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She L, Li W, Guo Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Zheng W, Dai A, Chen X, Wang P, He H, Zhang P, Zeng J, Xiang B, Li S, Wang L, Dai Q, Yang M. Association of glucokinase gene and glucokinase regulatory protein gene polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. Gene X 2022; 824:146378. [PMID: 35276241 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of glucokinase (GCK) gene, glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to GDM in Chinese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This case-control study included 835 GDM patients and 870 non-diabetic pregnant women who had their prenatal examinations at 24-28 gestational weeks at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 15, 2018 to March 31, 2019. The nurses were trained to collect clinical information and blood samples. The candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs, GCK rs1799884, rs4607517, rs10278336, rs2268574, rs730497 and GCKR rs780094, rs1260326) were genotyped on Sequenom Massarray platform. Statistical analysis including independent sample t test, chi-square test, logistic regression and one-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate the differences in allele and genotype distributions and their correlations with the odds of GDM. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in age, pre-gestational BMI, education level and family history of diabetes between case and control group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for these confounders, GCK rs1799884 was still significantly associated with GDM (P < 0.05), but there were no significant associations between rs4607517, rs10278336 and rs2268574, rs780094 and rs1260326 polymorphisms and GDM odds (P > 0.05). In addition, the pregnant women with rs4607517 TT genotype had the significantly higher fasting blood glucose level than CC genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION GCK rs1799884 mutation is associated with higher GDM odds in Chinese population. Further larger studies are needed to explore the association between GCK and GCKR polymorphisms and GDM susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu She
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.947, Heping Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chongqing Yubei, No. 71 ShuanghuZhi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianqiong Liu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenpei Zheng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Anna Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua He
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.947, Heping Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.947, Heping Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.947, Heping Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.288 Machang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.745 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.947, Heping Road, Wuhan, China.
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Mir M, Mir R, Alghamdi M, Wani J, Elfaki I, Sabah Z, Alhujaily M, Jeelani M, Marakala V, Alharthi M, Al‑Shahrani A. Potential impact of GCK, MIR-196A-2 and MIR-423 gene abnormalities on the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asir and Tabuk regions of Saudi Arabia. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:162. [PMID: 35293603 PMCID: PMC8941532 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and is associated with serious complications. The risk factors for T2DM include both genetic and lifestyle factors. Genome-wide association studies have indicated the association of genetic variations with many diseases, including T2DM. Glucokinase (GCK) plays a key role in the regulation of insulin release in the pancreas and catalyzes the first step in glycolysis in the liver. Genetic alterations in the GCK gene have been implicated in both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in the important physiological processes including glucose metabolism. In the present study, the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GCK, MIR-196A-2 and MIR-423 genes with susceptibility to T2DM in patients from two regions of Saudi Arabia were examined, using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system. The results showed that the AA genotype and the A allele of GCK rs1799884 were associated with T2DM [odds ratio (OR)=2.25, P=0.032 and OR=1.55, P=0.021, respectively]. Likewise, the CT genotype and T allele of MIR-196A-2 rs11614913 were associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR=2.36, P=0.0059 and OR=1.74, P=0.023, respectively). In addition, the CA genotype of MIR-423 rs6505162 C>A was found to be linked with T2DM (OR=2.12 and P=0.021). It was concluded in the present research study that gene variations in GCK, MIR-196A-2 and MIR-423 are potentially associated with an increased risk of T2DM. These results, in the future, may help in the identification and stratification of individuals susceptible to T2DM. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and in different ethnic populations are recommended to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Mir
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushabab Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Wani
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Sabah
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jeelani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Marakala
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muffarah Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al‑Shahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Bódis K, Knebel B, Nowotny B, Bobrov P, Kupriyanova Y, Zaharia OP, Karusheva Y, Schön M, Wolkersdorfer M, Burkart V, Al-Hasani H, Markgraf D, Müssig K, Roden M, Szendroedi J. Hepatic energy metabolism in a family with a glucokinase gene mutation and dysglycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109779. [PMID: 35176401 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carriers heterozygous for the D124N (c.370, GAC > AAC in exon 4) variant of GCK not only exhibit reduced insulin-secretion, but also impaired adipose insulin sensitivity, which may shift fatty acids towards the liver. This could contribute to increased hepatic lipid-accumulation and alterations of liver energy metabolism resulting in dysglycemia. ClinicalTrial.gov registration no: NCT01055093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kupriyanova
