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Valverde D, Beal R, Gonçalves PFB, Borin AC. Excited state relaxation mechanisms of paracetamol and acetanilide. J Comput Chem 2025; 46:e27521. [PMID: 39495637 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024]
Abstract
The photochemical pathways of acetanilide and paracetamol were investigated using the XMS-CASPT2 quantum chemical method and the cc-pVDZ (correlation consistent polarized valence double- ζ ) basis set. In both compounds, the bright state is the second excited state, designated as a1 ( ππ * La) state. Through a detailed exploration of the potential energy profile and the conical intersection structure between the1 ( ππ * La) and ground states, we gained a better understanding of how cleavage might occur in both molecules upon photoexcitation. Other potential relaxation mechanisms, including crossings with the dark1 n π * and1 ( ππ * La) states, are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Valverde
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Roiney Beal
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Computacional, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Borin
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Bangia S, Bangia R, Daverey A. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: recent developments in their fate, occurrence and elimination for efficient water purification. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1344. [PMID: 37857877 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The existence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the water is a major concern for environmentalists due to their deleterious effects on living organisms even at minuscule concentrations. This review focuses on PhACs such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory compounds, which are massively excreted in urine and account for the majority of pharmaceutical pollution. Furthermore, other PhACs such as anti-epileptics, beta-blockers and antibiotics are discussed because they also contribute significantly to pharmaceutical pollution in the aquatic environment. This review is divided into two parts. In the first part, different classes of PhACs and their fate in the wastewater environment are presented. In the second part, recent advances in the removal of PhACs by conventional wastewater treatment plants, including membrane bioreactors (MBRs), activated carbon adsorption and bench-scale studies concerning a broad range of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that render practical and appropriate strategies for the complete mineralization and degradation of pharmaceutical drugs, are reviewed. This review indicates that drugs like diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol and aspirin are removed efficiently by conventional systems. Activated carbon adsorption is suitable for the removal of diclofenac and carbamazepine, whereas AOPs are leading water treatment strategies for the effective removal of reviewed PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulab Bangia
- Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riya Bangia
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366, Köthen, Germany
| | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012, Uttarakhand, India.
- School of Biological Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248012, Uttarakhand, India.
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3
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Rathi BS, Kumar PS, Show PL. A review on effective removal of emerging contaminants from aquatic systems: Current trends and scope for further research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124413. [PMID: 33183841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is water that has already been contaminated by domestic, industrial and commercial activity that needs to be treated before it could be discharged into some other water bodies to avoid even more groundwater contamination supplies. It consists of various contaminants like heavy metals, organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants and Emerging contaminants. Research has been doing on all types of contaminates more than a decade, but this emerging contaminants is the contaminants which arises mostly from pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones and fertilizer industries. The majority of emerging contaminants did not have standardized guidelines, but may have adverse effects on human and marine organisms, even at smaller concentrations. Typically, extremely low doses of emerging contaminants are found in the marine environment and cause a potential risk to the aquatic animals living there. When contaminants emerge in the marine world, they are potentially toxic and pose many risks to the health of both man and livestock. The aim of this article is to review the Emerging contaminate sources, detection methods and treatment methods. The purpose of this study is to consider the adsorption as a beneficial treatment of emerging contaminants also advanced and cost effective emerging contaminates treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India; SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, India.
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia
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4
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Park M, Snyder SA. Statistical profiling for identifying transformation products in an engineered treatment process. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126401. [PMID: 32146183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated statistical profiling consisting of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fold change to efficiently identify transformation products of an organic model compound (i.e., carbamazepine, CBZ) in ozonation. To this end, liquid chromatography (LC)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was employed to measure the accurate masses of CBZ transformation products. Subsequently, statistical profiling was applied to differentiating features that are uniquely present in the ozonated samples from those in blanks and control (i.e., CBZ sample without ozonation). The identified transformation products had significant statistical power (i.e., power, 1-β > 0.8) in post hoc power analysis, which suggests that the profiling procedure can be an efficient means of reducing false negative in data analysis. 2-quinazolinone was newly reported here as a tentative transformation of CBZ during ozonation. In addition, a transformation product with one less carbon than CBZ, often called "anomalous" transformation product, was also found. While statistical profiling was applied to a model experiment, such an approach can be further utilized to screen many features with a higher data complexity such as non-targeted screening (NTS) and non-target analysis (NTA) for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Park
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA.
