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Vega-Barba C, Páez-Osuna F, Galván-Magaña F, Baró-Camarasa I, Aguilar-Palomino B, Galván-Piña VH, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ. Trace elements in the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in the Central Pacific Mexican Shelf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114263. [PMID: 36327932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) concentrations were determined in muscle, liver and fin of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) caught in the Central Pacific Mexican Shelf. Liver tissue presented the highest concentrations of Cd (2.83 μg g-1 wet weight (ww)) and Cu (2.34 μg g-1 ww). For muscle and fin, Cu presented the highest concentrations (0.97 and 1.80 μg g-1 ww, respectively). Liver concentrations were influenced by the maturation stages for the three elements. Immature organisms exhibited lower trace element concentrations than adults. No significant differences were found between sexes, except for Cu concentrations in muscle, where adult females present higher levels than adult males. One muscle sample (2.3 %) exceeded the Mexican Legislation for Hg (1.0 μg g-1 ww) and five muscles samples (11.6 %) exceeded the Mexican limit for Cd (0.5 μg g-1 ww). Meat consumption of this species can be a risk to human health if it is ingested regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vega-Barba
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Sta. Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 pte., Centro Histórico, C.P. 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Sta. Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Isis Baró-Camarasa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Sta. Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Bernabé Aguilar-Palomino
- Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farías 82, San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco C.P. 48980, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Galván-Piña
- Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farías 82, San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco C.P. 48980, Mexico
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Sta. Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Wu C, Song J, Li L, Jiang Y, Applegate TJ, Wu B, Liu G, Wang J, Lin Y, Zhang K, Li H, Wu F, Bai S. Protective effects of selenized yeast on the combination of cadmium-, lead-, mercury-, and chromium-induced toxicity in laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:958056. [PMID: 36246320 PMCID: PMC9558123 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.958056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of a combination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress of laying hens, as well as the alleviating action of dietary supplementation of selenized yeast. A total of 160 Lohmann pink-shell laying hens (63-week-old) were randomly divided into four treatments with 10 replicates of four hens each. The treatments were the corn–soybean meal basal diet (control; CON), the CON diet supplemented with 0.4 mg selenium (Se)/kg from selenized yeast (Se); combined heavy metals group: the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg Cd/kg, 50 mg Pb/kg, 3 mg Hg/kg, and 5 mg Cr/kg (HEM), and the HEM diet supplemented with 0.4 mg Se/kg from selenized yeast (HEM+Se). The experimental period lasted for 12 weeks. The HEM diet decreased hen-day egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg white quality (P < 0.05), but increased (P < 0.05) glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activity in the serum. HEM induced higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the serum, liver, and ovary and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tended to decrease glutathione S-transferase (GST) (P = 0.09) in the serum. Meanwhile, HEM significantly decreased (P < 0.05) activity of SOD, GST, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH) in the liver, and the activity of GPX and GSH in the ovary. Se addition of 0.4 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) improved hen-day egg production and FCR and decreased AST concentration and increased some enzyme activity in the serum, liver, and ovary. In conclusion, dietary HEM exposure depressed laying performance, and egg white quality was likely due to an impaired antioxidant capacity, disrupted hepatic function, and elevated HEM accumulation in the egg yolk and egg white of laying hens. Se addition of 0.4 mg/kg ameliorated toxic effects of HEM on laying performance, oxidative stress, and hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Todd J. Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bing Wu
- Chelota Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Deyang, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feedstuffs of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shiping Bai
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Baró-Camarasa I, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, O'Hara TM, Castellini JM, Murillo-Cisneros DA, Martínez-Rincón RO, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Galván-Magaña F. Mercury maternal transfer in two placental sharks and a yolk-sac ray from Baja California Sur, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113672. [PMID: 35512518 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) concentrations were measured in muscle and liver of two placental viviparous sharks, the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio) and the brown smooth-hound (Mustelus henlei); as well as in the muscle, liver, and yolk of the yolk-sac viviparous speckled guitarfish (Pseudobatos glaucostigmus) in Baja California Sur. The aim was to determine which factors could be involved in maternal transfer and resultant maternal and embryonic THg concentration. Higher THg concentrations were found in pregnant females compared to embryos paired tissues. THg concentrations of embryo tissues decreased with total length (TL), except for the muscle of the Pacific sharpnose shark. THg concentrations of embryo muscle was positively related to THg concentration in the muscle of pregnant females. Embryos TL, muscle THg concentration of pregnant females, percentage of THg concentration in embryos, along with the reproductive strategy are relevant factors required to improve our understanding of THg concentration in embryo tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Baró-Camarasa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Todd M O'Hara
- Bilingual Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, C.P. 4461, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, C.P. 99775, AK, USA
| | - J Margaret Castellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, C.P. 99775, AK, USA
| | - Daniela A Murillo-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Raúl O Martínez-Rincón
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur C.P. 23096, Mexico.
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Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Tičina V. Mercury and selenium levels in archive samples of wild Atlantic bluefin tuna from the Mediterranean Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131402. [PMID: 34323802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) levels in archive samples (white and red muscles, liver, gills) of the wild Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) (Thunnus thynnus) (n = 18) captured in the central Adriatic Sea. The influence of fish size, age, and tissue type on element distribution was examined. There were significant differences in THg and Se levels, and Se:THg molar ratios among tissues. THg levels were highest in liver and lowest in gills (liver > red muscle > white muscle > gills), while Se levels were also highest in liver but lowest in white muscle (liver > red muscle > gills > white muscle). Se:THg molar ratios were highest in gills (22-82), intermediate in liver (11-29) and red muscle (7-36), and lowest in white muscle (1.7-7.6). Concentrations of THg in all tissues and Se in liver and caudal muscle were positively correlated with tuna age and size, while the Se:THg molar ratio in gills and all white muscles was negatively correlated with tuna age and size, indicating that the protective role of Se against THg is reduced in older specimens. The selenium health benefit values (HBVSe) were above zero in all tissues, indicating a small excess of Se after Hg sequestration. However, since the obtained HBVSe for edible tissues were near zero (0.01-0.04), and more than 70% of white muscle samples and all red muscle samples exceeded the EU regulatory limit for THg in fish muscle, it would be advisable to limit their intake in adults to one meal per month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vjekoslav Tičina
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, PO Box 500, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Álvaro-Berlanga S, Calatayud-Pavía CE, Cruz-Ramírez A, Soto-Jiménez MF, Liñán-Cabello MA. Trace elements in muscle tissue of three commercial shark species: Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus off the Manzanillo, Colima coast, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22679-22692. [PMID: 33423198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given their predatory characteristics, long life, and high trophic levels, sharks can have a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate and/or biomagnify trace elements (TE). In the present study, 13 TE (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Se, Zn, Cr, V, Fe, Ni, Co, and Mn) were analyzed in the muscle tissue of three shark species (Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus falciformis, and Alopias pelagicus) using high-resolution mass spectrometry inductively coupled to a plasma generator (HR-ICP-MS); 30 shark specimens of each specie were obtained during commercial fish landings in the port of Manzanillo, Mexico. The morphometric characteristics and sex of the sharks were recorded. Shark A. pelagicus accumulated higher concentrations of TE, especially for Hg and Cd, than the other species. Significant differences in the TE levels were detected between sexes in P. glauca and A. pelagicus; in all cases, the highest concentrations were found in female muscle tissue. The ability of sharks to bioaccumulate ETs depends of the metals (essentials higher than non-essential) but is explained mainly by feeding habits associated to sexes (population segregation) and size (ontogeny). The association between TE in shark specimens was related to the essentiality, their antagonistic action, and origin. The Se/Hg ratio was significantly higher than 1, evidence of the protective role of dietary Se against Hg uptake and toxicity in all specimens of the three shark species. Also, the elevate inverse correlation of As and Cd versus Se could indicate a protective action of Se against these toxic metals, but the mechanism must be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvaro-Berlanga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Asfrodisicao Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza and 2 Apto. 456, 38200, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Clara E Calatayud-Pavía
- Fundación México Azul, A. C, Avenida México 141, Colonia del Carmen, Coyoacán, C.P. 04100, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Angelica Cruz-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico
| | - Martin F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N Apartado Postal 811, C.P. 82040, Mazatlán, Sin, México
| | - Marco A Liñán-Cabello
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km 19.5 Carretera Manzanillo Barra de Navidad, C.P. 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico.
