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Gallo MT, Dolci B, Fumagalli F, Brivio P, Calabrese F. Prenatal Fluoxetine Exposure Influences Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex of Adolescent Rats Exposed to Acute Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1560-1569. [PMID: 38507566 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Any deviation from the programmed processes of brain development may modify its formation and functions, thereby precipitating pathological conditions, which often become manifest in adulthood. Exposure to a challenge during crucial periods of vulnerability, such as adolescence, may reveal molecular changes preceding behavioral outcomes. Based on a previous study showing that prenatal fluoxetine (FLX) leads to the development of an anhedonic-like behavior in adult rats, we aimed to assess whether the same treatment regimen (i.e., fluoxetine during gestation; 15 mg/kg/day) influences the ability to respond to acute restraint stress (ARS) during adolescence. We subjected the rats to a battery of behavioral tests evaluating the development of various phenotypes (cognitive deficit, anhedonia, and anxiety). Furthermore, we carried out molecular analyses in the plasma and prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved in stress response, and whose functions are commonly altered in neuropsychiatric conditions. Our findings confirm that prenatal manipulation did not affect behavior in adolescent rats but impaired the capability to respond properly to ARS. Indeed, we observed changes in several molecular key players of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, particularly influencing genomic effects mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. This study highlights that prenatal FLX exposure influences the ability of adolescent male rats to respond to an acute challenge, thereby altering the functionality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and indicates that the prenatal manipulation may prime the response to challenging events during this critical period of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Gallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dolci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
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2
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Geleta U, Prajapati P, Bachstetter A, Nelson PT, Wang WX. Sex-Biased Expression and Response of microRNAs in Neurological Diseases and Neurotrauma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2648. [PMID: 38473893 PMCID: PMC10931569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases and neurotrauma manifest significant sex differences in prevalence, progression, outcome, and therapeutic responses. Genetic predisposition, sex hormones, inflammation, and environmental exposures are among many physiological and pathological factors that impact the sex disparity in neurological diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a powerful class of gene expression regulator that are extensively involved in mediating biological pathways. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play a crucial role in the sex dimorphism observed in various human diseases, including neurological diseases. Understanding the sex differences in miRNA expression and response is believed to have important implications for assessing the risk of neurological disease, defining therapeutic intervention strategies, and advancing both basic research and clinical investigations. However, there is limited research exploring the extent to which miRNAs contribute to the sex disparities observed in various neurological diseases. Here, we review the current state of knowledge related to the sexual dimorphism in miRNAs in neurological diseases and neurotrauma research. We also discuss how sex chromosomes may contribute to the miRNA sexual dimorphism phenomenon. We attempt to emphasize the significance of sexual dimorphism in miRNA biology in human diseases and to advocate a gender/sex-balanced science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urim Geleta
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (U.G.); (P.P.); (A.B.); (P.T.N.)
| | - Paresh Prajapati
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (U.G.); (P.P.); (A.B.); (P.T.N.)
| | - Adam Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (U.G.); (P.P.); (A.B.); (P.T.N.)
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (U.G.); (P.P.); (A.B.); (P.T.N.)
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (U.G.); (P.P.); (A.B.); (P.T.N.)
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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3
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Dósa Z, Nieto-Gonzalez JL, Elfving B, Hougaard KS, Holm MM, Wegener G, Jensen K. Reduction in hippocampal GABAergic transmission in a low birth weight rat model of depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:315-327. [PMID: 36896595 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress is believed to increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression. Adverse genetic and environmental impacts during early development, such as glucocorticoid hyper-exposure, can lead to changes in the foetal brain, linked to mental illnesses developed in later life. Dysfunction in the GABAergic inhibitory system is associated with depressive disorders. However, the pathophysiology of GABAergic signalling is poorly understood in mood disorders. Here, we investigated GABAergic neurotransmission in the low birth weight (LBW) rat model of depression. Pregnant rats, exposed to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, during the last week of gestation, yielded LBW offspring showing anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in adulthood. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells in brain slices were used to examine phasic and tonic GABAA receptor-mediated currents. The transcriptional levels of selected genes associated with synaptic vesicle proteins and GABAergic neurotransmission were investigated. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) was similar in control and LBW rats. Using a paired-pulse protocol to stimulate GABAergic fibres impinging onto granule cells, we found indications of decreased probability of GABA release in LBW rats. However, tonic GABAergic currents and miniature IPSCs, reflecting quantal vesicle release, appeared normal. Additionally, we found elevated expression levels of two presynaptic proteins, Snap-25 and Scamp2, components of the vesicle release machinery. The results suggest that altered GABA release may be an essential feature in the depressive-like phenotype of LBW rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Dósa
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mai Marie Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kimmo Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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4
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Lorenzon F, Gregorio T, Niebisch F, Stolte RCK, Peixe CDMS, Reis WL, Dos Santos GJ, Lima FB. Gestational administration of vitamin D improves maternal care and prevents anxiety-like behavior in male and female Wistar rats prenatally exposed to dexamethasone. Life Sci 2023:121799. [PMID: 37245838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids (GC) can lead to behavioral changes in adulthood. We aimed to explore the effects of gestational administration of vitamin D on the behavioral responses of dams and their offspring prenatally exposed to dexamethasone (DEX). Vitamin D (500UI) was given daily during the whole pregnancy (VD group). Half of the groups that received vitamin D were treated with DEX (0.1 mg/kg, VD + DEX group) daily between the 14th and 19th days of pregnancy. The corresponding control groups of progenitors were assigned (CTL and DEX groups, respectively). Maternal care and the dam's behaviors were evaluated during lactation. The offspring had developmental and behavioral parameters evaluated during lactation and at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Gestational administration of vitamin D increased maternal care and had an anxiolytic-like effect on the dams, but the latter was blocked in DEX-treated dams. Prenatal DEX partially impaired neural development and caused an anxiety-like phenotype in the male and female offspring at 6 months, which was prevented by gestational administration of vitamin D. As well, gestational vitamin D improved memory just in the male offspring, but this response was suppressed by prenatal DEX. We concluded that gestational vitamin D could prevent anxiety-like behavior in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to DEX, which might be, in part, a result of the maternal care improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviano Lorenzon
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamires Gregorio
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Niebisch
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Carla Kachel Stolte
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina De Moraes Silveira Peixe
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luis Reis
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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5
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Gedzun VR, Khukhareva DD, Sarycheva NY, Kotova MM, Kabiolsky IA, Dubynin VA. Perinatal Stressors as a Factor in Impairments to Nervous System Development and Functions: Review of In Vivo Models. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 53:61-69. [PMID: 36969360 PMCID: PMC10006566 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-023-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The human body is faced with stress throughout ontogeny. At the stage of intrauterine development, the mother’s body serves as a source of resources and most of the humoral factors supporting the development of the fetus. In normal conditions, maternal stress-related humoral signals (e.g., cortisol) regulate fetal development; however, distress (excessive pathological stress) in the perinatal period leads to serious and sometimes irreversible changes in the developing brain. The mother being in an unfavorable psychoemotional state, toxins and teratogens, environmental conditions, and severe infectious diseases are the most common risk factors for the development of perinatal nervous system pathology in the modern world. In this regard, the challenge of modeling situations in which prenatal or early postnatal stresses lead to serious impairments to brain development and functioning is extremely relevant. This review addresses the various models of perinatal pathology used in our studies (hypoxia, exposure to valproate, hyperserotoninemia, alcoholization), and assesses the commonality of the mechanisms of the resulting disorders and behavioral phenotypes forming in these models, as well as their relationship with models of perinatal pathology based on the impact of psychoemotional stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. R. Gedzun
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. D. Khukhareva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Yu. Sarycheva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. M. Kotova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Kabiolsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. A. Dubynin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Schmitt A, Falkai P, Papiol S. Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:195-205. [PMID: 36370183 PMCID: PMC9660136 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since more than 3 decades, schizophrenia (SZ) has been regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes that SZ is associated with genetic and environmental risk factors, which influence connectivity in neuronal circuits during vulnerable developmental periods. We carried out a non-systematic review of genetic/environmental factors that increase SZ risk in light of its neurodevelopmental hypothesis. We also reviewed the potential impact of SZ-related environmental and genetic risk factors on grey and white matter pathology and brain function based on magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem studies. Finally, we reviewed studies that have used patient-derived neuronal models to gain knowledge of the role of genetic and environmental factors in early developmental stages. Taken together, these studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors may interact with genetic risk factors during the pre- or postnatal period and/or during adolescence to induce symptoms of SZ in early adulthood. These risk factors induce disturbances of macro- and microconnectivity in brain regions involving the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices and the hippocampus. On the molecular and cellular level, a disturbed synaptic plasticity, loss of oligodendrocytes and impaired myelination have been shown in brain regions of SZ patients. These cellular/histological phenotypes are related to environmental risk factors such as obstetric complications, maternal infections and childhood trauma and genetic risk factors identified in recent genome-wide association studies. SZ-related genetic risk may contribute to active processes interfering with synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. Advances in stem cell technologies are providing promising mechanistic insights into how SZ risk factors impact the developing brain. Further research is needed to understand the timing of the different complex biological processes taking place as a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Barendse MEA, Lara GA, Guyer AE, Swartz JR, Taylor SL, Shirtcliff EA, Lamb ST, Miller C, Ng J, Yu G, Tully LM. Sex and pubertal influences on the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of schizophrenia: A case for longitudinal research on adolescents. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:231-241. [PMID: 36682313 PMCID: PMC10725041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a significant source of heterogeneity in schizophrenia, with more negative symptoms in males and more affective symptoms and internalizing comorbidity in females. In this narrative review, we argue that there are likely sex differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SZ) that originate during puberty and relate to the sex-specific impacts of pubertal maturation on brain development. Pubertal maturation might also trigger underlying (genetic or other) vulnerabilities in at-risk individuals, influencing brain development trajectories that contribute to the emergence of SZ. This review is the first to integrate links between pubertal development and neural development with cognitive neuroscience research in SZ to form and evaluate these hypotheses, with a focus on the frontal-striatal and frontal-limbic networks and their hypothesized contribution to negative and mood symptoms respectively. To test these hypotheses, longitudinal research with human adolescents is needed that examines the role of sex and pubertal development using large cohorts or high risk samples. We provide recommendations for such studies, which will integrate the fields of psychiatry, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and developmental endocrinology towards a more nuanced understanding of the role of pubertal factors in the hypothesized sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Barendse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G A Lara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis, CA, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J R Swartz
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - S L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - E A Shirtcliff
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S T Lamb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Ng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - L M Tully
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA.