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Zhong J, Yu Q, Zheng N, Su J, Zheng X, Zheng L, Chen X. Gene polymorphisms of insulin secretion signaling pathway associated with clopidogrel resistance in Han Chinese population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23970. [PMID: 34609028 PMCID: PMC8605143 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the loss of responsiveness to insulin, diabetes mellitus (DM) patients develop increased platelet reactivity and reduced response to antiplatelet agents. Nevertheless, the relationship between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the signal pathway gene of insulin secretion and the effect of clopidogrel is elusive. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients administered with dual-antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel, 75 mg, once daily and aspirin, 100 mg, once daily) after 5 days and completed test within 4 h. The VerifyNow P2Y12 assay was used to measure the platelet functions, and the results were expressed as a P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU). Notably, the selected SNPs were analyzed to demonstrate the functionality of genetic variants. RESULTS Analysis of the study population showed that old age, lower plasma albumin (ALB) level, higher creatinine (CREA) level, higher uric acid (UA) level, lower platelet (PLT) count, and lower plateletcrit (PCT) potentially increased the risk of clopidogrel resistance. In a single-nucleotide polymorphism rs6056209 of the PCLB1 gene, the AG genotype was a risk factor for clopidogrel resistance (p < 0.05, OR = 1.574). Similarly, the CC and AG genotype in GNAS rs7121 and CCKAR rs1800857 were protective factors (p < 0.05, OR = 0.094; p <0.05, OR = 0.491). TT was a protective factor in rs10814274 of the CREB3 gene (p < 0.05, OR = 0.444). In the RAPGEF4 gene polymorphism rs17746510, TG was the protective genotype, and the TT genotype was a risk factor for clopidogrel resistance. GCG rs5645 was confirmed; there was a relationship between genotypes containing A or G and clopidogrel resistance. CONCLUSION Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of insulin secretion signaling pathway genes trigger clopidogrel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhong
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyNingbo Second HospitalNingboChina
| | - Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal MedicineNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of CardiologyNingbo Second HospitalNingboChina
| | - Jia Su
- Department of CardiologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of GeriatricsNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of CardiologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
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Elias-Assad G, Saab R, Molnes J, Hess O, Abu-Ras R, Darawshi H, Rasmus Njølstad P, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2): Insight from an extended family. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 175:108791. [PMID: 33812904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess long-term outcome of patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) in a unique large cohort of patients with the same genetic and environmental background. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 162 patients aged 5 to 82 years, belonging to the same extended family living in the same village. All patients underwent molecular testing for the glucokinase (GCK) gene mutation identified in the proband, and were categorized into three groups (MODY2, type 2 diabetes and controls). RESULTS The 5.5-year-old proband had the c.1278_1286del mutation in the GCK and was diagnosed with MODY2. Forty-two out of 162 participants were positive for the mutation and 39 had type 2 diabetes. Patients were followed for a mean 10.2 ± 3.7 years (range 0-14). Mean fasting blood glucose and HbA1c increased significantly over the years in MODY2 patients (133 vs. 146 mg/dL; 6.9% vs. 8.2%, respectively). Increase in HbA1c occurred only in the obese/overweight subgroups. Twenty-five percent of MODY2 patients developed diabetes complications, all were above 40 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Although MODY2 commonly has a benign disease course, weight gain is a risk factor for diabetes complications, requiring life-long follow-up and in some patients, medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Janne Molnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ora Hess
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Rasmi Abu-Ras
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | - Pal Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Li C, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Z, Liu H, Tan Q. Glucose metabolism-related gene polymorphisms as the risk predictors of type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:97. [PMID: 33292424 PMCID: PMC7643457 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex polygenic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose. Multiple environmental and genetic factors can increase the risk of T2DM and its complications, and genetic polymorphisms are no exception. This review is mainly focused on the related genes involved in glucose metabolic, including G6PC2, GCK, GCKR and OCT3. In this review, we have summarized the results reported globally and found that the genetic variants of GCK and OCT3 genes is a risk factor for T2DM while G6PC2 and GCKR genes are controversial in different ethnic groups. Hopefully, this summary could possibly help researchers and physicians understand the mechanism of T2DM so as to diagnose and even prevent T2DM at early time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Laboratory Medical Center, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Qiuhong Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