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Levels of Mercury, Methylmercury and Selenium in Fish: Insights into Children Food Safety. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020039. [PMID: 33672494 PMCID: PMC7923435 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and selenium (Se) concentrations were measured in various commercially important fish species. The benefit-risk binomial associated with these chemicals was assessed in children through the probability of exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) of the contaminants and the Se recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The Se:Hg molar ratios, selenium health benefit values (HBVSe), and monthly consumption rate limits (CRmm) for each species were also calculated. THg and Se were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Milan, Italy), while MeHg was determined by Trace Ultra gas chromatograph connected with a PolarisQ MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). None of the analyzed fish had Hg levels above the European Community regulatory limits, while most large predators had MeHg levels over the threshold concentration set by US EPA. The estimated weekly intakes of THg and MeHg exceeded in many cases the PTWIs and the Se estimated daily intakes were provided from 0.71% to 2.75% of the RDA. Se:Hg molar ratios above 1 and positive HBVSe index suggested that Se in fish could be enough to alleviate the potential toxic effect of Hg. However, high-risk groups as children should consume fish in moderation because a large consumption pattern, especially of swordfish and tunas, might be of concern for health.
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Sulimanec Grgec A, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Orct T, Tičina V, Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M. Mercury and selenium in fish from the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea: A risk-benefit assessment in vulnerable population groups. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127742. [PMID: 32745738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the levels of total mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in the muscle tissue of 12 commercially important fish species (n = 717) from 48 locations in the eastern Adriatic Sea, as a function of fish species, size and habitat. Risks and benefits of fish consumption regarding Hg and Se in children (7 years) and women of reproductive age (30 years) were also evaluated. All samples but one were compliant with the European regulatory limit for Hg in fish muscle. Concentrations (μg g-1 ww) of Hg (range: 0.014-1.37) and Se (range: 0.184-1.12) and Se:Hg molar ratios in fish were associated with habitat type. Demersal species had the highest Hg and the lowest Se concentrations, while pelagic species had the lowest Hg concentrations, highest Se concentrations and Se:Hg molar ratios. All species had Se:Hg molar ratios above 1 (range: 1.4-66.9) and a selenium health benefit value (HBVSe) above zero (range: 3.3-9.3), indicating Se excess after Hg sequestration. The intake of two meals per week of small pelagic-neritic and bento-pelagic fish is estimated to be a valuable source of essential Se, and does not pose a risk from toxic Hg exposure in children and women during the vulnerable reproductive period. Due to the low Hg and favorable Se:Hg molar ratio and HBVSe index, small pelagic species offer a good risk to benefit ratio of fish consumption and could be considered an optimal choice in these sensitive subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Sulimanec Grgec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Tičina
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Piasek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ancora S, Mariotti G, Ponchia R, Fossi MC, Leonzio C, Bianchi N. Trace elements levels in muscle and liver of a rarely investigated large pelagic fish: The Mediterranean spearfish Tetrapturus belone (Rafinesque, 1810). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110878. [PMID: 32056654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We determined levels of mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium in muscle and liver of 29 specimens of a large pelagic fish rarely investigated, the Mediterranean spearfish Tetrapturus belone (Raf., 1810). The following element concentration ranking (mean ± S.D.; espressed in mg/kg dry weight) was recorded in muscle: Hg (3.401 ± 1.908) > Se (1.727 ± 0.232) > Pb (0.532 ± 0.322) > Cd (0.019 ± 0.015), and Se (6.577 ± 1.789) > Cd (5.815 ± 3.038) > Hg (2.698 ± 2.214) > Pb (0.661 ± 1.334) in liver. Levels of Hg, Se and Cd were compared to those reported for other Istiophoridae from oceanic areas and for other large predators of Mediterranean Sea, like swordfish and tuna. Organotropism of trace elements and their relation to size was discussed. Ecophysiological considerations regarding the Se-Hg relationship as well as Se-Cd indicate a possible detoxification mechanism. The implications for human consumption are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ancora
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Mariotti
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Rosetta Ponchia
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Leonzio
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Bianchi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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Boldrocchi G, Monticelli D, Omar YM, Bettinetti R. Trace elements and POPs in two commercial shark species from Djibouti: Implications for human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:637-648. [PMID: 30889451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Within Djibouti (Gulf of Aden), the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus) are important components of the artisanal fishery and they are caught to be exported or sold for local consumption. However, little scientific information exists on the contamination load of these species in this area of the world. With global populations of elasmobranchs in decline, understanding the extent of contaminant exposure is critical to future conservation as well as to assess the health risks for consumers of these species. The contaminants analyzed in this study comprised PCB, DDT and trace elements in livers, muscles and fins of both hammerhead sharks and milk sharks. The overall organochlorine compounds (OCs) and trace elements concentrations were similar among the two sharks' species and the pattern of PCB and DDT tissue distribution showed the highest burdens in livers compared with muscles and fins. However, the different accumulation profiles of OCs among shark species suggest species-specific accumulation of these contaminants. The p,p'DDE/∑DDT ratios were equal or slightly higher than the critic value of 0.6, suggesting possible recent inputs of technical DDT in the area. Concentration of trace elements from this study were generally comparable to those found in sharks from other areas of the world and, highlight the wide variation in metal concentrations between species, individuals and tissues. As far as Hg is concerned, scalloped hammerhead sharks showed higher accumulation in muscles compared with milk sharks. Both species showed elevated concentration of Se, which might be related to high Hg levels since Se inhibits Hg toxicity. The potential cancer risk for PCB, Cd, Ni, Cr and As fell within the range of 10-6-10-4, suggesting some concerns for the overall contamination levels in both species. Indeed, consuming of fish involves a mixture of all analyzed elements, and therefore, some potential risk might arise from regularly consuming these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boldrocchi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - D Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Y Moussa Omar
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche de Djibouti Route de l'aéroport, Djibouti, Djibouti
| | - R Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Risk assessment of mercury in sharks (Rhizoprionodon longurio) caught in the coastal zone of Northwest Mexico. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Polak-Juszczak L. Distribution of organic and inorganic mercury in the tissues and organs of fish from the southern Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34181-34189. [PMID: 30288672 PMCID: PMC6245018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of total mercury (THg), methylmercury (CH3Hg+), and inorganic mercury (Hginorg) in the tissues and organs of fish depending on species, tissue, and organ, and their bioaccumulation in tissues and biomagnification throughout the trophic web. The study included four species of fish (herring, sprat, cod, and eel) from the southern Baltic Sea. The concentrations of the different forms of mercury were determined in tissues and internal organs. Intra-specific differences in levels of THg, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg in the tissues and organs were determined. Muscle contained the highest proportions of THg and CH3Hg+ in comparison to that in the internal organs. Differences in concentrations of THg, CH3Hg+, and Hginorg in the tissues and organs of fish were related to their preferred prey. The bioaccumulation of CH3Hg+ in the tissues and organs of predatory fish at the highest trophic levels was greater than in the liver and digestive tract of fish species at lower trophic levels, in which Hginorg predominated. The high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in eel and cod and the low levels in herring and sprat were linked with their food and the transfer of this element among species. The results suggested that the type of food, feeding habits, and trophic position were important parameters that influenced the transfer and biomagnification of mercury in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Polak-Juszczak