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA; Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), 637141, Singapore.
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5
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Berneschi S, Bettazzi F, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Nunzi Conti G, Pelli S, Palchetti I. Optical whispering gallery mode resonators for label-free detection of water contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Aparicio F, Escalada JP, De Gerónimo E, Aparicio VC, García Einschlag FS, Magnacca G, Carlos L, Mártire DO. Carbamazepine Degradation Mediated by Light in the Presence of Humic Substances-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101379. [PMID: 31561528 PMCID: PMC6836229 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron-based nanomaterials for environmental remediation processes has recently received considerable attention. Here, we employed core-shell magnetite-humic acids nanoparticles as a heterogeneous photosensitizer and iron source in photo-Fenton reaction for the degradation of the psychiatric drug carbamazepine (CBZ). CBZ showed low photodegradation rates in the presence of the magnetic nanoparticles, whereas the addition of hydrogen peroxide at pH = 3 to the system drastically increased the abatement of the contaminant. The measured Fe2+ and Fe3+ profiles point to the generation of Fe3+ at the surface of the nanoparticles, indicating a heterogeneous oxidation of the contaminant mediated by hydroxyl radicals. Products with a higher transformation degree were observed in the photo-Fenton procedure and support the attack of the HO• radical on the CBZ molecule. Promising results encourage the use of the nanoparticles as efficient iron sources with enhanced magnet-sensitive properties, suitable for applications in photo-Fenton treatments for the purification of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Aparicio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Juan Pablo Escalada
- Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos 9400, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Virginia C Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Route 226 Km 73,5, Balcarce 7620, Argentina.
| | - Fernando S García Einschlag
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Giuliana Magnacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica and NIS Inter-departmental Centre, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luciano Carlos
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), Neuquén 8300, Argentina.
| | - Daniel O Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, CONICET. Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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7
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Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Okoh AI, Okoh AOO. Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3026. [PMID: 31438569 PMCID: PMC6747491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PPCPs are found almost everywhere in the environment especially at an alarming rate and at very low concentration in the aquatic systems. Many methods-including pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and micro-assisted extraction (MAE)-have been employed for their extraction from both surface waters and biota. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water. However, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples. PPCPs are in groups of-acidic (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen), neutral (e.g., caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine), and basic pharmaceuticals, as well as antibiotics and estrogens amongst others. PPCPs which are present in trace levels (ng/L) are more often determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent (HPLC-UV). Of these, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are mostly employed for the analysis of this class of compounds, though not without a draw-back of matrix effect. GC-MS and GC-MS-MS are considered as alternative cost-effective methods that can also give better results after derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - A O Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - And O O Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Ghoul I, Debbache N, Dekkiche BA, Seraghni N, Sehili T, Marín Z, Santaballa JA, Canle M. Fe(III)-citrate enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalysis of aqueous Carbamazepine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:146-162. [PMID: 29674092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of fresh water is a global concern. The huge impact of natural and anthropogenic organic substances that are constantly released into the environment, demands a better knowledge of the chemical status of Earth's surface water. Water quality monitoring studies have been performed targeting different substances and/or classes of substances, in different regions of the world, using different types of sampling strategies and campaigns. This review article aims to gather the available dispersed information regarding the occurrence of priority substances (PSs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that must be monitored in Europe in surface water, according to the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU and the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, respectively. Other specific organic pollutants not considered in these EU documents as substances of high concern, but with reported elevated frequency of detection at high concentrations, are also discussed. The search comprised worldwide publications from 2012, considering at least one of the following criteria: 4 sampling campaigns per year, wet and dry seasons, temporal and/or spatial monitoring of surface (river, estuarine, lake and/or coastal