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Kim HI, Ye B, Gosalia N, Köroğlu Ç, Hanson RL, Hsueh WC, Knowler WC, Baier LJ, Bogardus C, Shuldiner AR, Van Hout CV, Van Hout CV. Characterization of Exome Variants and Their Metabolic Impact in 6,716 American Indians from the Southwest US. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:251-264. [PMID: 32640185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying exome sequencing to populations with unique genetic architecture has the potential to reveal novel genes and variants associated with traits and diseases. We sequenced and analyzed the exomes of 6,716 individuals from a Southwestern American Indian (SWAI) population with well-characterized metabolic traits. We found that the SWAI population has distinct allelic architecture compared to populations of European and East Asian ancestry, and there were many predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) and nonsynonymous variants that were highly enriched or private in the SWAI population. We used pLOF and nonsynonymous variants in the SWAI population to evaluate gene-burden associations of candidate genes from European genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for type 2 diabetes, body mass index, and four major plasma lipids. We found 19 significant gene-burden associations for 11 genes, providing additional evidence for prioritizing candidate effector genes of GWAS signals. Interestingly, these associations were mainly driven by pLOF and nonsynonymous variants that are unique or highly enriched in the SWAI population. Particularly, we found four pLOF or nonsynonymous variants in APOB, APOE, PCSK9, and TM6SF2 that are private or enriched in the SWAI population and associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Their large estimated effects on LDL cholesterol levels suggest strong impacts on protein function and potential clinical implications of these variants in cardiovascular health. In summary, our study illustrates the utility and potential of exome sequencing in genetically unique populations, such as the SWAI population, to prioritize candidate effector genes within GWAS loci and to find additional variants in known disease genes with potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristopher V Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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The association of the glucokinase rs4607517 polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus and its interaction with sweets consumption in Chinese women. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:2563-2569. [PMID: 32482198 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association of the glucokinase gene (GCK) rs4607517 polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and determine whether sweets consumption could interact with the polymorphism on GDM in Chinese women. DESIGN We conducted a case-control study at a hospital including 1015 participants (562 GDM cases and 453 controls). We collected the data of pre-pregnancy BMI, sweets consumption and performed genotyping of the GCK rs4607517 polymorphism. Logistic regression was performed to test the association between the rs4607517 polymorphism and GDM, and the stratified analyses by sweets consumption were conducted, using an additive genetic model. SETTING A case-control study of women at a hospital in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS One thousand and fifteen Chinese women. RESULTS The GCK rs4607517 A allele was significantly associated with GDM (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·77; P = 0·028). Furthermore, stratified analyses showed that the A allele increased the risk of GDM only in women who had a habitual consumption of sweet foods (sweets consumption ≥ once per week) (OR 1·61, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·21; P = 0·003). Significant interaction on GDM was found between the rs4607517 A allele and sweets consumption (P = 0·004). CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time reported the interaction between the GCK rs4607517 polymorphism and sweets consumption on GDM. The results provided novel evidence for risk assessment and personalised prevention of GDM.
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O'Connor S, Julien P, Weisnagel SJ, Gagnon C, Rudkowska I. Impact of a High Intake of Dairy Product on Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperinsulinemic Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz083. [PMID: 31453424 PMCID: PMC6700456 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy product intake has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in cohort studies. However, results from clinical trials on T2D-related risk factors remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of high dairy product intake (HD) (≥4 servings/d) for 6 wk, compared with an adequate dairy product intake (AD) (≤2 servings/d), on glycemic and insulinemic parameters, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β-cell function in hyperinsulinemic adults. METHODS In this crossover clinical trial, hyperinsulinemic adults were randomly assigned to HD or AD for 6 wk, then crossed over after a 6-wk washout period. Serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR, Matsuda index, insulinogenic index, and disposition index were measured and analyzed using a repeated-measures mixed model adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Anthropometric measures were collected and food intake was evaluated using a validated FFQ. RESULTS Nineteen men and 8 women completed the study (mean ± SD age: 55 ± 14 y; BMI: 31.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2. Dairy product intake was 5.8 servings/d in the HD condition and 2.3 servings/d in the AD condition after 6 wk. No difference was observed between HD and AD after 6 wk for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS HD does not affect glycemic and insulinemic parameters, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β-cell function over AD in hyperinsulinemic adults. Additional larger and longer studies assessing T2D-related risk factors are required. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02961179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Connor
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stanley John Weisnagel
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Laval University Research Center, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Lu B, Kurmi K, Munoz-Gomez M, Jacobus Ambuludi EJ, Tonne JM, Rakshit K, Hitosugi T, Kudva YC, Matveyenko AV, Ikeda Y. Impaired β-cell glucokinase as an underlying mechanism in diet-induced diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm033316. [PMID: 29915142 PMCID: PMC6031355 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse models have been widely used to study early type 2 diabetes. Decreased β-cell glucokinase (GCK) expression has been observed in HFD-induced diabetes. However, owing to its crucial roles in glucose metabolism in the liver and in islet β-cells, the contribution of decreased GCK expression to the development of HFD-induced diabetes is unclear. Here, we employed a β-cell-targeted gene transfer vector and determined the impact of β-cell-specific increase in GCK expression on β-cell function and glucose handling in vitro and in vivo Overexpression of GCK enhanced glycolytic flux, ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation and membrane depolarization, and increased proliferation in Min6 cells. β-cell-targeted GCK transduction did not change glucose handling in chow-fed C57BL/6 mice. Although adult mice fed a HFD