- Department of Food and Environmental Chemistry, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kollataja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
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Faganeli J, Falnoga I, Horvat M, Klun K, Lipej L, Mazej D. Selenium and Mercury Interactions in Apex Predators from the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea). Nutrients 2018; 10:E278. [PMID: 29495604 PMCID: PMC5872696 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the environmental levels of selenium (Se) can moderate the bioaccumulation and toxicity of mercury (Hg) in marine organisms, their interactions were studied in seawater, sediments, plankton and the benthic (Bull ray Pteromylaeus bovinus, Eagle ray Myliobatis aquila) and the pelagic (Pelagic stingray Dasyiatis violacea) rays, as apex predators in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea). Male and female rays showed no difference in the Se contents in muscle tissue. Pelagic species contained higher Se levels in muscle but slightly lower levels in the livers of both genders. The Hg/Se ratios in seawater dissolved and colloidal fractions, plankton and sediment were <0.5, while those in particulate matter were <1.3. In benthic ray species, a parallel increase in Se and Hg in muscle was observed, so that an increased in Hg (MeHg) bioaccumulation results in Se coaccumulation. The Hg/Se ratios (molar) in muscle and liver of pelagic and benthic rays were <1.4 and <0.7, respectively. The low levels of Hg in muscle and liver in all the ray species corresponded to low Hg/Se ratios and increases in muscle and liver to 1 at 7 µg/g, dry weight (dw) and 5 µg/g dw, respectively, i.e., about 1.6 µg/g wet weight (ww).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadran Faganeli
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace, 41 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova, 39 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova, 39 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Klun
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace, 41 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Lovrenc Lipej
- Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace, 41 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova, 39 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Torres P, Tristão da Cunha R, Rodrigues ADS. Mid-Atlantic elasmobranchs: Suitable metal scouts? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:203-213. [PMID: 28179057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are a hazard to marine fauna and human health. In this study we assess stable isotopes and metal content in Prionace glauca and Isurus oxyrinchus and analyse these results within and among other species and across regions and geographical areas. Also, we evaluate their suitability, together with Raja clavata and Galeorhinus galeus, as Mid-Atlantic bioindicators. Prionace glauca and I. oxyrinchus shared the same trophic level in a pelagic food web and did not present significant differences between genders or metals, except for As. Arsenic and Hg accumulated while Cd and Pb were not detected. One I. oxyrinchus presented Hg values above regulatory limits. A high Hg exposure was associated with I. oxyrinchus since its maximum weekly intake was exceeded. Elasmobranchs can be used as metal sentinels, each presenting different key features which defines a good marine bioindicator, allowing long-term monitoring at different temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Torres
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Regina Tristão da Cunha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- IVAR, Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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Torres P, Tristão da Cunha R, Micaelo C, Rodrigues ADS. Bioaccumulation of metals and PCBs in Raja clavata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1021-1030. [PMID: 27607905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess stable isotopes profiles, metals concentration and PCBs in Raja clavata muscle and liver, according to sex and size, and to elucidate its suitability as a Mid-Atlantic biomonitor. The results reflected bioaccumulation and suggested biomagnification processes for As and Hg in muscle tissue. Cd, Cu and Zn were detected in high amounts in liver, Cr, Mn and Rb were relatively stable and low, Pb was not detected and Sr was present in muscle at high levels, decreasing with length. Hg and Se were strongly correlated, suggesting a mitigation role. Both tissues presented low concentrations of PCBs, especially the dioxin-like congeners, although always higher in liver and not correlated with size. None of these contaminants exceed EU legislated limits. However, they need to be monitored given study area's location, volcanic nature and the expected increase of anthropogenic activity related to future prospective mining activities and the establishment of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between Europe and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Torres
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Regina Tristão da Cunha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Cristina Micaelo
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Brasília, 1446-009 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- CVARG, Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
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15
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Endo T, Kimura O, Ohta C, Koga N, Kato Y, Fujii Y, Haraguchi K. Metal Concentrations in the Liver and Stable Isotope Ratios of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Muscle of Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) Culled off Ishigaki Island, Japan: Changes with Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147797. [PMID: 26859569 PMCID: PMC4747518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations in liver samples as well as the Hg concentration and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in muscle samples from silvertip sharks (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) in Japan. Muscular and hepatic Hg concentrations increased with increased body length. However, these increases were more prominent in the liver than in the muscle samples, and appeared to occur after maturation. Hepatic Zn and Cu concentrations decreased during the growth stage, and then increased concomitantly thereafter with increases in Cd burden. Hepatic Fe concentration from males increased proportionally with increases in body length, whereas no increase was observed in samples from females, probably due to the mother-to-embryo transfer of Fe. The δ13C values tended to decrease with increases in body length, whereas no decrease in the δ15N values was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohta
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314–1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769–2193, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
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16
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Evans RD, Grochowina NM, Basu N, O'Connor EM, Hickie BE, Rouvinen-Watt K, Evans HE, Chan HM. Uptake of selenium and mercury by captive mink: Results of a controlled feeding experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1582-1588. [PMID: 26517385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Captive, juvenile, ranch-bred, male mink (Neovison vison) were fed diets containing various concentrations of methyl-mercury (MeHg) and selenium (Se) for a period of 13 weeks and then sacrificed to determine total Hg levels in fur, blood, brain, liver and kidneys and total Se concentrations in brain tissue. As MeHg concentrations in the diet increased, concentrations of total Hg in the tissues also increased with the highest level occurring in the fur > liver = kidney > brain > blood. Concentrations of Hg in the fur were correlated (r(2) > 0.97) with liver, kidney, blood and brain concentrations. The addition of Se to the mink diet did not appear to affect most tissue concentrations of total Hg nor did it affect the partitioning of Hg between the liver:blood, kidney:blood and brain:blood; however, partitioning of Hg between fur and blood was apparently affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Evans
