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Guan L, Ge R, Ma S. Newsights of endoplasmic reticulum in hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116812. [PMID: 38781866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important to cells because of its essential functions, including synthesizing three major nutrients and ion transport. When cellular homeostasis is disrupted, ER quality control (ERQC) system is activated effectively to remove misfolded and unfolded proteins through ER-phagy, ER-related degradation (ERAD), and molecular chaperones. When unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress are activated, the cell may be suffering a huge blow, and the most probable consequence is apoptosis. The membrane contact points between the ER and sub-organelles contribute to communication between the organelles. The decrease in oxygen concentration affects the morphology and structure of the ER, thereby affecting its function and further disrupting the stable state of cells, leading to the occurrence of disease. In this study, we describe the functions of ER-, ERQC-, and ER-related membrane contact points and their changes under hypoxia, which will help us further understand ER and treat ER-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guan
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Court-Vazquez BL, Arroyo-Vizcarrondo SA, Poli JA, Nyman L, Halderman K, Ginter A, Desprez PY. Cell type-dependent modulation of senescence features using Weo electrolyzed water. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7523-7534. [PMID: 38696307 PMCID: PMC11131983 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyzed-reduced water has powerful antioxidant properties with constituents that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be produced by several intrinsic and extrinsic processes. When there is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress occurs. Persistent oxidative stress leads to cellular senescence, an important hallmark of aging, and is involved in several age-related conditions and illnesses. This study aims to investigate whether Weo electrolyzed water (WEW) could modulate the phenotype of senescent cells. We compared normal human lung fibroblasts (BJ) and breast cancer cells (T47D) treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce senescence. We assessed the molecular impact of WEW on markers of cellular senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and stress response genes. Treatment with WEW modulated markers of cellular senescence, such as the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, EdU incorporation and p21 expression, similarly in both cell types. However, WEW modulated the expression of SASP factors and stress response genes in a cell type-dependent and opposite fashion, significantly decreasing them in BJ cells, while stimulating their expression in T47D cells. Reduction in the expression of SASP factors and stress-related genes in BJ cells suggests that WEW acts as a protective factor, thereby reducing oxidative stress in normal cells, while making cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of cellular stress, thus increasing their elimination and consequently reducing their deleterious effects. These findings suggest that, due to its differential effects as a senomorphic factor, WEW could have a positive impact on longevity and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan A. Poli
- Weo LLC, Research and Development Department, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lara Nyman
- Weo LLC, Research and Development Department, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kelly Halderman
- Weo LLC, Research and Development Department, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anthony Ginter
- Weo LLC, Research and Development Department, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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3
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Yamagata K, Tsuyama T, Sato Y. Roles of β-Cell Hypoxia in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4186. [PMID: 38673770 PMCID: PMC11050445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia; impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is a hallmark of this disease. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia occurs in the β-cells of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypoxia, in turn, contributes to the insulin secretion defect and β-cell loss through various mechanisms, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, induction of transcriptional repressors, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the contribution of β-cell hypoxia to the development of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of β-cell hypoxia might be useful in the development of new strategies for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
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Rahane D, Dhingra T, Chalavady G, Datta A, Ghosh B, Rana N, Borah A, Saraf S, Bhattacharya P. Hypoxia and its effect on the cellular system. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3940. [PMID: 38379257 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Rahane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tannu Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Guruswami Chalavady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bijoyani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Sue N, Thai LM, Saito A, Boyer CK, Fordham AM, Yan C, Davenport A, Tao J, Bensellam M, Cantley J, Shi YC, Stephens SB, Imaizumi K, Biden TJ. Independent activation of CREB3L2 by glucose fills a regulatory gap in mouse β-cells by co-ordinating insulin biosynthesis with secretory granule formation. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101845. [PMID: 38013154 PMCID: PMC10755490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although individual steps have been characterized, there is little understanding of the overall process whereby glucose co-ordinates the biosynthesis of insulin with its export out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and incorporation into insulin secretory granules (ISGs). Here we investigate a role for the transcription factor CREB3L2 in this context. METHODS MIN6 cells and mouse islets were analysed by immunoblotting after treatment with glucose, fatty acids, thapsigargin and various inhibitors. Knockdown of CREB3L2 was achieved using si or sh constructs by transfection, or viral delivery. In vivo metabolic phenotyping was conducted after deletion of CREB3L2 in β-cells of adult mice using Ins1-CreER+. Islets were isolated for RNAseq and assays of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Trafficking was monitored in islet monolayers using a GFP-tagged proinsulin construct that allows for synchronised release from the ER. RESULTS With a Km ≈3.5 mM, glucose rapidly (T1/2 0.9 h) increased full length (FL) CREB3L2 followed by a slower rise (T1/2 2.5 h) in its transcriptionally-active cleavage product, P60 CREB3L2. Glucose stimulation repressed the ER stress marker, CHOP, and this was partially reverted by knockdown of CREB3L2. Activation of CREB3L2 by glucose was not due to ER stress, however, but a combination of O-GlcNAcylation, which impaired proteasomal degradation of FL-CREB3L2, and mTORC1 stimulation, which enhanced its conversion to P60. cAMP generation also activated CREB3L2, but independently of glucose. Deletion of CREB3L2 inhibited GSIS ex vivo and, following a high-fat diet (HFD), impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in vivo. RNAseq revealed that CREB3L2 regulated genes controlling trafficking to-and-from the Golgi, as well as a broader cohort associated with β-cell compensation during a HFD. Although post-Golgi trafficking appeared intact, knockdown of CREB3L2 impaired the generation of both nascent ISGs and proinsulin condensates in the Golgi, implying a defect in ER export of proinsulin and/or its processing in the Golgi. CONCLUSION The stimulation of CREB3L2 by glucose defines a novel, rapid and direct mechanism for co-ordinating the synthesis, packaging and storage of insulin, thereby minimizing ER overload and optimizing β-cell function under conditions of high secretory demand. Upregulation of CREB3L2 also potentially contributes to the benefits of GLP1 agonism and might in itself constitute a novel means of treating β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sue
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Le May Thai
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Cierra K Boyer
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Ashleigh M Fordham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aimee Davenport
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jiang Tao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - James Cantley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Sepyani S, Momenzadeh S, Safabakhsh S, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Therapeutic approaches for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising cell-based approaches to achieve ultimate success. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:23-33. [PMID: 37977308 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic β-cells destruction. Despite substantial advances in T1DM treatment, lifelong exogenous insulin administration is the mainstay of treatments, and constant control of glucose levels is still a challenge. Endogenous insulin production by replacing insulin-producing cells is an alternative, but the lack of suitable donors is accounted as one of the main obstacles to its widespread application. The research and trials overview demonstrates that endogenous production of insulin has started to go beyond the deceased-derived to stem cells-derived insulin-producing cells. Several protocols have been developed over the past couple of years for generating insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various stem cell types and reprogramming fully differentiated cells. A straightforward and quick method for achieving this goal is to investigate and apply the β-cell specific transcription factors as a direct strategy for IPCs generation. In this review, we emphasize the significance of transcription factors in IPCs development from different non-beta cell sources, and pertinent research underlies the marked progress in the methods for generating insulin-producing cells and application for Type 1 Diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sepyani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saied Safabakhsh
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, 736 Route 4, Suite 103, Sinajana, GU 96910, United States
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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7
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Kale A, Rogers NM. No Time to Die-How Islets Meet Their Demise in Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050796. [PMID: 36899932 PMCID: PMC10000424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents an effective treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe hypoglycaemia unawareness, capable of circumventing impaired counterregulatory pathways that no longer provide protection against low blood glucose levels. The additional beneficial effect of normalizing metabolic glycaemic control is the minimisation of further complications related to T1DM and insulin administration. However, patients require allogeneic islets from up to three donors, and the long-term insulin independence is inferior to that achieved with solid organ (whole pancreas) transplantation. This is likely due to the fragility of islets caused by the isolation process, innate immune responses following portal infusion, auto- and allo-immune-mediated destruction and β-cell exhaustion following transplantation. This review covers the specific challenges related to islet vulnerability and dysfunction that affect long-term cell survival following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva Kale