showed reduced islet GCK expression, impaired glucose tolerance and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), β-cell-targeted GCK transduction improved glucose tolerance and restored GSIS. Islet perifusion experiments verified restored GSIS in isolated HFD islets by GCK transduction. Thus, our data identify impaired β-cell GCK expression as an underlying mechanism for dysregulated β-cell function and glycemic control in HFD-induced diabetes. Our data also imply an etiological role of GCK in diet-induced diabetes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kiran Kurmi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Jason M Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Taro Hitosugi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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López-Gambero AJ, Martínez F, Salazar K, Cifuentes M, Nualart F. Brain Glucose-Sensing Mechanism and Energy Homeostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:769-796. [PMID: 29796992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic and energy state of the organism depends largely on the availability of substrates, such as glucose for ATP production, necessary for maintaining physiological functions. Deregulation in glucose levels leads to the appearance of pathological signs that result in failures in the cardiovascular system and various diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Particularly, the brain relies on glucose as fuel for the normal development of neuronal activity. Regions adjacent to the cerebral ventricles, such as the hypothalamus and brainstem, exercise central control in energy homeostasis. These centers house nuclei of neurons whose excitatory activity is sensitive to changes in glucose levels. Determining the different detection mechanisms, the phenotype of neurosecretion, and neural connections involving glucose-sensitive neurons is essential to understanding the response to hypoglycemia through modulation of food intake, thermogenesis, and activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, inducing glucagon and epinephrine secretion and other hypothalamic-pituitary axis-dependent counterregulatory hormones, such as glucocorticoids and growth hormone. The aim of this review focuses on integrating the current understanding of various glucose-sensing mechanisms described in the brain, thereby establishing a relationship between neuroanatomy and control of physiological processes involved in both metabolic and energy balance. This will advance the understanding of increasingly prevalent diseases in the modern world, especially diabetes, and emphasize patterns that regulate and stimulate intake, thermogenesis, and the overall synergistic effect of the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J López-Gambero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - K Salazar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - M Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Málaga, Spain.
| | - F Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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12
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Shen J, Zhu B. Integrated analysis of the gene expression profile and DNA methylation profile of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7636-7644. [PMID: 29620215 PMCID: PMC5983955 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the etiology of obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) at the molecular level, the present study investigated the gene expression and DNA methylation profiles associated with T2D via systemic analysis. Gene expression (GSE64998) and DNA methylation profiles (GSE65057) from liver tissues of healthy controls and obese patients with T2D were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially-methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using the Limma package, and their overlapping genes were additionally determined. Enrichment analysis was performed using the BioCloud platform on the DEGs and the overlapping genes. Using Cytoscape software, protein-protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor target networks and microRNA (miRNA) target networks were then constructed in order to determine associated hub genes. In addition, a further GSE15653 dataset was utilized in order to validate the DEGs identified in the GSE64998 dataset analyses. A total of 251 DEGs, including 124 upregulated and 127 downregulated genes, were detected, and a total of 9,698 genes were demonstrated to be differentially methylated in obese patients with T2D compared with non-obese healthy controls. A total of 103 overlapping genes between the two datasets were revealed, including 47 upregulated genes and 56 downregulated genes. The identified overlapping genes were revealed to be strongly associated with fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways, in addition to oxidation/reduction. The overlapping genes cyclin D1 (CCND1), PPARG coactivator α (PPARGC1A), fatty acid synthase (FASN), glucokinase (GCK), steraroyl-coA desaturase (SCD) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) had higher degrees in the PPI, transcription target networks and miRNA target networks. In addition, among the 251 DEGs, a total of 35 DEGs were validated to be being shared genes between the datasets, which included a number of key genes in the PPI network, including CCND1, FASN and TAT. Abnormal gene expression and DNA methylation patterns that were implicated in fatty acid and glucose metabolic pathways and oxidation/reduction reactions were detected in obese patients with T2D. Furthermore, the CCND1, PPARGC1A, FANS, GCK, SCD and TAT genes may serve a role in the development of obesity-associated T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shen
- Nursing Department, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Anesthesiology Department, The People's Liberation Army 100 Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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13