- Environmental and Resource Science, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada; Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - N M Grochowina
- Environmental and Resource Science, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - N Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, MacDonald Stewart Building, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., St Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - E M O'Connor
- Environmental and Resource Science, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - B E Hickie
- Environmental and Resource Science, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - K Rouvinen-Watt
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 55, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - H E Evans
- Environmental and Resource Science, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada; Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - H M Chan
- Community Health Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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García-Alvarez N, Fernández A, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Zaccaroni A, Arbelo M, Sierra E, Almunia J, Luzardo OP. Mercury and selenium status of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): A study in stranded animals on the Canary Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:489-498. [PMID: 26232758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mercury (Hg) level in the marine environment has tripled in recent decades, becoming a great concern because of its high toxic potential. This study reports Hg and selenium (Se) status, and the first Se/Hg molar ratio assessment in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the waters of the Canary Islands. Total Hg and Se concentrations were determined in the blubber and liver collected from 30 specimens stranded along the coasts of the archipelago from 1997 to 2013. The median values for total Hg in the blubber and liver were 80.83 and 223.77 μg g(-1) dry weight (dw), and the median levels for Se in both tissues were 7.29 and 68.63 μg g(-1) dw, respectively. Hg concentrations in the liver were lower than 100 μg g(-1) wet weight (ww), comparable to those obtained in bottlenose dolphins from the North Sea, the Western Atlantic Ocean and several locations in the Pacific Ocean. The Mediterranean Sea and South of Australia are the most contaminated areas for both elements in this cetacean species. In addition, it must be stressed that the levels of Hg and Se in the liver showed an increasing trend with the age of the animals. As expected, a strong positive correlation between Hg and Se was observed (rs=0.960). Surprisingly, both younger and older specimens had a Se/Hg molar ratio different from 1, suggesting that these individuals may be at greater toxicological risk for high concentrations of both elements or a deficiency of Se without a protective action against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia García-Alvarez
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Annalisa Zaccaroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Research Group on Large Pelagic Vertebrates, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Eva Sierra
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Javier Almunia
- Loro Parque Foundation, Camino Burgado, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz (Tenerife), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Moore ABM, Bolam T, Lyons BP, Ellis JR. Concentrations of trace elements in a rare and threatened coastal shark from the Arabian Gulf (smoothtooth blacktip Carcharhinus leiodon). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:646-650. [PMID: 26088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Kuwait's waters are one of only two locations where the smoothtooth blacktip shark Carcharhinus leiodon is known to occur. Concentrations of 11 trace elements were analysed in five juvenile and two adult specimens of this coastal predator. Concentrations of lead in muscle increased with length, whilst manganese concentration decreased. Arsenic concentrations in muscle were among the highest reported in elasmobranchs, and the concentration in the liver increased significantly in relation to length. In comparison to published literature, concentrations of manganese (liver), lead (muscle) and iron (muscle and liver) were high. Mercury concentrations in the muscle exceeded European Food Safety Authority limits and were among the highest reported in any elasmobranch. Concentrations of selenium, which may inhibit mercury toxicity, were also high. These results and previous studies indicate that potentially hazardous levels of mercury and other contaminants may occur in sharks in this region, adding further stressors to these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B M Moore
- RSK Environment Ltd., Spring Lodge, 172 Chester Road, Helsby, Cheshire WA6 0AR, UK.
| | - Thi Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Jim R Ellis
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
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Corsolini S, Ancora S, Bianchi N, Mariotti G, Leonzio C, Christiansen JS. Organotropism of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus in NE Greenland. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 87:381-387. [PMID: 25084679 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus is an opportunistic feeder, a top predator, and a very long-lived species. The brain, liver, red and white muscle, gonads, fat, skin, pancreas, and spleen of Greenland sharks from NE Greenland fjords were analysed for PCBs, PCDDs/DFs, PBDEs; DDT isomers; HCH isomers; dieldrin; endrin; HCB; Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se. PCBs (2.01-103 ng/g wet wt) and PBDEs (7.9-3050 pg/g wet wt) were detected in most of the samples. PCDDs/DFs showed high values when detected. DDTs, HCB and HCHs were only detected in some tissues. The ΣTEQ was 5.76 pg/g in muscle. Cadmium mainly accumulated in the pancreas and liver (19.6 and 10.7 mg/kg dry wt, respectively); mercury in red muscle (4.10-6.91 mg/kg dry wt); selenium in the pancreas (3.57 mg/kg dry wt) and spleen (1.95 mg/kg dry wt); lead in the skin (0.358 mg/kgd ry wt). The selenium-mercury ratio in the liver was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Ancora
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Bianchi
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mariotti
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Leonzio
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jørgen S Christiansen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Biosciences-Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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20
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Torres P, da Cunha RT, Maia R, Dos Santos Rodrigues A. Trophic ecology and bioindicator potential of the North Atlantic tope shark. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:574-581. [PMID: 24631620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sharks are top marine predators vital in maintaining ecosystem health and food web structure. In order to assess tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus) trophic ecology, stable isotope ratios and trace metal concentrations in muscle tissue were determined, according to size and gender, for 124 individuals caught within the Mid-Atlantic region. Data was complemented and analysed according to previous stomach content information and compared with studies performed in the North East Atlantic. Our results revealed that tope sharks fed at a low trophic level and within a more pelagic-based food web when compared with other North Atlantic regions. MixSIR application reflected its piscivorous diet and study area topography, oligotrophic waters and volcanic nature, suggesting the occurrence of a Mid-Atlantic tope shark population. Considering a non-anthropogenic volcanic source for observed metal contents, the results reflect bioaccumulation and suggest biomagnification processes for As and Hg. These metals exceeded legislated maximum limits for some countries with a maximum of 28.98 ± 1.26 and 0.57 ± 0.01 mg kg(-1) wet weight, respectively, increasing significantly with size for both males and females. Conversely, Cr, Rb and Zn were relatively stable while Cd and Pb were not detected. Hg and Se were strongly correlated, suggesting a Se toxicity mitigation role. Given the tope shark travel capacity and the results obtained, the species may be used as a Mid-Atlantic bioindicator of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Torres
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Regina Tristão da Cunha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores. Rua Mãe de Deus, 58, 9500-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Maia
