroke prevention. However, how diabetes affects stroke severity has not yet been extensively considered, which is surprising given the evident but understudied common mechanistic features of both pathologies. The increase in number of diabetic people, incidence of stroke in the presence of this specific risk factor, and the exacerbation of ischemic brain damage in diabetic conditions (at least in animal models) warrants the need to integrate this comorbidity in preclinical studies of brain ischemia to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Therefore, a better understanding of the commonalties involved in the course of both diseases would offer the promise of discovering novel neuroprotective pathways that would be more appropriated to clinical scenarios. In this article, we will review the relevant mechanisms that have been identified as common traits of both pathologies and that could be, to our knowledge, potential targets in both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Coppola
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France.
| | - Sophie Beraud-Dufour
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Patricia Lebrun
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France.
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Boland BB, Rhodes CJ, Grimsby JS. The dynamic plasticity of insulin production in β-cells. Mol Metab 2017; 6:958-973. [PMID: 28951821 PMCID: PMC5605729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are quite capable of adapting to both acute and chronic changes in metabolic demand, persistently high demand for insulin will ultimately lead to their progressive dysfunction and eventual loss. Recent and historical studies highlight the importance of 'resting' the β-cell as a means of preserving functional β-cell mass. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide experimental evidence to highlight the remarkable plasticity for insulin production and secretion by the pancreatic β-cell alongside some clinical evidence that supports leveraging this unique ability to preserve β-cell function. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targeted towards reducing the systemic metabolic burden, rather than demanding greater insulin production from an already beleaguered β-cell, should be emphasized to maintain endogenous insulin secretory function and delay the progression of T2DM.
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Key Words
- ATF6, Activating Transcription Factor 6
- CHOP, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Homologous Protein
- EPAC, Exchange Factor Directly Activated by cAMP
- EROβ1, ER-resident oxidoreductase β1
- GIP, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like Peptide 1
- GLUT2, Glucose Transporter 2
- GSIS, Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion
- IREα, Inositol Requiring Enzyme α
- Insulin production
- NEFA, Non-esterified Fatty Acid
- PERK, Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase
- PKA, Protein Kinase A
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- PLC, Phospholipase C
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SNAP-25, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein 25
- SNARE, Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T2DM
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- TRP, Transient Receptor Potential
- VAMP-2, Vehicle Associated Membrane Protein 2
- VDCC, Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel
- mTORC1, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin 1
- nH, Hill coefficient
- β-cell rest
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B. Boland
- MedImmune, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Plaisance V, Brajkovic S, Tenenbaum M, Favre D, Ezanno H, Bonnefond A, Bonner C, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Gauthier BR, Widmann C, Waeber G, Pattou F, Froguel P, Abderrahmani A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Oxidative Stress to Impaired Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function Caused by Human Oxidized LDL. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163046. [PMID: 27636901 PMCID: PMC5026355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentration of the pro-atherogenic oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) triggers adverse effects in pancreatic beta-cells and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key player coupling oxidative stress to beta-cell dysfunction and death elicited by human oxidized LDL. We found that human oxidized LDL activates ER stress as evidenced by the activation of the inositol requiring 1α, and the elevated expression of both DDIT3 (also called CHOP) and DNAJC3 (also called P58IPK) ER stress markers in isolated human islets and the mouse insulin secreting MIN6 cells. Silencing of Chop and inhibition of ER stress markers by the chemical chaperone phenyl butyric acid (PBA) prevented cell death caused by oxidized LDL. Finally, we found that oxidative stress accounts for activation of ER stress markers induced by oxidized LDL. Induction of Chop/CHOP and p58IPK/P58IPK by oxidized LDL was mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and was blocked by co-treatment with the N-acetylcystein antioxidant. As a conclusion, the harmful effects of oxidized LDL in beta-cells requires ER stress activation in a manner that involves oxidative stress. This mechanism may account for impaired beta-cell function in diabetes and can be reversed by antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Saška Brajkovic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathie Tenenbaum
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Dimitri Favre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Ezanno
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valéry Gmyr
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, Lille, France
| | | | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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12