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Wang Y, Ding X, Tan Z, Xing K, Yang T, Wang Y, Sun D, Wang C. Genome-wide association study for reproductive traits in a Large White pig population. Anim Genet 2018; 49:127-131. [PMID: 29411893 PMCID: PMC5873431 DOI: 10.1111/age.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Using the PorcineSNP80 BeadChip, we performed a genome‐wide association study for seven reproductive traits, including total number born, number born alive, litter birth weight, average birth weight, gestation length, age at first service and age at first farrowing, in a population of 1207 Large White pigs. In total, we detected 12 genome‐wide significant and 41 suggestive significant SNPs associated with six reproductive traits. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by all significant SNPs for each trait ranged from 4.46% (number born alive) to 11.49% (gestation length). Among them, 29 significant SNPs were located within known QTL regions for swine reproductive traits, such as corpus luteum number, stillborn number and litter size, of which one QTL region associated with litter size contained the ALGA0098819 SNP for total number born. Subsequently, we found that 376 functional genes contained or were near these significant SNPs. Of these, 14 genes—BHLHA15, OCM2, IL1B2, GCK, SMAD2, HABP2, PAQR5, GRB10, PRELID2, DMKN, GPI, GPIHBP1, ADCY2 and ACVR2B—were considered important candidates for swine reproductive traits based on their critical roles in embryonic development, energy metabolism and growth development. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic mechanisms for reproductive traits and could have a positive effect on pig breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - X Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Z Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - K Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - T Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Y Wang
- Beijing Shunxin Agriculture Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101300, China
| | - D Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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14
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Willmer T, Johnson R, Louw J, Pheiffer C. Blood-Based DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes: Potential for Clinical Applications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:744. [PMID: 30564199 PMCID: PMC6288427 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to an interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The biological onset of the disease occurs long before clinical symptoms develop, thus the search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which could facilitate intervention strategies to prevent or delay disease progression, has increased considerably in recent years. Epigenetic modifications represent important links between genetic, environmental and lifestyle cues and increasing evidence implicate altered epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, the most characterized and widely studied epigenetic mechanism, in the pathogenesis of T2D. This review provides an update of the current status of DNA methylation as a biomarker for T2D. Four databases, Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar were searched for studies investigating DNA methylation in blood. Thirty-seven studies were identified, and are summarized with respect to population characteristics, biological source, and method of DNA methylation quantification (global, candidate gene or genome-wide). We highlight that differential methylation of the TCF7L2, KCNQ1, ABCG1, TXNIP, PHOSPHO1, SREBF1, SLC30A8, and FTO genes in blood are reproducibly associated with T2D in different population groups. These genes should be prioritized and replicated in longitudinal studies across more populations in future studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations faced by DNA methylation studies, which include including interpatient variability, cellular heterogeneity, and lack of accounting for study confounders. These limitations and challenges must be overcome before the implementation of blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers into a clinical setting. We emphasize the need for longitudinal prospective studies to support the robustness of the current findings of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tarryn Willmer
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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15
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Da Silva MS, Chartrand D, Vohl MC, Barbier O, Rudkowska I. Dairy Product Consumption Interacts with Glucokinase (GCK) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Insulin Resistance. J Pers Med 2017; 7:jpm7030008. [PMID: 28867816 PMCID: PMC5618154 DOI: 10.3390/jpm7030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy product intake and a person's genetic background have been reported to be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between dairy products and genes related to T2D on glucose-insulin homeostasis parameters. A validated food frequency questionnaire, fasting blood samples, and glucokinase (GCK) genotypes were analyzed in 210 healthy participants. An interaction between rs1799884 in GCK and dairy intake on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was identified. Secondly, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were grown in a high-glucose medium and incubated with either 1-dairy proteins: whey, caseins, and a mixture of whey and casein; and 2-four amino acids (AA) or mixtures of AA. The expression of GCK-related genes insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) was increased with whey protein isolate or hydrolysate. Individually, leucine increased IRS-1 expression, whereas isoleucine and valine decreased FASN expression. A branched-chain AA mixture decreased IRS-1 and FASN expression. In conclusion, carriers of the A allele for rs1799884 in the GCK gene may benefit from a higher intake of dairy products to maintain optimal insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the results show that whey proteins affect the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine S Da Silva
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center and the Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Dominic Chartrand
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center and the Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), and the School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Québec Research Centre and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec Research Center and the Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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16
