1
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Oliva-Vilarnau N, Beusch CM, Sabatier P, Sakaraki E, Tjaden A, Graetz L, Büttner FA, Dorotea D, Nguyen M, Bergqvist F, Sundström Y, Müller S, Zubarev RA, Schulte G, Tredup C, Gramignoli R, Tietge UJ, Lauschke VM. Wnt/β-catenin and NFκB signaling synergize to trigger growth factor-free regeneration of adult primary human hepatocytes. Hepatology 2024; 79:1337-1351. [PMID: 37870288 PMCID: PMC11095891 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate, which is sustained by the ability of hepatocytes to act as facultative stem cells that, while normally quiescent, re-enter the cell cycle after injury. Growth factor signaling is indispensable in rodents, whereas Wnt/β-catenin is not required for effective tissue repair. However, the molecular networks that control human liver regeneration remain unclear. METHODS Organotypic 3D spheroid cultures of primary human or murine hepatocytes were used to identify the signaling network underlying cell cycle re-entry. Furthermore, we performed chemogenomic screening of a library enriched for epigenetic regulators and modulators of immune function to determine the importance of epigenomic control for human hepatocyte regeneration. RESULTS Our results showed that, unlike in rodents, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is the major mitogenic cue for adult primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, we identified TGFβ inhibition and inflammatory signaling through NF-κB as essential steps for the quiescent-to-regenerative switch that allows Wnt/β-catenin-induced proliferation of human cells. In contrast, growth factors, but not Wnt/β-catenin signaling, triggered hyperplasia in murine hepatocytes. High-throughput screening in a human model confirmed the relevance of NFκB and revealed the critical roles of polycomb repressive complex 2, as well as of the bromodomain families I, II, and IV. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a network of NFκB, TGFβ, and Wnt/β-catenin that controls human hepatocyte regeneration in the absence of exogenous growth factors, identified novel regulators of hepatocyte proliferation, and highlighted the potential of organotypic culture systems for chemogenomic interrogation of complex physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Oliva-Vilarnau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian M. Beusch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eirini Sakaraki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Tjaden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Graetz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian A. Büttner
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debra Dorotea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergqvist
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Sundström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnosis Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uwe J.F. Tietge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Chen YZ, Zhu XM, Lv P, Hou XK, Pan Y, Li A, Du Z, Xuan JF, Guo X, Xing JX, Liu K, Yao J. Association of histone modification with the development of schizophrenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116747. [PMID: 38744217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, may involve epigenetic alterations, notably histone modifications, in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes various histone modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, serotonylation, lactylation, palmitoylation, and dopaminylation, and their implications in schizophrenia. Current research predominantly focuses on histone acetylation and methylation, though other modifications also play significant roles. These modifications are crucial in regulating transcription through chromatin remodeling, which is vital for understanding schizophrenia's development. For instance, histone acetylation enhances transcriptional efficiency by loosening chromatin, while increased histone methyltransferase activity on H3K9 and altered histone phosphorylation, which reduces DNA affinity and destabilizes chromatin structure, are significant markers of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhou Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Peng Lv
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xi-Kai Hou
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Zhe Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Xuan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China
| | - Xiaochong Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, China Medical University, PR China
| | - Jia-Xin Xing
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China.
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, PR China.
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Liaoning Province, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, PR China.