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Schumacher L, Abbott LC. Effects of methyl mercury exposure on pancreatic beta cell development and function. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:4-12. [PMID: 27594070 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methyl mercury is an environmental contaminant of worldwide concern. Since the discovery of methyl mercury exposure due to eating contaminated fish as the underlying cause of the Minamata disaster, the scientific community has known about the sensitivity of the developing central nervous system to mercury toxicity. Warnings are given to pregnant women and young children to limit consumption of foods containing methyl mercury to protect the embryonic, fetal and postnatally developing central nervous system. However, evidence also suggests that exposure to methyl mercury or various forms of inorganic mercury may also affect development and function of other organs. Numerous reports indicate a worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Quite recently, methyl mercury has been shown to have adverse effects on pancreatic beta (β) cell development and function, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and may even lead to the development of diabetes. This review discusses possible mechanisms by which methyl mercury exposure may adversely affect pancreatic β cell development and function, and the role that methyl mercury exposure may have in the reported worldwide increase in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. While additional information is needed regarding associations between mercury exposure and specific mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetes in the human population, methyl mercury's adverse effects on the body's natural sources of antioxidants suggest that one possible therapeutic strategy could involve supplementation with antioxidants. Thus, it is important that additional investigation be undertaken into the role of methyl mercury exposure and reduced pancreatic β cell function. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schumacher
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843-4458, USA
| | - Louise C Abbott
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, TX, 77843-4458, USA
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Mondal P, Song WJ, Li Y, Yang KS, Hussain MA. Increasing β-cell mass requires additional stimulation for adaptation to secretory demand. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 29:108-20. [PMID: 25387052 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by relative insulin deficiency, subsequent to both reduced β-cell mass and insufficient insulin secretion, and both augmenting β-cell mass and β-cell function are therapeutic strategies for treating T2DM. However, the relative significance of increasing β-cell mass vs improving β-cell stimulus secretion coupling remains unclear. We have developed a mouse model that allows proliferation of β-cells in adult mice without affecting β-cell function by inducible expression of the positive cell cycle regulator cyclin A2 specifically in β-cells. In these mice, when kept on a standard diet, doubling of β-cell mass does not result in altered glucose tolerance or glucose-stimulated circulating insulin levels. Notably, a doubling of β-cell mass also does not confer improved glycemic control and ability of β-cells to respond to diabetogenic high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. However, in high-fat diet-exposed mice, an increase in endogenous β-cell mass confers increased potentiation of in vivo glucose-stimulated rise in circulating insulin in response to acute pharmacologic treatment with the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exendin-4. These observations indicate that increasing endogenous β-cell mass may not be sufficient to improve glycemic control in T2DM without additional strategies to increase β-cell stimulus secretion coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Mondal
- Departments of Medicine (M.A.H.), Pediatrics (P.M., W.-J.S., Y.L., K.S.Y., M.A.H.), and Biological Chemistry (M.A.H.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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14
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Brajkovic S, Ferdaoussi M, Pawlowski V, Ezanno H, Plaisance V, Zmuda E, Hai T, Annicotte JS, Waeber G, Abderrahmani A. Islet Brain 1 Protects Insulin Producing Cells against Lipotoxicity. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9158562. [PMID: 26665154 PMCID: PMC4655268 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9158562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intake of saturated free fatty acids is associated with diabetes and may contribute to the impairment of functional beta cell mass. Mitogen activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1 also called islet brain 1 (IB1) is a candidate gene for diabetes that is required for beta cell survival and glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS). In this study we investigated whether IB1 expression is required for preserving beta cell survival and function in response to palmitate. Chronic exposure of MIN6 and isolated rat islets cells to palmitate led to reduction of the IB1 mRNA and protein content. Diminution of IB1 mRNA and protein level relied on the inducible cAMP early repressor activity and proteasome-mediated degradation, respectively. Suppression of IB1 level mimicked the harmful effects of palmitate on the beta cell survival and GSIS. Conversely, ectopic expression of IB1 counteracted the deleterious effects of palmitate on the beta cell survival and insulin secretion. These findings highlight the importance in preserving the IB1 content for protecting beta cell against lipotoxicity in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saška Brajkovic
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
- University of Lille, EGID FR 3508, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille University Hospital, UMR INSERM 1190, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Ezanno