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Hellwege JN, Velez Edwards DR, Acra S, Chen K, Buchowski MS, Edwards TL. Association of gene coding variation and resting metabolic rate in a multi-ethnic sample of children and adults. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 28417008 PMCID: PMC5381071 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Resting metabolic rates (RMR) vary across individuals. Understanding the determinants of RMR could provide biological insight into obesity and its metabolic consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods The present study measured RMR using reference standard indirect calorimetry and evaluated genetic variations from an exome array in a sample of children and adults (N = 262) predominantly of African and European ancestry with a wide range of ages (10 – 67 years old) and body mass indices (BMI; 16.9 – 56.3 kg/m2 for adults, 15.1 – 40.6 kg/m2 for children). Results Single variant analysis for RMR identified suggestive loci on chromosomes 15 (rs74010762, TRPM1, p-value = 2.7 × 10−6), 1 (rs2358728 and rs2358729, SH3D21, p-values < 5.8x10−5), 17 (AX-82990792, DHX33, 5.5 × 10−5) and 5 (rs115795863 and rs35433829, C5orf33 and RANBP3L, p-values < 8.2 × 10−5). To evaluate the effect of low frequency variations with RMR, we performed gene-based association tests. Our most significant locus was SH3D21 (p-value 2.01 × 10−4), which also contained suggestive results from single-variant analyses. A further investigation of all variants within the reported genes for all obesity-related loci from the GWAS catalog found nominal evidence for association of body mass index (BMI- kg/m2)-associated loci with RMR, with the most significant p-value at rs35433754 (TNKS, p-value = 0.0017). Conclusions These nominal associations were robust to adjustment for BMI. The most significant variants were also evaluated using phenome-wide association to evaluate pleiotropy, and genetically predicted gene expression using the summary statistics implicated loci related to in obesity and body composition. These results merit further examination in larger cohorts of children and adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-017-0145-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Sari Acra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
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17
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Gaffney CJ, Mansell P, Stephens FB, Macdonald IA, Tsintzas K. Exercise Metabolism in Nonobese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following the Acute Restoration of Normoglycaemia. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8248725. [PMID: 28634587 PMCID: PMC5467393 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8248725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how acute restoration of normoglycaemia affected energy metabolism during exercise in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes. Six subjects (mean ± SEM) aged 56.2 ± 2.7 years, with a BMI of 24.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2 and a VO2 peak of 28.7 ml/kg/min, attended the lab on two randomised occasions for a four-hour resting infusion of insulin or saline, followed by 30 minutes cycling at 50% VO2 peak. During the 4 h resting infusion, there was a greater (P < 0.0001) reduction in blood glucose in insulin treatment (INS) (from 11.2 ± 0.6 to 5.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l) than in saline treatment/control (CON) (from 11.5 ± 0.7 to 8.5 ± 0.6 mmol/l). This was associated with a lower (P < 0.05) resting metabolic rate in INS (3.87 ± 0.17) than in CON (4.39 ± 0.30 kJ/min). During subsequent exercise, blood glucose increased significantly in INS from 5.6 ± 0.1 at 0 min to 6.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l at 30 min (P < 0.01), which was accompanied by a lower blood lactate response (P < 0.05). Oxygen uptake, rates of substrate utilization, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between trials. Insulin-induced normoglycaemia increased blood glucose during subsequent exercise without altering overall substrate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Gaffney
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Peter Mansell
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Francis B. Stephens
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ian A. Macdonald
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- *Kostas Tsintzas:
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18
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Yang Y, Chan L. Monogenic Diabetes: What It Teaches Us on the Common Forms of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:190-222. [PMID: 27035557 PMCID: PMC4890265 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 30 genes have been linked to monogenic diabetes. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified > 50 susceptibility loci for common type 1 diabetes (T1D) and approximately 100 susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D). About 1-5% of all cases of diabetes result from single-gene mutations and are called monogenic diabetes. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of the role of monogenic diabetes genes that have also been found to be associated with common T1D and/or T2D. Variants of approximately one-third of monogenic diabetes genes are associated with T2D, but not T1D. Two of the T2D-associated monogenic diabetes genes-potassium inward-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11), which controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the β-cell; and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), which impacts multiple tissue targets in relation to inflammation and insulin sensitivity-have been developed as major antidiabetic drug targets. Another monogenic diabetes gene, the preproinsulin gene (INS), is unique in that INS mutations can cause hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia, neonatal diabetes mellitus, one type of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY10), and autoantibody-negative T1D. Dominant heterozygous INS mutations are the second most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. Moreover, INS gene variants are strongly associated with common T1D (type 1a), but inconsistently with T2D. Variants of the monogenic diabetes gene Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) are associated with both T1D and T2D. GLIS3 is a key transcription factor in insulin production and β-cell differentiation during embryonic development, which perturbation forms the basis of monogenic diabetes as well as its association with T1D. GLIS3 is also required for compensatory β-cell proliferation in adults; impairment of this function predisposes to T2D. Thus, monogenic forms of diabetes are invaluable "human models" that have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological basis of common T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.Y.), Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109; and Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.Y.), Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109; and Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center (L.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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19