- CBA, Centro de Biologia Ambiental - SIIAF, Stable Isotopes and Instrumental Analysis Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa - Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Edifício C2 - Sala 2.1.16. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- CVARG, Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
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21
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Fish discards management in selected Spanish and Portuguese métiers: Identification and potential valorisation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ruelas-Inzunza J, Escobar-Sánchez O, Patrón-Gómez J, Moreno-Sánchez XG, Murillo-Olmeda A, Spanopoulos-Hernández M, Corro-Espinosa D. Mercury in muscle and liver of ten ray species from Northwest Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:434-436. [PMID: 24074639 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We determined total mercury (Hg) distribution in muscle and liver of ten ray species and assessed health risk considering Hg levels in muscle and average consumption of rays in Mexico. Rays were collected from five sites in NW Mexico between March and November 2012. Hg concentrations ranged from 4.465 μg g(-1) in muscle of the longtail stingray Dasyatis longa to 0.036 μg g(-1) in liver of the diamond stingray Dasyatis dipterura. Considering all the individuals, Hg in muscle (1.612±1.322 μg g(-1)) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in liver (0.745±0.616 μg g(-1)). Regarding local health risk assessment, none of the ray species may cause adverse effects on consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruelas-Inzunza
- Technological Institute of Mazatlán, Environmental Section, P.O. Box 757, Calle Corsario 1, No. 203, Col. Urías, C.P. 82070 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Barone G, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Storelli MM. Comparative study on trace metal accumulation in the liver of two fish species (Torpedinidae): concentration-size relationship. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:73-77. [PMID: 23932429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) were measured in the liver of two fish, Torpedo nobiliana (electric ray) and Torpedo marmorata (marbled electric ray), from the Mediterranean Sea in order to comparatively investigate their current pollution status. Maximum mean levels of Hg were detected in electric ray (mean: 2.16μgg(-1) ww), while marbled electric ray accumulated especially Cd (mean: 0.06μgg(-1) ww), Cu (mean: 3.83μgg(-1) ww) and As (mean: 32.64μgg(-1) ww). The metal concentrations are similar to those reported in literature, except for Cd, As and Ni. Hg concentrations increased with increasing fish body length in both species, whilst no significant concentration-size relationship was found for other metals. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report providing information on trace metal levels and relationship between concentration and size of these cartilaginous fishes. Future studies on the concentrations and effects of environmental contaminants in various torpedinid species are surely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Barone
- Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutical Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari-Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy
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Barst BD, Hammerschmidt CR, Chumchal MM, Muir DCG, Smith JD, Roberts AP, Rainwater TR, Drevnick PE. Determination of mercury speciation in fish tissue with a direct mercury analyzer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1237-1241. [PMID: 23417790 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of Hg speciation in tissue is valuable for assessing potential toxicological effects in fish. Direct Hg analyzers, which use thermal decomposition and atomic absorption spectrometry, have recently gained popularity for determining organic Hg after procedural solvent extraction from some environmental media, although quantitative recovery from lipid-rich materials, such as fish liver, has been problematic. The authors developed a new method by which organic Hg in fish liver and muscle is estimated by the difference between direct measurements of inorganic Hg in an acid extract and total Hg in whole tissue. The method was validated by analysis of a certified reference material (DOLT-4 dogfish liver) and naturally contaminated fish tissues with comparison to an established Hg speciation method (gas chromatography cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry). Recovery of organic Hg from DOLT-4, estimated by difference, averaged 99 ± 5% of the mean certified value for methylmercury. In most liver samples and all muscle samples, estimates of organic Hg from the proposed method were indiscernible from direct speciation measurements of methylmercury (99% ± 6%). Estimation of organic Hg by the difference between total Hg and inorganic Hg was less accurate in liver samples with a high percentage of inorganic Hg (90%). This was because of the increased uncertainty that results from estimating a third value (i.e., organic Hg) by using the difference between two large concentrations (inorganic and total Hg). The proposed method is a useful tool for examining the speciation of Hg in fish muscle and liver, and by extension, potentially other tissues and environmental media.
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Kimura O, Ogasawara H, Ohta C, Koga N, Kato Y, Haraguchi K. Levels of mercury in muscle and liver of star-spotted dogfish (Mustelus manazo) from the northern region of Japan: a comparison with spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:467-474. [PMID: 23271344 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscle and liver samples of star-spotted dogfish (Mustelus manazo) caught off the northern region of Japan and compared them with those of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) caught in the same region. The average body length of male star-spotted dogfish specimens was significantly smaller than that of female specimens, reflecting the slower growth rate of male fish. Hg concentrations in liver and muscle increased with increases in body length and estimated age of both male and female star-spotted dogfish specimens. However, the relationships between Hg concentration in liver or muscle and body length or estimated age of male specimens differed markedly from those of female specimens, reflecting differences in growth rate and cessation of growth on reaching maturity. Marked increases in Hg concentration in liver of male and female star-spotted dogfish specimens were observed slightly later than increases in Hg concentration in muscle of those specimens due to growth cessation. These marked increases in Hg in liver may reflect increases in Hg due to the formation of mercury selenide. Similar results were previously reported in spiny dogfish specimens, except spiny dogfish showed only trace levels of Hg in liver (Endo et al., Chemosphere 77:1333-1337, 2009). The greater lipid content in liver and the larger liver size in spiny dogfish may explain the much lower levels of Hg observed in liver of spiny dogfish compared with those in the star-spotted dogfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
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26
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Suematsu Y, Miura SI, Zhang B, Uehara Y, Tokunaga M, Yonemoto N, Nonogi H, Nagao K, Kimura T, Saku K. Associations between the consumption of different kinds of seafood and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of cardiac origin in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. HEART & VESSELS 2013; 2:8-14. [PMID: 29450158 PMCID: PMC5801261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchv.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective cohort studies have shown that seafood consumption is inversely related to fatal coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death and stroke. We studied whether the kind of seafood consumed in addition to seafood consumption per se is associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) of cardiac origin. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the average consumption of different kinds of seafood and other risk factors to the average incidence of age-adjusted OHCA (660,672 cases of OHCA: 55.2% of cardiac origin and 44.8% of non-cardiac origin) between 2005 and 2010 in the 47 prefectures of Japan. There were many significant correlations between the incidence of age-adjusted OHCA of cardiac origin (ad-OHCA-CO) and the consumption of many kinds of seafood, but not the total consumption of seafood. The consumption of horse mackerel (r = - 0.568, p < 0.0001) and saury (r = 0.607, p < 0.0001) showed the highest negative and positive correlations, respectively, with the age-adjusted incidence of ad-OHCA-CO. CONCLUSIONS In Japan, the consumption of different kinds of seafood may be an important factor in OHCA of cardiac origin. Thus, dietary habits with regard to seafood may play a role in OHCA of cardiac origin, however, the question of whether to eat fish in general or instead to eat certain kinds of fish is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Suematsu
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masaki Tokunaga
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonogi
- Hospital Deputy, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Ken Nagao
- Department of Cardiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- The AIG Collaborative Research Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka University, 814-0180, Japan
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Escobar-Sánchez O, Galván-Magaña F, Rosíles-Martínez R. Biomagnification of mercury and selenium in blue shark Prionace glauca from the Pacific Ocean off Mexico. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:550-9. [PMID: 21465285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the biomagnification of mercury through the principal prey of the blue shark, Prionace glauca, off the western coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, as well as the relationship between mercury and selenium in blue sharks. High levels of mercury were found in shark muscle tissues (1.39 ± 1.58 μg/g wet weight); these values are above the allowed 1.0 μg/g for human consumption. The mercury to selenium molar ratio was 1:0.2. We found a low correlation between mercury bioaccumulation and shark size. Juveniles have lower concentrations of mercury than adults. Regarding the analyzed prey, the main prey of the blue shark, pelagic red crab, Pleuroncodes planipes, bioaccumulated 0.04 ± 0.01 μg/g Hg wet weight, but the prey with higher bioaccumulation was the bullet fish Auxis spp. (0.20 ± 0.02 μg/g wet weight). In terms of volume, the red crab P. planipes can be the prey that provides high levels of mercury to the blue shark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Escobar-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Ecology, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Ave. IPN s/n, P. O. Box 592, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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28
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Nam DH, Adams DH, Reyier EA, Basu N. Mercury and selenium levels in lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in relation to a harmful red tide event. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 176:549-559. [PMID: 20625820 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue levels of mercury (Hg; total, organic) and selenium (Se) were assessed in juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) from Florida nearshore waters collected during a harmful algal bloom (HAB, brevetoxin) event and compared with sharks not exposed to HABs. In all sharks studied, total Hg levels in the muscle were generally present in a molar excess over Se (which may protect against Hg toxicity) and mean muscle Hg levels (0.34 microg/g) exceed safe human consumption guidelines. While there was generally no difference in tissue Hg and Se levels following exposure of sharks to HABs, hepatic Hg levels were significantly lower (56% reduction) in the HAB-exposed sharks compared to controls. As Hg and HABs are globally increasing in scope and magnitude, further work is warranted to assess their interactions and biotic impacts within aquatic ecosystems, especially for a species such as the lemon shark that is classified as a near-threatened species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Nam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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29
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Storelli MM, Cuttone G, Marcotrigiano GO. Distribution of trace elements in the tissues of smooth hound Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southern-eastern waters of Mediterranean Sea (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 174:271-281. [PMID: 20422281 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Trace element concentrations (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) were determined in the muscle, gonads, skin, and brain of smooth hound Mustelus mustelus in order to define the metal distribution patterns. The data indicated that metal accumulation depended on the tissues probably as a consequence of metabolic needs, physiochemical properties, and detoxification processes specific for each element. Metal concentrations were higher in gonads (Hg 0.10-0.70 μg g(-1); Cd 0.02-0.10 μg g(-1); Pb 0.08-0.39 μg g(-1); Cr 0.06-0.36 μg g(-1); Ni 1.37-3.00 μg g(-1); Zn 9.15-16.30 μg g(-1); Cu 1.95-21.62 μg g(-1)) and skin (Hg 0.16-0.66 μg g(-1); Cd 0.01-0.04 μg g(-1); Pb 0.10-0.62 μg g(-1); Cr 0.15-0.68 μg g(-1); Ni 1.60-7.20 μg g(-1); Zn 9.00-16.00 μg g(-1); Cu 0.78-6.80 μg g(-1)) than brain (Hg 0.04-0.34 μg g(-1); Cd 0.01-0.05 μg g(-1); Pb 0.03-0.59 μg g(-1); Cr 0.08-0.48 μg g(-1); Ni 5.59-9.69 μg g(-1); Zn 5.90-7.35 μg g(-1); Cu 0.90-4.02 μg g(-1)), while muscle always exhibited the lowest levels (Hg 1.03-2.58 μg g(-1); Cd 0.01-0.06 μg g(-1); Pb 0.02-0.16 μg g(-1); Cr 0.05-0.28 μg g(-1); Ni 1.13-2.48 μg g(-1); Zn 2.64-5.06 μg g(-1); Cu 0.33-2.23 μg g(-1)). Ni and Hg took exception having the highest concentrations in brain and muscle, respectively. An assessment of the risk for human due to the consumption of these marine organisms was also undertaken. Regarding Cd and Pb intakes, consumption did not guide to any concerns, while it should be extremely moderate when considering Hg intake. The comparative analyses revealed that Mediterranean sharks were exposed to higher Hg levels than biota inhabiting open ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Storelli
- Pharmacological-Biological Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari, Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano (Ba), Italy.
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30
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Coelho JP, Santos H, Reis AT, Falcão J, Rodrigues ET, Pereira ME, Duarte AC, Pardal MA. Mercury bioaccumulation in the spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) from the Atlantic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1372-1375. [PMID: 20541227 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The annual and life-cycle mercury bioaccumulation pattern in selected tissues of the economically relevant Elasmobranchii species Scyliorhinus canicula was studied, and the risks associated with its consumption evaluated. Preferential mercury bioaccumulation occurred in muscle tissue, and followed the order muscle>heart>liver>gills>pancreas. Total mercury in muscle tissue ranged from 0.13mgkg(-1) (wwt) in 1+year old males to 0.8mgkg(-1) (wwt) in 8+ year old mature females, with no significant differences found between genders, and no clear lifespan bioaccumulation pattern observed, except for mature females. Organic mercury in the muscle ranged from 0.05mgkg(-1) (wwt) to 0.52mgkg(-1) (wwt), corresponding to an average of 70% of total mercury content. In mature females, a significant correlation (R=0.99, P=0.01) was found between size and organic mercury fraction, suggesting reproduction as an important factor controlling organic mercury bioaccumulation in the spotted dogfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Coelho
- CESAM/Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Soto-Jiménez MF, Amezcua F, González-Ledesma R. Nonessential metals in striped marlin and Indo-Pacific sailfish in the southeast Gulf of California, Mexico: concentration and assessment of human health risk. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:810-818. [PMID: 20101402 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus; 166-246 cm long) and 13 striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax; 159-254 cm long) specimens from the southern Gulf of California were analyzed for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations. More than 20% of the As and Cd levels exceeded the guideline levels of the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the European Union. About 65-90% of the specimens exceeded the limit value for Hg. Pb levels in billfish were significantly lower than guideline values. The intakes of As and Cd through billfish consumption by the population represented 20-40% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values as recommended by the WHO. Levels of Hg exceeded the PTWI value. Pb intake represented <5% of the PTWI through these species in all age and gender groups. The target hazard quotients (THQs) for Cd and Pb were <1 in each group of interest. In contrast, THQ values based on As and Hg showed large variations, with the highest values for children, then pregnant women, and, finally, adults. Values of THQ >1 indicate risk for As and Hg; the risk from As was estimated assuming that 20% of the total As was inorganic. These metals can affect the nervous system and intellectual and physical development of unborn children and infants. A national moratorium on billfish consumption in México is recommended for children (0-6 years old), pregnant women, and women planning pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82000, México.