waters) and ground waters. The highest concentrations were found for: (i) the PSs atrazine, alachlor, trifluralin, heptachlor, hexachlorocyclohexane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; (ii) the CECs azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol, imidacloprid and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; and (iii) other unregulated organic compounds (caffeine, naproxen, metolachlor, estriol, dimethoate, terbuthylazine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ketoprofen, atenolol, Bisphenol A, metoprolol, carbofuran, malathion, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and ofloxacin). Most frequent substances as well as those found at highest concentrations in different seasons and regions, together with available risk assessment data, may be useful to identify possible future PS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C G Sousa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Chen BJ, Lam TC, Liu LQ, To CH. Post-translational modifications and their applications in eye research (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3923-3935. [PMID: 28487982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is used for the synthesis of a functional gene product, and ultimately regulates cell function. The increase of biological complexity from genome to proteome is vast, and the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins contribute to this complexity. The study of protein expression and PTMs has attracted attention in the post‑genomic era. Due to the limited capability of conventional biochemical techniques in the past, large‑scale PTM studies were technically challenging. The introduction of effective protein separation methods, specific PTM purification strategies and advanced mass spectrometers has enabled the global profiling of PTMs and the identification of a targeted PTM within the proteome. The present review provides an overview of current proteomic technologies being applied in eye research, with a particular focus on studies of PTMs in ocular tissues and ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chen
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Long-Qian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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11
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Wieszczycka K, Zembrzuska J, Bornikowska J, Wojciechowska A, Wojciechowska I. Removal of naproxen from water by ionic liquid-modified polymer sorbents. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Michael-Kordatou I, Michael C, Duan X, He X, Dionysiou DD, Mills MA, Fatta-Kassinos D. Dissolved effluent organic matter: Characteristics and potential implications in wastewater treatment and reuse applications. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 77:213-248. [PMID: 25917290 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse is currently considered globally as the most critical element of sustainable water management. The dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) present in biologically treated urban wastewater, consists of a heterogeneous mixture of refractory organic compounds with diverse structures and varying origin, including dissolved natural organic matter, soluble microbial products, endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products residues, disinfection by-products, metabolites/transformation products and others, which can reach the aquatic environment through discharge and reuse applications. dEfOM constitutes the major fraction of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) and due to its chemical complexity, it is necessary to utilize a battery of complementary techniques to adequately describe its structural and functional character. dEfOM has been shown to exhibit contrasting effects towards various aquatic organisms. It decreases metal uptake, thus potentially reducing their bioavailability to exposed organisms. On the other hand, dEfOM can be adsorbed on cell membranes inducing toxic effects. This review paper evaluates the performance of various advanced treatment processes (i.e., membrane filtration and separation processes, activated carbon adsorption, ion-exchange resin process, and advanced chemical oxidation processes) in removing dEfOM from wastewater effluents. In general, the literature findings reveal that dEfOM removal by advanced treatment processes depends on the type and the amount of organic compounds present in the aqueous matrix, as well as the operational parameters and the removal mechanisms taking place during the application of each treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Michael-Kordatou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - C Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - X Duan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - X He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - D D Dionysiou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - M A Mills
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 26 W, Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - D Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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13
