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Lee JY, Imamura F. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Height Loss in Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in the EPIC-Norfolk Study. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00284-0. [PMID: 38762189 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Height loss in aging has been recognized to reflect a decline in musculoskeletal health but not investigated in relation to dietary factors, such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), the consumption of which may deteriorate musculoskeletal health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association of habitual consumption of total SSBs and its subtypes with height loss and examine effect-modification by age, sex, and anthropometry. METHODS We evaluated 16,230 adults aged 40-79 y in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort. At baseline (1993-1997), SSB consumption (soft drinks, squashes, sweetened milk beverages, sweetened coffee/tea, and sweetened alcoholic beverages) was assessed using 7-d food diaries. Height was objectively measured at the baseline, second (1997-2000), and third (2004-2011) health checks. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine baseline SSB consumption and the rate of height change over the follow-up. RESULTS The median (IQR) height change was -1.07 (-2.09 to -0.28) cm/10 y. Adjusted for potential confounders including behavioral factors, medications, and baseline body mass index (BMI), total SSB consumption was associated with height loss (β: -0.024 cm/10 y per 250 g/d of SSB; 95% CI: -0.046, -0.001 cm/10 y per 250 g/d of SSB), and similar results were seen for the individual beverages, except for sweetened milk beverages (β: +0.07; 95% CI: -0.16, 0.30), with wide CIs. No effect-modification by prespecified factors was evident, except for baseline BMI (P-interaction = 0.037). Total SSB consumption was associated with height loss (-0.038; 95% CI: -0.073, -0.004) in participants with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 but not apparently in those with BMI over 25 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS SSB consumption was modestly associated with height loss, particularly in adults with normal weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Lee
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Rizzoli R, Biver E. Role of fermented dairy products in the health benefits of a mediterranean diet. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:75. [PMID: 38502263 PMCID: PMC10950975 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean diet includes fermented dairy products like yogurt and cheese. These foods provide calcium, phosphorus, fat, carbohydrates and protein, all nutrients influencing various systems including bone, cardiovascular system, intermediary metabolism, cancer, central nervous system, and inflammation. In addition, they contain prebiotics and provide probiotics which are capable of modifiying microbiota composition and metabolism, potentially acting also indirectly on the various systems. A large body of evidence indicates that fermented dairy products consumption significantly contributes to the beneficial effects of a Mediterranean diet on various systems' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Tetens I, Hare MH, Petersen CF, Stanstrup J, Hitz MF. The Postprandial Calcium Absorption of a Milk-Derived Calcium Permeate - The Acute RENEW Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3430-3438. [PMID: 37844839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that dairy-derived calcium supplements have additional beneficial properties compared with other calcium supplements in relation to bone health. OBJECTIVES We investigated the postprandial calcium absorption from a milk-derived calcium permeate (CP) compared with calcium carbonate (CC). METHODS In this randomized double-blinded cross-over study, 10 healthy postmenopausal females (age 50-65 y) received maltodextrin (placebo), 800 mg calcium from CP or from CC provided in 6 capsules on separate days. A fasting blood sample was collected at baseline, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min after ingestion. At baseline and 360 min, spot-urine samples were collected. Serum-ionized calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, and magnesium were analyzed, as were urinary calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. A linear mixed model was applied. RESULTS Serum-ionized calcium concentration after the CC supplement was higher at 240 min compared with the CP supplement [between-group difference; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.039 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.017-0.061; P = 0.00078]. Serum-ionized calcium concentration after the CC supplement was significantly higher than placebo at all postprandial time points except at 60 min. Urinary calcium concentration in 360 min spot urine was higher after intake of CC compared with CP [between-group difference; 95% CI: 2.47 mmol/L; 95% CI: 1.90-3.03; P = 0.0042]. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial calcium absorption from CP was lower than that of CC, and concurrently, urinary concentration reflected increased serum appearance by CC compared with CP, highlighting different metabolic responses. The long-term and clinical implications should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Majbritt Hybholt Hare
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mette Friberg Hitz
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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Nielsen SDH, Liang N, Rathish H, Kim BJ, Lueangsakulthai J, Koh J, Qu Y, Schulz HJ, Dallas DC. Bioactive milk peptides: an updated comprehensive overview and database. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37504497 PMCID: PMC10822030 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2240396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial digestion of milk proteins leads to the formation of numerous bioactive peptides. Previously, our research team thoroughly examined the decades of existing literature on milk bioactive peptides across species to construct the milk bioactive peptide database (MBPDB). Herein, we provide a comprehensive update to the data within the MBPDB and a review of the current state of research for each functional category from in vitro to animal and clinical studies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory, opioid, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, calcium absorption and bone health and anticancer activity. This information will help drive future research on the bioactivities of milk peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Harith Rathish
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Hans-Jörg Schulz
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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5
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He W, Xie Z, Wittig NK, Zachariassen LF, Andersen A, Andersen HJ, Birkedal H, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Bertram HC. Yogurt Benefits Bone Mineralization in Ovariectomized Rats with Concomitant Modulation of the Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200174. [PMID: 36039478 PMCID: PMC9788323 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Evidence supports that gut-modulating foods potentially can suppress bone loss in postmenopausal women. This study aims to investigate the effect of milk calcium-enriched milk, yogurt, and yogurt-inulin combination on the gut-bone association. METHODS AND RESULTS A 6-week intervention study is conducted in ovariectomized rats. Four pastes containing milk calcium-fortified milk (M-Ca), milk calcium-fortified yogurt (Y-Ca), inulin-fortified Y-Ca (Y-I-Ca), or an isoconcentration of calcium carbonate (Ca-N), and a calcium-deficient paste are provided. M-Ca does not influence bone mineral density and content (BMD and BMC), femur mechanical strength, or femoral microstructure compared to Ca-N, but Y-Ca increases spine BMD. The serum metabolome reveals that Y-Ca modulated glycine-related pathways with reduced glycine, serine, and threonine. No additive effects of yogurt and inulin are found on bone parameters. Correlation analysis shows that increased lactobacilli and reduced Clostridiaceae members in Y-Ca is associated with an increased spine BMD. Increases in Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Turicibacter, Blautia, and Allobaculum and gut short-chain fatty acids in Y-I-Ca are not reflected in bone parameters. CONCLUSION Yogurt as calcium vehicle contributes to increased spine BMD concomitant with changes in the gut microbiome and glycine-related pathways, while adding inulin to yogurt does not affect bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAgro Food Park 48Aarhus N8200Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityDK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Line F. Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityDK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1958FrederiksbergDenmark