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Hohenadel MG, Baier LJ, Piaggi P, Muller YL, Hanson RL, Krakoff J, Thearle MS. The impact of genetic variants on BMI increase during childhood versus adulthood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1301-9. [PMID: 27076275 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants that predispose individuals to obesity may have differing influences during childhood versus adulthood, and additive effects of such variants are likely to occur. Our ongoing studies to identify genetic determinants of obesity in American Indians have identified 67 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reproducibly associate with maximum lifetime non-diabetic body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to identify when, during the lifetime, these variants have their greatest impact on BMI increase. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 5906 Native Americans of predominantly Pima Indian heritage with repeated measures of BMI between the ages of 5 and 45 years were included in this study. The association between each SNP with the rates of BMI increase during childhood (5-19 years) and adulthood (20-45 years) were assessed separately. The significant SNPs were used to calculate a cumulative allelic risk score (ARS) for childhood and adulthood, respectively, to assess the additive effect of these variants within each period of life. RESULTS The majority of these SNPs (36 of 67) were associated with rate of BMI increase during childhood (P-value range: 0.00004-0.05), whereas only nine SNPs were associated with rate of BMI change during adulthood (P-value range: 0.002-0.02). These 36 SNPs associated with childhood BMI gain likely had a cumulative effect as a higher childhood-ARS associated with rate of BMI change (β=0.032 kg m(-2) per year per risk allele, 95% confidence interval: 0.027-0.036, P<0.0001), such that at age 19 years, individuals with the highest number of risk alleles had a BMI of 10.2 kg m(-2) greater than subjects with the lowest number of risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicates that genetic polymorphisms associated with lifetime BMI may influence the rate of BMI increase during different periods in the life course. The majority of these polymorphisms have a larger impact on BMI during childhood, providing further evidence that prevention of obesity will need to begin early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hohenadel
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - L J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - P Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Y L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - R L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M S Thearle
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Nair AK, Baier LJ. Complex Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes and Effect Size: What have We Learned from Isolated Populations? Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 12:299-319. [PMID: 27111117 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in large outbred populations have documented a complex, highly polygenic basis for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Most of the variants currently known to be associated with T2D risk have been identified in large studies that included tens of thousands of individuals who are representative of a single major ethnic group such as European, Asian, or African. However, most of these variants have only modest effects on the risk for T2D; identification of definitive 'causal variant' or 'causative loci' is typically lacking. Studies in isolated populations offer several advantages over outbred populations despite being, on average, much smaller in sample size. For example, reduced genetic variability, enrichment of rare variants, and a more uniform environment and lifestyle, which are hallmarks of isolated populations, can reduce the complexity of identifying disease-associated genes. To date, studies in isolated populations have provided valuable insight into the genetic basis of T2D by providing both a deeper understanding of previously identified T2D-associated variants (e.g. demonstrating that variants in KCNQ1 have a strong parent-of-origin effect) or providing novel variants (e.g. ABCC8 in Pima Indians, TBC1D4 in the Greenlandic population, HNF1A in Canadian Oji-Cree). This review summarizes advancements in genetic studies of T2D in outbred and isolated populations, and provides information on whether the difference in the prevalence of T2D in different populations (Pima Indians vs. non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Whites vs. non-Hispanic Blacks) can be explained by the difference in risk allele frequencies of established T2D variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Nair
- Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Baier LJ, Muller YL, Remedi MS, Traurig M, Piaggi P, Wiessner G, Huang K, Stacy A, Kobes S, Krakoff J, Bennett PH, Nelson RG, Knowler WC, Hanson RL, Nichols CG, Bogardus C. ABCC8 R1420H Loss-of-Function Variant in a Southwest American Indian Community: Association With Increased Birth Weight and Doubled Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:4322-32. [PMID: 26246406 PMCID: PMC4657583 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Missense variants in KCNJ11 and ABCC8, which encode the KIR6.2 and SUR1 subunits of the β-cell KATP channel, have previously been implicated in type 2 diabetes, neonatal diabetes, and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (HHI). To determine whether variation in these genes affects risk for type 2 diabetes or increased birth weight as a consequence of fetal hyperinsulinemia in Pima Indians, missense and common noncoding variants were analyzed in individuals living in the Gila River Indian Community. A R1420H variant in SUR1 (ABCC8) was identified in 3.3% of the population (N = 7,710). R1420H carriers had higher mean birth weights and a twofold increased risk for type 2 diabetes with a 7-year earlier onset age despite being leaner than noncarriers. One individual homozygous for R1420H was identified; retrospective review of his medical records was consistent with HHI and a diagnosis of diabetes at age 3.5 years. In vitro studies showed that the R1420H substitution decreases KATP channel activity. Identification of this loss-of-function variant in ABCC8 with a carrier frequency of 3.3% affects clinical care as homozygous inheritance and potential HHI will occur in 1/3,600 births in this American Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Yunhua Li Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Maria Sara Remedi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gregory Wiessner