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Barrabi C, Zhang K, Liu M, Chen X. Pancreatic beta cell ER export in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1155779. [PMID: 37152949 PMCID: PMC10160654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1155779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the secretory pathway of the pancreatic beta cell, proinsulin and other secretory granule proteins are first produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Beta cell ER homeostasis is vital for normal beta cell functions and is maintained by the delicate balance between protein synthesis, folding, export and degradation. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to beta cell death and diabetes. Among the four components to maintain ER homeostasis, the role of ER export in insulin biogenesis or beta cell survival was not well-understood. COPII (coat protein complex II) dependent transport is a conserved mechanism for most cargo proteins to exit ER and transport to Golgi apparatus. Emerging evidence began to reveal a critical role of COPII-dependent ER export in beta cells. In this review, we will first discuss the basic components of the COPII transport machinery, the regulation of cargo entry and COPII coat assembly in mammalian cells, and the general concept of receptor-mediated cargo sorting in COPII vesicles. On the basis of these general discussions, the current knowledge and recent developments specific to the beta cell COPII dependent ER export are summarized under normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Barrabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuequn Chen,
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Urbanczyk M, Jeyagaran A, Zbinden A, Lu CE, Marzi J, Kuhlburger L, Nahnsen S, Layland SL, Duffy G, Schenke-Layland K. Decorin improves human pancreatic β-cell function and regulates ECM expression in vitro. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:160-183. [PMID: 36592738 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is a promising alternative treatment strategy in severe cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, the success rate is limited by the survival rate of the cells post-transplantation. Restoration of the native pancreatic niche during transplantation potentially can help to improve cell viability and function. Here, we assessed for the first time the regulatory role of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin (DCN) in insulin secretion in human β-cells, and its impact on pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression in vitro. In depth analyses utilizing next-generation sequencing as well as Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging identified pathways related to glucose metabolism to be upregulated in DCN-treated cells, including oxidative phosphorylation within the mitochondria as well as proteins and lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum. We further showed the effectiveness of DCN in a transplantation setting by treating collagen type 1-encapsulated β-cell-containing pseudo-islets with DCN. Taken together, in this study, we demonstrate the potential of DCN to improve the function of insulin-secreting β-cells while reducing the expression of ECM proteins affiliated with fibrotic capsule formation, making DCN a highly promising therapeutic agent for islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laurence Kuhlburger
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garry Duffy
- Discipline of Anatomy and the Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Advanced Materials for Biomedical Engineering (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Role of the Hypoxia-Related Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4870. [PMID: 36230792 PMCID: PMC9562011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite our understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, the crosstalk between the UPR and the complex signaling networks that different cancers utilize for cell survival remains to be, in most cases, a difficult research barrier. A major problem is the constant variability of different cancer types and the different stages of cancer as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironments (TME). This complexity often leads to apparently contradictory results. Furthermore, the majority of the studies that have been conducted have utilized two-dimensional in vitro cultures of cancer cells that were exposed to continuous hypoxia, and this approach may not mimic the dynamic and cyclic conditions that are found in solid tumors. Here, we discuss the role of intermittent hypoxia, one of inducers of the UPR in the cellular component of TME, and the way in which intermittent hypoxia induces high levels of reactive oxygen species, the activation of the UPR, and the way in which cancer cells modulate the UPR to aid in their survival. Although the past decade has resulted in defining the complex, novel non-coding RNA-based regulatory networks that modulate the means by which hypoxia influences the UPR, we are now just to beginning to understand some of the connections between hypoxia, the UPR, and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Hypoxia Selectively Increases a SMAD3 Signaling Axis to Promote Cancer Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112751. [PMID: 35681731 PMCID: PMC9179584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a paradoxical role in cancer, first inhibiting then promoting its progression, a duality that poses a real challenge for the development of effective TGFβ-targeted therapies. The major TGFβ downstream effectors, SMAD2 and SMAD3, display both distinct and overlapping functions and accumulating evidence suggests that their activation ratio may contribute to the dual effect of TGFβ. However, the mechanisms responsible for their selective activation remain poorly understood. Here, we provide experimental evidence that hypoxia induces the pro-invasive arm of TGFβ signaling through a selective increase in SMAD3 interaction with SMAD-Anchor for Receptor Activation (SARA). This event relies on HDAC6-dependent SMAD3 bioavailability, as well as increased SARA recruitment to EEA1+ endosomes. A motility gene expression study indicated that SMAD3 selectively increased the expression of ITGB2 and VIM, two genes that were found to be implicated in hypoxia-induced cell invasion and associated with tumor progression and metastasis in cohorts of cancer patients. Furthermore, CAM xenograft assays show the significant benefit of selective inhibition of the SMAD3 signaling pathway as opposed to global TGFβ inhibition in preventing tumor progression. Overall, these results suggest that fine-tuning of the pro-invasive HDAC6-SARA-SMAD3 axis could be a better strategy towards effective cancer treatments.
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Bajaj R, Warner AN, Fradette JF, Gibbons DL. Dance of The Golgi: Understanding Golgi Dynamics in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:1484. [PMID: 35563790 PMCID: PMC9102947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is at the center of protein processing and trafficking in normal cells. Under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, aberrant Golgi dynamics alter the tumor microenvironment and the immune landscape, which enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Among these changes in the Golgi in cancer include altered Golgi orientation and morphology that contribute to atypical Golgi function in protein trafficking, post-translational modification, and exocytosis. Golgi-associated gene mutations are ubiquitous across most cancers and are responsible for modifying Golgi function to become pro-metastatic. The pharmacological targeting of the Golgi or its associated genes has been difficult in the clinic; thus, studying the Golgi and its role in cancer is critical to developing novel therapeutic agents that limit cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we aim to discuss how disrupted Golgi function in cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Bajaj
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda N. Warner
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jared F. Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Involvement of Sec71 and Ubp2 in tunicamycin-induced ER stress response in the fission yeast. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4719-4726. [PMID: 35474054 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cellular environment result in ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR alleviates ER stress and restores homeostasis, but it triggers cell death under prolonged stress. Here, we aimed to investigate the involvement of Sec71, an Arf-GEF involved in vesicular transport, in the tunicamycin-induced ER stress response. Since deubiquitinases and ER stress are known to be closely linked, we investigated this response by evaluating the potential role of Ubp2, a deubiquitinase, in the ER stress response in fission yeast. METHODS AND RESULTS Tunicamycin-induced ER stress responses were assessed by analyzing cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular oxidation levels, and proteasomal activities in sec71 and ubp2-deficient cells. The cell viability of Δsec71 and Δubp2 decreased after exposure to 0.5 µg/mL tunicamycin. Deleting either ubp2 or sec71 genes significantly decreased proteasomal activity and sensitized cells to ER stress, resulting in increased apoptosis compared with wild-type cells after tunicamycin treatment. DCFDA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) reduction increased in correlation with apoptosis observed in the mutant cells, indicating higher levels of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the involvement of S. pombe Ubp2 in the known role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the ER stress response. We hypothesise that Sec71 is associated with ER homeostasis, and our findings on Sec71 provide new insight into the regulation of cell death mechanisms arising from the ER stress.
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14
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Preisendörfer S, Ishikawa Y, Hennen E, Winklmeier S, Schupp JC, Knüppel L, Fernandez IE, Binzenhöfer L, Flatley A, Juan-Guardela BM, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Frankenberger M, Hatz RA, Kneidinger N, Behr J, Feederle R, Schepers A, Hilgendorff A, Kaminski N, Meinl E, Bächinger HP, Eickelberg O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. FK506-Binding Protein 11 Is a Novel Plasma Cell-Specific Antibody Folding Catalyst with Increased Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:1341. [PMID: 35456020 PMCID: PMC9027113 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are central effectors of the adaptive immune response, widespread used therapeutics, but also potentially disease-causing biomolecules. Antibody folding catalysts in the plasma cell are incompletely defined. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic lung disease with increasingly recognized autoimmune features. We found elevated expression of FK506-binding protein 11 (FKBP11) in IPF lungs where FKBP11 specifically localized to antibody-producing plasma cells. Suggesting a general role in plasma cells, plasma cell-specific FKBP11 expression was equally observed in lymphatic tissues, and in vitro B cell to plasma cell differentiation was accompanied by induction of FKBP11 expression. Recombinant human FKBP11 was able to refold IgG antibody in vitro and inhibited by FK506, strongly supporting a function as antibody peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Induction of ER stress in cell lines demonstrated induction of FKBP11 in the context of the unfolded protein response in an X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1)-dependent manner. While deficiency of FKBP11 increased susceptibility to ER stress-mediated cell death in an alveolar epithelial cell line, FKBP11 knockdown in an antibody-producing hybridoma cell line neither induced cell death nor decreased expression or secretion of IgG antibody. Similarly, antibody secretion by the same hybridoma cell line was not affected by knockdown of the established antibody peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin B. The results are consistent with FKBP11 as a novel XBP1-regulated antibody peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and indicate significant redundancy in the ER-resident folding machinery of antibody-producing hybridoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Preisendörfer
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.I.); (H.P.B.)
| | - Elisabeth Hennen
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.W.); (E.M.)