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8
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Antón-Galindo E, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Singgih EL, O'Leary A, Norton WH, Strekalova T, Schenck A, Reif A, Lesch KP, Slattery D, Cormand B. The translational genetics of ADHD and related phenotypes in model organisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104949. [PMID: 36368527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. It is well known that ADHD co-occurs frequently with other psychiatric disorders due, in part, to shared genetics factors. Although many studies have contributed to delineate the genetic landscape of psychiatric disorders, their specific molecular underpinnings are still not fully understood. The use of animal models can help us to understand the role of specific genes and environmental stimuli-induced epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of ADHD and its comorbidities. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the functional work performed in rodents, zebrafish and fruit fly and highlight the generated insights into the biology of ADHD, with a special focus on genetics and epigenetics. We also describe the behavioral tests that are available to study ADHD-relevant phenotypes and comorbid traits in these models. Furthermore, we have searched for new models to study ADHD and its comorbidities, which can be useful to test potential pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ester Antón-Galindo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Euginia L Singgih
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - William Hg Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Neuropsychology and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, and Department of Neuropsychology and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - David Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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9
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Near birth experience: An exploratory study on the communication experiences with a hypothetical prenatal consciousness. Explore (NY) 2022:S1550-8307(22)00207-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Basedow LA, Kuitunen-Paul S, Roessner V, Moll GH, Golub Y, Eichler A. Are perinatal measures associated with adolescent mental health? A retrospective exploration with original data from psychiatric cohorts. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:668. [PMID: 36307756 PMCID: PMC9617431 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal markers of prenatal development are associated with offspring psychiatric symptoms. However, there is little research investigating the specificity of perinatal markers for the development of specific disorders. This study aimed to explore if perinatal markers are specifically associated with adolescent substance use disorder (SUDs). METHODS Adolescent participants from two study centers, one for SUD patients (n = 196) and one for general psychopathology (n = 307), were recruited for participation. Since the SUD participants presented with a number of comorbid disorders, we performed a 1-on-1 matching procedure, based on age, gender, and specific pattern of comorbid disorders. This procedure resulted in n = 51 participants from each group. From all participants and their mothers we recorded perinatal markers (mode of birth, weeks of completed pregnancy, birth weight, Apgar score after 5 min) as well as intelligence quotient (IQ). The SUD sample additionally filled out the Youth Safe Report (YSR) as well as the PQ-16 and the DUDIT. We aimed to distinguish the two groups (SUD sample vs. general psychiatric sample) based on the perinatal variables via a logistic regression analysis. Additionally, linear regressions were performed for the total group and the subgroups to assess the relationship between perinatal variables and IQ, YSR, DUDIT and PQ-16. RESULTS The perinatal variables were not able to predict group membership (X2 [4] = 4.77, p = .312, Cox & Snell R² = 0.053). Odds ratios indicated a small increase in probability to belonging to the general psychiatric sample instead of the SUD sample if birth was completed via C-section. After Bonferroni-correction, the linear regression models showed no relation between perinatal markers and IQ (p = .60, R² = 0.068), YSR (p = .09, R² = 0.121), DUDIT (p = .65, R² = 0.020), and PQ-16 (p = .73, R² =0.021). CONCLUSION Perinatal markers were not able to distinguish SUD patients from patients with diverse psychopathologies. This pattern contradicts previous findings, perhaps because our chosen markers reflect general processes instead of specific mechanistic explanations. Future studies should take care to investigate specific prenatal markers and associate them with psychopathology on the symptom level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A. Basedow
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Dept. of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Chair for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunther H. Moll
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yulia Golub
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Dong E, Zhang H, Chu A, Pandey SC. Acute and Protracted Prenatal Stress Produce Mood Disorder-Like and Ethanol Drinking Behaviors in Male and Female Adult Offspring. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:862390. [PMID: 35722193 PMCID: PMC9204301 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.862390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex and chronic relapsing brain disease, which is often co-morbid with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. AUD phenotypes differ in men and women. Although genetic factors play an important role in its pathophysiology, epidemiologic evidence suggests that during prenatal development, individuals are more vulnerable to the negative effects of environmental factors that may predispose them to AUD later in life. We explored the effects of prenatal stress on the development of AUD phenotypes as well as anxiety- and depression-like behaviors using rat model. Methods In this study, timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were used. Dams in the control group were left undisturbed throughout gestation, whereas dams in stress groups were either subjected to protracted or acute restraint stress under bright light. At adulthood, the anxiety-like, ethanol drinking, and sucrose drinking behaviors were measured using the Light/Dark Box test and two-bottle free-choice procedure. Results Compared to the control group, both the male and female offspring in the stress groups exhibited anxiety-like behavior and consumed significantly higher amounts of ethanol in which the acute stress group demonstrated the higher ethanol preference. Moreover, male but not female offspring from the stress groups had decreased sucrose preferences. Conclusion These findings suggest that protracted and acute prenatal stress in late pregnancy can induce in anxiety-, depressive-like behaviors, and excessive ethanol intake in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, College of Medicine, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Erbo Dong
| | - Huaibo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, College of Medicine, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alison Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, College of Medicine, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Subhash C. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, College of Medicine, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Ito T, Saeki H, Guo X, Sysa-Shah P, Tamashiro KL, Lee RS, Ishiyama S, Orita H, Sato K, Brock MV, Gabrielson KL. Prenatal stress enhances atherosclerosis and telomere shortening in ApoE knockout mouse offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R68-R80. [PMID: 35411811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children born to women who experience stress during pregnancy have an increased risk of atherosclerosis in later life, but few animal models have explored mechanisms. To study this phenomena, timed-bred ApoE knockout mice were determined pregnant with ultrasound and randomly assigned on gestation day 8.5 to either a control (no stress) or prenatal stress (PS) group using two hours of restraint for five consecutive days. PS significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels in pregnant mice. The litters from PS mice showed increased neonatal mortality within the first week of life. Body weights (at euthanasia) of adult offspring at 25 weeks from the PS group were significantly increased compared to weights of controls. Adult offspring from these pregnancies were serially imaged with ultrasound to measure plaque thickness and were compared with plaque macro- and microscopic pathology. PS groups had increased plaques thickness by ultrasound, gross, histological evaluation and increased aortic root and valve macrophage infiltration at 25 weeks. Five-week old mice from PS group had significant decrease in mean arterial pressure, yet blood pressure normalized by 10 weeks. Since prenatal stress induced increased atherosclerosis, and telomeres are susceptible to stress, aortas from 10 week old mice were compared for telomere lengths and were found to be significantly shorter in PS mice compared to control mice. These studies support future investigation of how stress impacts telomere shortening in animal models and human aortas. This model could be further utilized to investigate the role of prenatal stress, telomere biology and atherosclerosis pathogenesis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ito
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center. Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan, United States
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, United States
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Polina Sysa-Shah
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center. Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan, United States
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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13
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Alvares Bíscaro R. Epigenetics and the return to the great mother archetype. THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 67:445-454. [PMID: 35856535 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of how signals from the environment can change gene expression through the creation of molecules and chemical bonds that can last a lifetime and, therefore, determine the phenotype (the characteristics of the individual resulting from the interaction of their genotype [genes] with their environment). Research in this field began at McGill University, Canada, where it was observed that rats' mothers who were more nurturing raised more resilient pups. Since then, many studies have been carried out with animals and humans, showing the link between epigenetic changes and the experience of the great mother archetype - with potential consequences for the emotional life of the individual and for society.
