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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Q. Bio-promoter mediated denitrification recovery from Cd(II) stress: Microbial activity resilience, electron behavior enhancement and microbial community evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130780. [PMID: 38703963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Denitrification is fragile to toxic substances, while currently there are few regulation strategies for toxic substance-stressed denitrification. This study proposed a combined bio-promoter composed of basic bio-promoter (cytokinin, biotin, L-cysteine, and flavin adenine dinucleotide) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) to recover cadmium(II) (Cd(II)) stressed denitrification. By inhibiting 58.02% and 48.84% of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities, Cd(II) caused all the influent nitrogen to accumulate as NO3--N and NO2--N. Combined bio-promoter shortened the recovery time by 21 cycles and improved nitrogen removal efficiency by 10% as the synergistic effect of basic bio-promoter and PMo12. Basic bio-promoter enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities for reactive oxygen species clearance and recovered 23.30% of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for sufficient electron donors. Meanwhile, PMo12 recovered electron carriers contents, increasing the electron transfer activity by 60.81% compared with self-recovery. Bio-promoters enhanced the abundance of denitrifiers Seminibacterium and Dechloromonas, which was positively correlated with rapid recovery of denitrification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinshuang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- China Water Resources Bei Fang Investigation, Design & Research CO.LTD, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Zeng T, Wang L, Ren X, Al-Dhabi NA, Sha H, Fu Y, Tang W, Zhang J. The effect of quorum sensing on cadmium- and lead-containing wastewater treatment using activated sludge: Removal efficiency, enzyme activity, and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118835. [PMID: 38582423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is prevalent in activated sludge processes; however, its essential role in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater has rarely been studied. Therefore, in this study, acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS was used to regulate the removal performance, enzyme activity, and microbial community of Cd- and Pb-containing wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) over 30 cycles. The results showed that exogenous AHL strengthened the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in their coexistence wastewater during the entire period. The removal of NH4+-N, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was also enhanced by the addition of AHL despite the coexistence of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Meanwhile, the protein content of extracellular polymeric substances was elevated and the microbial metabolism and antioxidative response were stimulated by the addition of AHL, which was beneficial for resistance to heavy metal stress and promoted pollutant removal by activated sludge. Microbial sequencing indicated that AHL optimized the microbial community structure, with the abundance of dominant taxa Proteobacteria and Unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae increasing by 73.9% and 59.2% maximally, respectively. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal as well as microbial community succession under AHL availability in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liangqin Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazard, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haichao Sha
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yusong Fu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Qi W, Chu G, Wang Q, Gao C, Chen W, Liu J, Gao M. Performance evaluation, enzymatic activity change and metagenomic analysis of sequencing batch reactor under divalent zinc stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129774. [PMID: 37722545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Divalent zinc (Zn2+) are widely detected in domestic and industrial wastewater, and it is essential to evaluate the effect of Zn2+ on wastewater biological treatment process due to its bio-toxicity. In this study, the nitrogen removal rates and their corresponding enzymatic activities of sequencing batch reactor decreased with the increase of Zn2+ concentration. The Zn2+ accumulation in activated sludge caused significant antioxidant response, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant enzymatic activities were positively correlated with Zn2+ concentration. The presence of Zn2+ inhibited the metabolic pathways related to energy production and electron transport. The abundance decreases of nitrification and denitrification functional genes led to the deterioration of nitrogen removal performance under Zn2+ stress. The correlation analysis between functional gene modules and microbial genera revealed that Zoogloea had obvious Zn2+ resistance. This study can provide the insights into the influencing mechanism of Zn2+ on the biological nitrogen removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weiyi Qi