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Larissa Knüppel
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Isis E. Fernandez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Leonhard Binzenhöfer
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Brenda M. Juan-Guardela
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik II, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik II, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Rudolf A. Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.W.); (E.M.)
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.I.); (H.P.B.)
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Claudia A. Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
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15
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Ahmed HH, Aglan HA, Mahmoud NS, Aly RM. Preconditioned human dental pulp stem cells with cerium and yttrium oxide nanoparticles effectively ameliorate diabetic hyperglycemia while combatting hypoxia. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101661. [PMID: 34656024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient insulin producing cells (IPC) induction system is fundamental for the regenerative clinical applications targeting Diabetes Mellitus. This study was set to generate IPC from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) capable of surviving under hypoxic conditions in vitro and in vivo. METHODS hDPSCs were cultured in IPCs induction media augmented with Cerium or Yttrium oxide nanoparticles along with selected growth factors & cytokines. The generated IPC were subjected to hypoxic stress in vitro to evaluate the ability of the nanoparticles to combat hypoxia. Next, they were labelled and implanted into diabetic rats. Twenty eight days later, blood glucose and serum insulin levels, hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were measured. Pancreatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pancreatic duodenal homeobox1 (Pdx-1), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and Caspase-3 genes expression level were evaluated. RESULTS hDPSCs were successfully differentiated into IPCs after incubation with the inductive media enriched with nanoparticles. The generated IPCs released significant amounts of insulin in response to increasing glucose concentration both in vitro & in vivo. The generated IPCs showed up-regulation in the expression levels of anti-apoptotic genes in concomitant with down-regulation in the expression levels of hypoxic, and apoptotic genes. The in vivo study confirmed the homing of PKH-26-labeled cells in pancreas of treated groups. A significant up-regulation in the expression of pancreatic VEGF and PDX-1 genes associated with significant down-regulation in the expression of pancreatic HIF-1α and caspase-3 was evident. CONCLUSION The achieved results highlight the promising role of the Cerium & Yttrium oxide nanoparticles in promoting the generation of IPCs that have the ability to combat hypoxia and govern diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia S Mahmoud
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Riham M Aly
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Basic Dental Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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16
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Sharma RB, Landa-Galván HV, Alonso LC. Living Dangerously: Protective and Harmful ER Stress Responses in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:2431-2443. [PMID: 34711668 PMCID: PMC8564401 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing cause of poor health, psychosocial burden, and economic costs worldwide. The pancreatic β-cell is a cornerstone of metabolic physiology. Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, which was fatal before the availability of therapeutic insulins; even partial deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes in the context of insulin resistance. Comprising only an estimated 1 g or <1/500th of a percent of the human body mass, pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans are a vulnerable link in metabolism. Proinsulin production constitutes a major load on β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and decompensated ER stress is a cause of β-cell failure and loss in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D. The unfolded protein response (UPR), the principal ER stress response system, is critical for maintenance of β-cell health. Successful UPR guides expansion of ER protein folding capacity and increased β-cell number through survival pathways and cell replication. However, in some cases the ER stress response can cause collateral β-cell damage and may even contribute to diabetes pathogenesis. Here we review the known beneficial and harmful effects of UPR pathways in pancreatic β-cells. Improved understanding of this stress response tipping point may lead to approaches to maintain β-cell health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huguet V Landa-Galván
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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17
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Chan JY, Bensellam M, Lin RCY, Liang C, Lee K, Jonas JC, Laybutt DR. Transcriptome analysis of islets from diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone obese mice reveals novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21608. [PMID: 33977593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning beta-cell compensation for obesity-associated insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes remain poorly understood. We used a large-scale strategy to determine the time-dependent transcriptomic changes in islets of diabetes-prone db/db and diabetes-resistant ob/ob mice at 6 and 16 weeks of age. Differentially expressed genes were subjected to cluster, gene ontology, pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. A distinctive gene expression pattern was observed in 16 week db/db islets in comparison to the other groups with alterations in transcriptional regulators of islet cell identity, upregulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, and various stress response genes, and downregulation of specific amino acid transport and metabolism genes. In contrast, ob/ob islets displayed a coordinated downregulation of metabolic and stress response genes at 6 weeks of age, suggestive of a preemptive reconfiguration in these islets to lower the threshold of metabolic activation in response to increased insulin demand thereby preserving beta-cell function and preventing cellular stress. In addition, amino acid transport and metabolism genes were upregulated in ob/ob islets, suggesting an important role of glutamate metabolism in beta-cell compensation. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes identified the enrichment of binding motifs for transcription factors, FOXO4, NFATC1, and MAZ. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these genes in MIN6 cells altered cell death, insulin secretion, and stress gene expression. In conclusion, these data revealed novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. Preemptive metabolic reconfiguration in diabetes-resistant islets may dampen metabolic activation and cellular stress during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Liang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kailun Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Migliorini A, Nostro MC, Sneddon JB. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells: A regenerative medicine perspective. Cell Metab 2021; 33:721-731. [PMID: 33826915 PMCID: PMC8117263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the last two decades in the field of pancreatic beta cell replacement therapy as a curative measure for diabetes. Transplantation studies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy, and cGMP-grade cell products are currently being deployed for the first time in human clinical trials. In this perspective, we discuss current challenges surrounding the generation, delivery, and engraftment of stem cell-derived islet-like cells, along with strategies to induce durable tolerance to grafted cells, with an eye toward a functional cellular-based therapy enabling insulin independence for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Migliorini
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Toronto General Hospital, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Hypoxia can be defined as a relative deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of the mammalian response to hypoxia. In normal circumstances, HIF-1α protein turnover is rapid, and hyperglycemia further destabilizes the protein. In addition to their role in diabetes pathogenesis, HIFs are implicated in development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Improving glucose control in people with diabetes increases HIF-1α protein and has wide-ranging benefits, some of which are at least partially mediated by HIF-1α. Nevertheless, most strategies to improve diabetes or its complications via regulation of HIF-1α have not currently proven to be clinically useful. The intersection of HIF biology with diabetes is a complex area in which many further questions remain, especially regarding the well-conducted studies clearly describing discrepant effects of different methods of increasing HIF-1α, even within the same tissues. This Review presents a brief overview of HIFs; discusses the range of evidence implicating HIFs in β cell dysfunction, diabetes pathogenesis, and diabetes complications; and examines the differing outcomes of HIF-targeting approaches in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Kim JJ, Lee E, Ryu GR, Ko SH, Ahn YB, Song KH. Hypoxia Increases β-Cell Death by Activating Pancreatic Stellate Cells within the Islet. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:919-927. [PMID: 32431113 PMCID: PMC7801750 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can occur in pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated during hypoxia. Here we aimed to investigate whether PSCs within the islet are also activated in hypoxia, causing β-cell injury. METHODS Islet and primary PSCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, and cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2). The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as measured by immunostaining and Western blotting, was used as a marker of PSC activation. Conditioned media (hypoxia-CM) were obtained from PSCs cultured in hypoxia. RESULTS Islets and PSCs cultured in hypoxia exhibited higher expressions of α-SMA than did those cultured in normoxia. Hypoxia increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated the hypoxia-induced PSC activation in islets and PSCs. Islets cultured in hypoxia-CM showed a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSION PSCs within the islet are activated in hypoxia through oxidative stress and promote islet cell death, suggesting that hypoxia-induced PSC activation may contribute to β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Esder Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryul Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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IRE1 Endoribonuclease Activity Modulates Hypoxic HIF-1α Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060895. [PMID: 32545307 PMCID: PMC7355874 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of hypoxia and the induction of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the cancer microenvironment are well characterized, their roles and relationship in normal human endothelium are less clear. Here, we examined the effects of IRE1 on HIF-1α protein levels during hypoxia in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results demonstrated that HIF-1α levels peaked at 6 h of hypoxia along with two of their target genes, GLUT1 and VEGFA, whereas at up to 12 h of hypoxia the mRNA levels of markers of the UPR, IRE1, XBP1s, BiP, and CHOP, did not increase, suggesting that the UPR was not activated. Interestingly, the siRNA knockdown of IRE1 or inhibition of IRE1 endonuclease activity with 4µ8C during hypoxia significantly reduced HIF-1α protein without affecting HIF1A mRNA expression. The inhibition of the endonuclease activity with 4µ8C in two other primary endothelial cells during hypoxia, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells and human aortic endothelial cells showed the same reduction in the HIF-1α protein. Surprisingly, the siRNA knockdown of XBP1s during hypoxia did not decrease the HIF1α protein levels, indicating that the IRE1-mediated effect on stabilizing the HIF1α protein levels was XBP1s-independent. The studies presented here, therefore, provide evidence that IRE1 activity during hypoxia increases the protein levels of HIF1α in an XBP1s-independent manner.