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14
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Davis JLB, O’Connor M, Erlbacher H, Schlichte SL, Stevens HE. The Impact of Maternal Antioxidants on Prenatal Stress Effects on Offspring Neurobiology and Behavior. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:87-104. [PMID: 35370489 PMCID: PMC8961714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress is a neuropsychiatric risk factor, and effects may be mediated by prenatal oxidative stress. Cell types in the brain sensitive to oxidative stress-cortical microglia and cortical and hippocampal interneurons-may be altered by oxidative stress generated during prenatal stress and may be neurobiological substrates for altered behavior. Our objective was to determine the critical nature of oxidative stress in prenatal stress effects by manipulating prenatal antioxidants. CD1 mouse dams underwent restraint embryonic day 12 to 18 three times daily or no stress and received intraperitoneal injections before each stress period of vehicle, N-acetylcysteine (200 mg/kg daily), or astaxanthin (30 mg/kg before first daily stress, 10 mg/kg before second/third stresses). Adult male and female offspring behavior, microglia, and interneurons were assessed. Results supported the hypothesis that prenatal stress-induced oxidative stress affects microglia; microglia ramification increased after prenatal stress, and both antioxidants prevented these effects. In addition, N-acetylcysteine or astaxanthin was effective in preventing distinct male and female interneuron changes; decreased female medial frontal cortical parvalbumin interneurons was prevented by either antioxidant; increased male medial frontal cortical parvalbumin interneurons was prevented by N-acetylcysteine and decreased male hippocampal GAD67GFP+ cells prevented by astaxanthin. Prenatal stress-induced increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability were not prevented by prenatal antioxidants. Sensorimotor gating deficits in males was partially prevented by prenatal astaxanthin. This study demonstrates the importance of oxidative stress for persistent impacts on offspring cortical microglia and interneurons, but did not link these changes with anxiety-like, social, and sensorimotor gating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada L-B Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mara O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, IA, USA
| | - Hannah Erlbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, IA, USA
| | | | - Hanna E. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa
City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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15
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Abd Aziz CB, Ahmad AH, Hasim H. Pain response following prenatal stress and its modulation by antioxidants. TREATMENTS, MECHANISMS, AND ADVERSE REACTIONS OF ANESTHETICS AND ANALGESICS 2022:487-497. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820237-1.00041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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16
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Vergunst F, Berry HL. Climate Change and Children’s Mental Health: A Developmental Perspective. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 10:767-785. [PMID: 35846172 PMCID: PMC9280699 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a major global public-health challenge that will have wide-ranging impacts on human psychological health and well-being. Children and adolescents are at particular risk because of their rapidly developing brain, vulnerability to disease, and limited capacity to avoid or adapt to threats and impacts. They are also more likely to worry about climate change than any other age group. Drawing on a developmental life-course perspective, we show that climate-change-related threats can additively, interactively, and cumulatively increase psychopathology risk from conception onward; that these effects are already occurring; and that they constitute an important threat to healthy human development worldwide. We then argue that monitoring, measuring, and mitigating these risks is a matter of social justice and a crucial long-term investment in developmental and mental health sciences. We conclude with a discussion of conceptual and measurement challenges and outline research priorities going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal
- Ste-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen L. Berry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University
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17
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Schroeder R, Sridharan P, Nguyen L, Loren A, Williams NS, Kettimuthu KP, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Vázquez-Rosa E, Pieper AA, Stevens HE. Maternal P7C3-A20 Treatment Protects Offspring from Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Prenatal Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:511-530. [PMID: 33501899 PMCID: PMC8388250 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Impaired embryonic cortical interneuron development from prenatal stress is linked to adult neuropsychiatric impairment, stemming in part from excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in the developing embryo. Unfortunately, there are no preventive medicines that mitigate the risk of prenatal stress to the embryo, as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are poorly understood. Our goal was to interrogate the molecular basis of prenatal stress-mediated damage to the embryonic brain to identify a neuroprotective strategy. Results: Chronic prenatal stress in mice dysregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis enzymes and cortical interneuron development in the embryonic brain, leading to axonal degeneration in the hippocampus, cognitive deficits, and depression-like behavior in adulthood. Offspring were protected from these deleterious effects by concurrent maternal administration of the NAD+-modulating agent P7C3-A20, which crossed the placenta to access the embryonic brain. Prenatal stress also produced axonal degeneration in the adult corpus callosum, which was not prevented by maternal P7C3-A20. Innovation: Prenatal stress dysregulates gene expression of NAD+-synthesis machinery and GABAergic interneuron development in the embryonic brain, which is associated with adult cognitive impairment and depression-like behavior. We establish a maternally directed treatment that protects offspring from these effects of prenatal stress. Conclusion: NAD+-synthesis machinery and GABAergic interneuron development are critical to proper embryonic brain development underlying postnatal neuropsychiatric functioning, and these systems are highly susceptible to prenatal stress. Pharmacologic stabilization of NAD+ in the stressed embryonic brain may provide a neuroprotective strategy that preserves normal embryonic development and protects offspring from neuropsychiatric impairment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 511-530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Preethy Sridharan
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexandra Loren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kavitha P Kettimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Coral J Cintrón-Pérez
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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18
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Rymut HE, Rund LA, Bolt CR, Villamil MB, Southey BR, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. The Combined Effect of Weaning Stress and Immune Activation during Pig Gestation on Serum Cytokine and Analyte Concentrations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2274. [PMID: 34438732 PMCID: PMC8388404 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning stress can elicit changes in the metabolic, hormone and immune systems of pigs and interact with prolonged disruptions stemming from maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. The present study advances the characterization of the combined effects of weaning stress and MIA on blood chemistry, immune and hormone indicators that inform on the health of pigs. Three-week-old female and male offspring of control gilts or gilts infected with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were allocated to weaned or nursed groups. The anion gap and bilirubin profiles suggest that MIA enhances tolerance to the effects of weaning stress. Interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 2 were highest among weaned MIA females, and cortisol was higher among weaned relative to nursed pigs across sexes. Canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that weaned and nursed pigs have distinct chemistry profiles, whereas MIA and control pigs have distinct cytokine profiles. The results from this study can guide management practices that recognize the effects of the interaction between MIA and weaning stress on the performance and health of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Courtni R. Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Maria B. Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
- Center for Digital Agriculture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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19
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Jaehne EJ, Chong EMS, Sbisa A, Gillespie B, Hill R, Gogos A, van den Buuse M. TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone reverses an induced prepulse inhibition deficit selectively in maternal immune activation offspring: implications for schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:404-412. [PMID: 33883449 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling has been implicated in schizophrenia endophenotypes, including deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI). Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a widely used neurodevelopmental animal model for schizophrenia but it is unclear if BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are involved in PPI regulation in this model. Pregnant Long Evans rats were treated with the viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C; 4 mg/kg i.v.), and nine male offspring from these dams were compared in adulthood to 11 male Long Evans controls. Offspring underwent PPI testing following injection with the TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) (10 mg/kg i.p.), with or without the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (APO; 1 mg/kg s.c.), or the dopamine releasing drug, methamphetamine (METH; 2 mg/kg s.c.). Acute administration of APO and METH caused the expected significant reduction of PPI. Acute administration of 7,8-DHF did not alter PPI on its own; however, it significantly reversed the effect of APO on PPI in poly I:C rats, but not in controls. A similar trend was observed in combination with METH. Western blot analysis of frontal cortex revealed significantly increased levels of BDNF protein, but not TrkB or phosphorylated TrkB/TrkB levels, in poly I:C rats. These findings suggest that, selectively in MIA offspring, 7,8-DHF has the ability to reverse PPI deficits caused by dopaminergic stimulation. This effect could be associated with increased BDNF expression in the frontal cortex. These data suggest that targeting BDNF signalling may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of certain symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Elaine Mei San Chong