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Erik Zmuda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- University of Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR CNRS 8199, Faculty of Medicine West, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
- *Amar Abderrahmani:
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15
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Bitar MS, Al-Mulla F. Upregulation of CREM/ICER suppresses wound endothelial CRE-HIF-1α-VEGF-dependent signaling and impairs angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:65-80. [PMID: 25381014 PMCID: PMC4283651 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes constitute dominant risk factors for non-healing wounds and most forms of cardiovascular disease. We propose that diabetes shifts the ‘angiogenic balance’ in favor of an excessive anti-angiogenic phenotype. Herein, we report that diabetes impairs in vivo sponge angiogenic capacity by decreasing VEGF expression and fibrovascular invasion, and reciprocally enhances the formation of angiostatic molecules, such as thrombospondins, NFκB and FasL. Defective in vivo angiogenesis prompted cellular studies in cultured endothelial cells derived from subcutaneous sponge implants (SIECs) of control and Goto-Kakizaki rats. Ensuing data from diabetic SIECs demonstrated a marked upregulation in cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling, possibly stemming from increased expression of adenylyl cyclase isoforms 3 and 8, and decreased expression of PDE3. Mechanistically, we found that oxidative stress and PKA activation in diabetes enhanced CREM/ICER expression. This reduces IRS2 cellular content by inhibiting cAMP response element (CRE) transcriptional activity. Consequently, a decrease in the activity of Akt-mTOR ensued with a concomitant reduction in the total and nuclear protein levels of HIF-1α. Limiting HIF-1α availability for the specific hypoxia response elements in diabetic SIECs elicited a marked reduction in VEGF expression, both at the mRNA and protein levels. These molecular abnormalities were illustrated functionally by a defect in various pro-angiogenic properties, including cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. A genetic-based strategy in diabetic SIECs using siRNAs against CREM/ICER significantly augmented the PKA-dependent VEGF expression. To this end, the current data identify the importance of CREM/ICER as a negative regulator of endothelial function and establish a link between CREM/ICER overexpression and impaired angiogenesis during the course of diabetes. Moreover, it could also point to CREM/ICER as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad S Bitar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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16
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Salvi R, Abderrahmani A. Decompensation of β-cells in diabetes: when pancreatic β-cells are on ICE(R). J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:768024. [PMID: 24672804 PMCID: PMC3941242 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin production and secretion are temporally regulated. Keeping insulin secretion at rest after a rise of glucose prevents exhaustion and ultimately failure of β-cells. Among the mechanisms that reduce β-cell activity is the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). ICER is an immediate early gene, which is rapidly induced by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade. The seminal function of ICER is to negatively regulate the production and secretion of insulin by repressing the genes expression. This is part of adaptive response required for proper β-cells function in response to environmental factors. Inappropriate induction of ICER accounts for pancreatic β-cells dysfunction and ultimately death elicited by chronic hyperglycemia, fatty acids, and oxidized LDL. This review underlines the importance of balancing the negative regulation achieved by ICER for preserving β-cell function and survival in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salvi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, UMR 8199, 3508 Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille 2 University, UMR 8199, 3508 Lille, France
- Faculty of Medicine West, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille, France
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17
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Ezanno H, Pawlowski V, Abdelli S, Boutry R, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Bonny C, Pattou F, Abderrahmani A. JNK3 is required for the cytoprotective effect of exendin 4. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:814854. [PMID: 25025079 PMCID: PMC4083605 DOI: 10.1155/2014/814854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of beta cell against apoptosis is one of the therapeutic benefits of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) antidiabetic mimetics for preserving the functional beta cell mass exposed to diabetogenic condition including proinflammatory cytokines. The mitogen activated protein kinase 10 also called c-jun amino-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) plays a protective role in insulin-secreting cells against death caused by cytokines. In this study, we investigated whether the JNK3 expression is associated with the protective effect elicited by the GLP1 mimetic exendin 4. We found an increase in the abundance of JNK3 in isolated human islets and INS-1E cells cultured with exendin 4. Induction of JNK3 by exendin 4 was associated with an increased survival of INS-1E cells. Silencing of JNK3 prevented the cytoprotective effect of exendin 4 against apoptosis elicited by culture condition and cytokines. These results emphasize the requirement of JNK3 in the antiapoptotic effects of exendin 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ezanno
- Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille University Hospital, INSERM UMR 859, Biotherapies for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Saida Abdelli