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Hanschmann EM, Petry SF, Eitner S, Maresch CC, Lingwal N, Lillig CH, Linn T. Paracrine regulation and improvement of β-cell function by thioredoxin. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101570. [PMID: 32473461 PMCID: PMC7260591 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of insulin-producing β-cells is the underlying cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. β-cell decay has been linked to hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) proteins are major actors in redox signaling and essential for signal transduction and the cellular stress response. We have analyzed the cytosolic, mitochondrial, and extracellular Trx system proteins in hypoxic and cytokine-induced stress using β-cell culture, isolated pancreatic islets, and pancreatic islet transplantation modelling low oxygen supply. Protein levels of cytosolic Trx1 and Trx reductase (TrxR) 1 significantly decreased, while mitochondrial Trx2 and TrxR2 increased upon hypoxia and reoxygenation. Interestingly, Trx1 was secreted by β-cells during hypoxia. Moreover, murine and human pancreatic islet grafts released Trx1 upon glucose stimulation. Survival of transplanted islets was substantially impaired by the TrxR inhibitor auranofin. Since a release was prominent upon hypoxia, putative paracrine effects of Trx1 on β-cells were examined. In fact, exogenously added recombinant hTrx1 mitigated apoptosis and preserved glucose sensitivity in pancreatic islets subjected to hypoxia and inflammatory stimuli, dependent on its redox activity. Human subjects were studied, demonstrating a transient increase in extracellular Trx1 in serum after glucose challenge. This increase correlated with better pancreatic islet function. Moreover, hTrx1 inhibited the migration of primary murine macrophages. In conclusion, our study offers evidence for paracrine functions of extracellular Trx1 that improve the survival and function of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Eitner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Neelam Lingwal
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Center of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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NLRP3 Inflammasome is Activated in Rat Pancreatic Islets by Transplantation and Hypoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7011. [PMID: 32332867 PMCID: PMC7181690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, IL-1β production and oxidative stress are involved in islet graft dysfunction and destruction. However, the link between these events has not yet been determined in transplanted islets. The goal of this study was to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome is responsible for IL-1β production and if it is activated by hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in transplanted islets. Rat islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice. At different times post-transplantation, blood samples were collected and islet grafts harvested. Rat islets were also incubated in vitro either under normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h, in the absence or presence of inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome (CASP1 inhibitor) or oxidative stress (NAC). NLRP3, CASP1, IL1B, BBC3 pro-apoptotic and BCL2 anti-apoptotic genes in transplanted and in vitro incubated islets were then studied using real time PCR. IL-1β released in the blood and in the supernatant was quantified by ELISA. Cell death was analysed by propidium iodide and Annexin-V staining. NLRP3, CASP1 and BBC3 in transplanted rat islets and IL-1β in blood transiently increased during the first days after transplantation. In islets incubated under hypoxia, NRLP3, IL1B and CASP1 and IL-1β released in supernatant increased compared to islets incubated under normoxia. These effects were prevented by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by CASP1 or oxidative stress by NAC. However, these inhibitors did not prevent hypoxia-induced rat islet death. These data show that NLRP3 inflammasome in rat islets is transiently activated after their transplantation and induced through oxidative stress in vitro. However, NRLP3 inflammasome inhibition does not protect islet cells against hypoxia.
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Bartoszewska S, Collawn JF. Unfolded protein response (UPR) integrated signaling networks determine cell fate during hypoxia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:18. [PMID: 32190062 PMCID: PMC7071609 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxic conditions, cells undergo critical adaptive responses that include the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible proteins (HIFs) and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). While their induced signaling pathways have many distinct targets, there are some important connections as well. Despite the extensive studies on both of these signaling pathways, the exact mechanisms involved that determine survival versus apoptosis remain largely unexplained and therefore beyond therapeutic control. Here we discuss the complex relationship between the HIF and UPR signaling pathways and the importance of understanding how these pathways differ between normal and cancer cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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25
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Ginsenoside Rg1 and the control of inflammation implications for the therapy of type 2 diabetes: A review of scientific findings and call for further research. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Bensellam M, Shi YC, Chan JY, Laybutt DR, Chae H, Abou-Samra M, Pappas EG, Thomas HE, Gilon P, Jonas JC. Metallothionein 1 negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is differentially expressed in conditions of beta cell compensation and failure in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2273-2286. [PMID: 31624901 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The mechanisms responsible for beta cell compensation in obesity and for beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes are poorly defined. The mRNA levels of several metallothionein (MT) genes are upregulated in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes, but their role in beta cells is not clear. Here we examined: (1) the temporal changes of islet Mt1 and Mt2 gene expression in mouse models of beta cell compensation and failure; and (2) the role of Mt1 and Mt2 in beta cell function and glucose homeostasis in mice. METHODS Mt1 and Mt2 expression was assessed in islets from: (1) control lean (chow diet-fed) and diet-induced obese (high-fat diet-fed for 6 weeks) mice; (2) mouse models of diabetes (db/db mice) at 6 weeks old (prediabetes) and 16 weeks old (after diabetes onset) and age-matched db/+ (control) mice; and (3) obese non-diabetic ob/ob mice (16-week-old) and age-matched ob/+ (control) mice. MT1E, MT1X and MT2A expression was assessed in islets from humans with and without type 2 diabetes. Mt1-Mt2 double-knockout (KO) mice, transgenic mice overexpressing Mt1 under the control of its natural promoter (Tg-Mt1) and corresponding control mice were also studied. In MIN6 cells, MT1 and MT2 were inhibited by small interfering RNAs. mRNA levels were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, plasma insulin and islet MT levels by ELISA, glucose tolerance by i.p. glucose tolerance tests and overnight fasting-1 h refeeding tests, insulin tolerance by i.p. insulin tolerance tests, insulin secretion by RIA, cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration with Fura-2 leakage resistant (Fura-2 LR), cytosolic free Zn2+ concentration with Fluozin-3, and NAD(P)H by autofluorescence. RESULTS Mt1 and Mt2 mRNA levels were reduced in islets of murine models of beta cell compensation, whereas they were increased in diabetic db/db mice. In humans, MT1X mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes in comparison with non-diabetic donors, while MT1E and MT2A mRNA levels were unchanged. Ex vivo, islet Mt1 and Mt2 mRNA and MT1 and MT2 protein levels were downregulated after culture with glucose at 10-30 mmol/l vs 2-5 mmol/l, in association with increased insulin secretion. In human islets, mRNA levels of MT1E, MT1X and MT2A were downregulated by stimulation with physiological and supraphysiological levels of glucose. In comparison with wild-type (WT) mice, Mt1-Mt2 double-KO mice displayed improved glucose tolerance in association with increased insulin levels and enhanced insulin release from isolated islets. In contrast, isolated islets from Tg-Mt1 mice displayed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In both Mt1-Mt2 double-KO and Tg-Mt1 models, the changes in GSIS occurred despite similar islet insulin content, rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and NAD(P)H levels, or intracellular Zn2+ concentration vs WT mice. In MIN6 cells, knockdown of MT1 but not MT2 potentiated GSIS, suggesting that Mt1 rather than Mt2 affects beta cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings implicate Mt1 as a negative regulator of insulin secretion. The downregulation of Mt1 is associated with beta cell compensation in obesity, whereas increased Mt1 accompanies beta cell failure and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bensellam
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 - B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heeyoung Chae
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 - B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Abou-Samra
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 - B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evan G Pappas
- St Vincent's Institute, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 - B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55 - B1.55.06, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Benej M, Danchenko M, Oveckova I, Cervenak F, Tomaska L, Grossmannova K, Polcicova K, Golias T, Tomaskova J. Quantitative Proteomics Reveal Peroxiredoxin Perturbation Upon Persistent Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Human Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2438. [PMID: 31708904 PMCID: PMC6823195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data indicate that during persistent infection, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) may both directly or indirectly modulate regulatory cellular processes and alter cellular functions that are not critical for survival, but are essential for cell homeostasis. In order to shed more light on these processes, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and MALDI-TOF tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the proteome response of the HeLa cell line to persistent LCMV infection. Quantitative analysis revealed 24 differentially abundant proteins. Functional analysis showed that LCMV-responsive proteins were primarily involved in metabolism, stress, and the defense response. Among identified proteins, we discovered significant changes for peroxiredoxins, a family of antioxidant enzymes. Decreased amount of these antioxidant proteins correlated with elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells. Increased levels of ROS were accompanied by changes in the pattern of telomere restriction fragments (TRFs) in infected cells and mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants resulted in reduced levels of viral nucleoprotein, indicating a connection between ROS-dependent signaling and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Benej