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He J, Li W, Deng J, Lin Q, Bai J, Zhang L, Fang Y. An insight into the health beneficial of probiotics dairy products: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11290-11309. [PMID: 35730254 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2090493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic dairy products satisfy people's pursuit of health, and are widely favored because of their easy absorption, high nutritional value, and various health benefits. However, its effectiveness and safety are still controversial. This proposal aims to analyze the effect of probiotics on the quality characteristics of dairy products, clarify a series of physiological functions of probiotic dairy products and critically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotic dairy products. Also, dairy products containing inactivated microorganisms were compared with probiotic products. The addition of probiotics enables dairy products to obtain unique quality characteristics, and probiotic dairy products have better health-promoting effects. This review will promote the further development of probiotic dairy products, provide directions for the research and development of probiotic-related products, and help guide the general public to choose and purchase probiotic fermentation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinTao He
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Millar CL, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Sahni S. Dairy food intake is not associated with spinal trabecular bone score in men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Nutr J 2022; 21:26. [PMID: 35538577 PMCID: PMC9092785 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone texture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt and milk + yogurt + cheese) with spinal trabecular bone score (TBS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dairy food intake (servings/wk). TBS, an analysis of bone texture, was calculated from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Sex-specific multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted via residual methods) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Mean age of 4,740 participants was 49 (SD: 13) years and mean milk + yogurt + cheese intake was 10.1 (SD: 8.4) servings/week in men and 10.9 (SD: 8.0) servings/week in women. There were no associations between dairy food intake and spinal TBS in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of primarily healthy adults, dairy intake was not associated with bone texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Millar
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Department of Medicine, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA.
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8
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de Sire A, de Sire R, Curci C, Castiglione F, Wahli W. Role of Dietary Supplements and Probiotics in Modulating Microbiota and Bone Health: The Gut-Bone Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040743. [PMID: 35203401 PMCID: PMC8870226 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an alteration of bone microstructure with a decreased bone mineral density, leading to the incidence of fragility fractures. Around 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis, representing a major health burden worldwide. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Today, altered intestinal homeostasis is being investigated as a potential additional risk factor for reduced bone health and, therefore, as a novel potential therapeutic target. The intestinal microflora influences osteoclasts’ activity by regulating the serum levels of IGF-1, while also acting on the intestinal absorption of calcium. It is therefore not surprising that gut dysbiosis impacts bone health. Microbiota alterations affect the OPG/RANKL pathway in osteoclasts, and are correlated with reduced bone strength and quality. In this context, it has been hypothesized that dietary supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics contribute to the intestinal microecological balance that is important for bone health. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to describe the state of the art on the role of dietary supplements and probiotics as therapeutic agents for bone health regulation and osteoporosis, through gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Sire
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Roberto de Sire
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudio Curci
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.d.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology (UMR 1331), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment (INRAE), F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.d.S.); (W.W.)
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9
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Faraj M, Napoli N. The Impact of Diet on Bone and Fracture Risk in Diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:26-42. [PMID: 35201556 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific evidence on the effects of diet on diabetes and skeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS The impact of diet on overall health has been a growing topic of interest among researchers. An inappropriate eating habit is a relatively modified risk factor for diabetes in adults. Parallel with the significant increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, many studies have shown the benefits of lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise for people with, or at risk of developing, diabetes. In the last years, accumulating evidence suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for bone fragility. As lifestyle intervention represents an effective option for diabetes management and treatment, there is potential for an effect on bone health. Healthy lifestyle is critical to prevent bone fragility. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the impact of diet and weight loss on fracture risk in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faraj
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - N Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Bone mineral mass, geometry and microstructure, hence determinants of fracture risk, result bone accrual during growth and bone loss later in life. Peak bone mass, which is reached by the end of the second decade of life, is mainly determined by genetic factors. Among other factors influencing bone capital, dietary intakes, particularly calcium and protein, play a significant role in peak bone mass attainment. Both nutrients are provided in dairy products, which accounts for 50-60% and 20-30% of the daily calcium and protein intakes, respectively. Children avoiding dairy products are at higher risk of fracture, as are adults or older individuals following a diet devoid of dairy products, like vegans. Various intervention trials have shown some beneficial effects of dairy products on bone capital accumulation during growth and on bone turnover in adults. In observational studies, dairy products intake, particularly the fermented ones, which also provide probiotics in addition to calcium, phosphorus and protein, appear to be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
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11
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Millar CL, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Sahni S. Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated with Measures of Bone Microarchitecture in Men and Women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113940. [PMID: 34836198 PMCID: PMC8622947 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that dairy foods are associated with higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. However, data on bone strength and bone microarchitecture are lacking. We determined the association of dairy food intake (milk, yogurt, cheese, milk + yogurt, and milk + yogurt + cheese, servings/week) with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measures of bone (failure load, cortical BMD, cortical thickness, trabecular BMD, and trabecular number). This cross-sectional study included participants with diet from a food frequency questionnaire (in 2005–2008 and/or 1998–2001) and measurements of cortical and trabecular BMD and microarchitecture at the distal tibia and radius (from HR-pQCT in 2012–2015). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression estimated the association of dairy food intake (energy adjusted) with each bone measure adjusting for covariates. Mean age was 64 (SD 8) years and total milk + yogurt + cheese intake was 10.0 (SD 6.6) and 10.6 (6.4) servings/week in men and women, respectively. No significant associations were observed for any of the dairy foods and bone microarchitecture measures except for cheese intake, which was inversely associated with cortical BMD at the radius (p = 0.001) and tibia (p = 0.002) in women alone. In this cohort of primarily healthy older men and women, dairy intake was not associated with bone microarchitecture. The findings related to cheese intake and bone microarchitecture in women warrant further investigation.
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12
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Rizzoli R, Biver E, Brennan-Speranza TC. Nutritional intake and bone health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:606-621. [PMID: 34242583 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic or fragility fractures affect one in two women and one in five men who are older than 50. These events are associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and an impaired quality of life. Recommended general measures for fragility fracture prevention include a balanced diet with an optimal protein and calcium intake and vitamin D sufficiency, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise. In this narrative Review, we discuss the role of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in maintaining bone health. Much of this information comes from observational studies. Bone mineral density, microstructure-estimated bone strength, and trabecular and cortical microstructure are positively associated with total protein intake. Several studies indicate that fracture risk might be lower with a higher dietary protein intake, provided that the calcium supply is sufficient. Dairy products are a valuable source of these two nutrients. Hip fracture risk appears to be lower in consumers of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products. Consuming less than five servings per day of fruit and vegetables is associated with a higher hip fracture risk. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet or to a prudent diet is associated with a lower fracture risk. These various nutrients and dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition or function, or both. The conclusions of this Review emphasise the importance of a balanced diet including minerals, protein, and fruit and vegetables for bone health and in the prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bielik V, Kolisek M. Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136803. [PMID: 34202712 PMCID: PMC8268569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate amounts of a wide range of micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient to meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem to be the result of a physically active life or of athletic training but is more likely to arise from disturbances in the quality and quantity of ingested food. The lack of some minerals in the body appears to be symbolic of the modern era reflecting either the excessive intake of empty calories or a negative energy balance from drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary micronutrient availability and microbial composition in the gut. However, the influence of human gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of trace elements in human food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play a role by effecting mineral bioavailability and bioaccessibility, which are further increased through the fermentation of cereals and the soaking and germination of crops. Moreover, probiotics have a positive effect on iron, calcium, selenium, and zinc in relation to gut microbiome composition and metabolism. The current literature reveals the beneficial effects of bacteria on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in supporting both the human gut microbiome and overall health. This review focuses on interactions between the gut microbiota and several minerals in sport nutrition, as related to a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bielik
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
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14
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Lecerf JM. [Nutritional advices for postmenopausal woman. Postmenopausal women management: CNGOF and GEMVi clinical practice guidelines]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2021; 49:349-357. [PMID: 33753299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a key period for health due to physiological changes, particularly of body composition (with decrease of lean mass and increase of fat mass) and of body fat distribution, leading to a higher risk for bone and muscular health and cardiometabolic health. Nutritional advices, associated to physical activity advices, may partially prevent these effects. The energy balance will be moderately negative if there is a weight gain, while the protein intake will be preserved and a regular physical activity will be increased. A Mediterranean style diet will be beneficial on cardiovascular health. Dairy products will be preserved, but restrictive and dietary exclusion will be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Lecerf
- Service de nutrition et activité physique, institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Professeur-Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France; Service de médecine interne, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
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15
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Papageorgiou M, Biver E. Interactions of the microbiome with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the management of ageing-related musculoskeletal diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211009018. [PMID: 34104230 PMCID: PMC8172340 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic options for common ageing-related musculoskeletal conditions (i.e. osteoporosis and associated fractures, sarcopenia and osteoarthritis), there is still a considerable proportion of patients who respond sub optimally to available treatments or experience adverse effects. Emerging microbiome research suggests that perturbations in microbial composition, functional and metabolic capacity (i.e. dysbiosis) are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders including musculoskeletal diseases. Besides its contributions to disease pathogenesis, the role of the microbiome is further extended to shaping individuals' responses to disease therapeutics (i.e. pharmacomicrobiomics). In this review, we focus on the reciprocal interactions between the microbiome and therapeutics for osteoporosis, sarcopenia and osteoarthritis. Specifically, we identify the effects of therapeutics on microbiome's configurations, functions and metabolic output, intestinal integrity and immune function, but also the effects of the microbiome on the metabolism of these therapeutics, which in turn, may influence their bioavailability, efficacy and side-effect profile contributing to variable treatment responses in clinical practice. We further discuss emerging strategies for microbiota manipulation as preventive or therapeutic (alone or complementary to available treatments) approaches for improving outcomes of musculoskeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
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16
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Milk and Dairy Products: Good or Bad for Human Bone? Practical Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041329. [PMID: 33920532 PMCID: PMC8072827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects women twice as often as men. Additionally, it is estimated that 0.3 million and 1.7 million people have hip fractures in the USA and Europe, respectively. Having a proper peak bone mass and keeping it as long as possible is especially important for osteoporosis prevention. One of the most important calcium sources is milk and dairy products. Breast milk is the best infant food, but milk should not be avoided later in life to prevent losing bone mass. On the other hand, more and more people limit their milk consumption and consume other dairy or non-dairy products. For example, they are usually replaced with plant beverages, which should be consumed carefully in several age groups. Additionally, an important element of milk and dairy products, as well as plant beverages, are probiotics and prebiotics, which may modulate bone turnover. Dietary recommendations focused on milk, and dairy products are an important element for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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17