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ke Huang
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Alyssa Stacy
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Peter H Bennett
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
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Tallapragada DSP, Bhaskar S, Chandak GR. New insights from monogenic diabetes for "common" type 2 diabetes. Front Genet 2015; 6:251. [PMID: 26300908 PMCID: PMC4528293 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Boundaries between monogenic and complex genetic diseases are becoming increasingly blurred, as a result of better understanding of phenotypes and their genetic determinants. This had a large impact on the way complex disease genetics is now being investigated. Starting with conventional approaches like familial linkage, positional cloning and candidate genes strategies, the scope of complex disease genetics has grown exponentially with scientific and technological advances in recent times. Despite identification of multiple loci harboring common and rare variants associated with complex diseases, interpreting and evaluating their functional role has proven to be difficult. Information from monogenic diseases, especially related to the intermediate traits associated with complex diseases comes handy. The significant overlap between traits and phenotypes of monogenic diseases with related complex diseases provides a platform to understand the disease biology better. In this review, we would discuss about one such complex disease, type 2 diabetes, which shares marked similarity of intermediate traits with different forms of monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Bhaskar
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad, India
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Yracheta JM, Lanaspa MA, Le MT, Abdelmalak MF, Alfonso J, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. Diabetes and Kidney Disease in American Indians: Potential Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:813-23. [PMID: 26046414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 20th century, a marked increase in obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease has occurred in the American Indian population, especially the Pima Indians of the Southwest. Here, we review the current epidemic and attempt to identify remediable causes. A search was performed using PubMed and the search terms American Indian and obesity, American Indian and diabetes, American Indian and chronic kidney disease, and American Indian and sugar or fructose, Native American, Alaska Native, First Nations, Aboriginal, Amerind, and Amerindian for American Indian for articles linking American Indians with diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and sugar; additional references were identified in these publications traced to 1900 and articles were reviewed if they were directly discussing these topics. Multiple factors are involved in the increased risk for diabetes and kidney disease in the American Indian population, including poverty, overnutrition, poor health care, high intake of sugar, and genetic mechanisms. Genetic factors may be especially important in the Pima, as historical records suggest that this group was predisposed to obesity before exposure to Western culture and diet. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages may also be involved in the increased risk for chronic kidney disease. In these small populations in severe health crisis, we recommend further studies to investigate the role of excess added sugar, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, as a potentially remediable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Yracheta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
| | - MyPhuong T Le
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
| | - Manal F Abdelmalak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Javier Alfonso
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO; Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology and Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
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25
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Common genetic variation in and near the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) is associated with body mass index in American Indian adults and children. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1431-41. [PMID: 25103139 PMCID: PMC4185108 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Six rare functional coding mutations were previously identified in melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in 6,760 American Indians. Individuals heterozygous for one of these mutations become obese while young. We now investigate whether common non-coding variation near MC4R also contributes to obesity. Fifty-six tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 3,229 full-heritage Pima Indians, and nine of these SNPs which showed evidence for association were genotyped in additional 3,852 mixed-heritage American Indians. Associations of SNPs with maximum body mass index (BMI) in adulthood (n = 5,918), BMI z score in childhood (n = 5,350), percent body fat (n = 864), energy expenditure (n = 358) and ad libitum food intake (n = 178) were assessed. Conditional analyses demonstrated that SNPs, rs74861148 and rs483125, were independently associated with BMI in adulthood (β = 0.68 kg/m2 per risk allele, p = 5 × 10−5; β = 0.58 kg/m2, p = 0.002, respectively) and BMI z score in childhood (β = 0.05, p = 0.02; β = 0.07, p = 0.01, respectively). One haplotype (frequency = 0.35) of the G allele at rs74861148 and the A allele at rs483125 provided the strongest evidence for association with adult BMI (β = 0.89 kg/m2, p = 5.5 × 10−7), and was also associated with childhood BMI z score (β = 0.08, p = 0.001). In addition, a promoter SNP rs11872992 was nominally associated with adult BMI (β = 0.61 kg/m2, p = 0.05) and childhood BMI z score (β = 0.11, p = 0.01), where the risk allele also modestly decreased transcription in vitro by 12 % (p = 0.005). This risk allele was further associated with increased percent body fat (β = 2.2 %, p = 0.002), increased food intake (β = 676 kcal/day, p = 0.007) and decreased energy expenditure (β = −53.4 kcal/day, p = 0.054). Common and rare variation in MC4R contributes to obesity in American Indians.
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