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Oveckova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Cervenak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomir Tomaska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Grossmannova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Polcicova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tereza Golias
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tomaskova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Saravanan PB, Vasu S, Yoshimatsu G, Darden CM, Wang X, Gu J, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Differential expression and release of exosomal miRNAs by human islets under inflammatory and hypoxic stress. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1901-1914. [PMID: 31372667 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic islets produce non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate islet cell function and survival. Our earlier investigations revealed that human islets undergo significant damage due to various types of stresses following transplantation and release miRNAs. Here, we sought to identify and validate exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) produced by human islets under conditions of cellular stress, preceding loss of cell function and death. We also aimed to identify islet stress signalling pathways targeted by exo-miRNAs to elucidate potential regulatory roles in islet cell stress. METHODS Human islets were subjected to proinflammatory cytokine and hypoxic cell stress and miRNA from exosomes was isolated for RNA sequencing and analysis. Stress-induced exo-miRNAs were evaluated for kinetics of expression and release by intact islets for up to 48 h exposure to cytokines and hypoxia. A subset of stress-induced exo-miRNAs were assessed for recovery and detection as biomarkers of islet cell stress in a diabetic nude mouse xenotransplant model and in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet auto-transplantation (TPIAT). Genes and signalling pathways targeted by stress-induced exo-miRNAs were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and direct interactions of miRNAs with downstream signalling targets were validated in human islet cells using the miRNA Tests for Read Analysis and Prediction (MirTrap) system. RESULTS Global exo-miRNA sequencing revealed that 879 miRNA species were released from human islets and 190 islet exo-miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia or both. Release of exo-miRNAs hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-216a-5p was detected within 6 h of exposure to cytokines and hypoxia. The remaining subset of stress-induced exo-miRNAs, including hsa-miR-148a-3p and islet cell damage marker hsa-miR-375, showed delayed release at 24-48 h, correlating with apoptosis and cell death. Stress and damage exo-miRNAs were significantly elevated in the circulation in human-to-mouse xenotransplant models and in human transplant recipients. Elevated blood exo-miRNAs negatively correlated with post-transplant islet function based on comparisons of stress and damage exo-miRNA indices with Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO) indices. KEGG analysis and further validation of exo-miRNA targets by MirTrap analysis revealed significant enrichment of islet mRNAs involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The study identifies exo-miRNAs differentially expressed and released by islets in response to damage and stress. These exo-miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing islet damage and predicting outcomes in islet transplantation. Notably, exo-miRNAs 29b-3p and 216a-5p could be detected in islets prior to damage-released miRNAs and indicators of cellular apoptosis and death. Thus, these stress-induced exo-miRNAs may have potential diagnostic value for detecting early islet stress prior to progressive loss of islet cell mass and function. Further investigations are warranted to investigate the utility of these exo-miRNAs as early indicators of islet cell stress during prediabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathab Balaji Saravanan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Carly M Darden
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, 3434 Live Oak Street, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA.
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 950, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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Abstract
The loss of functional beta cell mass characterises all forms of diabetes. Beta cells are highly susceptible to stress, including cytokine, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress. This study examined the role of pleckstrin homology-like, domain family A, member 3 (Phlda3) in beta cell survival under stress conditions and the regulatory basis. We found that the mRNA levels of Phlda3 were markedly upregulated in vivo in the islets of diabetic humans and mice. In vitro, exposure of MIN6 cells or islets to cytokines, palmitate, thapsigargin or ribose upregulated Phlda3 mRNA and protein levels, concurrent with the induction of ER stress (Ddit3 and Trb3) and antioxidant (Hmox1) genes. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment markedly increased PHLDA3 immunostaining in human islets. Phlda3 expression was differentially regulated by adaptive (Xbp1) and apoptotic (Ddit3) unfolded protein response (UPR) mediators. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Xbp1 inhibited the induction of Phlda3 by cytokines and palmitate, whereas knockdown of Ddit3 upregulated Phlda3. Moreover, knockdown of Phlda3 potentiated cytokine-induced apoptosis in association with upregulation of inflammatory genes (iNos, IL1β and IκBα) and NFκB phosphorylation and downregulation of antioxidant (Gpx1 and Srxn1) and adaptive UPR (Xbp1, Hspa5 and Fkbp11) genes. Knockdown of Phlda3 also potentiated apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions induced by ribose treatment. These findings suggest that Phlda3 is crucial for beta cell survival under stress conditions. Phlda3 regulates the cytokine, oxidative and ER stress responses in beta cells via the repression of inflammatory gene expression and the maintenance of antioxidant and adaptive UPR gene expression. Phlda3 may promote beta cell survival in diabetes.
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Zhu R, Li X, Xu J, Barrabi C, Kekulandara D, Woods J, Chen X, Liu M. Defective endoplasmic reticulum export causes proinsulin misfolding in pancreatic β cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110470. [PMID: 31158417 PMCID: PMC6613978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential for cell function. Increasing evidence indicates that, efficient protein ER export is important for ER homeostasis. However, the consequence of impaired ER export remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that defective ER protein transport caused by either Sar1 mutants or brefeldin A impaired proinsulin oxidative folding in the ER of β-cells. Misfolded proinsulin formed aberrant disulfide-linked dimers and high molecular weight proinsulin complexes, and induced ER stress. Limiting proinsulin load to the ER alleviated ER stress, indicating that misfolded proinsulin is a direct cause of ER stress. This study revealed significance of efficient ER export in maintaining ER protein homeostasis and native folding of proinsulin. Given the fact that proinsulin misfolding plays an important role in diabetes, this study suggests that enhancing ER export may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent/delay β-cell failure caused by proinsulin misfolding and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cesar Barrabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dilini Kekulandara
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James Woods
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Obata A, Kimura T, Obata Y, Shimoda M, Kinoshita T, Kohara K, Okauchi S, Hirukawa H, Kamei S, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Vascular endothelial PDPK1 plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell mass and function in adult male mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1225-1236. [PMID: 31055616 PMCID: PMC6560212 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) in vascular endothelial cells on the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell mass and function. METHODS Male vascular endothelial cell-specific Pdpk1-knockout mice (Tie2+/-/Pdpk1flox/flox mice) and their wild-type littermates (Tie2-/-/Pdpk1flox/flox mice; control) were used for this study. At 12 weeks of age, an IPGTT and OGTT were conducted. Pancreatic blood flow was measured under anaesthesia. Thereafter, islet blood flow was measured by the microsphere method. Mice were killed for islet isolation and further functional study and mRNA was extracted from islets. Pancreases were sampled for immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS During the IPGTT, the blood glucose level was comparable between knockout mice and control flox mice, although serum insulin level was significantly lower in knockout mice. During the OGTT, glucose tolerance deteriorated slightly in knockout mice, accompanied by a decreased serum insulin level. During an IPGTT after pre-treatment with exendin-4 (Ex-4), glucose tolerance was significantly impaired in knockout mice. In fact, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of isolated islets from knockout mice was significantly reduced compared with control flox mice, and addition of Ex-4 revealed impaired sensitivity to incretin hormones in islets of knockout mice. In immunohistochemical analyses, both alpha and beta cell masses were significantly reduced in knockout mice. In addition, the CD31-positive area was significantly decreased in islets of knockout mice. The proportion of pimonidazole-positive islets was significantly increased in knockout mice. mRNA expression levels related to insulin biosynthesis (Ins1, Ins2, Mafa, Pdx1 and Neurod [also known as Neurod1]) and beta cell function (such as Gck and Slc2a2) were significantly decreased in islets of knockout mice. Microsphere experiments revealed remarkably reduced islet blood flow. In addition, mRNA expression levels of Hif1α (also known as Hif1a) and its downstream factors such as Adm, Eno1, Tpi1 (also known as Ets1), Hmox1 and Vegfa, were significantly increased in islets of knockout mice, indicating that islets of knockout mice were in a more hypoxic state than those of control flox mice. As a result, mRNA expression levels related to adaptive unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptotic genes were significantly elevated in islets of knockout mice. In addition, inflammatory cytokine levels were increased in islets of knockout mice. Electron microscopy revealed reduced endothelial fenestration and thickening of basal membrane of vascular endothelium in islets of knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Vascular endothelial PDPK1 plays an important role in the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell mass and function by maintaining vascularity of pancreas and islets and protecting them from hypoxia, hypoxia-related endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and distortion of capillary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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Kellokumpu S. Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:93. [PMID: 31263697 PMCID: PMC6584808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment - the loss of homeostasis - is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to Cutis laxa disease, in which glycosylation and membrane trafficking are both affected, while altered Ca2+ homeostasis due to the mutated SCPA1 gene in Hailey-Hailey disease, perturbs various protein sorting, proteolytic cleavage and membrane trafficking events in the Golgi. This review gives an overview of the molecular machineries involved in the maintenance of Golgi ion, pH and redox homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the organelle dysfunction and disease that frequently result from their breakdown. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are discussed only when they contribute directly to Golgi pH, ion or redox homeostasis. Current evidence emphasizes that, rather than being mere supporting factors, Golgi pH, ion and redox homeostasis are in fact key players that orchestrate and maintain all Golgi functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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33
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Zhang J, An H, Ni K, Chen B, Li H, Li Y, Sheng G, Zhou C, Xie M, Chen S, Zhou T, Yang G, Chen X, Wu G, Jin S, Li M. Glutathione prevents chronic oscillating glucose intake-induced β-cell dedifferentiation and failure. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 30975975 PMCID: PMC6459929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyles have altered diet and metabolic homeostasis, with increased sugar intake, glycemic index, and prediabetes. A strong positive correlation between sugar consumption and diabetic incidence is revealed, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we show that oral intake of long-term oscillating glucose (LOsG) (4 times/day) for 38 days, which produces physiological glycemic variability in rats, can lead to β-cells gaining metabolic memory in reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. This stress leads to suppression of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) signaling and subsequent upregulation of thioredoxin interacting protein, inhibition of insulin and SOD-2 expression, re-expression of Neurog3, and β-cell dedifferentiation and functional failure. LOsG-treated animals develop prediabetes exhibiting hypoinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. Dynamic and timely administration of antioxidant glutathione prevents LOsG/ROS-induced β-cell failure and prediabetes. We propose that ROS stress is the initial step in LOsG-inducing prediabetes. Manipulating glutathione-related pathways may offer novel options for preventing the occurrence and development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitai Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui An
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaidi Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guilian Sheng
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanzan Zhou
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Xie
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saijing Chen
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiong Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Science, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Cardiac Regeneration Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Hassinen A, Khoder-Agha F, Khosrowabadi E, Mennerich D, Harrus D, Noel M, Dimova EY, Glumoff T, Harduin-Lepers A, Kietzmann T, Kellokumpu S. A Golgi-associated redox switch regulates catalytic activation and cooperative functioning of ST6Gal-I with B4GalT-I. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101182. [PMID: 30959459 PMCID: PMC6454061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, a common modification of cellular proteins and lipids, is often altered in diseases and pathophysiological states such as hypoxia, yet the underlying molecular causes remain poorly understood. By utilizing lectin microarray glycan profiling, Golgi pH and redox screens, we show here that hypoxia inhibits terminal sialylation of N- and O-linked glycans in a HIF- independent manner by lowering Golgi oxidative potential. This redox state change was accompanied by loss of two surface-exposed disulfide bonds in the catalytic domain of the α-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I) and its ability to functionally interact with B4GalT-I, an enzyme adding the preceding galactose to complex N-glycans. Mutagenesis of selected cysteine residues in ST6Gal-I mimicked these effects, and also rendered the enzyme inactive. Cells expressing the inactive mutant, but not those expressing the wild type ST6Gal-I, were able to proliferate and migrate normally, supporting the view that inactivation of the ST6Gal-I help cells to adapt to hypoxic environment. Structure comparisons revealed similar disulfide bonds also in ST3Gal-I, suggesting that this O-glycan and glycolipid modifying sialyltransferase is also sensitive to hypoxia and thereby contribute to attenuated sialylation of O-linked glycans in hypoxic cells. Collectively, these findings unveil a previously unknown redox switch in the Golgi apparatus that is responsible for the catalytic activation and cooperative functioning of ST6Gal-I with B4GalT-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Hassinen
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fawzi Khoder-Agha
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elham Khosrowabadi
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Deborah Harrus
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maxence Noel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu, Finland.
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35
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Navigating Two Roads to Glucose Normalization in Diabetes: Automated Insulin Delivery Devices and Cell Therapy. Cell Metab 2019; 29:545-563. [PMID: 30840911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Incredible strides have been made since the discovery of insulin almost 100 years ago. Insulin formulations have improved dramatically, glucose levels can be measured continuously, and recently first-generation biomechanical "artificial pancreas" systems have been approved by regulators around the globe. However, still only a small fraction of patients with diabetes achieve glycemic goals. Replacement of insulin-producing cells via transplantation shows significant promise, but is limited in application due to supply constraints (cadaver-based) and the need for chronic immunosuppression. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made to address these barriers to widespread implementation of a cell therapy. Can glucose levels in people with diabetes be normalized with artificial pancreas systems or via cell replacement approaches? Here we review the road ahead, including the challenges and opportunities of both approaches.
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36
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EZH2 is overexpressed in transitional preplasmablasts and is involved in human plasma cell differentiation. Leukemia 2019; 33:2047-2060. [PMID: 30755708 PMCID: PMC6756037 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) play a major role in the defense of the host organism against pathogens. We have shown that PC generation can be modeled using multi-step culture systems that reproduce the sequential cell differentiation occurring in vivo. Using this unique model, we investigated the role of EZH2 during PC differentiation (PCD) using H3K27me3 and EZH2 ChIP-binding profiles. We then studied the effect of the inhibition of EZH2 enzymatic activity to understand how EZH2 regulates the key functions involved in PCD. EZH2 expression significantly increases in preplasmablasts with H3K27me3 mediated repression of genes involved in B cell and plasma cell identity. EZH2 was also found to be recruited to H3K27me3-free promoters of transcriptionally active genes known to regulate cell proliferation. Inhibition the catalytic activity of EZH2 resulted in B to PC transcriptional changes associated with PC maturation induction, as well as higher immunoglobulin secretion. Altogether, our data suggest that EZH2 is involved in the maintenance of preplasmablast transitory immature proliferative state that supports their amplification.
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37
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Excessive Oxidative Stress Contributes to Increased Acute ER Stress Kidney Injury in Aged Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2746521. [PMID: 30809321 PMCID: PMC6369482 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2746521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aged kidney is susceptible to acute injury due presumably to its decreased ability to handle additional challenges, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This was tested by giving tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, to either old or young mice. Injection of high dose caused renal failure in old mice, not in young mice. Moreover, injection of low dose resulted in severe renal damage in old mice, confirming the increased susceptibility of aged kidney to ER stress. There existed an abnormality in ER stress response kinetics in aged kidney, characterized by a loss of XBP-1 splicing and decreased PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation at late time point. The presence of excessive oxidative stress in aged kidney may play a role since high levels of oxidation increased ER stress-induced cell death and decreased IRE1 levels and XBP-1 splicing. Importantly, treatment with antioxidants protected old mice from kidney injury and normalized IRE1 and XBP-1 responses. Furthermore, older mice (6 months old) transgenic with antioxidative stress AGER1 were protected from ER stress-induced kidney injury. In conclusion, the decreased ability to handle ER stress, partly due to the presence of excessive oxidative stress, may contribute to increased susceptibility of the aging kidney to acute injury.