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Alyssa Sbisa
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Rachel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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20
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Ito T, Saeki H, Guo X, Sysa-Shah P, Coulter J, Tamashiro KLK, Lee RS, Orita H, Sato K, Ishiyama S, Hulbert A, Smith WE, Peterson LA, Brock MV, Gabrielson KL. Prenatal stress enhances NNK-induced lung tumors in A/J mice. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1713-1723. [PMID: 32249286 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born to women who experience stress during pregnancy have an increased risk of cancer in later life, but no previous animal studies have tested such a link. We questioned whether prenatal stress (PS) in A/J mice affected the development of lung tumors after postnatal response to tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Timed-bred A/J mice were randomly assigned on gestation day 12.5 to PS by restraint for 5 consecutive days or control (no restraint). Adult offspring of control and stressed pregnancies were all treated with three NNK injections (50 mg/kg every other day) and euthanized 16 weeks later to examine their lungs. Compared with controls, PS dams exhibited significantly increased levels of plasma corticosterone, increased adrenal weights and decreased fetus weights without fetal loss. Prenatally stressed litters had a significantly higher neonatal death rate within first week of life, and surviving male and female offspring developed lung epithelial proliferations with increase multiplicity, increased area and aggressive morphology. PS also induced more advanced atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions. We found no difference in lung NNK-derived methyl DNA adducts, but PS did significantly enhance CD3+ T cell and Foxp3+ T cell tumor infiltration. PS significantly increases multiplicity, area of NNK-induced lung tumors and advanced morphology. PS did not affect production of NNK-derived methyl DNA adducts but did increase lymphocytic infiltration of lung tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first animal model of PS with evaluation of cancer development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ito
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Polina Sysa-Shah
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Coulter
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University school of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William E Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Bátiz LF, Palmeiro-Silva YK, Rice GE, Monteiro LJ, Galaburda AM, Romero R, Choolani MA, Wyneken U, Orellana P, Illanes SE. Maternal exposure to a high-magnitude earthquake during pregnancy influences pre-reading skills in early childhood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9244. [PMID: 33927303 PMCID: PMC8084950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to an adverse prenatal environment can influence fetal development and result in long-lasting changes in the offspring. However, the association between maternal exposure to stressful events during pregnancy and the achievement of pre-reading skills in the offspring is unknown. Here we examined the association between prenatal exposure to the Chilean high-magnitude earthquake that occurred on February 27th, 2010 and the development of early reading precursors skills (listening comprehension, print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, vocabulary, and phonological awareness) in children at kindergarten age. This multilevel retrospective cohort study including 3280 children, of whom 2415 were unexposed and 865 were prenatally exposed to the earthquake shows substantial evidence that maternal exposure to an unambiguously stressful event resulted in impaired pre-reading skills and that a higher detrimental effect was observed in those children who had been exposed to the earthquake during the first trimester of gestation. In addition, females were more significantly affected by the exposure to the earthquake than their male peers in alphabet knowledge; contrarily, males were more affected than females in print knowledge skills. These findings suggest that early intervention programs for pregnant women and/or children exposed to prenatal stress may be effective strategies to overcome impaired pre-reading skills in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Federico Bátiz
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Program in Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasna K Palmeiro-Silva
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- School of Nursing, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregory E Rice
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lara J Monteiro
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Program in Biology of Reproduction, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Center for Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Program in Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pelusa Orellana
- School of Education, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián E Illanes
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Program in Biology of Reproduction, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Rymut HE, Rund LA, Bolt CR, Villamil MB, Bender DE, Southey BR, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Biochemistry and Immune Biomarkers Indicate Interacting Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Stressors in Pigs across Sexes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:987. [PMID: 33915976 PMCID: PMC8067328 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of maternal immune activation (MIA) elicited by a prenatal stressor and postnatal metabolic or immune stressors on chemical and inflammatory biomarkers were studied in male and female pigs. Pigs exposed to MIA elicited by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and matching controls were assigned at two months of age to fasting stress, immune stress, or a saline group. The serum levels of over 30 chemistry and immune analytes were studied. Significantly low levels of blood urea nitrogen were detected in females exposed to MIA, while the highest creatinine levels were identified in fasting females exposed to MIA. The levels of interferon gamma and interleukin 8 were highest in pigs exposed to postnatal immune challenge. The profiles suggest that MIA may sensitize pigs to postnatal stressors for some indicators while making them more tolerant of other stressors. Effectiveness of practices to ameliorate the impact of postnatal stressors on the physiology of the pig could be enhanced by considering the prenatal stress circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Courtni R. Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - María B. Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Diane E. Bender
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (H.E.R.); (L.A.R.); (C.R.B.); (B.R.S.); (R.W.J.)
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 618012, USA
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23
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Abstract
SUMMARYStress-related disorders are diverse and they may be mental and physical. Often, several body systems and organs are involved simultaneously. The pathophysiology of stress-related disorders involves many factors: an observable or perceived stressor, an individual dynamically evolving vulnerability and maladaptation leading to imbalance, as well as environmental, cultural, gender and life-cycle variables. There is a need to develop a comprehensive quantifiable stress assessment instrument. It would be based on the ‘stress factor’, a dimension that would integrate biological, psychological, social, economic and spiritual parameters and would allow for cultural sensitivity. It would contribute to clinical operational sophistication and would illuminate treatment options and multidimensional well-being interventions. Hopefully, it would facilitate development of culturally sensitive pharmaceutical or biophysiological adaptogens and homeostatic interventions.
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24
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Csatlosova K, Bogi E, Durisova B, Grinchii D, Paliokha R, Moravcikova L, Lacinova L, Jezova D, Dremencov E. Maternal immune activation in rats attenuates the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in adult offspring in a sex-specific way. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 43:82-91. [PMID: 33341344 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher risk of depression and schizophrenia in descendants of mothers experienced acute infection during the pregnancy has been reported. Since monoamines are fundamental in mentioned psychopathologies, it is possible that maternal immune activation leads to impaired functioning of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons in offspring. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of maternal immune activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats on the excitability of monoamine-secreting neurons in the offspring. LPS was administered during days 15-19 of the gestation in the rising doses of 20-80 µg/kg; control dams received vehicle. During days 53-63 postpartum, rats were anesthetized and electrodes were inserted into the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area for in vivo excitability assessment of 5-HT, noradrenaline, and dopamine neurons. Maternal immune activation suppressed the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in both sexes and stimulated the firing rate of dopamine neurons in males. Decrease in the firing rate of 5-HT neurons was accompanied with an increase, and increase in the firing rate of dopamine neurons with a decrease, in the density of spontaneously active cells. Maternal immune activation also decreased the variability of interspike intervals in 5-HT and dopamine neurons. It is possible that the alteration of excitability of 5-HT and dopamine neurons by maternal immune activation is involved in the psychopathologies induced by infectious disease during the pregnancy. Stimulation of dopamine excitability in males might be a compensatory mechanism secondary to the maternal immune challenge-induced suppression of 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Csatlosova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eszter Bogi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Durisova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniil Grinchii
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ruslan Paliokha
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Moravcikova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliyahu Dremencov
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Center for Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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25