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Escobar-Sánchez O, Galván-Magaña F, Rosíles-Martínez R. Mercury and selenium bioaccumulation in the smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena Linnaeus, from the Mexican Pacific Ocean. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:488-91. [PMID: 20352184 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-9966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed total mercury and selenium bioaccumulation in muscle tissue and cartilage fibers (fins) from smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, caught off Baja California Sur, Mexico. In muscle tissue, the mercury concentration ranged from 0.005 to 1.93 microg g(-1) ww (wet weight), which falls within the safety limits for food set by international agencies (Hg > 1.0 microg g(-1) ww). Only one specimen showed a mercury value that exceeded this limit. In fins, the mercury bioaccumulation was lower (<0.05). Selenium in muscle ranged from 0.11 to 1.63 microg g(-1) ww, while in fins it ranged from 0.13 to 0.56 microg g(-1) ww.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Escobar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Peces, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Pethybridge H, Cossa D, Butler ECV. Mercury in 16 demersal sharks from southeast Australia: Biotic and abiotic sources of variation and consumer health implications. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 69:18-26. [PMID: 19726079 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations were determined in the tissues of demersal shark (Order Squaliformes and the Families: Scyliorhinidae, Hexanchidae) and chimaera species (Families: Chimaeridae and Rhinochimaeridae) from continental shelf and slope waters off southeast Australia, including embryos, juveniles and adults. The distribution of THg in various tissues (muscle, liver, kidney and skin), examined in ten species, shows higher levels in the muscle tissue (1.49+/-0.47mgkg(-1), ww), which accounted for between 59% and 82% of the total body burden of mercury and in the kidney (0.93+/-0.14mgkg(-1), ww) and liver (0.61+/-0.25mgkg(-1), ww) with lower levels observed in the skin (0.12+/-0.06mgkg(-1), ww). Additional THg determinations were performed in the muscle tissue of five other species allowing geographical and inter-specific comparisons. Speciation analysis demonstrated that more than 90% mercury was bound in muscle tissue as MMHg with higher percentages (>95%) observed in sharks species occupying deeper environments. Species differences were observed. Highest THg levels in the muscle tissue (up to 6.64mgkg(-1) wet weight, ww) were recorded in Proscymnodon plunketi and Centrophorus zeehaani (mean values; 4.47+/-1.20 and 3.52+/-0.07mgkg(-1), ww, respectively). Consistent with the ongoing paradigm on mercury bioaccumulation, we systematically observed THg concentrations increasing with animal size from the embryos to the larger sharks. Embryos of Etmopterus baxteri and Centroselachus crepidater had average levels 0.28 and 0.06mgkg(-1) (ww), while adult specimens reached 3.3 and 2.3mgkg(-1) (ww), respectively. THg concentrations in Australian sharks were compared with the same genus collected in other world regions. Levels were closer to data reported for East Atlantic than for the epicontinental Mediterranean margins. At a smaller geographical scale, the habitat effect on mercury concentration in sharks seems less clear. Squalid sharks occupying shelf waters showed higher mean mercury levels relative to their size (body weight, bw) than mid-slope species (0.4-6.7mgkg(-1) bw and 0.3-2.2mgkg(-1) bw, respectively). However, local regional differences (East and South Tasmania vs. Victoria) in Hg levels were not detected for the majority of taxa examined. All species, with the exception of Figaro boardmani showed values greater than 0.5mgkg(-1) (ww) and all but four were above many international regulatory thresholds (1.0mgkg(-1), ww).
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Haines KJR, Evans RD, O'Brien M, Evans HE. Accumulation of mercury and selenium in the brain of river otters (Lontra canadensis) and wild mink (Mustela vison) from Nova Scotia, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:537-542. [PMID: 19880158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Total Hg, methyl-Hg (MeHg) and Se levels were measured in the brain of river otters (Lontra canadensis) and wild mink (Mustela vison) carcasses collected from Nova Scotia, Canada. Total Hg concentrations in the otters' brain were highly variable, ranging from 0.3 to 18.0 microg/g dw and were significantly higher in animals caught from inland areas of the province versus coastal animals. Similarly, inland otters contained significantly more MeHg in the brain than did coastal otters. MeHg was highly correlated with total Hg in both inland and coastal otters and represented on average approximately 82% of the total Hg. Selenium concentrations in the otter brain ranged from 1.0 to 7.8 microg/g dw but unlike Hg, there was no significant difference in Se levels between inland and coastal otters. There was a significant positive relationship between Se and total Hg concentrations in the otters with the molar ratio of Se:Hg approximately 1:1 for animals having an Hg concentration>18 nmol/g dw. The non-random sampling protocol for the mink precluded extensive statistical analysis of the data. However, unlike otters, virtually all (i.e. 98%) of the total Hg in mink brain was present as MeHg in both inland and coastal mink. Also unlike the otter results, Se concentrations showed no relationship with either total or MeHg in both inland and coastal mink. The data suggest that mink and otters may have different mechanisms for managing high levels of Hg in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J R Haines
- Watershed Ecosystems Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Haraguchi K, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N. Hg, Zn and Cu levels in the muscle and liver of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan: relationship between metal concentrations and body length. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1774-1780. [PMID: 18656211 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver and muscle of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan. The Hg concentration in the muscle increased proportionally with body length in the tiger sharks, whereas that in the liver increased rapidly after maturity (defined by a length of over 2.7 m). Muscle Hg levels were higher than liver concentrations in immature sharks, with the inverse trend observed in mature sharks. Notably, the Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver tended to decrease with increasing body length. This rapid increase in hepatic Hg concentration concurrent with the onset of maturity in sharks may result from the continuous intake of Hg via food and the slower growth of mature sharks. The high concentrations of the essential metals Zn and Cu in immature sharks may be explained by the physiological demands related to rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Branco V, Vale C, Canário J, Santos MND. Mercury and selenium in blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius, L. 1758) from two areas of the Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 150:373-80. [PMID: 17376573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, liver and stomach contents of 64 blue sharks and 52 swordfishes, caught between September 2004 and February 2005 near the Azores (area A) and the Equator (area E), were analysed for mercury and selenium. Levels of mercury were relatively high (blue shark: 0.032-2.5microgg(-1); swordfish: 0.031-9.8microgg(-1)) and comparable to values reported in the literature. However, mercury and organic mercury concentrations in muscle and liver of specimens from E were significantly higher than those from A. A similar trend was registered in stomach contents, suggesting higher uptake of Hg in specimens from E. This difference was also observed in the relationship between concentration in muscle and size, indicating a higher accumulation rate in specimens from E. The accumulation of Se in the liver of both species showed a positive correlation with inorganic mercury concentrations, pointing to a detoxifying mechanism of organic mercury in these species through Se-Hg liasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- National Institute for Agronomy and Fisheries Research (INIAP/IPIMAR), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal.