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Taurino R, Cannio M, Mafredini T, Pozzi P. An efficient and fast analytical procedure for the bromine determination in waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:3147-3152. [PMID: 25244143 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.933883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy was used, in combination with micro-Raman spectroscopy, for a fast determination of bromine concentration and then of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) compounds in waste electrical and electronic equipments. Different samples from different recycling industries were characterized to evaluate the sorting performances of treatment companies. This investigation must be considered of prime research interest since the impact of BFRs on the environment and their potential risk on human health is an actual concern. Indeed, the new European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS 2011/65/EU) demands that plastics with BFRs concentration above 0.1%, being potential health hazards, are identified and eliminated from the recycling process. Our results show the capability and the potential of Raman spectroscopy, together with XRF analysis, as effective tools for the rapid detection of BFRs in plastic materials. In particular, the use of these two techniques in combination can be considered as a promising method suitable for quality control applications in the recycling industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taurino
- a Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'Enzo Ferrari' , Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , via Vignolese 905/A, 41125 Modena , Italy
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14
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Zhang J, Sun B, Xiong X, Gao N, Song W, Du E, Guan X, Zhou G. Removal of emerging pollutants by Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:262-270. [PMID: 25016299 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 supported ruthenium nanoparticles, Ru/TiO2 (0.94‰ as Ru), was synthesized to catalyze permanganate oxidation for degrading emerging pollutants (EPs) with diverse organic moieties. The presence of 1.0 g L(-1) Ru/TiO2 increased the second order reaction rate constants of bisphenol A, diclofenac, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, benzotriazole, carbamazepine, butylparaben, diclofenac, ciprofloxacin and aniline at mg L(-1) level (5.0 μM) by permanganate oxidation at pH 7.0 by 0.3-119 times. The second order reaction rate constants of EPs with permanganate or Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation obtained at EPs concentration of mg L(-1) level (5.0 μM) underestimated those obtained at EPs concentration of μg L(-1) level (0.050 μM). Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate could decompose a mixture of nine EPs at μg L(-1) level efficiently and the second order rate constant for each EP was not decreased due to the competition of other EPs. The toxicity tests revealed that Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation was effective not only for elimination of EPs but also for detoxification. The removal rates of sulfamethoxazole by Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation in ten successive cycles remained almost constant in ultrapure water and slightly decreased in Songhua river water since the sixth run, indicating the satisfactory stability of Ru/TiO2. Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation was selective and could remove selected EPs spiked in real waters more efficiently than chlorination. Therefore, Ru/TiO2-catalyzed permanganate oxidation is promising for removing EPs with electron-rich moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xinmei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Erdeng Du
- Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Gongming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Herrero P, Cortés-Francisco N, Borrull F, Caixach J, Pocurull E, Marcé RM. Comparison of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography for the determination of veterinary drugs in sewage: benefits and drawbacks. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:585-96. [PMID: 25044843 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucocorticoids and polyether ionophores in sewage, in order to show the major benefits and drawbacks for each mass spectrometry analyser. Overall, HRMS measurements have enhanced performance in terms of confirmatory capabilities than MS/MS measurements. Moreover, similar limits of quantification, limits of detection, linear range and repeatability for glucocorticoids with both the MS/MS and HRMS methods were compared, but in the case of polyether ionophores, slightly better limits of detection and limits of quantification were obtained with the HRMS method because of the high sensitivity obtained when diagnostic ions are used for quantification instead of selected reaction monitoring transitions for these compounds. The two methods have been applied to the analysis of several influent and effluent sewage samples from sewage treatment plants located in the Tarragona region (Catalonia, Spain), showing an excellent correlation between the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Herrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Loos R, Tavazzi S, Paracchini B, Canuti E, Weissteiner C. Analysis of polar organic contaminants in surface water of the northern Adriatic Sea by solid-phase extraction followed by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–QTRAP® MS using a hybrid triple-quadrupole linear ion trap instrument. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5875-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Daghrir R, Drogui P, El Khakani M. Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of chlortetracycline using Ti/TiO2 photo-anode with simultaneous H2O2 production. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Carlos L, Mártire DO, Gonzalez MC, Gomis J, Bernabeu A, Amat AM, Arques A. Photochemical fate of a mixture of emerging pollutants in the presence of humic substances. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:4732-4740. [PMID: 22766461 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of a mixture of the emerging pollutants (EPs) clofibric acid, amoxicillin, acetamiprid, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, and caffeine was studied under irradiation with a xenon lamp. The quantum efficiencies of the EPs were determined when irradiated individually. Experiments with the mixture of the EPs showed that indirect photoprocesses attributable to interaction between EPs can either enhance the photodegradation rate by photosensitization or decrease it by quenching processes. The addition of humic substances (HS) to the solutions resulted in an increase of indirect photoprocesses with higher effects on acetaminophen and carbamazepine; this was more remarkable when a filter was used to cut off radiation in the range 280-295 nm. Experiments carried out with chemical probes indicated that the triplet excited states of HS play a major role in the photosensitization process, although the contribution of other species cannot be completely ruled out. Additionally, V. fischeri toxicity tests showed a synergistic effect produced by the mixture of EPs before irradiation. Photodegradation resulted in an enhanced toxicity of the solution at the initial steps of the process, which was associated both with synergistic effects and with the formation of toxic photodegradation by-products of clofibric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Carlos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas-INIFTA, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sirtori C, Zapata A, Gernjak W, Malato S, Agüera A. Photolysis of flumequine: identification of the major phototransformation products and toxicity measures. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:627-634. [PMID: 22513337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct photolysis of flumequine (FLU, 20 mg L(-1)) in different types of water (demineralised water (DW) and synthetic seawater (SW)), was conducted in a Suntest CPS+solar simulator to evaluate its persistence and toxicity, and to identify the major phototransformation products (PTPs) generated during photolysis in DW. It was observed that FLU is susceptible to transformation when subjected to direct solar radiation. The composition of the water affects the FLU degradation kinetics, which is slower in SW. Photolytic transformation products generated during direct photolysis were identified by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Fourteen PTPs generated in DW were identified. The transformation of FLU begins with the opening of the heterocyclic ring by oxidation of the double bond. Loss of the fluorine atom and the hydroxylation of the aromatic ring also appear as the majority, especially in the early stages. Comparative acute toxicity evaluation by Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays was performed for the first and last irradiated solutions in both matrices studied. These bioassays demonstrated that in the SW matrix, the most persistent PTPs are highly toxic to D. magna but less so to V. fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sirtori
- Pesticide Residue Research Group, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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20
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21
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Kmellár B, Pareja L, Ferrer C, Fodor P, Fernández-Alba AR. Study of the effects of operational parameters on multiresidue pesticide analysis by LC–MS/MS. Talanta 2011; 84:262-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Bernabeu A, Vercher R, Santos-Juanes L, Simón P, Lardín C, Martínez M, Vicente J, González R, Llosá C, Arques A, Amat A. Solar photocatalysis as a tertiary treatment to remove emerging pollutants from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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ZHAO X, LI Y, ZHANG H, NI Y, CHEN J. Applications of chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging organic pollutants. Se Pu 2010; 28:435-41. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Guerra P, Covaci A, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Recent Methodologies for Brominated Flame Retardant Determinations by Means of Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2010_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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25
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Cueva-Mestanza R, Torres-Padrón ME, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Microwave-assisted micellar extraction coupled with solid-phase extraction for preconcentration of pharmaceuticals in molluscs prior to determination by HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1115-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Vázquez AS, Costa-Fernandez JM, Encinar JR, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Bromine determination in polymers by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and its potential for fast first screening of brominated flame retardants in polymers and paintings. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 623:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Richardson SD. Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4373-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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28
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Guerra P, de la Torre A, Martínez MA, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Identification and trace level determination of brominated flame retardants by liquid chromatography/quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:916-924. [PMID: 18302167 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of instrumental methodology for the simultaneous determination of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives by liquid chromatography/quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS). Two different experiments were developed, optimized and compared. The first is based on a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method in which the two most abundant transitions were selected for each analyte, as well as for the internal standards. In the second, the ion trap was used for the storage and subsequent fragmentation of precursor ions, obtaining an enhanced product ion (EPI) experiment. Both methods were validated by measuring quality parameters such as linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability. Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.1-1.8 pg and 0.01-0.5 pg for SRM and EPI experiments, respectively, being lower than those published for the LC/QqQ-MS methods. Thus, LC-QqLIT-MS, used for quantification and confirmation, proved to be a powerful and very sensitive analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guerra
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Picó Y, Farré ML, Soler C, Barceló D. Identification of unknown pesticides in fruits using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:123-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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García-Reyes JF, Hernando MD, Molina-Díaz A, Fernández-Alba AR. Comprehensive screening of target, non-target and unknown pesticides in food by LC-TOF-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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García-Reyes JF, Hernando MD, Ferrer C, Molina-Díaz A, Fernández-Alba AR. Large scale pesticide multiresidue methods in food combining liquid chromatography--time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7308-23. [PMID: 17718536 DOI: 10.1021/ac070855v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) are powerful and complementary techniques that can independently cover the majority of the challenges related with pesticide residue food control. The sequential combination of both systems benefits from their complementary advantages and assists to increase the performance and to simplify routine large scale pesticide multiresidue methods. The proposed approach consists of three stages: (1) automated pesticide screening by LC-TOFMS; (2) identification by LC-TOFMS accurate mass measurements; and (3) confirmation and quantitation by LC-MS/MS. We have developed a fast comprehensive (identification/confirmation + quantitation) automated screening method for 100 target pesticides in crops. In the first stage, a set of data including m/z accurate mass windows (within 20 mDa width) and retention time is obtained (using a standard solution containing all the targeted pesticides) in order to build the automated screening procedure, which is created automatically by assigning retention time and the m/z mass window for each target pesticide. Samples are then analyzed, and the method enables the screening and preliminary identification of the species first by retention time and m/z mass window, followed by subsequent identification (only if positive results) by LC-TOFMS accurate mass measurements. After that, final confirmation of the positive findings using two MRM transitions and accurate quantitation is performed by LC-MS/MS using a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT) mass spectrometer. In addition, the use of this QqLIT instrument also offers additional advantageous scanning modes (enhanced product ion and MS3 modes) for confirmatory purposes in compounds with poor fragmentation. Examples of applications to real samples show the potential of the proposed approach, including the detection of nonselected "a priori" compounds as a typical case of retrospective evaluation of banned or misused substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F García-Reyes
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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32
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Soler C, James KJ, Picó Y. Capabilities of different liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry systems in determining pesticide residues in food. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1157:73-84. [PMID: 17466998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three different liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instruments equipped with triple quadrupole (QqQ), quadrupole ion trap (QIT) and quadrupole-time-of-flight (QqTOF), suitable to carry out tandem mass spectrometry, were examined to determine pesticide residues in food. Twelve pesticides (acrinathrin, bupirimate, buprofezin, cyproconazole, lambda-cyhalothrin, fluvalinate, hexaflumuron, kresoxim-methyl, propanil, pyrifenox, pyriproxyfen and tebufenpyrad) and six matrices (oranges, strawberries, cherries, peaches, apricots and pears) were taken as model. The comparison was focused on two aspects: the quantitative, covering sensitivity, precision and accuracy as well as the qualitative, checking the possibility to identify any metabolite present in the samples, which were not targeted in the methods. The extraction was carried out using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethyl acetate and acid alumina. Recoveries were over 70 % for all the analytes. Repeatabilities were better for the QqQ (5-12%) than for QIT (6-15%) and for QqTOF (14-19%). QqQ offered a linear dynamic range of at least three orders of magnitude, whereas those of QIT and QqTOF were two and one orders of magnitude, respectively. QqQ reached at least 20-fold higher sensitivity than QIT and QqTOF. However, the QqQ failed to identify non-target compounds. QIT and QqTOF were able to successfully identify the metabolite of bupirimate, ethirimol. Application to monitor the content in fruits, taken from agricultural cooperatives, and to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) to establish if there is any difference of toxicological interest is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Soler