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Macul Ferreira de Barros P, do Rosário MC, Szejko N, Polga N, Requena GDL, Ravagnani B, Fatori D, Batistuzzo MC, Hoexter MQ, Rohde LA, Polanczyk GV, Leckman JF, Miguel EC, de Alvarenga PG. Risk factors for obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Follow-up of a community-based youth cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:89-104. [PMID: 32076869 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors are at least as important as genetic factors for the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), but the identification of such factors remain a research priority. Our study aimed to investigate the association between a broad scope of potential risk factors and OCS in a large community cohort of children and adolescents. We evaluated 1877 participants and their caregivers at baseline and after 3 years to assess various demographic, prenatal, perinatal, childhood adversity, and psychopathological factors. Mean age at baseline was 10.2 years (SD 1.9) and mean age at follow-up was 13.4 years (SD 1.9). Reports of OCS at baseline and follow-up were analyzed using latent variable models. At preliminary regression analysis, 15 parameters were significantly associated with higher OCS scores at follow-up. At subsequent regression analysis, we found that eight of these parameters remained significantly associated with higher follow-up OCS scores while being controlled by each other and by baseline OCS scores. The significant predictors of follow-up OCS were: lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.033); lower intelligence quotient (p = 0.013); lower age (p < 0.001); higher maternal stress level during pregnancy (p = 0.028); absence of breastfeeding (p = 0.017); parental baseline OCS (p = 0.038); youth baseline anxiety disorder (p = 0.023); and youth baseline OCS scores (p < 0.001). These findings may better inform clinicians and policymakers engaged in the mental health assessment and prevention in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Szejko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natália Polga
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Guaraci de Lima Requena
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ravagnani
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | | | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gomes de Alvarenga
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
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26
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Neurodevelopmental signatures of narcotic and neuropsychiatric risk factors in 3D human-derived forebrain organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7760-7783. [PMID: 34158620 PMCID: PMC8873021 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that narcotic use during pregnancy and specific environmental factors (e.g., maternal immune activation and chronic stress) may increase risk of neuropsychiatric illness in offspring. However, little progress has been made in defining human-specific in utero neurodevelopmental pathology due to ethical and technical challenges associated with accessing human prenatal brain tissue. Here we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate reproducible organoids that recapitulate dorsal forebrain development including early corticogenesis. We systemically exposed organoid samples to chemically defined "enviromimetic" compounds to examine the developmental effects of various narcotic and neuropsychiatric-related risk factors within tissue of human origin. In tandem experiments conducted in parallel, we modeled exposure to opiates (μ-opioid agonist endomorphin), cannabinoids (WIN 55,212-2), alcohol (ethanol), smoking (nicotine), chronic stress (human cortisol), and maternal immune activation (human Interleukin-17a; IL17a). Human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids were consequently analyzed via an array of unbiased and high-throughput analytical approaches, including state-of-the-art TMT-16plex liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomics, hybrid MS metabolomics, and flow cytometry panels to determine cell-cycle dynamics and rates of cell death. This pipeline subsequently revealed both common and unique proteome, reactome, and metabolome alterations as a consequence of enviromimetic modeling of narcotic use and neuropsychiatric-related risk factors in tissue of human origin. However, of our 6 treatment groups, human-derived organoids treated with the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 exhibited the least convergence of all groups. Single-cell analysis revealed that WIN 55,212-2 increased DNA fragmentation, an indicator of apoptosis, in human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. We subsequently confirmed induction of DNA damage and apoptosis by WIN 55,212-2 within 3D human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. Lastly, in a BrdU pulse-chase neocortical neurogenesis paradigm, we identified that WIN 55,212-2 was the only enviromimetic treatment to disrupt newborn neuron numbers within human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. Cumulatively this study serves as both a resource and foundation from which human 3D biologics can be used to resolve the non-genomic effects of neuropsychiatric risk factors under controlled laboratory conditions. While synthetic cannabinoids can differ from naturally occurring compounds in their effects, our data nonetheless suggests that exposure to WIN 55,212-2 elicits neurotoxicity within human-derived developing forebrain tissue. These human-derived data therefore support the long-standing belief that maternal use of cannabinoids may require caution so to avoid any potential neurodevelopmental effects upon developing offspring in utero.
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27
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Rymut HE, Bolt CR, Caputo MP, Houser AK, Antonson AM, Zimmerman JD, Villamil MB, Southey BR, Rund LA, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Long-Lasting Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Interaction With a Second Immune Challenge on Pig Behavior. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:561151. [PMID: 33330688 PMCID: PMC7732429 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.561151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined effects on pig behavior of maternal immune challenge during gestation followed by a second immune challenge later in life have not been studied. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection during gestation can elicit maternal immune activation (MIA) yet the interactions with the offspring response to a second immune challenge after birth remains unexplored. Knowledge on the response to viral challenges in rodents has been gained through the use of the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), yet the effects of this immune stimulant on pig behavior have not been assessed. This study advances the understanding of the combined effect of MIA and a second immune challenge later in life on female and male pig behavior. Three complementary experiments enabled the development of an effective Poly(I:C) challenge in pigs, and testing the interaction between PRRSV-elicited MIA, Poly(I:C) challenge at 60 days of age, and sex on behaviors. Individual-level observations on sickness, locomotor, and social behaviors were measured 1-3 h after Poly(I:C) challenge. Vomiting, panting, lethargy, walking, laying, playing, and touching behaviors were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effect models. Results indicated that a Poly(I:C) dose of 1 mg/kg within 1 h after injection increased the incidence of laying and sickness behavior. The Poly(I:C) challenge decreased the incidence of locomotor behaviors and activity levels. Pigs exposed to MIA had lower rates of social behaviors such as playing. The combined effect of PRRSV-elicited MIA and Poly(I:C) immune challenge further sensitized the pigs to behavior disruption across sexes including changes in sternal and lateral laying, walking, lethargy, and touching incidence. Notably, the effects of Poly(I:C) immune challenge alone on behaviors tended to be more extreme in males, whereas the effects of Poly(I:C) following MIA tended to be more extreme in females. Our findings demonstrate that MIA and Poly(I:C) affected behaviors, and the viral mimetic effects shortly after injection can offer insights into the prolonged effect of postnatal viral infections on feeding, social interactions and health status. Management practices that reduce the likelihood of gestational diseases and accommodate for behavioral disruptions in the offspring can minimize the impact of MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Rymut
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Courtni R Bolt
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Megan P Caputo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexandra K Houser
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jalisa D Zimmerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Maria B Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,C. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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28
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Allebone J, Kanaan RA, Maller JJ, O'Brien T, Mullen S, Cook M, Adams S, Vogrin S, Vaughan D, Connelly A, Kwan P, Berkovic SF, D'Souza W, Jackson G, Velakoulis D, Wilson SJ. Enlarged hippocampal fissure in psychosis of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 111:107290. [PMID: 32759068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis of epilepsy (POE) can be a devastating condition, and its neurobiological basis remains unclear. In a previous study, we identified reduced posterior hippocampal volumes in patients with POE. The hippocampus can be further subdivided into anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that, along with the hippocampal fissure, have been shown to be selectively affected in other psychotic disorders and are not captured by gross measures of hippocampal volume. Therefore, in this study, we compared the volume of selected hippocampal subfields and the hippocampal fissure in 31 patients with POE with 31 patients with epilepsy without psychosis. Cortical reconstruction, volumetric segmentation, and calculation of hippocampal subfields and the hippocampal fissure were performed using FreeSurfer. The group with POE had larger hippocampal fissures bilaterally compared with controls with epilepsy, which was significant on the right. There were no significant differences in the volumes of the hippocampal subfields between the two groups. Our findings suggest abnormal development of the hippocampus in POE. They support and expand the neurodevelopmental model of psychosis, which holds that early life stressors lead to abnormal neurodevelopmental processes, which underpin the onset of psychosis in later life. In line with this model, the findings of the present study suggest that enlarged hippocampal fissures may be a biomarker of abnormal neurodevelopment and risk for psychosis in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Allebone
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia.