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38
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Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Kietzmann T. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species as Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:113-137. [PMID: 29717631 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eukaryotic cells execute various functions in subcellular compartments or organelles for which cellular redox homeostasis is of importance. Apart from mitochondria, hypoxia and stress-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) functions. Recent Advances: Research during the last decade has improved our understanding of disulfide bond formation, protein glycosylation and secretion, as well as pH and redox homeostasis in the ER and GA. Thus, oxygen (O2) itself, NADPH oxidase (NOX) formed ROS, and pH changes appear to be of importance and indicate the intricate balance of intercompartmental communication. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the interplay between hypoxia, ER stress, and Golgi function is evident, the existence of more than 20 protein disulfide isomerase family members and the relative mild phenotypes of, for example, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1)- and NOX4-knockout mice clearly suggest the existence of redundant and alternative pathways, which remain largely elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of these pathways and the key players involved in intercompartmental communication needs suitable animal models, genome-wide association, as well as proteomic studies in humans. The results of those studies will be beneficial for the understanding of the etiology of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are associated with ROS, protein aggregation, and glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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39
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Delbrel E, Soumare A, Naguez A, Label R, Bernard O, Bruhat A, Fafournoux P, Tremblais G, Marchant D, Gille T, Bernaudin JF, Callard P, Kambouchner M, Martinod E, Valeyre D, Uzunhan Y, Planès C, Boncoeur E. HIF-1α triggers ER stress and CHOP-mediated apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells, a key event in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17939. [PMID: 30560874 PMCID: PMC6299072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is recognized as a key event of cell dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the mechanisms leading to AECs ER stress and ensuing unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in idiopathic PF (IPF) remain unclear. We hypothesized that alveolar hypoxic microenvironment would generate ER stress and AECs apoptosis through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Combining ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro experiments, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on the UPR pathways and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, and consecutively the mechanisms linking hypoxia, HIF-1α, UPR and apoptosis. HIF-1α and the pro-apoptotic ER stress marker C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were co-expressed in hyperplastic AECs from bleomycin-treated mice and IPF lungs, not in controls. Hypoxic exposure of rat lungs or primary rat AECs induced HIF-1α, CHOP and apoptosis markers expression. In primary AECs, hypoxia activated UPR pathways. Pharmacological ER stress inhibitors and pharmacological inhibition or silencing of HIF-1α both prevented hypoxia-induced upregulation of CHOP and apoptosis. Interestingly, overexpression of HIF-1α in normoxic AECs increased UPR pathways transcription factors activities, and CHOP expression. These results indicate that hypoxia and HIF-1α can trigger ER stress and CHOP-mediated apoptosis in AECs, suggesting their potential contribution to the development of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Delbrel
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Abdoulaye Soumare
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Adnan Naguez
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Rabab Label
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Alain Bruhat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR-1019 Nutrition Humaine, Centre INRA Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Clermont Auvergne Université, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR-1019 Nutrition Humaine, Centre INRA Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Clermont Auvergne Université, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Geoffrey Tremblais
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Marchant
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Thomas Gille
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-François Bernaudin
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Callard
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Martinod
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Yurdagül Uzunhan
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Carole Planès
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Emilie Boncoeur
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire 'Hypoxie & Poumon' (EA 2363), F-93017, Bobigny, France.
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40
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Gonzalez LL, Garrie K, Turner MD. Type 2 diabetes - An autoinflammatory disease driven by metabolic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3805-3823. [PMID: 30251697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been viewed as a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic high glucose levels, insulin resistance, and declining insulin secretion from the pancreas. Modern lifestyle, with abundant nutrient supply and reduced physical activity, has resulted in dramatic increases in the rates of obesity-associated disease conditions, including diabetes. The associated excess of nutrients induces a state of systemic low-grade chronic inflammation that results from production and secretion of inflammatory mediators from the expanded pool of activated adipocytes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which obesity induces adipose tissue dysregulation, detailing the roles of adipose tissue secreted factors and their action upon other cells and tissues central to glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, given the emerging importance of adipokines, cytokines and chemokines in disease progression, we suggest that type 2 diabetes should now be viewed as an autoinflammatory disease, albeit one that is driven by metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Garrie
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Turner
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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41
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Chung JO, Park SY, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Anemia is inversely associated with serum C-peptide concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11783. [PMID: 30095635 PMCID: PMC6133397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that anemia is related with serum C-peptide concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).This cross-sectional study was carried out in 1300 individuals with type 2 DM. We measured fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, and postprandial C-peptide minus fasting C-peptide (ΔC-peptide) concentrations. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women. Anemia was graded into 2 groups: grade I anemia of Hb concentrations ≥110 g/L and grade II anemia of Hb concentrations <110 g/L.Fasting C-peptide, postprandial C-peptide, and ΔC-peptide concentrations were lower in individuals with anemia. According to the grade of anemia, the average C-peptide concentrations differed significantly after adjusting for other covariates. In the multivariable model, the statistically significant relation between anemia and serum C-peptide concentrations remained after adjusting for confounders, including age, gender, family history of diabetes, body mass index, duration of diabetes, glycated Hb, free fatty acids, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (fasting C-peptide concentration: β = -0.057, P = .032; postprandial C-peptide concentration: β = -0.098, P < .001; ΔC-peptide concentration: β = -0.095, P < .001).Anemia was inversely associated with serum C-peptide concentrations in individuals with type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Nie W, Ma X, Yang C, Chen Z, Rong P, Wu M, Jiang J, Tan M, Yi S, Wang W. Human mesenchymal-stem-cells-derived exosomes are important in enhancing porcine islet resistance to hypoxia. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12405. [PMID: 29932262 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-induced damage is one of the key factors associated with islet graft dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be used to enhance the therapeutic effect of islet transplantation due to their paracrine potential such as exosomes. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes from human umbilical cord-derived MSC-conditioned medium (hu-MSC-CM) could increase the survival and function of neonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICCs) exposed to hypoxia. METHODS Neonatal porcine islet cell clusters were cultured with hu-MSC-CM, with or without exosomes, and native medium RPMI-1640 (Control) under hypoxic conditions (1% O2 ). The effects of exosomes on NICCs viability and function in vitro were examined by FACS, the Loops system, and the Extracellular Flux assay, respectively. RESULTS Compared with NICCs cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and hu-MSC-CM without exosomes, the survival ratio, viability, and function increased in NICCs cultured in hu-MSC-CM with exosomes. CONCLUSIONS This study found that hu-MSC-CM could protect NICCs from hypoxia-induced dysfunction, and exosomes played an important role in hypoxic resistance, suggesting a potential strategy to improve islet transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Cejun Yang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyi Chen
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqun Tan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shounan Yi
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Center for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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43
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Santiago JA, Bottero V, Potashkin JA. Evaluation of RNA Blood Biomarkers in the Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:157. [PMID: 29896099 PMCID: PMC5986959 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a high misdiagnosis rate between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the second most common parkinsonian syndrome. In our earlier studies, we identified and replicated RNA blood biomarkers in several independent cohorts, however, replication in a cohort that includes PSP patients has not yet been performed. To this end, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of nine previously identified RNA biomarkers using quantitative PCR assays in 138 blood samples at baseline from PD, PSP and healthy controls (HCs) nested in the PD Biomarkers Program. Linear discriminant analysis showed that COPZ1 and PTPN1 distinguished PD from PSP patients with 62.5% accuracy. Five biomarkers, PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, SLC14A1s and NAMPT were useful for distinguishing PSP from controls with 69% accuracy. Several biomarkers correlated with clinical features in PD patients. SLC14A1-s correlated with Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total and part III scores. In addition, COPZ1, PTPN1 and MLST8, correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Interestingly, COPZ1, EFTUD2 and PTPN1 were downregulated in cognitively impaired (CI) compared to normal subjects. Linear discriminant analysis showed that age, PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, EFTUD2 and MLST8 distinguished CI from normal subjects with 65.9% accuracy. These results suggest that COPZ1 and PTPN1 are useful for distinguishing PD from PSP patients. In addition, the combination of PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, EFTUD2 and MLST8 is a useful signature for cognitive impairment. Evaluation of these biomarkers in a larger study will be a key to advancing these biomarkers into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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44
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Gomes-da-Silva LC, Zhao L, Bezu L, Zhou H, Sauvat A, Liu P, Durand S, Leduc M, Souquere S, Loos F, Mondragón L, Sveinbjørnsson B, Rekdal Ø, Boncompain G, Perez F, Arnaut LG, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Photodynamic therapy with redaporfin targets the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798354. [PMID: 29807932 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence depicts the capacity of redaporfin (Redp) to act as potent photosensitizer, causing direct antineoplastic effects as well as indirect immune-dependent destruction of malignant lesions. Here, we investigated the mechanisms through which photodynamic therapy (PDT) with redaporfin kills cancer cells. Subcellular localization and fractionation studies based on the physicochemical properties of redaporfin revealed its selective tropism for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA). When activated, redaporfin caused rapid reactive oxygen species-dependent perturbation of ER/GA compartments, coupled to ER stress and an inhibition of the GA-dependent secretory pathway. This led to a general inhibition of protein secretion by PDT-treated cancer cells. The ER/GA play a role upstream of mitochondria in the lethal signaling pathway triggered by redaporfin-based PDT Pharmacological perturbation of GA function or homeostasis reduces mitochondrial permeabilization. In contrast, removal of the pro-apoptotic multidomain proteins BAX and BAK or pretreatment with protease inhibitors reduced cell killing, yet left the GA perturbation unaffected. Altogether, these results point to the capacity of redaporfin to kill tumor cells via destroying ER/GA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia C Gomes-da-Silva