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Harir M, Frommberger M, Gaspar A, Martens D, Kettrup A, El Azzouzi M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Characterization of imazamox degradation by-products by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1459-67. [PMID: 17554530 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The photodecomposition of imazamox, a herbicide of the imidazolinone family, was investigated in pure water. The main photoproducts from the photolysis were followed over time by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and structures were proposed from exact mass determinations obtained by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The method comprised exact mass determination with better than 0.2 ppm mass accuracy and a corresponding structural visualization taking care of respective isotopes with an adapted van Krevelen diagram that enabled a systematic approach to the characterisation of the elementary composition of each photoproduct. By taking advantage of the high resolving power of FT-ICR MS to make precise formula assignments, the derived 2D van Krevelen diagram (O/C; H/C; m/z) enabled one to structurally differentiate the formed photoproducts and to propose a degradation pathway for imazamox.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harir
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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35
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Huerta-Fontela M, Galceran MT, Ventura F. Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Stimulatory Drugs of Abuse in Wastewater and Surface Waters. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3821-9. [PMID: 17437334 DOI: 10.1021/ac062370x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of 15 stimulatory drugs in water. Cocaine, amphetamine-related compounds, LSD, ketamine, PCP, fentanyl, and metabolites, among the controlled drugs, and nicotine, caffeine, and their metabolites, among the noncontrolled drugs, were studied. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 4.5 min, with improved peak resolution and sensitivity. Identification and quantification of the compounds of interest was performed by selected reaction monitoring, using an electrospray ionization source. Isotope dilution (except for paraxanthine) was used for quantitation. Quality parameters of the method were established, and limits of quantification were obtained for controlled drugs in surface waters from 0.1 to 3.1 ng/L and in wastewaters from 0.2 to 4.0 ng/L. Run-to-run and day-to-day precisions were evaluated in different water matrixes (Milli-Q water, surface water, wastewater). To assess the presence of these drugs in real water samples, the optimized method was applied to the analysis of wastewater and surface river water. The analysis of several samples from wastewater treatment plants in northeast Spain revealed the presence of drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine-related compounds, in both influent and effluent samples. Cocaine metabolite and MDMA (ecstasy) were also found in surface waters while nicotine and caffeine were detected in all the analyzed samples. The results obtained demonstrate that the presence of these drugs in the aquatic media must be considered a matter of environmental concern.
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Rodríguez-Obeso O, Alvarez-Guerra M, Andrés A, Viguri J, DelValls T, Riba I, Martín-Díaz M. Monitoring and managing sediment quality and impact assessment in Spain in the past 10 years. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Soler C, Picó Y. Recent trends in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine pesticides and their metabolites in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Segura PA, García-Ac A, Lajeunesse A, Ghosh D, Gagnon C, Sauvé S. Determination of six anti-infectives in wastewater using tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:307-13. [PMID: 17410305 DOI: 10.1039/b618801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rugged and specific method based on tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of anti-infectives in raw sewage and wastewater plant effluents was developed. Analyte recoveries from spiked effluents ranged from 68 to 104%. Two specific selected reaction monitoring transitions and their peak area ratios were used to avoid false positives and confirm the presence of the targeted substances. Detection limits allowed low nanogram per litre detection (0.3-22 ng L(-1)). The method was successfully applied to real samples from the Montréal wastewater treatment plant. All the studied anti-infectives were found in the wastewater samples in concentrations ranging from 39 to 276 ng L(-1). Mean flows of anti-infectives were estimated from effluent concentrations and it was found that large amounts (>118 g day(-1) up to 830 g day(-1)) are discharged in the receiving waters of the St Lawrence River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Segura
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3C 3J7
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Gentili A. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environmental samples by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:1185-202. [PMID: 17139488 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of pharmaceutical compounds widely used in human health care and often found in the aquatic environment, with their metabolites. After an introduction that describes the general problem of drug contamination, the properties of NSAIDs, and environmental risk assessment, this review surveys the chromatographic and electrophoretic methods of analysis in use today for monitoring the most important representatives of this pharmaceutical class in different environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentili
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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