| | - Richard A Kanaan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, ANU College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Saul Mullen
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Cook
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - David Vaughan
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | - Alan Connelly
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Graeme Jackson
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
| | | | - Sarah J Wilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Australia
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Braun K, Bock J, Wainstock T, Matas E, Gaisler-Salomon I, Fegert J, Ziegenhain U, Segal M. Experience-induced transgenerational (re-)programming of neuronal structure and functions: Impact of stress prior and during pregnancy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 117:281-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Dong E, Pandey SC. Prenatal stress induced chromatin remodeling and risk of psychopathology in adulthood. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:185-215. [PMID: 33461663 PMCID: PMC7864549 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders suggest the existence of a complex interplay between genetics and environment. This notion is supported by evidence suggesting that exposure to stress during pregnancy exerts profound effects on the neurodevelopment and behavior of the offspring and predisposes them to psychiatric disorders later in life. Accumulated evidence suggests that vulnerability to psychiatric disorders may result from permanent negative effects of long-term changes in synaptic plasticity due to altered epigenetic mechanisms (histone modifications and DNA methylation) that lead to condensed chromatin architecture, thereby decreasing the expression of candidate genes during early brain development. In this chapter, we have summarized the literature of clinical studies on psychiatric disorders induced by maternal stress during pregnancy. We also discussed the epigenetic alterations of gene regulations induced by prenatal stress. Because the clinical manifestations of psychiatric disorders are complex, it is obvious that the biological progression of these diseases cannot be studied only in postmortem brains of patients and the use of animal models is required. Therefore, in this chapter, we have introduced a well-established mouse model of prenatal stress (PRS) generated in restrained pregnant dams. The behavioral phenotypes of the offspring (PRS mice) born to the stressed dam and underlying epigenetic changes in key molecules related to synaptic activity were described and highlighted. PRS mice may serve as a useful model for investigating the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and may be a useful tool for screening for the potential compounds that may normalize aberrant epigenetic mechanisms induced by prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Dong
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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31
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Niu Y, Wang T, Liang S, Li W, Hu X, Wu X, Jin F. Sex-dependent aberrant PFC development in the adolescent offspring rats exposed to variable prenatal stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:464-476. [PMID: 32358823 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a remarkable period of brain development. Prenatal stress can increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric disorders. This research investigated neurochemical and behavioural changes in the offspring rats (especially adolescences) who were treated with repeated variable prenatal stress (PNS) during the third week of gestation. The study tested the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), synaptotagmin-1(Syt-1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the PFC (prefrontal cortex). We also tested prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) (a measure of sensorimotor gating). The main results were as follows: PNS increased the BDNF and CD68 concentrations in adolescent females, and increased the Syt-1 concentration in adolescent males. The increases in BDNF/CD68 concentration (in females) and Syt-1/DA concentration (in males) with age were disturbed by PNS, and PNS changed the sex differences in CD68 concentration in adolescence and disturbed the sex differences in the Syt-1 concentration (in adolescence) and DA concentration (in adults). In conclusion, we found that PNS lead to Sex-dependent aberrant PFC development, and might accelerate the development of the adolescent PFC, and so that lessened the age difference (between adolescence and adulthood) and the sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Niu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,School of Vocational Education, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
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Yong Ping E, Laplante DP, Elgbeili G, Jones SL, Brunet A, King S. Disaster-related prenatal maternal stress predicts HPA reactivity and psychopathology in adolescent offspring: Project Ice Storm. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104697. [PMID: 32442863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress has been associated with adverse outcomes in offspring, including elevated risk of psychopathology. Fetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been posited as a biological mechanism underlying such consequences. The present study aimed to examine whether dysregulation of the offspring HPA axis mediates the relationship between prenatal stress exposure and adolescent psychopathology. METHODS Five months after the Quebec ice storm of 1998, women who had been pregnant at the time of the storm completed questionnaires about their objective hardship and subjective distress from the disaster. A total of 45 of their children, exposed to the ice storm in utero, participated at 13 years of age. Adolescents completed the Trier Social Stress Test while providing salivary samples to measure circulating cortisol levels. Maternal report of adolescent behaviors was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS Results from the study found that greater objective hardship was associated with elevated offspring cortisol reactivity at 13 years of age. Furthermore, greater subjective distress was associated with greater externalizing behaviors. While lower cortisol reactivity predicted greater externalizing behaviors, it did not mediate the association between maternal objective hardship or subjective distress and offspring externalizing or internalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that objective hardship in pregnancy has long-term implications for offspring HPA axis functioning, which is also associated with externalizing behaviors. While dysregulation of the offspring HPA axis did not mediate the association between prenatal stress and offspring psychopathological symptoms, further research is warranted to investigate programming of alternative biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Yong Ping
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Sherri Lee Jones
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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von Deneen KM, Zhao L, Liu J. Individual differences of maladaptive brain changes in migraine and their relationship with differential effectiveness of treatments. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2019.9050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a difficult disorder to identify with regard to its pathophysiological mechanisms, and its treatment has been primarily difficult owing to interindividual differences. Substantial rates of nonresponsiveness to medications are common, making migraine treatment complicated. In this review, we systematically analyzed recent studies concerning neuroimaging findings regarding the neurophysiology of migraine. We linked the current imaging research with anecdotal evidence from interindividual factors such as duration and pain intensity of migraine, age, gender, hormonal interplay, and genetics. These factors suggested the use of nonpharmacological therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and placebo therapy for the treatment of migraine. Finally, we discussed how interindividual differences are related to such nondrug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710126, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710126, Shaanxi, China
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Srinivasan R, Pearson RM, Johnson S, Lewis G, Lewis G. Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age: a longitudinal study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:431-440. [PMID: 32353278 PMCID: PMC7606907 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists that maternal depression in the perinatal period has an adverse effect on a range of early childhood outcomes and increases the risk of offspring depression during adolescence. However, the association between maternal depression during the perinatal period and offspring psychotic experiences has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between maternal antenatal or postnatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. METHODS This longitudinal study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective birth cohort, which recruited 14 541 pregnant women with an estimated delivery date between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Perinatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age were measured using the Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview. Offspring of mothers with complete data on maternal perinatal depression measures, and complete data on outcome (psychotic experiences) and confounding variables were included in the main analysis. For the main analysis, we used logistic regression to examine the associations between maternal depression (antenatal and postnatal) and offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years. We used biprobit regression to model the association between maternal antenatal depression and the two offspring outcomes (psychotic experiences and depression) at 18 years of age jointly. FINDINGS 3067 offspring for whom data were available on maternal perinatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences aged 18 years were included in analyses. Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age, with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1·38 (95% CI 1·18-1·61, p=0·0001) and after adjustment for confounders, an OR of 1·26 (1·06-1·49, p=0·0074). Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with both offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years (n=2830, OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·32 [95% CI 1·16-1·51], p<0·0001) and offspring depression at 18 years (OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·18 [1·03-1·34], p=0·016). From joint modelling, there was no evidence that the association between maternal antenatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences differed in strength compared with offspring depression (p=0·19). INTERPRETATION The offspring of mothers who experience depression in the perinatal period are more likely to report psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. If the association is found to be causal, it would strengthen the case for identifying and treating maternal depression during and after pregnancy. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Srinivasan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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35
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Abayarathna T, Webb JK. Effects of incubation temperatures on learning abilities of hatchling velvet geckos. Anim Cogn 2020; 23:613-620. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bittle J, Menezes EC, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Dailey M, Stevens HE. The Role of Redox Dysregulation in the Effects of Prenatal Stress on Embryonic Interneuron Migration. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5116-5130. [PMID: 30877797 PMCID: PMC7199998 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring, but embryonic brain mechanisms disrupted by prenatal stress are not fully understood. Our lab has shown that prenatal stress delays inhibitory neural progenitor migration. Here, we investigated redox dysregulation as a mechanism for embryonic cortical interneuron migration delay, utilizing direct manipulation of pro- and antioxidants and a mouse model of maternal repetitive restraint stress starting on embryonic day 12. Time-lapse, live-imaging of migrating GAD67GFP+ interneurons showed that normal tangential migration of inhibitory progenitor cells was disrupted by the pro-oxidant, hydrogen peroxide. Interneuron migration was also delayed by in utero intracerebroventricular rotenone. Prenatal stress altered glutathione levels and induced changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of redox-related genes in the embryonic forebrain. Assessment of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence after prenatal stress in ganglionic eminence (GE), the source of migrating interneurons, showed increased levels of DHE oxidation. Maternal antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and astaxanthin) normalized DHE oxidation levels in GE and ameliorated the migration delay caused by prenatal stress. Through convergent redox manipula-tions, delayed interneuron migration after prenatal stress was found to critically involve redox dysregulation. Redox biology during prenatal periods may be a target for protecting brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada Bittle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Dailey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
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37
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Constantinof A, Boureau L, Moisiadis VG, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Results in Changes in Gene Transcription and DNA Methylation in the Female Juvenile Guinea Pig Hippocampus Across Three Generations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18211. [PMID: 31796763 PMCID: PMC6890750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) are administered to women at risk for pre-term delivery, to mature the fetal lung and decrease neonatal morbidity. sGC also profoundly affect the fetal brain. The hippocampus expresses high levels of glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and its development is affected by elevated fetal glucocorticoid levels. Antenatal sGC results in neuroendocrine and behavioral changes that persist in three generations of female guinea pig offspring of the paternal lineage. We hypothesized that antenatal sGC results in transgenerational changes in gene expression that correlate with changes in DNA methylation. We used RNASeq and capture probe bisulfite sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic and epigenomic effects of antenatal sGC exposure in the hippocampus of three generations of juvenile female offspring from the paternal lineage. Antenatal sGC exposure (F0 pregnancy) resulted in generation-specific changes in hippocampal gene transcription and DNA methylation. Significant changes in individual CpG methylation occurred in RNApol II binding regions of small non-coding RNA (snRNA) genes, which implicates alternative splicing as a mechanism involved in transgenerational transmission of the effects of antenatal sGC. This study provides novel perspectives on the mechanisms involved in transgenerational transmission and highlights the importance of human studies to determine the longer-term effects of antenatal sGC on hippocampal-related function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Constantinof
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Lisa Boureau
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada.
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Change in Brain Plasmalogen Composition by Exposure to Prenatal Undernutrition Leads to Behavioral Impairment of Rats. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7689-7702. [PMID: 31391260 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2721-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that poor nutrition during pregnancy influences offspring predisposition to experience developmental and psychiatric disorders. Animal studies have shown that maternal undernutrition leads to behavioral impairment, which is linked to alterations in monoaminergic systems and inflammation in the brain. In this study, we focused on the ethanolamine plasmalogen of the brain as a possible contributor to behavioral disturbances observed in offspring exposed to maternal undernutrition. Maternal food or protein restriction between gestational day (GD) 5.5 and GD 10.5 resulted in hyperactivity of rat male adult offspring. Genes related to the phospholipid biosynthesis were found to be activated in the PFC, but not in the NAcc or striatum, in the offspring exposed to prenatal undernutrition. Corresponding to these gene activations, increased ethanolamine plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) was observed in the PFC using mass spectrometry imaging. A high number of crossings and the long time spent in the center area were observed in the offspring exposed to prenatal undernutrition and were mimicked in adult rats via the intravenous injection of ethanolamine plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) incorporated into the liposome. Additionally, plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) increased only in the PFC, and not in the NAcc or striatum. These results suggest that brain plasmalogen is one of the key molecules to control behavior, and its injection using liposome is a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Maternal undernutrition correlates to developmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we found that maternal undernutrition in early pregnancy led to hyperactivity in rat male offspring and induced gene activation of phospholipid-synthesizing enzyme and elevation of ethanolamine plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) level in the PFC. Intravenous injection of ethanolamine plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) incorporated into the liposome maintained crossing activity and the activity was circumscribed to the center area for a long time period, as in prenatally undernourished offspring with aberrant behavior. Furthermore, the amount of ethanolamine plasmalogen (18:0p-22:6) increased in the PFC of the rat after injection. Our result suggests that brain plasmalogen is one of the key molecules to control behavior and that its injection using liposome is a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive impairment.
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The role of pre-, peri-, and postnatal risk factors in bipolar disorder and adult ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1117-1126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Orio L, Alen F, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, García-Bueno B. Oleoylethanolamide, Neuroinflammation, and Alcohol Abuse. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:490. [PMID: 30687006 PMCID: PMC6333756 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex process involved in the physiopathology of many central nervous system diseases, including addiction. Alcohol abuse is characterized by induction of peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, which hallmark is the activation of innate immunity toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). In the last years, lipid transmitters have generated attention as modulators of parts of the addictive process. Specifically, the bioactive lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which is an endogenous acylethanolamide, has shown a beneficial profile for alcohol abuse. Preclinical studies have shown that OEA is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound that exerts neuroprotective effects in alcohol abuse. Exogenous administration of OEA blocks the alcohol-induced TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory cascade, reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and ultimately, preventing the neural damage in frontal cortex of rodents. The mechanisms of action of OEA are discussed in this review, including a protective action in the intestinal barrier. Additionally, OEA blocks cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior and reduces the severity of withdrawal symptoms in animals, together with the modulation of alcohol-induced depression-like behavior and other negative motivational states associated with the abstinence, such as the anhedonia. Finally, exposure to alcohol induces OEA release in blood and brain of rodents. Clinical evidences will be highlighted, including the OEA release and the correlation of plasma OEA levels with TLR4-dependent peripheral inflammatory markers in alcohol abusers. In base of these evidences we hypothesize that the endogenous release of OEA could be a homeostatic signal to counteract the toxic action of alcohol and we propose the exploration of OEA-based pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alen
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, IMAS and IUING, Madrid, Spain
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Depresión en el embarazo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 48:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Littlejohn BP, Price DM, Neuendorff DA, Carroll JA, Vann RC, Riggs PK, Riley DG, Long CR, Welsh TH, Randel RD. Prenatal transportation stress alters genome-wide DNA methylation in suckling Brahman bull calves. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:5075-5099. [PMID: 30165450 PMCID: PMC6276578 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to identify genome-wide differential methylation of DNA in young prenatally stressed (PNS) bull calves. Mature Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for 2-h periods at 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation or maintained as nontransported Controls (n = 48). Methylation of DNA from white blood cells from a subset of 28-d-old intact male offspring (n = 7 PNS; n = 7 Control) was assessed via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Samples from PNS bulls contained 16,128 CG, 226 CHG, and 391 CHH (C = cytosine; G = guanine; H = either adenine, thymine, or cytosine) sites that were differentially methylated compared to samples from Controls. Of the CG sites, 7,407 were hypermethylated (at least 10% more methylated than Controls; P ≤ 0.05) and 8,721 were hypomethylated (at least 10% less methylated than Controls; P ≤ 0.05). Increased DNA methylation in gene promoter regions typically results in decreased transcriptional activity of the region. Therefore, differentially methylated CG sites located within promoter regions (n = 1,205) were used to predict (using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software) alterations to canonical pathways in PNS compared with Control bull calves. In PNS bull calves, 113 pathways were altered (P ≤ 0.05) compared to Controls. Among these were pathways related to behavior, stress response, metabolism, immune function, and cell signaling. Genome-wide differential DNA methylation and predicted alterations to pathways in PNS compared with Control bull calves suggest epigenetic programming of biological systems in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni P Littlejohn
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Deborah M Price
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Rhonda C Vann
- Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Raymond, MS
| | - Penny K Riggs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Charles R Long
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Overton, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX
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Dong E, Locci V, Gatta E, Grayson DR, Guidotti A. N-Phthalyl-l-Tryptophan (RG108), like Clozapine (CLO), Induces Chromatin Remodeling in Brains of Prenatally Stressed Mice. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:62-69. [PMID: 30397000 PMCID: PMC6277925 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective (SZA), and bipolar (BP) disorder are neurodevelopmental psychopathological conditions related, in part, to genetic load and, in part, to environmentally induced epigenetic dysregulation of chromatin structure and function in neocortical GABAergic, glutamatergic, and monoaminergic neurons. To test the above hypothesis, we targeted our scientific efforts on identifying whether the molecular epigenetic signature of postmortem brains of patients with SZ, SZA, and BP disorder are also present in the brains of adult mice born from dams prenatally restraint stressed (PRS) during gestation. The brains of PRS mice, which are similar to the brains of patients with SZ and BP disorder, show an ∼2-fold increased binding of DNMT1 to psychiatric candidate promoters (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, Reelin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor), leading to their hypermethylation, reduced expression, as well as the behavioral endophenotypes reminiscent of those observed in the above psychiatric disorders. To establish whether clozapine (CLO) produces its behavioral and molecular action through a causal involvement of DNA methylation/demethylation processes, we compared the epigenetic action of CLO with that of the DNMT1 competitive inhibitor N-phthalyl-l-tryptophan (RG108). The intracerebroventricular injection of RG108 (20 nmol/day per 5 days), similar to the systemic administration of CLO, corrects the altered behavioral and molecular endophenotypes that are typical of PRS mice. These results are consistent with an epigenetic etiology underlying the behavioral endophenotypic profile in PRS mice. Further, it suggests that PRS mice may be useful in the preclinical screening of antipsychotic drugs acting to correct altered epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Dong
- The Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Valentina Locci
- The Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eleonora Gatta
- The Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- The Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- The Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Kimoto S, Makinodan M, Kishimoto T. Neurobiology and treatment of social cognition in schizophrenia: Bridging the bed-bench gap. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104315. [PMID: 30391541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognition refers to the psychological processes involved in the perception, encoding, storage, retrieval, and regulation of information about others and ourselves. This process is essential for survival and reproduction in complex social environments. Recent evidence suggests that impairments in social cognition frequently occur in schizophrenia, mainly contributing to poor functional outcomes, including the inability to engage in meaningful work and maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships. With the ambiguous definition of social cognition, the neurobiology underlying impaired social cognition remains unknown, and the effectiveness of currently available intervention strategies in schizophrenia remain limited. Considering the advances and challenges of translational research for schizophrenia, social cognition has been considered a high-priority domain for treatment development. Here, we describe the current state of the framework, clinical concerns, and intervention approaches for social cognition in schizophrenia. Next, we introduce translatable rodent models associated with schizophrenia that allow the evaluation of different components of social behaviors, providing deeper insights into the neural substrates of social cognition in schizophrenia. Our review presents a valuable perspective that indicates the necessity of building bridges between basic and clinical science researchers for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in impaired social cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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45
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Fink G, Andrews KG, Brentani H, Grisi S, Scoleze Ferrer AP, Brentani A. Overall and Sex-Specific Associations Between Fetal Adversity and Child Development at Age 1 Year: Evidence From Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2324-2331. [PMID: 29982368 PMCID: PMC6211242 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of epigenetic research suggests that in-utero adaptations to environmental changes display important sex-specific variation. We tested this heterogeneous adaptation hypothesis using data from 900 children born at the University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between October 2013 and April 2014. Crude and adjusting linear models were used to quantify the associations between prematurity, being small for gestational age, and children’s physical and mental development at 12 months of age. Prematurity was negatively associated with neuropsychological development in final models (z score difference, −0.42, 95% confidence intervals: −0.71, −0.14), but associations did not vary significantly by sex. For being small for gestational age, associations with height-for-age, weight-for-age, and neuropsychological development were also negative, but they were systematically larger for male than for female infants (P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that male fetuses may be more vulnerable to intrauterine adversity than female fetuses. Further research will be needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn G Andrews
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Grisi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Scoleze Ferrer
- Child Institute—Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Brentani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Marečková K, Klasnja A, Andrýsková L, Brázdil M, Paus T. Developmental origins of depression-related white matter properties: Findings from a prenatal birth cohort. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1155-1163. [PMID: 30367731 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of years lost due to disability worldwide. Still, the mechanisms underlying its development are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate white-matter properties associated with depressive symptomatology in young adulthood and their developmental origins. Diffusion tensor imaging and assessment of depressive symptomatology were conducted in 128 young adults (47% male, age 23-24) from a prenatal birth cohort (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). For a subset of these individuals, the database included information on prenatal stress (n = 93) and depressive symptoms during adolescence (assessed repeatedly at age 15 and 19). Depressive symptoms in young adulthood were associated with lower fractional anisotropy in the left and right cingulum and higher fractional anisotropy in the right corticospinal tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Further analyses revealed that prenatal stress and depressive symptomatology during adolescence were independent predictors of altered white-matter properties in the cingulum in young adulthood. We conclude that typically developing young adults with more depressive symptoms already exhibit tract-specific alterations in white-matter properties and that prenatal stress and depressive symptomatology during adolescence might contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Marečková
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Klasnja
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Brázdil
- Brain and Mind Research Programme, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Child Mind Institute, New York
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Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL, Nousen EK, Sullivan CA, Huang E, Rincon M, Nigg JT, Loftis JM. Maternal prenatal depression predicts infant negative affect via maternal inflammatory cytokine levels. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:470-481. [PMID: 29920327 PMCID: PMC6129422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with risk for offspring emotional and behavioral problems, but the mechanisms by which this association occurs are not known. Infant elevated negative affect (increased crying, irritability, fearfulness, etc.) is a key risk factor for future psychopathology, so understanding its determinants has prevention and early intervention potential. An understudied yet promising hypothesis is that maternal mood affects infant mood via maternal prenatal inflammatory mechanisms, but this has not been prospectively examined in humans. Using data from a pilot study of women followed from the second trimester of pregnancy through six months postpartum (N = 68) our goal was to initiate a prospective study as to whether maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and infant offspring negative affect. The study sample was designed to examine a broad range of likely self-regulation and mood-regulation problems in offspring; to that end we over-selected women with a family history or their own history of elevated symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Results supported the hypothesis: maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines during the third trimester (indexed using a latent variable that included plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations as indicators) mediated the effect, such that higher maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher maternal inflammation, and this mediated the effect on maternal report of infant negative affect (controlling for maternal affect during the infant period). This is the first human study to demonstrate that maternal inflammatory cytokines mediate the association between prenatal depression and infant outcomes, and the first to demonstrate a biological mechanism through which depressive symptoms impact infant temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna C Gustafsson
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA; University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Nousen
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Ceri A Sullivan
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Elaine Huang
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Monica Rincon
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, USA.
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Horn SR, Roos LE, Berkman ET, Fisher PA. Neuroendocrine and immune pathways from pre- and perinatal stress to substance abuse. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:140-150. [PMID: 30450380 PMCID: PMC6236513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity is a documented risk factor for substance abuse and addiction. The pre- and perinatal period (i.e., from implantation, through pregnancy, to 6 months of age) is a critical period marked by high biological plasticity and vulnerability, making perinatal stress a particularly robust form of adversity. The neuroendocrine and immune systems are key mechanisms implicated in the transmission of addiction risk. We review animal and human studies that provide preliminary evidence for links between perinatal stress, neuroendocrine and immune dysregulation, and risk for substance abuse and addiction. A translational neuroscience perspective is employed to elucidate pre- and perinatally-induced biological mechanisms linked to addiction and discuss implications for prevention and intervention efforts. Significant evidence supports associations between pre- and perinatal stress and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune systems as well as links between neuroendocrine/immune functioning and addiction risk. More work is needed to explicitly examine the interplay between pre- and perinatal stress and neuroendocrine/immune disruptions that together heighten substance abuse risk. Future work is needed to fully understand how pre- and perinatal stress induces biological alterations to predispose individuals to higher risk for addiction. Such knowledge will strengthen theoretically-driven and empirically-supported prevention efforts for substance abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Horn
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Leslie E Roos
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Elliot T Berkman
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
| | - Philip A Fisher
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97402, USA
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Autism and Probable Prerequisites: Severe and Scheduled Prenatal Stresses at Spotlight. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1388-1396. [PMID: 30320014 PMCID: PMC6174035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the importance of prenatal maternal stress as environmental factor on autism, the influence of prenatal maternal psychological agitations was assessed in relation with the risk of autism. METHODS In this case-control study, some mothers of autistic children in Isfahan, central Iran, in 2014, were retrospectively compared with control mothers in terms of quantity, quality, and schedule of exposure to 45 stressful events in a 15-month period. In addition, dividing the stressors into two groups of genome-dependent/independent events, their prevalence was separately scrutinized and compared among patient and control families. RESULTS Although the child's risk of autism increases significantly with the increase of maternal stress during months 4-7 of pregnancy, the increased stress during months 2-3 of pregnancy can lead to a significant increase in the severity of autism affliction as well as a slight but significant increase in the possibility of LFA in afflicted children (P<0.05). The overall prevalence of genome-dependent stressful events among two patient and control groups was significantly higher than that of genome-independent events (P=0.000), but genome-dependent events led to more stress inpatient families. CONCLUSION Although the present study consistent with recent findings in the fields of epigenetics and gene-environment interactions can confirm the role of severe and scheduled prenatal stresses in causing autism, it does not deny the necessity of a perspective and wider study in Isfahan and Iran.
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Intermittent low-level lead exposure provokes anxiety, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:307-319. [PMID: 30098355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to lead (Pb) during developmental phases can alter the normal course of development, with lifelong health consequences. Permanent Pb exposure leads to behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, sympathoexcitation, tachycardia, hypertension and autonomic dysfunction. However, the effects of an intermittent lead exposure are not yet studied. This pattern of exposure has been recently increasing due to migrations, implementation of school exchange programs and/or residential changes. OBJECTIVE To determine and compare lead effects on mammal's behavior and physiology, using a rat model of intermittent and permanent Pb exposures. METHODS Fetuses were intermittently (PbI) or permanently (PbP) exposed to water containing lead acetate (0.2% w/v) throughout life until adulthood (28 weeks of age). A control group (CTL) without any exposure to lead was also used. Anxiety was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM) and locomotor activity and exploration by open field test (OFT). Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and baro- and chemoreceptor reflex profiles were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry protocol for the assessment of neuroinflammation, neuronal loss (NeuN), gliosis and synaptic alterations (Iba-1, GFAP, Syn), were performed at the hippocampus. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison between means were used (significance p < 0.05) for statistical analysis. RESULTS The intermittent lead exposure produced a significant increase in diastolic and mean BP values, concomitant with a tendency to sympathetic overactivity (estimated by increased low-frequency power) and without significant changes in systolic BP, HR and RF. A chemoreceptor hypersensitivity and a baroreflex impairment were also observed, however, less pronounced when compared to the permanent exposure. Regarding behavioral changes, both lead exposure profiles showed an anxiety-like behavior without changes in locomotor and exploratory activity. Increase in GFAP and Iba-1 positive cells, without changes in NeuN positive cells were found in both exposed groups. Syn staining suffered a significant decrease in PbI group and a significant increase in PbP group. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that developmental Pb exposure since fetal period can cause lasting impairments in physiological parameters. The intermittent lead exposure causes adverse health effects, i.e, hypertension, increased respiratory frequency and chemoreflex sensitivity, baroreflex impairment, anxiety, decreased synaptic activity, neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis, in some ways similar to a permanent exposure, however some are lower-grade, due to the shorter duration of exposure. This study brings new insights on the environmental factors that influence autonomic and cardiovascular systems during development, which can help in creating public policy strategies to prevent and control the adverse effects of Pb toxicity.
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