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Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, Li S, Wu J. Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2234-2262. [PMID: 33522110 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Fernández-Murga ML, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 reverses the adverse effects of diet-induced obesity through the gut-bone axis. Bone 2020; 141:115580. [PMID: 32795675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and the associated chronic metabolic diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes) adversely affect bone metabolism and health. Gut microbiota is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and also represents a therapeutic target. This study has investigated the contribution of diet-induced obesity to alterations in bone health and metabolism and whether these could be restored by oral administration of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765. To do so, adult male wild-type C57BL-6 mice were fed either a standard or high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented or not with B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 (109 CFU/day) for 14 weeks. Effects on bone mass density (BMD), bone mineral content, bone remodeling, bone structure and gene expression were assessed. In HFD-fed mice, bone microstructural properties at the distal femur showed deteriorated trabecular architecture in bone volumetric fraction, trabecular number and trabecular pattern factor. Besides, the HFD reduced the volumetric bone mineral density in the trabecular bone, but not in the cortical bone. All these bone microstructural alterations found in obese mice were reversed by B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765. Administration of the bacterium increased (p < .05) the Wnt/β-catenin pathway gene expression, which could mediate effects on BMD. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 supplementation increased (p < .05) serum osteocalcin (OC, bone formation parameter), and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) (p < .01) and parathormone (PTH) (p < .05) (both bone resorption parameters). It also altered the microstructure of the femur. In summary, HFD interfered with the normal bone homeostasis leading to increased bone loss. In obese mice, B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 lowered bone mass loss and enhanced BMD by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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19
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Papageorgiou M, Merminod F, Chevalley T, van Rietbergen B, Ferrari S, Rizzoli R, Biver E. Associations between age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength and dietary acid load in a cohort of community-dwelling, healthy men and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1120-1131. [PMID: 32678420 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of dietary acid load (DAL) in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is still debated. Age-related changes in bone microstructure and strength in relation to DAL remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations between changes in areal and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and strength, fracture risk, and DAL in a prospective cohort of 65-y-old healthy men and postmenopausal women. METHODS Potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/d) was calculated as a DAL proxy to characterize participants' diet as alkaline (Alk-D; PRAL < -5), neutral (Neut-D; -5 ≤ PRAL ≤ 5), or acidic (Acid-D; PRAL >5). We measured areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA, and distal radius and tibia bone microstructure using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, at baseline (n = 853) and after 6.1 ± 1.4 y (n = 708). Bone strength was estimated using finite element analyses at baseline and after 3.0 ± 0.5 y (n = 613). Prevalent and incident fractures were recorded. RESULTS The majority of the participants (59%) had an Alk-D, while 23% had a Neut-D, and 18% an Acid-D. Baseline aBMD and bone microstructure and strength did differ or were slightly better in women or men with an Acid-D versus those consuming an Alk-D or Neut-D. Indeed, women with an Acid-D had higher trabecular number (P = 0.010 vs. Alk-D; P = 0.001 vs. Neut-D), while men had higher hip and radius aBMD (P = 0.008 and 0.024 vs. Neut-D, respectively) and radius strength (P = 0.026 vs. Neut-D). Over the follow-up, women in the Acid-D group experienced lower cortical and endocortical bone loss at the radius than did the Alk-D and Neut-D groups (cortical thickness, P = 0.008 and < 0.001; trabecular area, P = 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). No association between fractures and PRAL was observed. CONCLUSIONS These null or favourable associations between baseline values or changes in aBMD, bone microstructure and strength, and DAL in this cohort of 65-y-old healthy individuals do not support adverse DAL-mediated effects on bone. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN11865958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Merminod
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Lappe J, O’Brien KO, Wang DD, Sahni S, Weaver CM. Dairy intake and bone health across the lifespan: a systematic review and expert narrative. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3661-3707. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1810624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regan L. Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Joan Lappe
- College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kimberly O. O’Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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21
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Hidayat K, Du X, Shi BM, Qin LQ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1411-1425. [PMID: 32383066 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present meta-analysis, reductions in the risk of hip fracture with milk consumption were only observed among American adults, but not among Scandinavian adults, possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Scandinavian countries. The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption, which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health. INTRODUCTION Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients, the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal. Fueling this uncertainty, the elevated risk of hip fracture in association with milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed to critically evaluate the association, or lack thereof, between dairy consumption (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and the risk of hip fracture. METHODS A random effects model was used to generate the summary relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of the highest versus lowest category of consumption, higher consumption of yogurt (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68, 0.90), but not milk (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.02) or cheese (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.66, 1.08), was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture. For milk, the reduced risk of fracture with higher milk consumption was observed in the USA (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65, 0.87), but not in Scandinavian countries (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85, 1.17). These findings were further supported by the fact that American studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98; per 1 glass/day), but not Scandinavian studies (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95, 1.07; per 1 glass/day), demonstrated a linear association between milk consumption and the risk of hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidence from prospective cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk, yogurt, and cheese, and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidayat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - X Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - B-M Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - L-Q Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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22