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3
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Sato Y, Takenoshita M, Ueoka M, Ueda J, Yamagata K, Kimura H. Visualizing histone H4K20me1 in knock-in mice expressing the mCherry-tagged modification-specific intracellular antibody. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02296-8. [PMID: 38762823 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
During development and differentiation, histone modifications dynamically change locally and globally, associated with transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and repair, and chromosome condensation. The level of histone H4 Lys20 monomethylation (H4K20me1) increases during the G2 to M phases of the cell cycle and is enriched in facultative heterochromatin, such as inactive X chromosomes in cycling cells. To track the dynamic changes of H4K20me1 in living cells, we have developed a genetically encoded modification-specific intracellular antibody (mintbody) probe that specifically binds to the modification. Here, we report the generation of knock-in mice in which the coding sequence of the mCherry-tagged version of the H4K20me1-mintbody is inserted into the Rosa26 locus. The knock-in mice, which ubiquitously expressed the H4K20me1-mintbody, developed normally and were fertile, indicating that the expression of the probe does not disturb the cell growth, development, or differentiation. Various tissues isolated from the knock-in mice exhibited nuclear fluorescence without the need for fixation. The H4K20me1-mintbody was enriched in inactive X chromosomes in developing embryos and in XY bodies during spermatogenesis. The knock-in mice will be useful for the histochemical analysis of H4K20me1 in any cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Maoko Takenoshita
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Miku Ueoka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Biological Responses, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Biological Responses, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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4
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León NY, Le TNU, Garvie A, Wong LH, Bagheri-Fam S, Harley VR. Y chromosome damage underlies testicular abnormalities in ATR-X syndrome. iScience 2024; 27:109629. [PMID: 38616920 PMCID: PMC11015497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
ATR-X (alpha thalassemia, mental retardation, X-linked) syndrome features genital and testicular abnormalities including atypical genitalia and small testes with few seminiferous tubules. Our mouse model recapitulated the testicular defects when Atrx was deleted in Sertoli cells (ScAtrxKO) which displayed G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying these defects. In control mice, Sertoli cells contain a single novel "GATA4 PML nuclear body (NB)" that contained the transcription factor GATA4, ATRX, DAXX, HP1α, and PH3 and co-localized with the Y chromosome short arm (Yp). ScAtrxKO mice contain single giant GATA4 PML-NBs with frequent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in G2/M-arrested apoptotic Sertoli cells. HP1α and PH3 were absent from giant GATA4 PML-NBs indicating a failure in heterochromatin formation and chromosome condensation. Our data suggest that ATRX protects a Yp region from DNA damage, thereby preventing Sertoli cell death. We discuss Y chromosome damage/decondensation as a mechanism for testicular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Y. León
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Thanh Nha Uyen Le
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Garvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lee H. Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stefan Bagheri-Fam
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Vincent R. Harley
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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5
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Doddihal V, Mann FG, Ross EJ, McKinney MC, Guerrero-Hernández C, Brewster CE, McKinney SA, Sánchez Alvarado A. A PAK family kinase and the Hippo/Yorkie pathway modulate WNT signaling to functionally integrate body axes during regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321919121. [PMID: 38713625 PMCID: PMC11098123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321919121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful regeneration of missing tissues requires seamless integration of positional information along the body axes. Planarians, which regenerate from almost any injury, use conserved, developmentally important signaling pathways to pattern the body axes. However, the molecular mechanisms which facilitate cross talk between these signaling pathways to integrate positional information remain poorly understood. Here, we report a p21-activated kinase (smed-pak1) which functionally integrates the anterior-posterior (AP) and the medio-lateral (ML) axes. pak1 inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling along the AP axis and, functions synergistically with the β-catenin-independent WNT signaling of the ML axis. Furthermore, this functional integration is dependent on warts and merlin-the components of the Hippo/Yorkie (YKI) pathway. Hippo/YKI pathway is a critical regulator of body size in flies and mice, but our data suggest the pathway regulates body axes patterning in planarians. Our study provides a signaling network integrating positional information which can mediate coordinated growth and patterning during planarian regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Doddihal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO64110
| | | | - Eric J. Ross
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO64110
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6
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Shah P, Hill R, Dion C, Clark SJ, Abakir A, Willems J, Arends MJ, Garaycoechea JI, Leitch HG, Reik W, Crossan GP. Primordial germ cell DNA demethylation and development require DNA translesion synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3734. [PMID: 38702312 PMCID: PMC11068800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DNA damage response (DDR) factors are associated with human infertility, which affects up to 15% of the population. The DDR is required during germ cell development and meiosis. One pathway implicated in human fertility is DNA translesion synthesis (TLS), which allows replication impediments to be bypassed. We find that TLS is essential for pre-meiotic germ cell development in the embryo. Loss of the central TLS component, REV1, significantly inhibits the induction of human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs). This is recapitulated in mice, where deficiencies in TLS initiation (Rev1-/- or PcnaK164R/K164R) or extension (Rev7 -/-) result in a > 150-fold reduction in the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and complete sterility. In contrast, the absence of TLS does not impact the growth, function, or homeostasis of somatic tissues. Surprisingly, we find a complete failure in both activation of the germ cell transcriptional program and in DNA demethylation, a critical step in germline epigenetic reprogramming. Our findings show that for normal fertility, DNA repair is required not only for meiotic recombination but for progression through the earliest stages of germ cell development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Shah
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Ross Hill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Camille Dion
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Stephen J Clark
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Abdulkadir Abakir
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jeroen Willems
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Leitch
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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7
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Aubreville M, Stathonikos N, Donovan TA, Klopfleisch R, Ammeling J, Ganz J, