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Du L, Roy S, Wang P, Li Z, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Guo B. Unveiling the future: Advancements in MRI imaging for neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102230. [PMID: 38364912 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent a significant and growing global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic tools for accurate and early detection. This work explores the recent progress in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques and their application in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders. The introductory section provides a comprehensive overview of the study's background, significance, and objectives. Recognizing the current challenges associated with conventional MRI, the manuscript delves into advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution structural imaging (HR-MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography-MRI (PET-MRI) fusion. Each technique is critically examined regarding its potential to address theranostic limitations and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the underlying pathology. A substantial portion of the work is dedicated to exploring the applications of advanced MRI in specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In addressing the future landscape, the manuscript examines technological advances, including the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence in neuroimaging. The conclusion summarizes key findings, outlines implications for future research, and underscores the importance of these advancements in reshaping our understanding and approach to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Du
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xiaoting Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen Longhua District Key Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianpeng Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Xiang L, Wang Y, Liu S, Liu B, Jin X, Cao X. Targeting Protein Aggregates with Natural Products: An Optional Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11275. [PMID: 37511037 PMCID: PMC10379780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In these diseases, many pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, α-Syn, Htt, and FUS, form aggregates that disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and lead to associated neuronal lesions. Protein aggregates in NDs are widely recognized as one of the important targets for the treatment of these diseases. Natural products, with their diverse biological activities and rich medical history, represent a great treasure trove for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that natural products, by virtue of their complex molecular scaffolds that specifically bind to pathogenic proteins and their aggregates, can inhibit the formation of aggregates, disrupt the structure of aggregates and destabilize them, thereby alleviating conditions associated with NDs. Here, we systematically reviewed studies using natural products to improve disease-related symptoms by reducing or inhibiting the formation of five pathogenic protein aggregates associated with NDs. This information should provide valuable insights into new directions and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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3
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Mitra S, Munni YA, Dash R, Sadhu T, Barua L, Islam MA, Chowdhury D, Bhattacharjee D, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040957. [PMID: 37109487 PMCID: PMC10144697 DOI: 10.3390/life13040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the brain are related via a complex bidirectional interconnective network. Thus, intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for the brain, as it can control the environment of the central nervous system and play a significant role in disease progression. The link between neuropsychological behavior or neurodegeneration and gut dysbiosis is well established, but many involved pathways remain unknown. Accumulating studies showed that metabolites derived from gut microbiota are involved in the autophagy activation of various organs, including the brain, one of the major pathways of the protein clearance system that is essential for protein aggregate clearance. On the other hand, some metabolites are evidenced to disrupt the autophagy process, which can be a modulator of neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanism of autophagy regulation by gut microbiota remains elusive, and little research only focused on that. Here we tried to evaluate the crosstalk between gut microbiota metabolites and impaired autophagy of the central nervous system in neurodegeneration and the key to future research regarding gut dysbiosis and compromised autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Toma Sadhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Largess Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Dipannita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Debpriya Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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4
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Protas H, Ghisays V, Goradia DD, Bauer R, Devadas V, Chen K, Reiman EM, Su Y. Individualized network analysis: A novel approach to investigate tau PET using graph theory in the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1089134. [PMID: 36937677 PMCID: PMC10017746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1089134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tau PET imaging has emerged as an important tool to detect and monitor tangle burden in vivo in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies demonstrated the association of tau burden with cognitive decline in probable AD cohorts. This study introduces a novel approach to analyze tau PET data by constructing individualized tau network structure and deriving its graph theory-based measures. We hypothesize that the network- based measures are a measure of the total tau load and the stage through disease. Methods Using tau PET data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative from 369 participants, we determine the network measures, global efficiency, global strength, and limbic strength, and compare with two regional measures entorhinal and tau composite SUVR, in the ability to differentiate, cognitively unimpaired (CU), MCI and AD. We also investigate the correlation of these network and regional measures and a measure of memory performance, auditory verbal learning test for long-term recall memory (AVLT-LTM). Finally, we determine the stages based on global efficiency and limbic strength using conditional inference trees and compare with Braak staging. Results We demonstrate that the derived network measures are able to differentiate three clinical stages of AD, CU, MCI, and AD. We also demonstrate that these network measures are strongly correlated with memory performance overall. Unlike regional tau measurements, the tau network measures were significantly associated with AVLT-LTM even in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Stages determined from global efficiency and limbic strength, visually resembled Braak staging. Discussion The strong correlations with memory particularly in CU suggest the proposed technique may be used to characterize subtle early tau accumulation. Further investigation is ongoing to examine this technique in a longitudinal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Protas
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Valentina Ghisays
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Dhruman D. Goradia
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Robert Bauer
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vivek Devadas
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Biostatistical Core, School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Biostatistical Core, School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Biostatistical Core, School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Wang J, Jin C, Zhou J, Zhou R, Tian M, Lee HJ, Zhang H. PET molecular imaging for pathophysiological visualization in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:765-783. [PMID: 36372804 PMCID: PMC9852140 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide. The exact etiology of AD is unclear as yet, and no effective treatments are currently available, making AD a tremendous burden posed on the whole society. As AD is a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, and most biomarkers are dynamic in the course of AD, a range of biomarkers should be established to evaluate the severity and prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers a great opportunity to visualize AD from diverse perspectives by using radiolabeled agents involved in various pathophysiological processes; PET imaging technique helps to explore the pathomechanisms of AD comprehensively and find out the most appropriate biomarker in each AD phase, leading to a better evaluation of the disease. In this review, we discuss the application of PET in the course of AD and summarized radiolabeled compounds with favorable imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Chentao Jin
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Rui Zhou
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Mei Tian
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Hong Zhang
- grid.412465.0Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
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6
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Damuka N, Orr ME, Bansode AH, Krizan I, Miller M, Lee J, Macauley SL, Whitlow CT, Mintz A, Craft S, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary mechanistic insights of a brain-penetrant microtubule imaging PET ligand in a tau-knockout mouse model. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35881263 PMCID: PMC9325934 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubules (MTs) are critical for cell structure, function, and survival. MT instability may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis as evidenced by persistent negative regulation (phosphorylation) of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated tau, not bound to MTs, forms intraneuronal pathology that correlates with dementia and can be tracked using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The contribution of MT instability in AD remains unknown, though it may be more proximal to neuronal dysfunction than tau accumulation. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-based PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and its PET imaging with this ligand in normal rodents and non-human primates demonstrated high brain uptake and excellent pharmacokinetics. Target engagement and mechanism of action using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methods were evaluated here. METHODS In vitro cell uptake assay was performed in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with [11C]MPC-6827, with various MT stabilizing and destabilizing agents. To validate the in vitro results, wild type (WT) mice (n = 4) treated with a brain-penetrant MT stabilizing drug (EpoD) underwent microPET/CT brain imaging with [11C]MPC-6827. To determine the influence of tau protein on radiotracer binding in the absence of protein accumulation, we utilized tau knockout (KO) mice. In vivo microPET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and autoradiography studies were performed in tau KO and WT mice (n = 6/group) with [11C]MPC-6827. Additionally, α, β, and acetylated tubulin levels in both brain samples were determined using commercially available cytoskeleton-based MT kit and capillary electrophoresis immunoblotting assays. RESULTS Cell uptake demonstrated higher radioactive uptake with MT destabilizing agents and lower uptake with stabilizing agents compared to untreated cells. Similarly, acute treatment with EpoD in WT mice decreased [11C]MPC-6827 brain uptake, assessed with microPET/CT imaging. Compared to WT mice, tau KO mice expressed significantly lower β tubulin, which contains the MPC-6827 binding domain, and modestly lower levels of acetylated α tubulin, indicative of unstable MTs. In vivo imaging revealed significantly higher [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in tau KOs than WT, particularly in AD-relevant brain regions known to express high levels of tau. Ex vivo post-PET biodistribution and autoradiography confirmed the in vivo results. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that [11C]MPC-6827 uptake inversely correlates with MT stability and may better reflect the absence of tau than total tubulin levels. Given the radiotracer binding does not require the presence of aggregated tau, we hypothesize that [11C]MPC-6827 may be particularly useful in preclinical stages of AD prior to tau deposition. Our study provides immediate clarity on high uptake of the MT-based radiotracer in AD brains, which directly informs clinical utility in MT/tau-based PET imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jillian Lee
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | | | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
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7
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Newberg AB, Coble R, Khosravi M, Alavi A. Positron Emission Tomography-Based Assessment of Cognitive Impairment and Dementias, Critical Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose in such Settings. PET Clin 2022; 17:479-494. [PMID: 35717103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has been a key component in the diagnostic armamentarium for assessing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer or Parkinson disease. PET imaging has been useful for diagnosing these disorders, identifying their pathophysiology, and following their treatment. Further, PET imaging has been extensively used for both clinical and research purposes, particularly for helping with potential therapeutic approaches for managing neurodegenerative diseases. This article will review the current literature regarding PET imaging in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. This includes an evaluation of the most commonly used tracer fluorodeoxyglucose that measures cerebral glucose metabolism, tracers that assess neurotransmitter systems, and tracers designed to reveal disease-specific pathophysiological processes. With the continuing development of an expanding variety of radiopharmaceuticals, PET imaging will likely play a prominent role in future research and clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Newberg
- Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 789 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 110, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Roger Coble
- Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 789 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 110, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Marcus Institute of Integrative Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 789 East Lancaster Avenue, Suite 110, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Künze G, Kümpfel R, Rullmann M, Barthel H, Brendel M, Patt M, Sabri O. Molecular Simulations Reveal Distinct Energetic and Kinetic Binding Properties of [ 18F]PI-2620 on Tau Filaments from 3R/4R and 4R Tauopathies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2222-2234. [PMID: 35762647 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of tau protein filaments in the brain. On the basis of isoforms with three or four microtubule-binding repeats (3R or 4R) that constitute tau filaments, tauopathies can be divided into 3R, 4R, and 3R/4R tauopathies. [18F]PI-2620 is a tau-positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that detects tau filaments in the 3R/4R tauopathy Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the 4R tauopathies corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with differential binding characteristics. A multiscale simulation workflow, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, metadynamics, and Brownian dynamics, was applied to uncover the molecular basis for the different binding properties of [18F]PI-2620 in these tauopathies. The energetically best binding sites of [18F]PI-2620 in the AD-tau filament are located in the C-shaped groove of the filament core structure that is accessible to the outside. The most favorable binding sites in CBD-tau and PSP-tau filaments are localized to cavities in the inner filament core. Sites on the outer surface have higher binding free energies, and interaction of [18F]PI-2620 at these sites was short-lived in the molecular dynamics simulations. Computationally predicted associated rates of [18F]PI-2620 with the groove sites in the AD-tau filament were higher than association rates with the cavity sites in the CBD- and PSP-tau filaments. The results indicate that tau filaments in AD combine favorable energetic and kinetic properties with regard to tracer binding, while the binding of [18F]PI-2620 to filaments in CBD and PSP is kinetically restricted. Our findings reveal that distinct structural, energetic, and kinetic properties of tau filaments from AD, CBD, and PSP govern their interaction with PET tracers, which highlights the possibility to achieve tau isoform specificity in future tracer developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Künze
- Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richy Kümpfel
- Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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9
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Colca JR, Finck BN. Metabolic Mechanisms Connecting Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Potential Avenues for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:929328. [PMID: 35782864 PMCID: PMC9243557 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.929328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Diseases (PD) are common neurodegenerative disorders growing in incidence and prevalence and for which there are no disease-modifying treatments. While there are considerable complexities in the presentations of these diseases, the histological pictures of these pathologies, as well as several rare genetic predispositions for each, point to the involvement of maladaptive protein processing and inflammation. Importantly, the common presentations of AD and PD are connected to aging and to dysmetabolism, including common co-diagnosis of metabolic syndrome or diabetes. Examination of anti-diabetic therapies in preclinical models and in some observational clinical studies have suggested effectiveness of the first generation insulin sensitizer pioglitazone in both AD and PD. Recently, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) was shown to be a previously unrecognized target of pioglitazone. New insulin sensitizers are in development that can be dosed to full engagement of this previously unappreciated mitochondrial target. Here we review molecular mechanisms that connect modification of pyruvate metabolism with known liabilities of AD and PD. The mechanisms involve modification of autophagy, inflammation, and cell differentiation in various cell types including neurons, glia, macrophages, and endothelium. These observations have implications for the understanding of the general pathology of neurodegeneration and suggest general therapeutic approaches to disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R. Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Ushizima D, Chen Y, Alegro M, Ovando D, Eser R, Lee W, Poon K, Shankar A, Kantamneni N, Satrawada S, Junior EA, Heinsen H, Tosun D, Grinberg LT. Deep learning for Alzheimer's disease: Mapping large-scale histological tau protein for neuroimaging biomarker validation. Neuroimage 2022; 248:118790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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11
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Tsiknia AA, Reas E, Bangen KJ, Sundermann EE, McEvoy L, Brewer JB, Edland SD, Banks SJ. Sex and APOE ε4 modify the effect of cardiovascular risk on tau in cognitively normal older adults. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac035. [PMID: 35233525 PMCID: PMC8882003 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The interaction between APOE ε4 and vascular risk factors on cognitive function is stronger in women than in men. These effects may be mediated by the amount of tau pathology in the brain. Therefore, we examined whether APOE ε4 and sex modify cross-sectional associations between cardiovascular risk and tau deposition in cognitively normal older adults from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We calculated the Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk score for 141 participants (74 women, 47 APOE ε4 carriers) with complete medical history data, processed tau PET data and a Clinical Dementia Rating global score of 0.0 at the time of the tau PET scan, implying no significant cognitive or functional impairment. We used linear regression models to examine the effects of sex, APOE ε4, cardiovascular risk and their interactions on tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal cortex and a composite meta-region of interest of temporal lobe areas. We found a significant three-way interaction among sex, APOE ε4 status, and cardiovascular disease risk on tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07; P =0.008), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.05; P =0.029) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0–0.04; P = 0.042). After stratifying by APOE ε4 status to examine interactions between sex and cardiovascular disease risk on tau in APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers, we found a significant two-way interaction between sex and cardiovascular disease risk on tau in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08; P =0.001), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05; P =0.009) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P =0.008) only among APOE ε4 carriers. In analyses stratified by sex, higher cardiovascular risk scores were associated with higher levels of tau in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08; P =0.002), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.05; P =0.023) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P =0.013) in female APOE ε4 carriers but not in male carriers. Our findings suggest that cognitively normal older women carrying at least one APOE ε4 allele, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cardiovascular disease risk on early tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A. Tsiknia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin E. Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven D. Edland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Karaboğa MNS, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensor approaches on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: Sensing the past to the future. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 209:114479. [PMID: 34861607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of neurodegeneration-oriented diseases that develop with the aging world is essential for improving the patient's living conditions as well as the treatment of the disease. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are prominent examples of neurodegeneration characterized by dementia leading to the death of nerve cells. The clinical diagnosis of these diseases only after the symptoms appear, delays the treatment process. Detection of biomarkers, which are distinctive molecules in biological fluids, involved in neurodegeneration processes, has the potential to allow early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies on biosensors, whose main responsibility is to detect the target analyte with high specificity, has gained momentum in recent years with the aim of high detection of potential biomarkers of neurodegeneration process. This study aims to provide an overview of neuro-biosensors developed on the basis of biomarkers identified in biological fluids for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and to provide an overview of the urgent needs in this field, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis in the general lines of the neurodegeneration pathway. In this review, biosensor systems developed for the detection of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the last 5 years, are discussed.
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13
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Pinky PD, Pfitzer JC, Senfeld J, Hong H, Bhattacharya S, Suppiramaniam V, Qureshi I, Reed MN. Recent Insights on Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584211069897. [PMID: 35073787 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211069897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a critical public health challenge, and there is an urgent need for novel treatment options. Glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, plays a critical role in mediating cognitive and behavioral functions; and clinical symptoms in AD patients are highly correlated with the loss of glutamatergic synapses. In this review, we highlight how dysregulated glutamatergic mechanisms can underpin cognitive and behavioral impairments and contribute to the progression of AD via complex interactions with neuronal and neural network hyperactivity, Aβ, tau, glial dysfunction, and other disease-associated factors. We focus on the tripartite synapse, where glutamatergic neurotransmission occurs, and evidence elucidating how the tripartite synapse can be pathologically altered in AD. We also discuss promising therapeutic approaches that have the potential to rescue these deficits. These emerging data support the development of novel glutamatergic drug candidates as compelling approaches for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jeremiah C Pfitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jared Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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14
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Tsiknia AA, Edland SD, Sundermann EE, Reas ET, Brewer JB, Galasko D, Banks SJ. Sex differences in plasma p-tau181 associations with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4314-4322. [PMID: 35768637 PMCID: PMC9718670 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that women on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum have more pathological tau in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), than men. Some studies have found that higher levels of tau biomarkers are more strongly associated with clinical AD, cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in women than in men. Despite major developments in the use of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) as an AD biomarker, it is unknown whether these sex differences apply to plasma p-tau181. In 1060 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants (47% women, 73.8 ± 7.6 years old), we examined sex differences in plasma p-tau181 levels and their association with other biomarkers, cognitive decline and incident AD. Linear regressions tested for an effect of sex on plasma p-tau181 levels and for plasma p-tau181 × sex interactions on CSF p-tau181, as well as entorhinal cortex tau, cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and brain glucose metabolism, quantified using PET imaging. Linear mixed effects models tested for a sex × baseline plasma p-tau181 interaction on change in cognition over time. Finally, Cox models tested for a sex × plasma p-tau181 interaction on the risk of AD dementia in participants who were free of dementia at baseline. Despite similar plasma p-tau181 levels between sexes, women had lower brain glucose metabolism, greater brain Aβ and entorhinal cortex tau deposition, higher CSF p-tau181 and faster cognitive decline in relation to higher baseline plasma p-tau181 levels compared with men. Among Aβ positive, dementia-free participants, women had higher rates of incident AD dementia associated with increasing baseline plasma p-tau181 levels, relative to men. Our results suggest that sex may impact the clinical interpretation of plasma p-tau181 concentrations. If replicated, these findings could have important implications for the use of plasma p-tau181 as an accessible AD biomarker and screening tool for preventive and therapeutic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A. Tsiknia
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Steven D. Edland
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Erin E. Sundermann
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Emilie T. Reas
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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15
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Eduarda Schneider M, Guillade L, Correa-Duarte MA, Moreira FT. Development of a biosensor for Phosphorylated Tau 181 Protein detection in Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Ezura M, Kikuchi A, Okamura N, Ishiki A, Hasegawa T, Harada R, Watanuki S, Funaki Y, Hiraoka K, Baba T, Sugeno N, Yoshida S, Kobayashi J, Kobayashi M, Tano O, Ishiyama S, Nakamura T, Nakashima I, Mugikura S, Iwata R, Taki Y, Furukawa K, Arai H, Furumoto S, Tashiro M, Yanai K, Kudo Y, Takeda A, Aoki M. 18F-THK5351 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:761010. [PMID: 34912209 PMCID: PMC8668184 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.761010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to determine whether in vivo tau deposits and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) detection using 18F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) can assist in the differential distribution in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether 18F-THK5351 retention of lesion sites in CBS and PSP can correlate with clinical parameters. Methods: 18F-THK5351 PET was performed in 35 participants, including 7, 9, and 10 patients with CBS, PSP, and AD, respectively, and 9 age-matched normal controls. In CBS and PSP, cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, and Frontal Assessment Battery, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Motor Score, and PSP Rating Scale. Results: 18F-THK5351 retention was observed in sites susceptible to disease-related pathologies in CBS, PSP, and AD. 18F-THK5351 uptake in the precentral gyrus clearly differentiated patients with CBS from those with PSP and AD. Furthermore, 18F-THK5351 uptake in the inferior temporal gyrus clearly differentiated patients with AD from those with CBS and PSP. Regional 18F-THK5351 retention was associated with the cognitive function in CBS and PSP. Conclusion: Measurement of the tau deposits and MAO-B density in the brain using 18F-THK5351 may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of tauopathies and for understanding disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Ezura
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Ishiki
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Community of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichi Watanuki
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Funaki
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hiraoka
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Sugeno
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Yoshida
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junpei Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ohito Tano
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunji Mugikura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Community of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Fedorova NV, Bril EV, Kulua TK, Mikhaylova AD. [Progressive supranuclear palsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:111-119. [PMID: 34184486 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by onset after 50 years old, Parkinson's syndrome, early development of postural instability, absence or transient reaction to levodopa drugs, neuropsychological disorders, dysphagia and dysarthria and eye movement disorders. The review provides an analysis of modern data on etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis of the disease. The morphological picture and neuroimaging features, as well as modern ideas about treatment, are described. A great clinical polymorphism of the disease, as well as its similarity to other neurodegenerative diseases, manifested by Parkinson's syndrome, complicates the diagnosis of PSP. Establishing an accurate diagnosis makes it possible to determine the prognosis and further tactics of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Fedorova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Bril
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.,Russian State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - T K Kulua
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Mikhaylova
- Russian State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Broce IJ, Castruita PA, Yokoyama JS. Moving Toward Patient-Tailored Treatment in ALS and FTD: The Potential of Genomic Assessment as a Tool for Biological Discovery and Trial Recruitment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:639078. [PMID: 33732107 PMCID: PMC7956998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.639078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two devastating and intertwined neurodegenerative diseases. Historically, ALS and FTD were considered distinct disorders given differences in presenting clinical symptoms, disease duration, and predicted risk of developing each disease. However, research over recent years has highlighted the considerable clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap of ALS and FTD, and these two syndromes are now thought to represent different manifestations of the same neuropathological disease spectrum. In this review, we discuss the need to shift our focus from studying ALS and FTD in isolation to identifying the biological mechanisms that drive these diseases-both common and distinct-to improve treatment discovery and therapeutic development success. We also emphasize the importance of genomic data to facilitate a "precision medicine" approach for treating ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J. Broce
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Patricia A. Castruita
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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19
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Frey KA. Molecular Imaging of Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders With Dementia: The 4R Tauopathies. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 51:275-285. [PMID: 33431202 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two pathologically distinct neurodegenerative conditions, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, share in common deposits of tau proteins that differ both molecularly and ultrastructurally from the common tau deposits diagnostic of Alzheimer disease. The proteinopathy in these disorders is characterized by fibrillary aggregates of 4R tau proteins. The clinical presentations of progressive supranuclear palsy and of corticobasal degeneration are often confused with more common disorders such as Parkinson disease or subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neither of these 4R tau disorders has effective therapy, and while there are emerging molecular imaging approaches to identify patients earlier in the course of disease, there are as yet no reliably sensitive and specific approaches to diagnoses in life. In this review, aspects of the clinical syndromes, neuropathology, and molecular biomarker imaging studies applicable to progressive supranuclear palsy and to corticobasal degeneration will be presented. Future development of more accurate molecular imaging approaches is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Frey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.
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20
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Drzezga A, Bischof GN, Giehl K, van Eimeren T. PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Kong Y, Xie K, Qiao H, Cui Y, Jing D, Wang Y, Li X, Wu L. Case Report: [ 18F]PI2620 as a Tau Imaging Agent in Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:566667. [PMID: 33363503 PMCID: PMC7753187 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.566667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is widely considered as an atypical variant of Alzheimer disease and is characterized by a progressive decline in visual function. PCA has been investigated from the standpoints of brain structure and metabolism, but tau deposition and its relationship to disease severity still remain unclear. Here, we used a novel tau ligand, [18F]PI2620, to visualize tau deposition in a PCA patient. The results showed that high [18F]PI2620 uptake in posterior cortical regions was associated with clinical manifestations, morphologic changes in the brain observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hypometabolism detected by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This is the first report demonstrating a clinical anatomical correspondence between [18F]PI2620 PET results, clinical manifestations, MRI, and [18F]FDG PET findings in a Chinese patient with PCA. The results also support the utility of [18F]PI2620 for visualizing tau aggregation in PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Jing
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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A critical review of radiotracers in the positron emission tomography imaging of traumatic brain injury: FDG, tau, and amyloid imaging in mild traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:623-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Silva MC, Haggarty SJ. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived models and drug screening in CNS precision medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1471:18-56. [PMID: 30875083 PMCID: PMC8193821 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for neurological disorders has historically been challenging partly because of lack of accurate model systems in which to investigate disease etiology and test new therapeutics at the preclinical stage. Human stem cells, particularly patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon differentiation, have the ability to recapitulate aspects of disease pathophysiology and are increasingly recognized as robust scalable systems for drug discovery. We review advances in deriving cellular models of human central nervous system (CNS) disorders using iPSCs along with strategies for investigating disease-relevant phenotypes, translatable biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Given their potential to identify novel therapeutic targets and leads, we focus on phenotype-based, small-molecule screens employing human stem cell-derived models. Integrated efforts to assemble patient iPSC-derived cell models with deeply annotated clinicopathological data, along with molecular and drug-response signatures, may aid in the stratification of patients, diagnostics, and clinical trial success, shifting translational science and precision medicine approaches. A number of remaining challenges, including the optimization of cost-effective, large-scale culture of iPSC-derived cell types, incorporation of aging into neuronal models, as well as robustness and automation of phenotypic assays to support quantitative drug efficacy, toxicity, and metabolism testing workflows, are covered. Continued advancement of the field is expected to help fully humanize the process of CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
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Sonuç Karaboga MN, Sezgintürk MK. Analysis of Tau-441 protein in clinical samples using rGO/AuNP nanocomposite-supported disposable impedimetric neuro-biosensing platform: Towards Alzheimer's disease detection. Talanta 2020; 219:121257. [PMID: 32887148 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in isoforms of Tau protein, which are critical for microtubule functioning, are accepted as being responsible for diseases characterized by dementia, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this comprehensive study, a single-use neuro-biosensing probe for the determination of Tau-441 protein was developed by utilizing the power of nanocomposites consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The nanocomposite surface (rGO-AuNP) was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) act as covalent anchorer to increase the sensitivity of the assay. Surface coverage value and pinhole ratio were calculated using EIS data. Kramers-kronig data, which helps to interpret instrumental errors, are also calculated. The immunoreaction of Tau-441 with anti-Tau was monitored simultaneously with Single Frequency Impedance (SFI). The changes in surface morphology were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The designed immunosensor showed a linear response within the concentration range of 1-500 pg/mL for the target analyte Tau-441 and the limit of detection was found to be 0.091 pg/mL. The promising point of the study is that this neuro-biosensor system can capture the Tau-441 target protein in both serum fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with recoveries ranging from 96% to 108%.
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25
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Czernin J, Sonni I, Razmaria A, Calais J. The Future of Nuclear Medicine as an Independent Specialty. J Nucl Med 2020; 60:3S-12S. [PMID: 31481589 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we provide an overview of established and emerging conventional nuclear medicine and PET imaging biomarkers, as the diagnostic nuclear medicine portfolio is rapidly expanding. Next, we review briefly nuclear theranostic approaches that have already entered or are about to enter clinical routine. Using some approximations and taking into account emerging applications, we also provide some simplified business forecasts for nuclear theranostics. We argue that an optimistic outlook by the nuclear medicine community is crucial to the growth of the specialty and emphasize the urgent need for training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ida Sonni
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aria Razmaria
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Wurm R, Klotz S, Rahimi J, Katzenschlager R, Lindeck-Pozza E, Regelsberger G, Danics K, Kapas I, Bíró ZA, Stögmann E, Gelpi E, Kovacs GG. Argyrophilic grain disease in individuals younger than 75 years: clinical variability in an under-recognized limbic tauopathy. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1856-1866. [PMID: 32402145 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a limbic-predominant 4R-tauopathy. AGD is thought to be an age-related disorder and is frequently detected as a concomitant pathology with other neurodegenerative conditions. There is a paucity of data on the clinical phenotype of pure AGD. In elderly patients, however, AGD pathology frequently associates with cognitive decline, personality changes, urine incontinence and cachexia. In this study, clinicopathological findings were analysed in individuals younger than 75. METHODS Patients were identified retrospectively based on neuropathological examinations during 2006-2017 and selected when AGD was the primary and dominant pathological finding. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively through medical records. RESULTS In all, 55 patients (2% of all examinations performed during that period) with AGD were identified. In seven cases (13%) AGD was the primary neuropathological diagnosis without significant concomitant pathologies. Two patients were female, median age at the time of death was 64 years (range 51-74) and the median duration of disease was 3 months (range 0.5-36). The most frequent symptoms were progressive cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, seizures and psychiatric symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed mild temporal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Argyrophilic grain disease is a rarely recognized limbic tauopathy in younger individuals. Widening the clinicopathological spectrum of tauopathies may allow identification of further patients who could benefit from tau-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wurm
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Klotz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Rahimi
- Department of Neurology and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Katzenschlager
- Department of Neurology and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Danube Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Lindeck-Pozza
- Department of Neurology, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Süd Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Regelsberger
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Danics
- Neuropathology and Prion Disease Reference Center, Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Kapas
- Neurology and Stroke Department, Szt. Janos Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z A Bíró
- Department of Neurology, Pest County Flor Ferenc Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary
| | - E Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Gelpi
- Department of Neurology, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Süd Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital, Vienna, Austria
| | - G G Kovacs
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Lu S, Haskali MB, Ruley KM, Dreyfus NJF, DuBois SL, Paul S, Liow JS, Morse CL, Kowalski A, Gladding RL, Gilmore J, Mogg AJ, Morin SM, Lindsay-Scott PJ, Ruble JC, Kant NA, Shcherbinin S, Barth VN, Johnson MP, Cuadrado M, Jambrina E, Mannes AJ, Nuthall HN, Zoghbi SS, Jesudason CD, Innis RB, Pike VW. PET ligands [ 18F]LSN3316612 and [ 11C]LSN3316612 quantify O-linked-β- N-acetyl-glucosamine hydrolase in the brain. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaau2939. [PMID: 32404505 PMCID: PMC8494060 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to develop effective radioligands for quantifying brain O-linked-β-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) hydrolase (OGA) using positron emission tomography in living subjects as tools for evaluating drug target engagement. Posttranslational modifications of tau, a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, by O-GlcNAc through the enzyme pair OGA and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are inversely related to the amounts of its insoluble hyperphosphorylated form. Increase in tau O-GlcNAcylation by OGA inhibition is believed to reduce tau aggregation. LSN3316612, a highly selective and potent OGA ligand [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.9 nM], emerged as a lead ligand after in silico analysis and in vitro evaluations. [3H]LSN3316612 imaged and quantified OGA in postmortem brains of rat, monkey, and human. The presence of fluorine and carbonyl functionality in LSN3316612 enabled labeling with positron-emitting fluorine-18 or carbon-11. Both [18F]LSN3316612 and [11C]LSN3316612 bound reversibly to OGA in vivo, and such binding was blocked by pharmacological doses of thiamet G, an OGA inhibitor of different chemotype, in monkeys. [18F]LSN3316612 entered healthy human brain avidly (~4 SUV) without radiodefluorination or adverse effect from other radiometabolites, as evidenced by stable brain total volume of distribution (VT) values by 110 min of scanning. Overall, [18F]LSN3316612 is preferred over [11C]LSN3316612 for future human studies, whereas either may be an effective positron emission tomography radioligand for quantifying brain OGA in rodent and monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Soumen Paul
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Aneta Kowalski
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Cuadrado
- Lilly, S. A. Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Jambrina
- Lilly, S. A. Avenida de la Industria 30, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1510, USA
| | | | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | | | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA.
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28
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Kuang G, Murugan NA, Zhou Y, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Computational Insight into the Binding Profile of the Second-Generation PET Tracer PI2620 with Tau Fibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:900-908. [PMID: 32069017 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is an important pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of other neurodegenerative disorders. A noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that quantifies neurofibrillary tangles in vivo can enhance the clinical diagnosis of AD and can also be used to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics aimed at reducing the abnormal aggregation of the tau fibril in the brain. In this paper, we study the binding profile of fibrillar tau aggregates with a PET tracer PI2620, which is a new second generation tau PET tracer that is presently experimentally and clinically studied. The target structure for the tau fibril is based on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure. A multiscale simulation workflow including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, metadynamics simulation, and free energy calculations was implemented. We find that PI2620 can bind to eight surface binding sites, three core binding sites, and one entry site. The binding at the core sites and entry site is found to be much more favorable than that on the surface sites due to stronger hydrophobic interactions and less solvent exposure. Furthermore, the entry site which is formed by the terminal β-sheets of the fibril is found to have the highest binding affinity to PI2620. Importantly, the binding capacity at the entry site can be much higher than that at other core sites, due to its easy accessibility. Therefore, the entry site is believed to be the major binding site for PI2620. A previous computational study on tracers with tau fibrils reports a maximum of four binding sites. Through use of methods that allow us to locate "cryptic binding sites", we report here additional core sites available for binding and we address the limitation of using the cryo-EM structure alone for structure-based tracer design. Our results could be helpful for elucidating the binding mechanism of imaging tracers with the fibrillar form of tau, a knowledge that in turn can be used to guide the development of compounds with higher affinity and selectivity for tau using structure-based design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Kuang
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - N. Arul Murugan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Aging Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Abstract
Objectives: Recently, new criteria for sensitive and specific clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have been addressed while distinct clinical phenotypes of the disorder have been increasingly described in the literature. This study aimed to describe past and present aspects of the disease as well as to highlight the cognitive and behavioral profile of PSP patients in relation to the underlying pathology, genetics and treatment procedures.Methods: A Medline and Scopus search was performed to identify articles published on this topic. Articles published solely in English were considered.Results: The most common clinical characteristics of PSP included early postural instability and falls, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa and pseudobulbar palsy. Frontal dysfunction and verbal fluency deficits were the most distinct cognitive impairments in PSP while memory, visuospatial and social cognition could also be affected. Apathy and impulsivity were also present in PSP patients and had significant impact on relatives and caregivers.Conclusions: PSP is a neurodegenerative disorder with prominent tau neuropathology. Movement, motivation and communication impairments in patients with PSP may limit participation in everyday living activities. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments are of significant importance for PSP cognitive evaluation. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches could be applied in order to relieve patients and improve quality of life.Clinical Implications: Executive dysfunction is the most notable cognitive impairment and dominates the neuropsychological profile of patients with PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kleopatra H Schulpis
- Institute of Child Health, Research Center, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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30
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Sparks P, Lawrence T, Hinze S. Neuroimaging in the Diagnosis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30 Suppl 1:S1-S10. [PMID: 32132472 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repeated subconcussive and concussive head injury. Clinical features include cognitive, behavioral, mood, and motor impairments. Definitive diagnosis is only possible at postmortem. Here, the utility of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of CTE is evaluated by systematically reviewing recent evidence for changes in neuroimaging biomarkers in suspected cases of CTE compared with controls. DATA SOURCES Providing an update on a previous systematic review of articles published until December 2014, we searched for articles published between December 2014 and July 2016. We searched PubMed for studies assessing neuroimaging changes in symptomatic suspected cases of CTE with a history of repeated subconcussive or concussive head injury or participation in contact sports involving direct impact to the head. Exclusion criteria were case studies, review articles, and articles focusing on repetitive head trauma from military service, head banging, epilepsy, physical abuse, or animal models. MAIN RESULTS Seven articles met the review criteria, almost all of which studied professional athletes. The range of modalities were categorized into structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, and radionuclide studies. Biomarkers which differed significantly between suspected CTE and controls were Evans index (P = 0.05), cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) rate (P < 0.0006), length (P < 0.03) and ratio of CSP length to septum length (P < 0.03), regional differences in axial diffusivity (P < 0.05) and free/intracellular water fractions (P < 0.005), single-photon emission computed tomography perfusion abnormalities (P < 0.01), positron emission tomography (PET) signals from tau-binding, glucose-binding, and GABA receptor-binding radionuclides (P < 0.0001, P < 0.005, and P < 0.005, respectively). Important limitations include low specificity in identification of suspected cases of CTE across studies, the need for postmortem validation, and a lack of generalizability to nonprofessional athletes. CONCLUSIONS The most promising biomarker is tau-binding radionuclide PET signal because it is most specific to the underlying neuropathology and differentiated CTE from both controls and patients with Alzheimer disease (P < 0.0001). Multimodal imaging will improve specificity further. Future research should minimize variability in identification of suspected cases of CTE using published clinical criteria.
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31
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Smith R, Wibom M, Pawlik D, Englund E, Hansson O. Correlation of In Vivo [18F]Flortaucipir With Postmortem Alzheimer Disease Tau Pathology. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:310-317. [PMID: 30508025 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance In Alzheimer disease (AD), tau filaments form neuronal inclusions in neurites (neuropil threads) and in somata (neurofibrillary tangles), and neurite tau pathology constitutes the most common pathology. Positron emission tomography (PET) ligands have been developed to detect in vivo tau pathology in AD. However, the association of AD tau pathology post mortem with in vivo tau PET retention has not been established. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the associations of tau PET with postmortem tau pathology in AD. Objective To study the association of regional in vivo retention of the tau PET ligand [18F]flortaucipir (previously known as AV1451) with the density of tau neuropathology in the corresponding brain regions in a patient with AD. Design, Setting, and Participants The patient was a man in his 40s with AD caused by a PSEN1 mutation. Between May 2015 and December 2016, he underwent 2 [18F]flortaucipir PET scans at Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Postmortem analysis was performed 12 months after the last PET scan. Tau pathology was assessed using phosphorylated tau (AT8) immunohistochemistry and Gallyas silver staining. In addition to the regional total tau pathology burden, the density of tau-positive neurites and intrasomal tau tangles were quantified using a stereology-based method. Further, β-amyloid-containing plaques were detected using 4G8 immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed between January 2018 and August 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Regional standardized uptake value ratios of [18F]flortaucipir were compared with the amount of tau pathology in the corresponding brain areas. Results In this patient, the clinical disease symptoms progressed rapidly in life, paralleled with an annual increase of tau PET retention of 20% to 40% in many cortical regions. Compared with postmortem immunohistochemistry, regional in vivo uptake of [18F]flortaucipir was correlated with the density of tau-positive neurites (AT8: rs = 0.87; P < .001; Gallyas: rs = 0.92; P < .001), intrasomal tau tangles (AT8: rs = 0.65; P = .01; Gallyas: rs = 0.84; P < .001), and total tau burden (AT8: rs = 0.84; P < .001; Gallyas: rs = 0.82; P < .001). No correlations between [18F]flortaucipir and β-amyloid pathology were found. Conclusions and Relevance These results indicate that [18F]flortaucipir PET retention is a robust in vivo measure of the total AD tau burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Smith
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Moa Wibom
- Department of Cognitive Medicine, Ängelholm Hospital, Ängelholm, Sweden
| | - Daria Pawlik
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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32
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Buckley RF, Mormino EC, Rabin JS, Hohman TJ, Landau S, Hanseeuw BJ, Jacobs HIL, Papp KV, Amariglio RE, Properzi MJ, Schultz AP, Kirn D, Scott MR, Hedden T, Farrell M, Price J, Chhatwal J, Rentz DM, Villemagne VL, Johnson KA, Sperling RA. Sex Differences in the Association of Global Amyloid and Regional Tau Deposition Measured by Positron Emission Tomography in Clinically Normal Older Adults. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:542-551. [PMID: 30715078 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Mounting evidence suggests that sex differences exist in the pathologic trajectory of Alzheimer disease. Previous literature shows elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau in women compared with men as a function of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and β-amyloid (Aβ). What remains unclear is the association of sex with regional tau deposition in clinically normal individuals. Objective To examine sex differences in the cross-sectional association between Aβ and regional tau deposition as measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Design, Setting and Participants This is a study of 2 cross-sectional, convenience-sampled cohorts of clinically normal individuals who received tau and Aβ PET scans. Data were collected between January 2016 and February 2018 from 193 clinically normal individuals from the Harvard Aging Brain Study (age range, 55-92 years; 118 women [61%]) who underwent carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B and flortaucipir F18 PET and 103 clinically normal individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (age range, 63-94 years; 55 women [51%]) who underwent florbetapir and flortaucipir F 18 PET. Main Outcomes and Measures A main association of sex with regional tau in the entorhinal cortices, inferior temporal lobe, and a meta-region of interest, which was a composite of regions in the temporal lobe. Associations between sex and global Aβ as well as sex and APOE ε4 on these regions after controlling for age were also examined. Results The mean (SD) age of all individuals was 74.2 (7.6) years (81 APOE ε4 carriers [31%]; 89 individuals [30%] with high Aβ). There was no clear association of sex with regional tau that was replicated across studies. However, in both cohorts, clinically normal women exhibited higher entorhinal cortical tau than men (meta-analytic estimate: β [male] = -0.11 [0.05]; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.02; P = .02), which was associated with individuals with higher Aβ burden. A sex by APOE ε4 interaction was not associated with regional tau (meta-analytic estimate: β [male, APOE ε4+] = -0.15 [0.09]; 95% CI, -0.32 to 0.01; P = .07). Conclusions and Relevance Early tau deposition was elevated in women compared with men in individuals on the Alzheimer disease trajectory. These findings lend support to a growing body of literature that highlights a biological underpinning for sex differences in Alzheimer disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dylan Kirn
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R Scott
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Trey Hedden
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Michelle Farrell
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Julie Price
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Sun X, Liang S, Fu L, Zhang X, Feng T, Li P, Zhang T, Wang L, Yin X, Zhang W, Hu Y, Liu H, Zhao S, Nie B, Xu B, Shan B. A human brain tau PET template in MNI space for the voxel-wise analysis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 328:108438. [PMID: 31542346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques of tau retention in the human brain are important for mechanistic studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the method for effectively conducting voxel-wise analysis on tau PET images still needs to be improved. In the present study, we introduced a tau PET template for the human brain in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space for the convenient and reliable voxel-wise analysis of tau PET images in AD studies. NEW METHOD Twenty-four AD patients and 22 controls were used to construct the tau PET template, and an additional 22 subjects (11 AD patients and 11 controls) were enrolled to evaluate the performance of the template. Thirty regions (28 cortical and 2 subcortical regions) throughout the brain were used to evaluate the accuracy of the tau PET template. RESULTS A significant relationship (R2 = 0.848, P < 0.001) was found between the standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) obtained by the tau PET template and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-aided approach, and the paired-sample t-test showed no significant difference (P = 0.62) between the values. These two approaches revealed consistent brain regions with high tau retention. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The tau PET template was comparable with the traditional MRI-aided strategy. Furthermore, compared to the MRI-aided approach, the tau PET template was more convenient and easier to use. More importantly, in most clinical settings, AD patients who underwent PET/computed tomography (CT) typically do not have MR images, in which case the traditional MRI-aided approach would not be applicable. Our tau PET template overcame this deficiency and may serve as a useful tool in AD research. CONCLUSIONS This tau PET template performed well and may serve as a useful tool in future AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Feng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Panlong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yichao Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Information Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Baixuan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Baoci Shan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Gossye H, Van Broeckhoven C, Engelborghs S. The Use of Biomarkers and Genetic Screening to Diagnose Frontotemporal Dementia: Evidence and Clinical Implications. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:757. [PMID: 31447625 PMCID: PMC6691066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the wide range of neurodegenerative brain diseases, the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) frequently poses a challenge. Often, signs and symptoms are not characteristic of the disease and may instead reflect atypical presentations. Consequently, the use of disease biomarkers is of importance to correctly identify the patients. Here, we describe how neuropsychological characteristics, neuroimaging and neurochemical biomarkers and screening for causal gene mutations can be used to differentiate FTD from other neurodegenerative diseases as well as to distinguish between FTD subtypes. Summarizing current evidence, we propose a stepwise approach in the diagnostic evaluation. Clinical consensus criteria that take into account a full neuropsychological examination have relatively good accuracy (sensitivity [se] 75–95%, specificity [sp] 82–95%) to diagnose FTD, although misdiagnosis (mostly AD) is common. Structural brain MRI (se 70–94%, sp 89–99%) and FDG PET (se 47–90%, sp 68–98%) or SPECT (se 36–100%, sp 41–100%) brain scans greatly increase diagnostic accuracy, showing greater involvement of frontal and anterior temporal lobes, with sparing of hippocampi and medial temporal lobes. If these results are inconclusive, we suggest detecting amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that can indicate the presence of AD with good accuracy (se 74–100%, sp 82–97%). The use of P-tau181 and the Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio significantly increases the accuracy of correctly identifying FTD vs. AD. Alternatively, an amyloid brain PET scan can be performed to differentiate FTD from AD. When autosomal dominant inheritance is suspected, or in early onset dementia, mutation screening of causal genes is indicated and may also be offered to at-risk family members. We have summarized genotype–phenotype correlations for several genes that are known to cause familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration, which is the neuropathological substrate of FTD. The genes most commonly associated with this disease (C9orf72, MAPT, GRN, TBK1) are discussed, as well as some less frequent ones (CHMP2B, VCP). Several other techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, tau PET imaging and measuring serum neurofilament levels, show promise for future implementation as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gossye
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born - Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhao Q, Liu M, Ha L, Zhou Y. Quantitative 18F-AV1451 Brain Tau PET Imaging in Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2019; 10:486. [PMID: 31156534 PMCID: PMC6530456 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments of tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allows assessment of regional neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition in human brain. Among the tau PET molecular probes, 18F-AV1451 is characterized by high selectivity for pathologic tau aggregates over amyloid plaques, limited non-specific binding in white and gray matter, and confined off-target binding. The objectives of the study are (1) to quantitatively characterize regional brain tau deposition measured by 18F-AV1451 PET in cognitively normal older adults (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants; (2) to evaluate the correlations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and 18F-AV1451 PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR); and (3) to evaluate the partial volume effects on 18F-AV1451 brain uptake. Methods: The study included total 115 participants (CN = 49, MCI = 58, and AD = 8) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Preprocessed 18F-AV1451 PET images, structural MRIs, and demographic and clinical assessments were downloaded from the ADNI database. A reblurred Van Cittertiteration method was used for voxelwise partial volume correction (PVC) on PET images. Structural MRIs were used for PET spatial normalization and region of interest (ROI) definition in standard space. The parametric images of 18F-AV1451 SUVR relative to cerebellum were calculated. The ROI SUVR measurements from PVC and non-PVC SUVR images were compared. The correlation between ROI 18F-AV1451 SUVR and the measurements of MMSE, CSF total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were also assessed. Results:18F-AV1451 prominently specific binding was found in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, fusiform, posterior cingulate, temporal, parietal, and frontal brain regions. Most regional SUVRs showed significantly higher uptake of 18F-AV1451 in AD than MCI and CN participants. SUVRs of small regions like amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus were statistically improved by PVC in all groups (p < 0.01). Although there was an increasing tendency of 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs in MCI group compared with CN group, no significant difference of 18F-AV1451 deposition was found between CN and MCI brains with or without PVC (p > 0.05). Declined MMSE score was observed with increasing 18F-AV1451 binding in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, and fusiform. CSF p-tau was positively correlated with 18F-AV1451 deposition. PVC improved the results of 18F-AV-1451 tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions. Conclusion: The typical deposition of 18F-AV1451 tau PET imaging in AD brain was found in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, fusiform and parahippocampus, and these regions were strongly associated with cognitive impairment and CSF biomarkers. Although more deposition was observed in MCI group, the 18F-AV-1451 PET imaging could not differentiate the MCI patients from CN population. More tau deposition related to decreased MMSE score and increased level of CSF p-tau, especially in ROIs of amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus. PVC did improve the results of tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions and suggest to be routinely used in 18F-AV1451 tau PET quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Min Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxia Ha
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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36
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Smith R, Santillo AF, Waldö ML, Strandberg O, Berron D, Vestberg S, van Westen D, van Swieten J, Honer M, Hansson O. 18F-Flortaucipir in TDP-43 associated frontotemporal dementia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6082. [PMID: 30988363 PMCID: PMC6465310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retention of 18F-Flortaucipir is reportedly increased in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), which is dominated by TDP-43 pathology. However, it is unclear if 18F-Flortaucipir is also increased in other TDP-43 diseases, such as bvFTD caused by a C9orf72 gene mutation. We therefore recruited six C9orf72 expansion carriers, six svPPA patients, and 54 healthy controls. All underwent 18F-Flortaucipir PET and MRI scanning. Data from 39 Alzheimer’s Disease patients were used for comparison. PET tracer retention was assessed both at the region-of-interest (ROI) and at the voxel-level. Further, autoradiography using 3H-Flortaucipir was performed. SvPPA patients exhibited higher 18F-Flortaucipir retention in the lateral temporal cortex bilaterally according to ROI- and voxel-based analyses. In C9orf72 patients, 18F-Flortaucipir binding was slightly increased in the inferior frontal lobes in the ROI based analysis, but these results were not replicated in the voxel-based analysis. Autoradiography did not show specific binding in svPPA cases or in C9orf72-mutation carriers. In conclusion, temporal lobe 18F-Flortaucipir retention was observed in some cases of svPPA, but the uptake was of a lower magnitude compared to AD dementia. C9orf72-mutation carriers exhibited none or limited 18F-Flortaucipir retention, indicating that 18F-Flortaucipir binding in TDP-43 proteinopathies is not a general TDP-43 related phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A F Santillo
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Landqvist Waldö
- Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Berron
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Vestberg
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D van Westen
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Honer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Translational Technologies, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - O Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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37
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Lois C, Gonzalez I, Johnson KA, Price JC. PET imaging of tau protein targets: a methodology perspective. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:333-344. [PMID: 29497982 PMCID: PMC6119534 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid-[Formula: see text] plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. Fifteen years ago, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with Pittsburgh Compound B (11C-PiB) enabled selective in-vivo visualization of amyloid-[Formula: see text] plaque deposits and has since provided valuable information about the role of amyloid-[Formula: see text] deposition in AD. The progression of tau deposition has been shown to be highly associated with neuronal loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Until recently it was not possible to visualize tau deposition in-vivo, but several tau PET tracers are now available in different stages of clinical development. To date, no tau tracer has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the evaluation of AD or other tauopathies, despite very active research efforts. In this paper we review the recent developments in tau PET imaging with a focus on in-vivo findings in AD and discuss the challenges associated with tau tracer development, the status of development and validation of different tau tracers, and the clinical information these provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lois
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ivan Gonzalez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Fanni AM, Monge FA, Lin CY, Thapa A, Bhaskar K, Whitten DG, Chi EY. High Selectivity and Sensitivity of Oligomeric p-Phenylene Ethynylenes for Detecting Fibrillar and Prefibrillar Amyloid Protein Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1813-1825. [PMID: 30657326 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid proteins into fibrillar aggregates is a central pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Currently, there is a lack of reliable sensors for detecting the range of protein aggregates involved in disease etiology, particularly the prefibrillar aggregate conformations that are more neurotoxic. In this study, the fluorescent sensing of two novel oligomeric p-phenylene ethynylenes (OPEs), anionic OPE1- and cationic OPE2+, for detecting prefibrillar and fibrillar aggregates of AD-associated amyloid-β (Aβ40 and Aβ42) and PD-associated α-synuclein proteins (wildtype, and single mutants A30P, E35K, and A53T) over their monomeric counterparts, were tested. Furthermore, the performance of OPEs was evaluated and compared to thioflavin T (ThT), the most widely used fibril dye. Our results show that OPE1- and OPE2+ exhibited aggregate-specific binding inducing large fluorescence turn-on and spectral shifts based on a combination of backbone planarization, hydrophobic unquenching, and superluminescent OPE complex formation sensing modes. OPEs exhibited higher selectivity, higher binding affinity, and comparable limits of detection for Aβ40 fibrils compared to ThT. OPE2+ exhibited the largest fluorescence turn-on and highest sensitivity. Significantly, OPEs detected prefibrillar aggregates of Aβ42 and α-synuclein that ThT failed to detect. The superior sensing performance, the nonprotein specific detection, and the ability to selectively detect fibrillar and prefibrillar amyloid protein aggregates point to the potential of OPEs to overcome the limitations of existing probes and promise significant advancement in the detection of the myriad of protein aggregates involved in the early stages of AD and PD.
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Rankovic M, Zweckstetter M. Upregulated levels and pathological aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated Tau-protein in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Winsky-Sommerer R, de Oliveira P, Loomis S, Wafford K, Dijk DJ, Gilmour G. Disturbances of sleep quality, timing and structure and their relationship with other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: Insights from studies in patient populations and animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:112-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tan CC, Zhang XY, Tan L, Yu JT. Tauopathies: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:487-508. [PMID: 29278892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are morphologically, biochemically, and clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases defined by the accumulation of abnormal tau proteins in the brain. There is no effective method to prevent and reverse the tauopathies, but this gloomy picture has been changed by recent research advances. Evidences from genetic studies, experimental animal models, and molecular and cell biology have shed light on the main mechanisms of the diseases. The development of radiology and biochemistry, especially the development of PET imaging, will provide important biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Given the central role of tau in tauopathies, many treatments have constantly emerged, including targeting phosphorylation, targeting aggregation, increasing microtubule stabilization, tau immunization, clearance of tau, anti-inflammatory treatment, and other therapeutics. There is still a long way to go before we obtain drug therapy targeted at multifactor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Demaegd K, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F. Transcellular Spreading of Tau in Tauopathies. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2424-2432. [PMID: 30133080 PMCID: PMC6391987 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tau, a microtubule-associated protein playing a key role in a group of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, spreads throughout the brain, inducing pathology. A model akin to the spreading of prions has been raised owing to similar characteristics of inducing an abnormal protein conformation as a method of self-amplification, spreading protein aggregates over anatomically linked pathways. The search to identify the "seeds" that induce conformational change has received much attention; however, less is known about the mechanisms by which tau is transmitted from cell to cell, so-called "transcellular spreading". In this review, we gather evidence regarding the spreading of tau throughout the brain and provide an overview of methods by which tau can be released from neurons as well as taken up. Furthermore, we bring together mechanisms of neurotoxicity behind tau spreading. Advancing our understanding about the spreading of tau can guide the search for therapeutic options for multiple neurodegenerative diseases aggregating tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Demaegd
- Switch LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKULeuvenHerestraat 49Box 802Room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
- Switch LaboratoryVIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchHerestraat 49, box 802, room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKULeuvenHerestraat 49Box 802Room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
- Switch LaboratoryVIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchHerestraat 49, box 802, room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKULeuvenHerestraat 49Box 802Room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
- Switch LaboratoryVIB Center for Brain and Disease ResearchHerestraat 49, box 802, room 08.6833000LeuvenBelgium
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Lanskey JH, McColgan P, Schrag AE, Acosta-Cabronero J, Rees G, Morris HR, Weil RS. Can neuroimaging predict dementia in Parkinson's disease? Brain 2018; 141:2545-2560. [PMID: 30137209 PMCID: PMC6113860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia in Parkinson's disease affects 50% of patients within 10 years of diagnosis but there is wide variation in severity and timing. Thus, robust neuroimaging prediction of cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease is important: (i) to identify at-risk individuals for clinical trials of potential new treatments; (ii) to provide reliable prognostic information for individuals and populations; and (iii) to shed light on the pathophysiological processes underpinning Parkinson's disease dementia. To date, neuroimaging has not made major contributions to predicting cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease. This is perhaps unsurprising considering conventional methods rely on macroscopic measures of topographically distributed neurodegeneration, a relatively late event in Parkinson's dementia. However, new technologies are now emerging that could provide important insights through detection of other potentially relevant processes. For example, novel MRI approaches can quantify magnetic susceptibility as a surrogate for tissue iron content, and increasingly powerful mathematical approaches can characterize the topology of brain networks at the systems level. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of the growing role of neuroimaging in predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease. We discuss the most relevant findings to date, and consider the potential of emerging technologies to detect the earliest signs of cognitive involvement in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette H Lanskey
- Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter McColgan
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Anette E Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus UCL Institute of Neurology, UK
| | | | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus UCL Institute of Neurology, UK
- Department of Movement Disorders, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK
- UCL Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square, London, UK
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Lee BG, Leavitt MJ, Bernick CB, Leger GC, Rabinovici G, Banks SJ. A Systematic Review of Positron Emission Tomography of Tau, Amyloid Beta, and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Evidence To Date. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2015-2024. [PMID: 29609516 PMCID: PMC6421996 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is associated with pathological changes, yet detecting these changes during life has proven elusive. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential for identifying such pathology. Few studies have been completed to date and their approaches and results have been diverse. It was the objective of this review to systematically examine relevant research using ligands for PET that bind to identified pathology in CTE. We focused on identification of patterns of binding and addressing gaps in knowledge of PET imaging for CTE. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Data used were published on or before May 22, 2017. As the extant literature is limited, any peer-reviewed article assessing military, contact sports athletes, or professional fighters was considered for inclusion. The main outcomes were regional binding to brain regions identified through control comparisons or through clinical metrics (e.g., standardized uptake volume ratios). A total of 1207 papers were identified for review, of which six met inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were planned but were deemed inappropriate given the small number of studies identified. Methodological concerns in these initial papers included small sample sizes, lack of a control comparison, use of nonstandard statistical procedures to quantify data, and interpretation of potentially off-target binding areas. Across studies, the hippocampi, amygdalae, and midbrain had reasonably consistent increased uptake. Evidence for increased uptake in cortical regions was less consistent. The evidence suggests that the field of PET imaging in those at risk for CTE remains nascent. As the field evolves to include more stringent studies, ligands for PET may prove an important tool in identifying CTE in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bern G. Lee
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - MacKenzie J. Leavitt
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Charles B. Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Gabriel C. Leger
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Gil Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health and Lerner College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
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Murugan NA, Nordberg A, Ågren H. Different Positron Emission Tomography Tau Tracers Bind to Multiple Binding Sites on the Tau Fibril: Insight from Computational Modeling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1757-1767. [PMID: 29630333 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the recently reported cryo-EM structure for the tau fibril [ Fitzpatrick et al. (2017) Nature 547, 185-190 ], which is a potential target concerning Alzheimer's disease, we present the first molecular modeling studies on its interaction with various positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Experimentally, based on the binding assay studies, at least three different high-affinity binding sites have been reported for tracers in the tau fibril. Herein, through integrated modeling using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy calculations, we provide insight into the binding patterns of various tracers to the tau fibril. We suggest that there are four different high-affinity binding sites available for many of the studied tracers showing varying binding affinity to different binding sites. Thus, PBB3 binds most strongly to site 4, and interestingly, this site is not a preferable site for any other tracers. For THK5351, our data show that it strongly binds to sites 3 and 1, the former one being more preferable. We also find that MK6240 and T807 bind to site 1 specifically. The modeling data also give some insight into whether a tracer bound to a specific site can be replaced by others or not. For example, the displacement of T807 by PBB3 as reported experimentally can also be explained and attributed to the larger binding affinity of the latter compound in all binding sites. The binding free energy results explain very well the small binding affinity of THK523 compared to all the aryl quinoline moieties containing THK tracers. The ability of certain tau tracers, like FDDNP and THK523, to bind to amyloid fibrils has also been investigated. Furthermore, such off-target interaction of tau tracers with amyloid beta fibrils has been validated using a quantum mechanical fragmentation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center of Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatric, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Pluta R, Bogucka-Kocka A, Ułamek-Kozioł M, Bogucki J, Januszewski S, Kocki J, Czuczwar SJ. Ischemic tau protein gene induction as an additional key factor driving development of Alzheimer's phenotype changes in CA1 area of hippocampus in an ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:881-884. [PMID: 30096486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative illnesses associated with the aberrant accumulation of the tau protein in the brain. The best known out of these diseases is Alzheimer's disease, a disorder where the microtubule associated tau protein becomes hyperphosphorylated (which lowers its binding affinity to microtubules) and accumulates inside neurons in the form of tangles. In this study, we attempt to find out whether brain ischemia may play an important role in tau protein gene alterations. METHODS We have investigated the relationship between hippocampal ischemia and Alzheimer's disease by means of a transient 10-min global brain ischemia in rats and determining the effect on Alzheimer's disease tau protein gene expression during 2, 7 and 30 days post injury. RESULTS We found the significant overexpression of tau protein gene on the 2nd day, but on day's 7 and 30 post-ischemia there a significant opposite tendency was observed. CONCLUSION The obtained results offer a novel insight into tau protein gene in regulating delayed neuronal death in the ischemic hippocampus. Finally, these findings further elucidate the long-term impact of brain ischemia on Alzheimer's disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland; First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
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Milanini B, Valcour V. Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer's Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2018; 14:123-132. [PMID: 28779301 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to examine characteristics that may distinguish HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) from early Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers are perturbed in HIV, yet these alterations may be limited to settings of advanced dementia or unsuppressed plasma HIV RNA. Neuropsychological testing will require extensive batteries to maximize utility. Structural imaging is limited for early AD detection in the setting of HIV, but proper studies are absent. While positron-emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging has altered the landscape of differential diagnosis for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, costs are prohibitive. Risk for delayed AD diagnosis in the aging HIV-infected population is now among the most pressing issues in geriatric neuroHIV. While clinical, imaging, and biomarker characterizations of AD are extensively defined, fewer data define characteristics of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in the setting of suppressed plasma HIV RNA. Data needed to inform the phenotype of AD in the setting of HIV are equally few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Milanini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Schwarz AJ, Shcherbinin S, Slieker LJ, Risacher SL, Charil A, Irizarry MC, Fleisher AS, Southekal S, Joshi AD, Devous MD, Miller BB, Saykin AJ. Topographic staging of tau positron emission tomography images. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2018; 10:221-231. [PMID: 29780867 PMCID: PMC5956800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It has been proposed that the signal distribution on tau positron emission tomography (PET) images could be used to define pathologic stages similar to those seen in neuropathology. Methods Three topographic staging schemes for tau PET, two sampling the temporal and occipital subregions only and one sampling cortical gray matter across the major brain lobes, were evaluated on flortaucipir F 18 PET images in a test-retest scenario and from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2. Results All three schemes estimated stages that were significantly associated with amyloid status and when dichotomized to tau positive or negative were 90% to 94% concordant in the populations identified. However, the schemes with fewer regions and simpler decision rules yielded more robust performance in terms of fewer unclassified scans and increased test-retest reproducibility of assigned stage. Discussion Tau PET staging schemes could be useful tools to concisely index the regional involvement of tau pathology in living subjects. Simpler schemes may be more robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Schwarz
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sudeepti Southekal
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals (a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhinay D Joshi
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals (a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Devous
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals (a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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50
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Abstract
Background Positron emission tomography ligands are now available that bind to tau proteins in the brain, providing the exciting opportunity to assess the presence and distribution of tau in vivo in living patients. Methods This manuscript performed a systematic review of studies that have performed tau PET imaging in patients with parkinsonian disorders. Pubmed was searched up to November 2017, and the review included case reports and patient-control studies. Results Most tau-PET studies have utilized the [18F]AV-1451 ligand, with a few using the [11C]PBB3 and [18F]THK-5351 ligands. Elevated cortical tau-PET uptake has been observed in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, presumed to be related to Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. Mild patterns of tau-PET uptake have been observed in subcortical structures in progressive supranuclear palsy and subcortical structures and motor cortex in corticobasal syndrome, although discrepancy with autoradiographic studies that show lack of binding to 4-repeat tau and "off-target" binding observed in subcortical structures limits interpretation of these findings. Findings in frontotemporal dementia with tau mutations are variable, but elevated signal is most pronounced in mutations with deposition of both 3 and 4-repeat tau. Elevated tau-PET uptake has also been observed in multiple system atrophy, a synucleinopathy. Conclusion The value of the current generation of tau-PET ligands varies across Parkinsonian syndromes depending upon underlying variability in tau pathology and "off-target" binding. More work is needed to understand the biological basis of binding and more specific tau PET ligands are needed to study parkinsonian disorders.
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