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Morato-Martínez M, López-Plaza B, Santurino C, Palma-Milla S, Gómez-Candela C. A Dairy Product to Reconstitute Enriched with Bioactive Nutrients Stops Bone Loss in High-Risk Menopausal Women without Pharmacological Treatment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082203. [PMID: 32722015 PMCID: PMC7468696 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of the internal structure of the bone, increasing the risk of fractures, and is becoming an economic and social problem. The main treatment is pharmacological, however, the population demands other therapies, such as foods with nutrients beneficial to bone health. Seventy-eight healthy menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis or untreated osteopenia were recruited for a randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial with two intervention groups: one group consumed a serving a day of the experimental enriched product (experimental group (EG)) and the other group (control group (CG)) consumed the same product without enrichment. The main objective was to compare the effect of consuming a dairy preparation to reconstitute, similar to yogurt when prepared, enriched in calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C, zinc, magnesium, L-leucine and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum 3547) on bone metabolism markers for 24 weeks. The EG showed a significantly increased bone mass compared to the CG (0.01 ± 0.03 vs. −0.01 ± 0.03 kg; p < 0.05). In addition, the EG maintained their bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the CG, whose BMD significantly decreased at the end of the study. For biochemical markers, the EG significantly increased the serum levels of the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) bone formation marker (13.19 ± 25.17 vs. −4.21 ± 15.62 ng/mL; p < 0.05), and decreased the carbo-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) bone resorption marker compared to the CG (−0.05 ± 0.19 vs. 0.04 ± 0.14 ng/mL; p < 0.05). On the other hand, the EG exhibited a significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the start of the study. Finally, the EG significantly increased their dietary calcium and vitamin D intake compared to the CG. In conclusion, the regular consumption of a dairy product to reconstitute enriched with bioactive nutrients improves bone health markers in menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis without pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morato-Martínez
- Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.P.-M.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-277-000 (ext. 42507)
| | - Cristina Santurino
- Nutrition Research Group, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samara Palma-Milla
- Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.P.-M.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (S.P.-M.); (C.G.-C.)
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23
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Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Michalak M, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Czarnywojtek A, Wawrzyniak A, Łykowska-Szuber L, Stawczyk-Eder K, Dobrowolska A, Eder P. Milk and dairy product consumption in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Helpful or harmful to bone mineral density? Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110830. [PMID: 32563771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limiting the consumption of milk and dairy products (DPs) constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and the frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with IBD. We also investigated the correlation between BMD and consumption of milk and DPs, as well as with calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentration levels. METHODS The study comprised 208 patients with IBD. Densitometric measurements were performed using the dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry. Before (IBD-I) and after the diagnosis (IBD-II) of IBD, we used a questionnaire to assess the consumption of milk and DPs. Serum concentrations of PTH, 25(OH)D, calcium, and phosphate were determined. RESULTS The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the IBD patient group was 48.1%. At the same time, 87% of patients with IBD reported milk consumption. Patients from this group with proper bone mass amounted to 91.7%, whereas patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis comprised 82% (P = 0.0382) of patients. In patients with IBD who consumed milk, femoral neck BMD (0.97 ± 0.17 g/cm2) was higher than in those not drinking milk (0.897 ± 0.154 g/cm2; P = 0.0587). The percentage of patients with IBD consuming DPs was 96.2%; however, this number decreased after diagnosis and was equal to IBD-II: 83% (P < 0.0001). Additionally, concentration levels of 25(OH)D decreased in the IBD group (21.82 ± 10.82 ng/dL). CONCLUSION Not only does IBD entail a high prevalence of osteoporosis, but BMD values are also indirectly affected by the fact that patient consumption of milk and other DPs decreases after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Sciences and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wawrzyniak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamila Stawczyk-Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients at high risk of fracture and/or for those receiving pharmacological osteoporosis treatments. Probiotics are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, likely by influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and/or function. GM has been shown to influence various determinants of bone health. RECENT FINDINGS In animal models, probiotics prevent bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency, diabetes, or glucocorticoid treatments, by modulating both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblast. In humans, they interfere with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and calcium intake and absorption, and slightly decrease bone loss in elderly postmenopausal women, in a quite similar magnitude as observed with calcium ± vitamin D supplements. A dietary source of probiotics is fermented dairy products which can improve calcium balance, prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism, and attenuate age-related increase of bone resorption and bone loss. Additional studies are required to determine whether probiotics or any other interventions targeting GM and its metabolites may be adjuvant treatment to calcium and vitamin D or anti-osteoporotic drugs in the general management of patients with bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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25
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Lanyan A, Marques-Vidal P, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Hans D, Lamy O. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consume high amounts of vegetables but insufficient dairy products and calcium to benefit from their virtues: the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:875-886. [PMID: 31848641 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the associations between nutrients, dietary patterns or compliance to dietary guidelines and bone health among postmenopausal women from the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis consume a high amount of vegetables but insufficient amount of dairy products and calcium to benefit from their adherence to dietary guidelines. INTRODUCTION Diet plays a significant role in the prevention of osteoporosis (OP). We evaluated the associations between nutrients, dietary patterns or compliance (expressed in odds of meeting) to dietary Swiss guidelines and bone health (T score < - 2.5 SD, TBS < 1230) among postmenopausal women. METHODS One thousand two hundred fifteen women (64.3 ± 7.5 years) from the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort (Lausanne, Switzerland) had their dietary intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS) and vertebral fractures were evaluated with DXA. OP risk factors, calcium supplements (> 500 mg) and prevalent major OP fractures were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS One hundred eighty of 1195 women had OP according to BMD, 87/1185 a low TBS and 141/1215 prevalent major OP fractures. In multivariate analysis (adjusted for total energy intake, age, antiosteoporotic treatment, educational level, BMI, sedentary status and diabetes), OP women consumed more vegetable proteins (21.3 ± 0.4 vs 19.6 ± 0.2 g/day), more fibres (18.2 ± 0.5 vs 16.5 ± 0.2 g/day), less animal proteins (40.0 ± 1.1 vs 42.8 ± 0.4 g/day), less calcium (928 ± 30 vs 1010 ± 12 mg/day) and less dairy products (175 ± 12 vs 215 ± 5 g/day), all p ≤ 0.02. According to guidelines, OP women had a tendency to higher compliance for vegetables (OR (95% CI) 1.50 (0.99-2.26)) and a lower compliance for dairy (OR (95% CI) 0.44 (0.22-0.86)) than those without OP. Women taking calcium supplements consumed significantly higher amounts of dairy products. No association was found between TBS values or prevalent OP fractures and any dietary components. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with OP consume a high amount of vegetables but insufficient amount of dairy products and calcium. TBS does not seem to be influenced by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lanyan
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Bone Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Hans
- Bone Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Lamy
- Service of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Bone Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mediterranean diet, tobacco consumption and body composition during perimenopause. The FLAMENCO project. Maturitas 2020; 137:30-36. [PMID: 32498934 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and tobacco consumption with body composition during perimenopause. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study in 176 perimenopausal women from the FLAMENCO project. A food frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Score were assessed. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), ratio of gynecoid to total fat mass (G/T), ratio of android to gynecoid fat mass (A/G), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and waist circumference (WC). RESULTS Intake of whole-grain cereals was associated with lower WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of nuts was associated with lower BMI and FM percentage and intake of fruits with lower BMI, WC, total and android FM, FM percentage, A/G, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of pulses was associated with lower weight, BMI and android FM. Intake of whole dairy products was associated with lower weight, BMI, WC, total and android FM and VAT (all p < 0.05). Intake of olive oil was associated with lower WC and FM percentage (all p < 0.05). Intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher weight, BMI, WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and total FM (all, p < 0.05). Smokers had a lower MD adherence (p < 0.05). Finally, a greater MD adherence was associated with higher G/T (p < 0.01) and lower A/G (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A higher MD adherence, avoiding tobacco, an increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, nuts, fruits, pulses, whole dairy products and olive oil, and a lower consumption of sweetened beverages might contribute to a healthier body composition during perimenopause.
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Geiker NRW, Mølgaard C, Iuliano S, Rizzoli R, Manios Y, van Loon LJC, Lecerf JM, Moschonis G, Reginster JY, Givens I, Astrup A. Impact of whole dairy matrix on musculoskeletal health and aging-current knowledge and research gaps. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:601-615. [PMID: 31728607 PMCID: PMC7075832 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products are included in dietary guidelines worldwide, as milk, yoghurt, and cheese are good sources of calcium and protein, vital nutrients for bones and muscle mass maintenance. Bone growth and mineralization occur during infancy and childhood, peak bone mass being attained after early adulthood. A low peak bone mass has consequences later in life, including increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Currently, more than 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with approximately 9 million fractures yearly. This poses a tremendous economic burden on health care. Between 5% and 10% of the elderly suffer from sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength, further increasing the risk of fractures due to falls. Evidence from interventional and observational studies support that fermented dairy products in particular exert beneficial effects on bone growth and mineralization, attenuation of bone loss, and reduce fracture risk. The effect cannot be explained by single nutrients in dairy, which suggests that a combined or matrix effect may be responsible similar to the matrix effects of foods on cardiometabolic health. Recently, several plant-based beverages and products have become available and marketed as substitutes for dairy products, even though their nutrient content differs substantially from dairy. Some of these products have been fortified, in efforts to mimic the nutritional profile of milk, but it is unknown whether the additives have the same bioavailability and beneficial effect as dairy. We conclude that the dairy matrix exerts an effect on bone and muscle health that is more than the sum of its nutrients, and we suggest that whole foods, not only single nutrients, need to be assessed in future observational and intervention studies of health outcomes. Furthermore, the importance of the matrix effect on health outcomes argues in favor of making future dietary guidelines food based.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R W Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - C Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S Iuliano
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - L J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J-M Lecerf
- Department of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J-Y Reginster
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Bone status of young adults with periodic avoidance of dairy products since childhood. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:645-651. [PMID: 31873800 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper nutrition throughout childhood and adolescence is crucial for normal bone development. We investigated whether adherence to Christian Orthodox Church fasting is characterized by periodic avoidance of animal foods (including dairy products), since childhood affects stature or bone health in young adults. This cross-sectional study included 200 healthy men and women, aged 18-35, of whom 100 had been following religious fasting for a median of 14 years, starting at the age of 10, and 100 were non-fasters. Measurements included body height; bone mineral density and bone mineral content at the lumbar spine, right hip, left hip, right femoral neck, and left femoral neck; prevalence of bone fracture; serum biochemical parameters; food and nutrient intake; and physical activity and smoking habits. Fasters did not differ from non-fasters in anthropometric measures (including height), bone mineral density and content, or prevalence of low bone mineral density at any of the five sites measured; number of bone fractures; or serum calcium or 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (P > 0.05). Fasters had lower daily calcium and protein intakes, as well as lower dairy consumption than non-fasters. Groups did not differ in physical activity, and fasters smoked less than non-fasters.Conclusion: Despite lower calcium intake and lower dairy product consumption, individuals adhering to religious fasting since childhood did not differ in height, bone mineral density and content, or prevalence of fractures from controls. Therefore, periodic abstention from dairy and, generally, animal products since childhood does not seem to compromise bone health in young adults.What is Known: • Bone health is an important determinant of overall health and longevity. • Proper nutrition throughout childhood and adolescence is crucial for normal bone development. • Adequate intake of dairy products is considered important due to their high calcium content.What is New: • Young adults with limited calcium intake and dairy product consumption, due to adherence to the fasting rules of the Christian Orthodox Church since childhood, do not differ in height or indices of bone health from non-fasting controls.