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McMeans BC, Borgå K, Bechtol WR, Higginbotham D, Fisk AT. Essential and non-essential element concentrations in two sleeper shark species collected in arctic waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 148:281-90. [PMID: 17182159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of elements/metals have increased in arctic biota and are of concern due to their potential toxicity. Most studies on elements in the Arctic have focused on marine mammals and seabirds, but concentrations in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) and Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus), the only two shark species known to regularly inhabit arctic waters, have never been reported. To address this data gap, concentrations and patterns of 25 elements were analyzed in liver of Greenland sharks collected about Cumberland Sound (n=24) and Pacific sleeper sharks collected about Prince William Sound (n=14). Several non-essential elements differed between species/locations, which could suggest geographical exposure differences or ecological (e.g., diet) differences between the species. Certain essential elements also differed between the two sleeper sharks, which may indicate different physiological requirements between these closely related shark species, although information on such relationships are lacking for sharks and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey C McMeans
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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dos Santos APM, Mateus ML, Carvalho CML, Batoréu MCC. Biomarkers of exposure and effect as indicators of the interference of selenomethionine on methylmercury toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2007; 169:121-8. [PMID: 17267146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to clarify the interference of selenomethionine (SeMet) on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity through the evaluation of changes in biomarkers of exposure and effect in rats exposed to MeHg and co-exposed to MeHg and SeMet. Male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrations, either MeHg (1.5mg/kg body weight), SeMet alone (1mg/kg body weight) or combined MeHg and SeMet, followed by 3 weeks of rat urine collection and neurobehavioural assays. The effects of different administrations were investigated by the quantification of total mercury in kidney and brain, analysis of urinary porphyrins, determination of hepatic GSH and evaluation of motor activity functions (rearing and ambulation). MeHg exposure resulted in a significant increase of urinary porphyrins during the 3 weeks of rat urine collection, where as it caused a significant decrease in motor activity only at the first day after cessation of rat exposure. Additionally, SeMet co-exposure was able to normalize the porphyrins excretion, and a tendency to restore rat motor activity was observed, on the first day after cessation of exposure. Brain and kidney mercury levels increased significantly in rats exposed to MeHg; however, in co-exposed rats to SeMet no significant changes in Hg levels were found as compared to rats exposed to MeHg alone. Hence, the present study shows that urinary porphyrins are sensitive and persistent indicators of MeHg toxicity and demonstrates for the first time that SeMet reduces its formation. Finally, these results confirm that the mechanism of interaction between SeMet and MeHg cannot be explained by the reduction of Hg levels in target organs and suggestions are made to clarify the interference of SeMet on MeHg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P M dos Santos
- Centro de Estudos de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Cabañero AI, Madrid Y, Cámara C. Selenium long-term administration and its effect on mercury toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4461-8. [PMID: 16756381 DOI: 10.1021/jf0603230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo experiment was conducted to assess selenium bioaccumulation and bioaccessibility through the food chain and its effect on Hg toxicity. For this purpose 72 chickens were fed under different controlled conditions. Chickens were exposed to a common basal diet or a diet supplemented with Hg(II), MeHg, and Se(IV). Enzymatic digestion (feed, chicken muscle, liver, and kidney) as well as simulated human gastric and intestinal digestion (chicken muscle) led to the identification of selenomethionine (SeMet) in all the samples analyzed. Therefore, although chickens have no efficient mechanism for SeMet synthesis they can be considered as a source of SeMet due to its diet and the plant-animal food chain. The kidneys were the target organ for both total Se and SeMet in chickens (1604 +/- 136 and 128 +/- 6 microg kg(-1), respectively), but the greatest body store, among the tissues studied, was the muscle in both cases (84-96% of total Se). Long-term administration of inorganic and organic mercury did not alter SeMet distribution significantly. The antagonistic effect of Se on Hg toxicity by favoring MeHg demethylation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Cabañero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Domi N, Bouquegneau JM, Das K. Feeding ecology of five commercial shark species of the Celtic Sea through stable isotope and trace metal analysis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 60:551-69. [PMID: 15925404 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Domi
- Marine Research Center (MARE), Laboratory for Oceanology, University of Liege, B6c Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Cabañero AI, Madrid Y, Cámara C. Effect of animal feed enriched with Se and clays on Hg bioaccumulation in chickens: in vivo experimental study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:2125-2132. [PMID: 15769145 DOI: 10.1021/jf048267v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite, sepiolite, and bentonite on inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation. For this purpose 160 chickens were fed under different controlled conditions. Chickens were exposed to Hg(II) and MeHg added to feed with or without selenium or clays supplementation. No significant differences were observed in the voluntary intake and feed/gain conversion rates. The target organs of Hg(II) and MeHg in chickens were the liver and kidney, respectively, but the greatest body store was the muscle in both cases. A higher bioaccumulation for MeHg than for Hg(II) was observed. The results showed that addition of sodium selenite, sepiolite, or bentonite induced a decrease of up to 60-100% in the inorganic mercury bioabsorption. Bentonite addition to a MeHg-containing diet also caused a decrease in organic mercury bioaccumulation (29-67%). On the other hand, inorganic selenium and sepiolite did not decrease MeHg accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Cabañero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Storelli MM, Ceci E, Storelli A, Marcotrigiano GO. Polychlorinated biphenyl, heavy metal and methylmercury residues in hammerhead sharks: contaminant status and assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2003; 46:1035-1039. [PMID: 12907198 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(03)00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Storelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Sezione di Chimica e Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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