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Boutry
- Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France
| | - Valery Gmyr
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille University Hospital, INSERM UMR 859, Biotherapies for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille University Hospital, INSERM UMR 859, Biotherapies for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Bonny
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Pattou
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille University Hospital, INSERM UMR 859, Biotherapies for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, EGID FR 3508, UMR 8199, Lille, France
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Lille 2 University, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille University Hospital, INSERM UMR 859, Biotherapies for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- *Amar Abderrahmani:
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18
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Plaisance V, Waeber G, Regazzi R, Abderrahmani A. Role of microRNAs in islet beta-cell compensation and failure during diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:618652. [PMID: 24734255 PMCID: PMC3964735 DOI: 10.1155/2014/618652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell function and mass are markedly adaptive to compensate for the changes in insulin requirement observed during several situations such as pregnancy, obesity, glucocorticoids excess, or administration. This requires a beta-cell compensation which is achieved through a gain of beta-cell mass and function. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that promote functional beta-cell mass expansion and that protect cells against death, is a key therapeutic target for diabetes. In this respect, several recent studies have emphasized the instrumental role of microRNAs in the control of beta-cell function. MicroRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression, and are pivotal for the control of beta-cell proliferation, function, and survival. On the one hand, changes in specific microRNA levels have been associated with beta-cell compensation and are triggered by hormones or bioactive peptides that promote beta-cell survival and function. Conversely, modifications in the expression of other specific microRNAs contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and death elicited by diabetogenic factors including, cytokines, chronic hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidized LDL. This review underlines the importance of targeting the microRNA network for future innovative therapies aiming at preventing the beta-cell decline in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Plaisance
- Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital-University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France
- *Amar Abderrahmani:
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Seidl MD, Nunes F, Fels B, Hildebrandt I, Schmitz W, Schulze-Osthoff K, Müller FU. A novel intronic promoter of the Crem gene induces small ICER (smICER) isoforms. FASEB J 2013; 28:143-52. [PMID: 24022402 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-231977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) regulate gene transcription in response to elevated cAMP levels. The Crem isoform inducible cAMP early repressor (Icer) is transcribed by the internal promoter P2 as a critical regulator of multiple cellular processes. Here, we describe a novel inducible Crem isoform, small Icer (smIcer), regulated by a newly identified promoter (P6). ChIP revealed binding of CREB to P6 in human and mouse myocardium. P6 activity was induced by constitutively active CREB or stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. In mice, smIcer mRNA was ubiquitously expressed and transiently induced by β-adrenoceptor stimulation e.g., in heart and lung. SmICER repressed both basal and cAMP-induced activities of P6 and P2 promoters. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase induced P2 and P6 in cell type-specific manner. Alternative translational start sites resulted in three different smICER proteins, linked to increased apoptosis sensitivity. In conclusion, the Crem gene provides two distinct and mutually controlled mechanisms of a cAMP-dependent induction of transcriptional repressors. Our results suggest not only that smICER is a novel regulator of cAMP-mediated gene regulation, but also emphasize that biological effects that have been ascribed solely to ICER, should be revised with regard to smICER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D Seidl
- 2Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 12, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Siebel AL, Natoli AK, Yap FYT, Carey AL, Reddy-Luthmoodoo M, Sviridov D, Weber CIK, Meneses-Lorente G, Maugeais C, Forbes JM, Kingwell BA. Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Elevation With Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition on Insulin Secretion. Circ Res 2013; 113:167-75. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Siebel
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Alaina K. Natoli
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Felicia Y. T. Yap
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Andrew L. Carey
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Medini Reddy-Luthmoodoo
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Chek Ing Kiu Weber
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Georgina Meneses-Lorente
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Cyrille Maugeais
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Josephine M. Forbes
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
| | - Bronwyn A. Kingwell
- From the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (A.L.S., A.K.N., F.Y.T.Y., A.L.C., M.R.-L., D.S., J.M.F., B.A.K.); and F. Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (C.I.K.W., G.M.-L., C.M.)