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Ong AM, Kang K, Weiler HA, Morin SN. Fermented Milk Products and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, Prospective Cohorts, and Case-Control Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:251-265. [PMID: 31603185 PMCID: PMC7442363 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and milk product consumption is positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Emerging evidence suggests that fermented milk products (FMPs) may have specific beneficial effects on skeletal health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of FMPs on bone health indicators in postmenopausal women given their increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort and case-control studies that examined the relation between FMPs and bone health outcomes (fracture incidence, BMD, BMD T-score, and percentage change in bone turnover markers) in postmenopausal women. Two reviewers independently conducted abstract and full-text screenings and data extractions. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for interventional and observational studies. Pooled RRs were obtained using a random-effects model by the DerSimonian-Laird method. Three RCTs, 3 prospective cohorts, and 3 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. Results of the meta-analysis of 3 cohort studies (n = 102,819) suggest that higher yogurt consumption was associated with reduced hip fracture risk (pooled RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92, I2 = 29%), but no difference in hip fracture risk was found between higher and lower cheese consumption (pooled RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.10, I2 = 0%). Case-control studies revealed that cheese intake had either a null or a protective effect against osteoporosis (BMD T-score ≤-2.5). Daily yogurt or cheese intervention (<2 mo) decreased bone resorption marker concentrations, but had no effect on bone formation markers. In postmenopausal women, of the FMPs studied, only greater yogurt consumption was associated with a reduced risk of hip fracture compared with low or no intake. Daily cheese intake may be associated with higher BMD T-scores, but evidence was limited. Additional and longer-term trials examining these relations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Ong
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kai Kang
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada,Department of Research and Surveillance Evaluation, Shanghai Center for Health Promotion, Jingan Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Address correspondence to SNM (e-mail: )
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Aslam H, Holloway-Kew KL, Mohebbi M, Jacka FN, Pasco JA. Association between dairy intake and fracture in an Australian-based cohort of women: a prospective study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031594. [PMID: 31753881 PMCID: PMC6887043 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the inconsistent evidence on dairy consumption and risk of fracture, we assessed the association between milk/total dairy consumption and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in women from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS). METHODS Women aged ≥50 years (n=833) were followed from baseline (1993-1997) to date of first fracture, death or 31 December 2017, whichever occurred first. Dairy consumption was assessed by self-report at baseline and the follow-up phases. MOFs (hip, forearm, clinical spine and proximal humerus) were confirmed radiologically. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between milk/total dairy (milk, cheese, yoghurt, ice cream) consumption and MOFs. Cross-sectional associations between milk/total dairy consumption and serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) at baseline were investigated using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS During follow-up (11 507 person-years), 206 women had an MOF. Consuming >500 mL/d of milk was not significantly associated with increased HR for MOF. Non-milk (1.56; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.46) drinkers and consumption of ≥800 g/d total dairy (1.70; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.93) had marginally higher HR for MOF compared with consuming <250 mL/d of milk and 200-399 g/d of total dairy, respectively. Milk consumption was inversely associated with serum hsCRP and CTx, but total dairy consumption was not associated with these serum markers. CONCLUSION Higher milk consumption did not increase the risk for MOF in older women. However, a trend for increased MOF was detected in zero milk and higher total dairy consuming women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajara Aslam
- School of Medicine, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara L Holloway-Kew
- School of Medicine, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health,Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- School of Medicine, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, IMPACT SRC, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Rodopaios NE, Mougios V, Konstantinidou A, Iosifidis S, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Dermitzakis E, Hassapidou M, Kafatos AG. Effect of periodic abstinence from dairy products for approximately half of the year on bone health in adults following the Christian Orthodox Church fasting rules for decades. Arch Osteoporos 2019; 14:68. [PMID: 31243579 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-019-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting is characterized by periodic abstinence from animal foods (including dairy products). We found that, despite this, older individuals adhering to COC fasting for decades did not differ in bone mineral density, bone mineral content, or prevalence of osteoporosis at five sites from non-fasting controls. PURPOSE The present observational study investigated whether adherence to COC fasting, characterized by periodic abstinence from animal foods (including dairy products), affects bone health and the prevalence of osteoporosis in older individuals. METHODS Participants were 200 men and women, of whom 100 had been following the fasting rules of the COC for a median of 31 years and 100 were non-fasters, all aged 50 to 78 years. Participants underwent measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine, right hip, left hip, right femoral neck, and left femoral neck; completed a 3-day food intake record and food frequency questionnaire; and provided blood samples for biochemical measurements. RESULTS Fasters did not differ from non-fasters in demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, BMD, BMC, or prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis at any of the five sites measured (P > 0.05). Fasters had lower daily calcium intake than non-fasters (median 532 vs 659 mg, P = 0.010), daily protein intake (0.67 vs 0.71 g/kg, P = 0.028), and consumption of dairy and soy products (10.3 vs 15.3 servings per week, P < 0.001). Groups did not differ in serum calcium, vitamin D, or urea concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Despite lower calcium intake and lower consumption of dairy and soy products, older individuals adhering to COC fasting did not differ in BMD, BMC, or prevalence of osteoporosis from controls. Thus, periodic abstinence from dairy and, generally, animal products does not seem to compromise bone health in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E Rodopaios
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Konstantinidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, Greece
| | - Stelios Iosifidis
- Department of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra-Aikaterini Koulouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, Greece
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, Alexander Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, Greece
| | - Anthony G Kafatos
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Rizzoli R. Nutritional influence on bone: role of gut microbiota. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:743-751. [PMID: 30710248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) located within the intestinal tract lumen comprises the largest number of cells (10E14) in the human body. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of genomes and genes present in gut microbiota. GM can vary according to age, sex, genetic background, immune status, geography, diet, prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers metabolized in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics, which are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, living conditions, diseases and drugs. A source of probiotics is fortified fermented dairy products, which in addition provide calcium, protein, phosphorus and various micronutrients. Bone homeostasis is influenced by GM composition and/or products. GM appears to be a major player in the various determinants of bone health. However, it remains to be demonstrated in well conducted long-term randomized controlled trials, whether interventions changing GM composition and/or function are capable of reducing fracture risk.