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qianzhi Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiateng Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Shi X, Tan W, Tang S, Ling Q, Tang C, Qin P, Luo S, Zhao Y, Yu F, Li Y. Metagenomics reveals taxon-specific responses of soil nitrogen cycling under different fertilization regimes in heavy metal contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118766. [PMID: 37579601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil deficiency, cyclic erosion, and heavy metal pollution have led to fertility loss and ecological function decline in mining areas. Fertilization is an important way to rapidly replenish soil nutrients, which have a major influence on the soil nitrogen cycling process, but different fertilization regimes have different impacts on soil properties and microbial functional potentials. Here, metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the different responses of key functional genes of microbial nitrogen cycling to fertilization regimes and explore the potential effects of soil physicochemical properties on the key functional genes. The results indicated that AC-HH (ammonium chloride-high frequency and concentration) treatment significantly increased the gene abundance of norC (13.40-fold), nirK (5.46-fold), and napA (5.37-fold). U-HH (urea-high frequency and concentration) treatment significantly increased the gene abundance of hao (6.24-fold), pmoA-amoA (4.32-fold) norC (7.00-fold), nosZ (3.69-fold), and nirK (6.88-fold). Functional genes were distributed differently among the 10 dominant phyla. The nifH and nifK genes were distributed only in Proteobacteria. The hao gene was distributed in Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria. Fertilization regimes caused changes in functional redundancy in soil, and nirK and nirB, which are involved in denitrification, were present in different genera. Fertilization regimes with high frequency and high concentration were more likely to increase the gene abundance at the genus level. In summary, this study provides insights into the taxon-specific response of soil nitrogen cycling under different fertilization regimes, where changes in fertilization regimes affect microbial nitrogen cycling by altering soil physicochemical properties in a complex dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Weilan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Shuting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Qiujie Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Chijian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Peiqing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China
| | - Yinjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, China.
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Fu Y, Xu R, Yang B, Wu Y, Xia L, Tawfik A, Meng F. Mediation of Bacterial Interactions via a Novel Membrane-Based Segregator to Enhance Biological Nitrogen Removal. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0070923. [PMID: 37404187 PMCID: PMC10370321 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of microbial subpopulations in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with desired functions can guarantee nutrient removal. In nature, "good fences make good neighbors," which can be applied to engineering microbial consortia. Herein, a membrane-based segregator (MBSR) was proposed, where porous membranes not only promote the diffusion of metabolic products but also isolate incompatible microbes. The MBSR was integrated with an anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor (i.e., an experimental MBR). The long-term operation showed that the experimental MBR exhibited higher nitrogen removal (10.45 ± 2.73 mg/L total nitrogen) than the control MBR (21.68 ± 4.23 mg/L) in the effluent. The MBSR resulted in much lower oxygen reduction potential in the anoxic tank of the experimental MBR (-82.00 mV) compared to that of the control MBR (83.25 mV). The lower oxygen reduction potential can inevitably aid in the occurrence of denitrification. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the MBSR significantly enriched acidogenic consortia, which yielded considerable volatile fatty acids by fermenting the added carbon sources and allowed efficient transfer of these small molecules to the denitrifying community. Moreover, the sludge communities of the experimental MBR harbored a higher abundance of denitrifying bacteria than those of the control MBR. Metagenomic analysis further corroborated these sequencing results. The spatially structured microbial communities in the experimental MBR system demonstrate the practicability of the MBSR, achieving nitrogen removal efficiency superior to that of mixed populations. Our study provides an engineering method for modulating the assembly and metabolic division of labor of subpopulations in WWTPs. IMPORTANCE This study provides an innovative and applicable method for regulating subpopulations (activated sludge and acidogenic consortia), which contributes to the precise control of the metabolic division of labor in biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Boyi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingxin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lichao Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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6
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Chi Y, Ma X, Wu J, Wang R, Zhang X, Chu S, Zhang D, Zhou P. Plant growth promoting endophyte promotes cadmium accumulation in Solanum nigrum L. by regulating plant homeostasis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131866. [PMID: 37329596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis regulating mechanism of endophyte enhancing cadmium (Cd) extraction by hyperaccumulator is poorly understood. Here, an endophyte strain E3 that belonged to Pseudomonas was screened from Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L., which significantly improved the Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum by 40.26%. The content and translocation factor of nutrient elements indicated that endophyte might regulate Cd accumulation by affecting the uptake and transport of magnesium and iron in S. nigrum. Gene transcriptional expression profile further revealed that SnMGT, SnIRT1, and SnIRT2, etc., were the key genes involved in the regulation of S. nigrum elements uptake by endophyte. However, changes in elemental homeostasis did not negatively affect plant growth. Endophyte inoculation promoted plant growth by fortifying photosynthesis as well as recruiting specific bacteria in S. nigrum endosphere, e.g., Pseudonocardiaceae, Halomonas. Notably, PICRUSt2 analysis and biochemical characterization jointly suggested that endophyte regulated starch degradation in S. nigrum leaves to maintain photosynthetic balance. Our results demonstrated that microecological characteristics of hyperaccumulator could be reshaped by endophyte, also the homeostasis regulation in endophyte enhanced hyperaccumulator Cd phytoextraction was significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianzhong Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Li B, Xu D, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhang L. Ecotoxic side-effects of allelochemicals on submerged plant and its associated microfloras effectively relieved by sustained-release microspheres. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161888. [PMID: 36731566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algae bloom caused by water eutrophication is a burning question worldwide. Allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres (ACs-SMs) exhibited remarkable inhibition effect on algae, however, few studies have focused on the ecotoxic side-effects of ACs-SMs on submerged plant and its associated microfloras. Herein the effects of different exposure situations including single high-concentration ACs (15 mg/L, SH-ACs), repeated low-concentration ACs (3 × 5 mg/L, RL-ACs) and ACs-SMs containing 15 mg/L ACs on morphological indexes, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activity, and chlorophyll fluorescence indexes of submerged plant Vallisneria natans and the richness and diversity of its associated microfloras (epibiotic microbes and sediment microbes) were studied. The results showed that pure ACs (RL-ACs and SH-ACs groups) had negative effects on plant height, mean leaf number and area of V. natans, but promoted the increase of mean leaf length. In addition, pure ACs caused lipid peroxidation, activated the antioxidant defense system, decreased chlorophyll content, and damaged photosynthetic system in leaves. Interestingly, ACs-SMs not only had barely negative effects on above indexes of V. natans, but had certain positive effects at the later experiment stage (days 50-60). Pure ACs and ACs-SMs all reduced the richness and diversity of microfloras in each group, and promoted the increase of relative abundance of dominant bacteria Pseudomonas, leading to a simpler community structure. Significantly, V. natans leaves diminished the effects of pure ACs and ACs-SMs on epibiotic microbes, and the plant rhizosphere was beneficial to the increase of dominant bacteria that promoted plant growth. Thus, sustained-release microspherification technology can effectively relieve the ecotoxic side-effects of pure ACs on submerged plant and its associated microfloras. This study fills the gap on the ecological safety knowledge of ACs-SMs and provides primary data for evaluating the feasibility and commercialization prospects of ACs-SMs as algae inhibitor in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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8
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Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang Q, Zhang C, Ji M. A new insight to explore toxic Cd(II) affecting denitrification: Reaction kinetic, electron behavior and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135419. [PMID: 35752314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification process is a crucial step in nitrogen removal and is more vulnerable to external shocks due to the fact that anoxic process is always located before aerobic process in conventional sewage treatment. This study aims to elaborate the nitrogen conversion characteristics by investigating denitrification kinetics, electron behavior and microbial community under Cd(II) shock. Reaction kinetics showed that 10 mg/L of Cd(II) accelerated nitrate reduction rate by 52.29% but 80 mg/L of Cd(II) severely decelerated it by 95.41% with the accumulation of nitrite. High concentration of COD (C/N = 10.4) in the system caused by Cd(II) disrupting the integrity of cell membrane (lactate dehydrogenase increased by 328.7%) was proved to induce occurrence of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia (DNRA). The electron transport system activity (ETSA), electron consumption and electron distribution were combined to reveal the electron behavior regulated by Cd(II). The electron ratio of nitrate reductase to nitrite reductase increased from 1.48 (control) to 3.91 and 3.52 (40 and 80 mg/L of Cd(II)) indicated the electrons allocating tendency and further explained the nitrite accumulation. High concentration of Cd(II) also decreased ETSA by weakening the physiological activities of flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide and cytochrome c or hindered the microbes to secrete these electron carriers. Furthermore, Cd(II) inhibited dominant bacteria genera containing napA gene (Azospirillum and Thauera) and nirS gene (unclassified_c_Betaproteobacteria). Enterobacteriaceae family was found to dominate the DNRA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Zhihui Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Chenggong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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9
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Deng S, An Q, Ran B, Yang Z, Xu B, Zhao B, Li Z. Efficient remediation of Mn 2+ and NH 4+-N in co-contaminated water and soil by Acinetobacter sp. AL-6 synergized with grapefruit peel biochar: Performance and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118962. [PMID: 35970107 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrolysis manganese slag produced in industrial manganese production causes massive leachate containing heavy metal Mn2+ and inorganic NH4+-N, which causes serious hazard to the water body and soil. A cost-effective alternative to address the multiple pollution is urgently needed. This study investigated the synergy of grapefruit peel biochar (BC) and strain AL-6 to remediate Mn2+ and NH4+-N in sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) and soil column. The results showed that, in SBR, under the condition of C/N 5, temperature 30°C, BC and strain AL-6 showed fabulous performance to remove Mn2+ (99.3%) and NH4+-N (97.7%). The coexisting ions Mg2+ and Ca2+ had no effects on the removal of Mn2+ and COD, however, 23.3% removal efficiency of NH4+-N was curtailed. Characterization found that the presence of MnCO3 confirmed the adsorption of Mn2+ by functional groups action, and gas chromatography indicated that BC and strain AL-6 promoted the reduction of N2O and organic carbon. In addition, BC and strain AL-6 helped to immobilize 799.41 mg L-1 of Mn2+ and 320 mg L-1 of NH4+-N after 45 d in the soil column. And the determination of TOC, CEC, pH, Eh, soil enzymatic activity (catalase and urease), and microbial diversity and abundance confirmed that BC and strain AL-6 increased the soil fertility and bioavailability of pollutants. Totally, BC and strain AL-6 possess great potential to remediate Mn2+ and NH4+-N pollution in water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Deng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Qiang An
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Binbin Ran
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zihao Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Bohan Xu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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10
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Xu W, Yang Z, Tang H, Wang C, Ye Z. Response of immobilized denitrifying bacterial consortium to tetracycline exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113652. [PMID: 35605327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) as one of the most widely used antibiotics commonly exists in aquaculture tail water and piggery wastewater, causing risks to human. However, the response of immobilized anaerobic denitrifying bacterial consortium to TC exposure lacks systematic research. In this study, the denitrification performance and the compositional shift of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community under TC stress were investigated. The inhabitation effect of TC on nitrate reduction of the immobilized bacterial consortium became evident at high concentrations (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L). Nitrite reduction was more sensitively inhibited than nitrate reduction. The inhabitation effect was mainly due to the fact that TC damaged cell membranes and subsequently effect the intracellular enzymes activities relating to denitrification (NAR and NIR activities). About 50% of TC can be removed by the immobilized bacterial consortium under all tested TC concentrations. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) results implied that the tryptophan like substances of EPS were obviously quenched with increasing TC concentration. EPS played an important role in TC removal. The denitification performance of the immobilized bacterial consortium under TC stress was attributed to the genera Paraccoccus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Diaphorobacter and Pseudomonas. Initial TC concentration obviously affected the microbial communities. This study may facilitate the management of aquaculture tail water and piggery wastewater contaminated with nitrate and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China.
| | - Ziyi Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Deng Y, Fu S, Sarkodie EK, Zhang S, Jiang L, Liang Y, Yin H, Bai L, Liu X, Liu H, Jiang H. Ecological responses of bacterial assembly and functions to steep Cd gradient in a typical Cd-contaminated farmland ecosystem. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113067. [PMID: 34890983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The response of soil bacterial communities from farmland ecosystems to cadmium (Cd) pollution, in which a steep concentration gradient of more than 100 mg/kg has naturally formed, has not previously been fully reported. In this study, a field investigation was conducted in a typical severe Cd-polluted farmland ecosystem, and the bacterial community response to the steep Cd gradient was analyzed. The results showed that Cd concentration sharply decreased from 159.2 mg/kg to 4.18 mg/kg among four sampling sites alongside an irrigation canal over a distance of 150 m. Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly lower in highly polluted sites, and random forest analysis indicated that Cd gradient played a decisive role in reducing alpha diversity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and co-occurrence network indicated that the synergistic effects of pH, Cd, and phosphorus were the main drivers shaping community structure. The functional results predicted by BugBase suggested that the bacterial community may adapt to the harsh environment by recruiting Cd-resistant microbes and improving oxidative stress tolerance of the whole community. Cd-resistant microorganisms such as Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, and Sulfurifustis, which directly or indirectly participate in diminishing oxidative damage of Cd, may play essential roles in maintaining community stability and might be potential bacterial resources for the bioremediation of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Shaodong Fu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Emmannuel Konadu Sarkodie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Luhua Jiang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yili Liang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Huidan Jiang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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12
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Zeng T, Hu Q, Zhang X, Nong H, Wang A. Biological Removal of Se and Cd from Acidic Selenite- and Cadmium-containing Wastewater with Limited Carbon Availability. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:1208-1219. [PMID: 34173010 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a successful treatment of biological acidic Se(IV)- and Cd(II)-containing wastewater via the SBR with limited carbon source (100 mg/L COD). Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), high solution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) results verified the formation of elemental Se and CdSe nanoparticles in the sludge. The abundance of genera in the microbial community gradually changed over the treatment phases depending on the Se(IV) and Cd(II) exposure with different influent COD concentrations. The taxa of Proteiniclasticum, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, Longilinea and Mycobacterium were dominant. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicates that COD concentrations had the greatest impact on Zoogloea and Pseudomonas by promoting an increased abundance and decreased abundance, respectively. Overall, the results extended our understanding of the mechanisms and microbial community responding for the Se(IV) and Cd(II) removal under limited carbon availability in acidic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Qing Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Haidu Nong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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13
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Miao Y, Heintz MB, Bell CH, Johnson NW, Polasko AL, Favero D, Mahendra S. Profiling microbial community structures and functions in bioremediation strategies for treating 1,4-dioxane-contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124457. [PMID: 33189472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community compositions and functional profiles were analyzed in microcosms established using aquifer materials from a former automobile factory site, where 1,4-dioxane was identified as the primary contaminant of concern. Propane or oxygen biostimulation resulted in limited 1,4-dioxane degradation, which was markedly enhanced with the addition of nutrients, resulting in abundant Mycobacterium and Methyloversatilis taxa and high expressions of propane monooxygenase gene, prmA. In bioaugmented treatments, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 or Rhodococcus ruber ENV425 strains dominated immediately after augmentation and degraded 1,4-dioxane rapidly which was consistent with increased representation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism-related functions. Although the bioaugmented microbes decreased due to insufficient growth substrates and microbial competition, they did continue to degrade 1,4-dioxane, presumably by indigenous propanotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, inducing similar community structures across bioaugmentation conditions. In various treatments, functional redundancy acted as buffer capacity to ensure a stable microbiome, drove the restoration of the structure and microbial functions to original levels, and induced the decoupling between basic metabolic functions and taxonomy. The results of this study provided valuable information for design and decision-making for ex-situ bioreactors and in-situ bioremediation applications. A metagenomics-based understanding of the treatment process will enable efficient and accurate adjustments when encountering unexpected issues in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Monica B Heintz
- Arcadis North America, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129, United States
| | | | - Nicholas W Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Alexandra LaPat Polasko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - David Favero
- Revitalizing Auto Communities Environmental Response (RACER) Trust, Detroit, MI 48226, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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14
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Broman E, Motwani NH, Bonaglia S, Landberg T, Nascimento FJA, Sjöling S. Denitrification responses to increasing cadmium exposure in Baltic Sea sediments. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105328. [PMID: 31629202 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic ecosystems have come under intense pressure, due to eutrophication-driven oxygen decline and industrial metal contamination. One of the most toxic metals is Cadmium (Cd), which is lethal to many aquatic organisms already at low concentrations. Denitrification by facultative anaerobic microorganisms is an essential process to transform, but also to remove, excess nitrate in eutrophied systems. Cd has been shown to decrease denitrification and sequester free sulfide, which is available when oxygen is scarce and generally inhibits complete denitrification (i.e. N2O to N2). In polluted sediments, an interaction between oxygen and Cd may influence denitrification and this relationship has not been studied. For example, in the Baltic Sea some sediments are double exposed to both Cd and hypoxia. In this study, we examined how the double exposure of Cd and fluctuations in oxygen affects denitrification in Baltic Sea sediment. Results show that oxygen largely regulated N2O and N2 production after 21 days of exposure to Cd (ranging from 0 to 500 μg/L, 5 different treatments, measured by the isotope pairing technique (IPT)). In the high Cd treatment (500 μg/L) the variation in N2 production increased compared to the other treatments. Increases in N2 production are suggested to be an effect of 1) enhanced nitrification that increases NO3- availability thus stimulating denitrification, and 2) Cd successfully sequestrating sulfide (yielding CdS), which allows for full denitrification to N2. The in situ field sediment contained initially high Cd concentrations in the pore water (∼10 μg/L) and microbial communities might already have been adapted to metal stress, making the effect of low Cd levels negligible. Here we show that high levels of cadmium pollution might increase N2 production and influence nitrogen cycling in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Broman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.
| | - Nisha H Motwani
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, 141 89, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bonaglia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Tommy Landberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Francisco J A Nascimento
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Sara Sjöling
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, 141 89, Sweden
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15
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Dai M, Zhou G, Ng HY, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li N, Qi X, Miao M, Liu Q, Kong Q. Diversity evolution of functional bacteria and resistance genes (CzcA) in aerobic activated sludge under Cd(II) stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109519. [PMID: 31514000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to treat divalent cadmium (Cd(II)) wastewater for 60 d to investigate the overall treatment performance, evolution of the bacterial community, and abundance of the Cd(II) resistance gene CzcA and shifts in its potential host bacteria. During stable operation with a Cd(II) concentration of 20 mg/L, the average removal efficiencies of Cd(II) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were more than 85% and that of total phosphorus was greater than 70%, while the total nitrogen (TN) was only about 45%. The protein (PN) content in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased significantly after Cd(II) addition, while polysaccharides displayed a decreasing trend (p < 0.05), indicating that EPS prefer to release PN to adsorb Cd(II) and protect bacteria from damage. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral analysis showed that fulvic acid-like substances were the most abundant chemical components of EPS. The addition of Cd(II) adversely affected most denitrifying bacteria (p < 0.05), which is consistent with the low TN removal. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CzcA gene abundance decreased as the Cd(II) concentration increased, possibly because expression of the CzcA gene was inhibited by Cd(II) stress. The majority of CzcA gene sequences were carried by Pseudomonas, making it the dominant genus among Cd(II)-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixue Dai
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Shandong Huankeyuan Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, 50 Lishan Road, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dongying Customs, 101 Fuqian Dajie, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Dongying Customs, 101 Fuqian Dajie, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Miao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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16
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Xia T, Xie M, Chen D, Xiao Z. Impact of phenol on the performance, kinetics, microbial communities and functional genes of an autotrophic denitrification system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1105-1114. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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