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Ljubicic S, Bezzi P, Brajkovic S, Nesca V, Guay C, Ohbayashi N, Fukuda M, Abderrhamani A, Regazzi R. The GTPase Rab37 Participates in the Control of Insulin Exocytosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68255. [PMID: 23826383 PMCID: PMC3694898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab37 belongs to a subclass of Rab GTPases regulating exocytosis, including also Rab3a and Rab27a. Proteomic studies indicate that Rab37 is associated with insulin-containing large dense core granules of pancreatic β-cells. In agreement with these observations, we detected Rab37 in extracts of β-cell lines and human pancreatic islets and confirmed by confocal microscopy the localization of the GTPase on insulin-containing secretory granules. We found that, as is the case for Rab3a and Rab27a, reduction of Rab37 levels by RNA interference leads to impairment in glucose-induced insulin secretion and to a decrease in the number of granules in close apposition to the plasma membrane. Pull-down experiments revealed that, despite similar functional effects, Rab37 does not interact with known Rab3a or Rab27a effectors and is likely to operate through a different mechanism. Exposure of insulin-secreting cells to proinflammatory cytokines, fatty acids or oxidized low-density lipoproteins, mimicking physiopathological conditions that favor the development of diabetes, resulted in a decrease in Rab37 expression. Our data identify Rab37 as an additional component of the machinery governing exocytosis of β-cells and suggest that impaired expression of this GTPase may contribute to defective insulin release in pre-diabetic and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Ljubicic
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saska Brajkovic
- EGID FR 3508, INSERM U859, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Valeria Nesca
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Lee YS, Morinaga H, Kim JJ, Lagakos W, Taylor S, Keshwani M, Perkins G, Dong H, Kayali AG, Sweet IR, Olefsky J. The fractalkine/CX3CR1 system regulates β cell function and insulin secretion. Cell 2013; 153:413-25. [PMID: 23582329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a regulatory mechanism for pancreatic islet β cell function and insulin secretion. CX3CR1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited a marked defect in glucose and GLP1-stimulated insulin secretion, and this defect was also observed in vitro in isolated islets from CX3CR1 KO mice. In vivo administration of FKN improved glucose tolerance with an increase in insulin secretion. In vitro treatment of islets with FKN increased intracellular Ca(2+) and potentiated insulin secretion in both mouse and human islets. The KO islets exhibited reduced expression of a set of genes necessary for the fully functional, differentiated β cell state, whereas treatment of wild-type (WT) islets with FKN led to increased expression of these genes. Lastly, expression of FKN in islets was decreased by aging and high-fat diet/obesity, suggesting that decreased FKN/CX3CR1 signaling could be a mechanism underlying β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Haefliger JA, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Caille D, Charollais A, Meda P, Allagnat F. Hyperglycemia downregulates Connexin36 in pancreatic islets via the upregulation of ICER-1/ICER-1γ. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:49-58. [PMID: 23613279 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Channels formed by the gap junction protein Connexin36 (CX36) contribute to the proper control of insulin secretion. We previously demonstrated that chronic exposure to glucose decreases Cx36 levels in insulin-secreting cells in vitro. Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia also regulates Cx36 in vivo. Using a model of continuous glucose infusion in adult rats, we showed that prolonged (24-48 h) hyperglycemia reduced the Cx36 gene Gjd2 mRNA levels in pancreatic islets. Accordingly, prolonged exposure to high glucose concentrations also reduced the expression and function of Cx36 in the rat insulin-producing INS-1E cell line. The glucose effect was blocked after inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway and was associated with an overexpression of the inducible cAMP early repressor ICER-1/ICER-1γ, which binds to a functional cAMP-response element in the promoter of the Cx36 gene Gjd2. The involvement of this repressor was further demonstrated using an antisense strategy of ICER-1 inhibition, which prevented glucose-induced downregulation of Cx36. The data indicate that chronic exposure to glucose alters the in vivo expression of Cx36 by the insulin-producing β-cells through ICER-1/ICER-1γ overexpression. This mechanism may contribute to the reduced glucose sensitivity and altered insulin secretion, which contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Physiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wu L, Li X, Zhu H, Xu P, Gao X. A prescribed Chinese herbal medicine improves glucose profile and ameliorates oxidative stress in Goto-Kakisaki rats fed with high fat diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60262. [PMID: 23565214 PMCID: PMC3614962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a role in hyperglycemia induced islet β cell dysfunction, however, studies on classic anti-oxidants didn’t show positive results in treating diabetes. We previously demonstrated that the prescribed Chinese herbal medicine preparation “Qing Huo Yi Hao” (QHYH) improved endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. QHYH protected endothelial cells from high glucose-induced damages by scavenging superoxide anion and reducing production of reactive oxygen species. Its active component protected C2C12 myotubes against palmitate-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated whether QHYH protected islet β cell function exacerbated by high fat diet (HFD) in hyperglycemic GK rats. 4-week-old male rats were randomly divided into high HFD feeding group (n = 20) and chow diet feeding group (n = 10). Each gram of HFD contained 4.8 kcal of energy, 52% of which from fat. Rats on HFD were further divided into 2 groups given either QHYH (3 ml/Kg/d) or saline through gastric tube. After intervention, serum glucose concentrations were monitored; IPGTTs were performed without anesthesia on 5 fasting rats randomly chosen from each group on week 4 and 16. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and activities of serum antioxidant enzymes were measured on week 4 and 16. Islet β cell mass and OS marker staining was done by immunohistochemistry on week 16. QHYH prevented the exacerbation of hyperglycemia in HFD feeding GK rats for 12 weeks. On week 16, it improved the exacerbated glucose tolerance and prevented the further loss of islet β cell mass induced by HFD. QHYH markedly decreased serum MDA concentration, increased serum catalase (CAT) and SOD activities on week 4. However, no differences of serum glucose concentration or OS were observed on week 16. We concluded that QHYH decreased hyperglycemia exacerbated by HFD in GK rats by improving β cell function partly via its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Haefliger JA, Martin D, Favre D, Petremand Y, Mazzolai L, Abderrahmani A, Meda P, Waeber G, Allagnat F. Reduction of connexin36 content by ICER-1 contributes to insulin-secreting cells apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL particles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55198. [PMID: 23383107 PMCID: PMC3559396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin36 (Cx36), a trans-membrane protein that forms gap junctions between insulin-secreting beta-cells in the Langerhans islets, contributes to the proper control of insulin secretion and beta-cell survival. Hypercholesterolemia and pro-atherogenic low density lipoproteins (LDL) contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in the context of Type 2 diabetes. We investigated the impact of LDL-cholesterol on Cx36 levels in beta-cells. As compared to WT mice, the Cx36 content was reduced in islets from hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice. Prolonged exposure to human native (nLDL) or oxidized LDL (oxLDL) particles decreased the expression of Cx36 in insulin secreting cell-lines and isolated rodent islets. Cx36 down-regulation was associated with overexpression of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER-1) and the selective disruption of ICER-1 prevented the effects of oxLDL on Cx36 expression. Oil red O staining and Plin1 expression levels suggested that oxLDL were less stored as neutral lipid droplets than nLDL in INS-1E cells. The lipid beta-oxidation inhibitor etomoxir enhanced oxLDL-induced apoptosis whereas the ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin partially protected INS-1E cells, suggesting that oxLDL toxicity was due to impaired metabolism of the lipids. ICER-1 and Cx36 expressions were closely correlated with oxLDL toxicity. Cx36 knock-down in INS-1E cells or knock-out in primary islets sensitized beta-cells to oxLDL-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of Cx36 partially protected INS-1E cells against apoptosis. These data demonstrate that the reduction of Cx36 content in beta-cells by oxLDL particles is mediated by ICER-1 and contributes to oxLDL-induced beta-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Martin
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Favre
- Department of Cellular Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Petremand
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Service of Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 8199, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brajkovic S, Marenzoni R, Favre D, Guérardel A, Salvi R, Beeler N, Froguel P, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Abderrahmani A. Evidence for tuning adipocytes ICER levels for obesity care. Adipocyte 2012; 1:157-160. [PMID: 23700525 PMCID: PMC3609089 DOI: 10.4161/adip.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal adipokine production, along with defective uptake and metabolism of glucose within adipocytes, contributes to insulin resistance and altered glucose homeostasis. Recent research has highlighted one of the mechanisms that accounts for impaired production of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and adipocyte glucose uptake in obesity. In adipocytes of human obese subjects and mice fed with a high fat diet, the level of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) is diminished. Reduction of ICER elevates the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity, which in turn increases the repressor activating transcription factor 3. In fine, the cascade triggers reduction in the ADIPOQ and GLUT4 levels, which ultimately hampers insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) interacting-protein 1, also called islet brain 1 (IB1), is a target of CREB/ICER that promotes JNK-mediated insulin resistance in adipocytes. A rise in IB1 and c-Jun levels accompanies the drop of ICER in white adipose tissues of obese mice when compared with mice fed with a chow diet. Other than the expression of ADIPOQ and glucose transport, decline in ICER expression might impact insulin signaling. Impairment of ICER is a critical issue that will need major consideration in future therapeutic purposes.
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