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Matía-Martín P, Torrego-Ellacuría M, Larrad-Sainz A, Fernández-Pérez C, Cuesta-Triana F, Rubio-Herrera MÁ. Effects of Milk and Dairy Products on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fractures in Europeans and Non-Hispanic Whites from North America: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S120-S143. [PMID: 31089740 PMCID: PMC6518141 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in bone health. The aim of our study was to update the evidence regarding dairy intake, osteoporotic fracture (OF) risk, and prospective bone mass density (BMD) evolution assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Europeans and non-Hispanic whites from North America. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus for papers published from 1 January, 2000 to 30 April, 2018. The eligibility criteria were as follows: healthy adults; measurable dairy exposure; hip, vertebral, wrist or OF as outcomes; and cohort or case-control studies. Two independent investigators conducted the search and the data extraction. A pooled analysis was conducted with random-effects models. Publication bias and meta-regression were considered. Ten cohort studies relating to OF risk were selected for meta-analysis. Three papers reporting BMD changes associated with dairy intake could not be aggregated in the meta-analysis. The pooled HRs of the highest compared with the lowest levels of dairy intake were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.03; I2 = 82.9%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001) for OF at any site; 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.01; I2 = 86.7%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001) for hip fractures; and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.99; I2 = 0.0%; P-heterogeneity = 0.512) for vertebral fractures. Concerning BMD, the selected studies described a 1.7-3% lower hip BMD in young and postmenopausal women with poor intake of milk in their youth, a positive relationship between baseline milk ingestion and the percentage of trochanter BMD change in elderly people, and a positive correlation between milk consumption and BMD change at the radius in women aged >65 y. In conclusion, in the studied population, the highest consumption of dairy products did not show a clear association with the total OF or hip fracture risks; however, a diminished risk of vertebral fracture could be described. The results regarding BMD change were heterogeneous and did not allow for a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Matía-Martín
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
| | - Macarena Torrego-Ellacuría
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
| | - Angélica Larrad-Sainz
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
| | - Cristina Fernández-Pérez
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
- Departments of Preventive Medicine
| | - Federico Cuesta-Triana
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
- Geriatrics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rubio-Herrera
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:3-44. [PMID: 30324412 PMCID: PMC7026233 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 841] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Guidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2013. This manuscript updates these in a European setting. METHODS Systematic reviews were updated. RESULTS The following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmacological management of osteoporosis; monitoring of treatment; assessment of fracture risk; case-finding strategies; investigation of patients; health economics of treatment. The update includes new information on the evaluation of bone microstructure evaluation in facture risk assessment, the role of FRAX® and Fracture Liaison Services in secondary fracture prevention, long-term effects on fracture risk of dietary intakes, and increased fracture risk on stopping drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for national use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Rizzoli
- University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-Y Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Pieralice S, Vigevano F, Del Toro R, Napoli N, Maddaloni E. Lifestyle Management of Diabetes: Implications for the Bone-Vascular Axis. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:84. [PMID: 30121859 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the main pathways involved in the interplay between bone and cardiovascular disease and to highlight the possible impact of physical activity and medical nutrition therapy on the bone-vascular axis. RECENT FINDINGS Diabetes increases the risk of both cardiovascular disease and bone fragility fractures, sharing common pathogenic pathways, including OPG/RANK/RANKL, the FGF23/Klotho axis, calciotropic hormones, and circulating osteogenic cells. This may offer new therapeutic targets for future treatment strategies. As lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment, there is potential for an impact on the bone-vascular axis. Evidence published suggests the bone-vascular axis encompasses key pathways for cardiovascular disease. This, along with studies showing physical activity plays a crucial role in the prevention of both bone fragility and cardiovascular disease, suggests that lifestyle intervention incorporating exercise and diet may be helpful in managing skeletal health decline in diabetes. Studies investigating the controversial role of high-fiber diet and dietary vitamin D/calcium on bone and cardiovascular health suggest an overall benefit, but further investigations are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pieralice
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vigevano
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Del Toro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
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