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Heng Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,CNRS, UMR9196, Villejuif, France
| | - Friedemann Loos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Laura Mondragón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma AS, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Department of Subcellular Structure and Cellular Dynamics, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Department of Subcellular Structure and Cellular Dynamics, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1138, Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APsupp-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Regnault C, Usal M, Veyrenc S, Couturier K, Batandier C, Bulteau AL, Lejon D, Sapin A, Combourieu B, Chetiveaux M, Le May C, Lafond T, Raveton M, Reynaud S. Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4416-E4425. [PMID: 29686083 PMCID: PMC5948982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721267115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies suggesting that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (EDs), both their role in the decline of populations and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study showed that frogs exposed throughout their life cycle to ED concentrations low enough to be considered safe for drinking water, developed a prediabetes phenotype and, more commonly, a metabolic syndrome. Female Xenopus tropicalis exposed from tadpole stage to benzo(a)pyrene or triclosan at concentrations of 50 ng⋅L-1 displayed glucose intolerance syndrome, liver steatosis, liver mitochondrial dysfunction, liver transcriptomic signature, and pancreatic insulin hypersecretion, all typical of a prediabetes state. This metabolic syndrome led to progeny whose metamorphosis was delayed and occurred while the individuals were both smaller and lighter, all factors that have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and likelihood of reproduction. We found that F1 animals did indeed have reduced reproductive success, demonstrating a lower fitness in ED-exposed Xenopus Moreover, after 1 year of depuration, Xenopus that had been exposed to benzo(a)pyrene still displayed hepatic disorders and a marked insulin secretory defect resulting in glucose intolerance. Our results demonstrate that amphibians are highly sensitive to EDs at concentrations well below the thresholds reported to induce stress in other vertebrates. This study introduces EDs as a possible key contributing factor to amphibian population decline through metabolism disruption. Overall, our results show that EDs cause metabolic disorders, which is in agreement with epidemiological studies suggesting that environmental EDs might be one of the principal causes of metabolic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Regnault
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Usal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Veyrenc
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - David Lejon
- Rovaltain Research Company, F-26300 Alixan, France
| | | | | | - Maud Chetiveaux
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- Plate-forme Therassay, l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Lafond
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Xénopes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Service 3387, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Raveton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment option for individuals with type 1 diabetes; however, maintaining islet function after transplantation remains a large challenge. Multiple factors, including hypoxia associated events, trigger pretransplant and posttransplant loss of islet function. In fact, islets are easily damaged in hypoxic conditions before transplantation including the preparation steps of pancreas procurement, islet isolation, and culture. Furthermore, after transplantation, islets are also exposed to the hypoxic environment of the transplant site until they are vascularized and engrafted. Because islets are exposed to such drastic environmental changes, protective measures are important to maintain islet viability and function. Many studies have demonstrated that the prevention of hypoxia contributes to maintaining islet quality. In this review, we summarize the latest oxygen-related islet physiology, including computational simulation. Furthermore, we review recent advances in oxygen-associated treatment options used as part of the transplant process, including up-to-date oxygen generating biomaterials as well as a classical oxygen inhalation therapy.
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47
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Shibasaki Y, Horikawa M, Ikegami K, Kiuchi R, Takeda M, Hiraide T, Morita Y, Konno H, Takeuchi H, Setou M, Sakaguchi T. Stearate-to-palmitate ratio modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in non-B non-C hepatoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1110-1120. [PMID: 29427339 PMCID: PMC5891190 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without viral infection, namely, NHCC, is a major public health issue worldwide. NHCC is frequently derived from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which exhibit dysregulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This raises the possibility that NHCC evolves intracellular machineries to adapt to dysregulated FA metabolism. We herein aim to identify NHCC‐specifically altered FA and key molecules to achieve the adaptation. To analyze FA, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was performed on 15 HCC specimens. The composition of saturated FA (SFA) in NHCC was altered from that in typical HCC. The stearate‐to‐palmitate ratio (SPR) was significantly increased in NHCC. Associated with the SPR increase, the ELOVL6 protein level was upregulated in NHCC. The knockdown of ELOVL6 reduced SPR, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, inducing apoptosis of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, NHCC appears to adapt to an FA‐rich environment by modulating SPR through ELOVL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibasaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kiuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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48
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Kammoun HL, Allen TL, Henstridge DC, Barre S, Coll RC, Lancaster GI, Cron L, Reibe S, Chan JY, Bensellam M, Laybutt DR, Butler MS, Robertson AAB, O'Neill LA, Cooper MA, Febbraio MA. Evidence against a role for NLRP3-driven islet inflammation in db/db mice. Mol Metab 2018; 10:66-73. [PMID: 29478918 PMCID: PMC5985230 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with chronic, low grade inflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of its target interleukin-1β (IL-1β) have been implicated in pancreatic β cell failure in T2D. Specific targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome to prevent pancreatic β cell death could allow for selective T2D treatment without compromising all IL-1β-associated immune responses. We hypothesized that treating a mouse model of T2D with MCC950, a compound that specifically inhibits NLRP3, would prevent pancreatic β cell death, thereby preventing the onset of T2D. Methods Diabetic db/db mice were treated with MCC950 via drinking water for 8 weeks from 6 to 14 weeks of age, a period over which they developed pancreatic β cell failure. We assessed metabolic parameters such as body composition, glucose tolerance, or insulin secretion over the course of the intervention. Results MCC950 was a potent inhibitor of NLRP3-induced IL-1β in vitro and was detected at high levels in the plasma of treated db/db mice. Treatment of pre-diabetic db/db mice with MCC950, however, did not prevent pancreatic dysfunction and full onset of the T2D pathology. When examining the NLRP3 pathway in the pancreas of db/db mice, we could not detect an activation of this pathway nor increased levels of its target IL-1β. Conclusions NLRP3 driven-pancreatic IL-1β inflammation does not play a key role in the pathogenesis of the db/db murine model of T2D. Inhibition of NLRP3 via MCC950 in db/db mice did not improve glucose tolerance. MCC950 treatment did not prevent beta cell loss of function. Expression of IL1beta and NLRP3 does not appear increased in db/db islets. We conclude against a role for NLRP3 in db/db pancreatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - T L Allen
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Barre
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R C Coll
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - G I Lancaster
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Cron
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Reibe
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Y Chan
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Bensellam
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - D R Laybutt
- Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - A A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - L A O'Neill
- Inflammation research, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - M A Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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49
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Zhang W, Xu J. Adaptive unfolded protein response promotes cell survival in rifampicin-treated L02 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2233-2242. [PMID: 29393386 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An important concept in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is adaptation, which means the injury reverses with the continuation of the drug. The mechanism of adaption of drugs remains enigmatic, adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) is possibly involved. We once observed adaptation phenomenon of rifampicin (RFP) in animal models, in this study, we investigate the effects of RFP on adaptive UPR in L02 cells, and after inhibiting UPR by using 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), the change of cell viability and cell apoptosis in RFP-treated cells. We found that with the concentration of RFP increased and the treatment time was prolonged, the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a hallmark of the UPR, was upregulated, and was dose- and time-dependent. RFP also activates the p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) protein expression. 4-PBA decreased GRP78 and p-eIF2α protein expression levels. Moreover, FCA showed that cell apoptosis rate obviously increased, and MTT assay showed that cell survival rate obviously decreased, this indicates that after inhibiting the UPR, the cell damage increased, which shows that the UPR is an adaptation mechanism to protect cells against injury induced by RFP. This also proves that when the degree of UPR induced by RFP is relatively mild, adaptive UPR is helpful for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Lichawska-Cieslar A, Pietrzycka R, Ligeza J, Kulecka M, Paziewska A, Kalita A, Dolicka DD, Wilamowski M, Miekus K, Ostrowski J, Mikula M, Jura J. RNA sequencing reveals widespread transcriptome changes in a renal carcinoma cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8597-8613. [PMID: 29492220 PMCID: PMC5823589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to investigate changes in the transcriptome profile in the Caki-1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells, which overexpress monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). RNA-Seq data showed changes in 11.6% and 41.8% of the global transcriptome of Caki-1 cells overexpressing wild-type MCPIP1 or its D141N mutant, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway functional analyses showed that these transcripts encoded proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, hypoxia response and cell signalling. We identified 219 downregulated transcripts in MCPIP1-expressing cells that were either unchanged or upregulated in D141N-expressing cells. We validated downregulation of 15 transcripts belonging to different functional pathways by qRT-PCR. The growth and viability of MCPIP1-expressing cells was reduced because of elevated p21Cip1 levels. MCPIP1-expressing cells also showed reduced levels of DDB1 transcript that encodes component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrades p21Cip1. These results demonstrate that MCPIP1 influences the growth and viability of ccRCC cells by increasing or decreasing the transcript levels for proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding, hypoxia response, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Lichawska-Cieslar
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roza Pietrzycka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Ligeza
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kalita
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dobrochna D. Dolicka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilamowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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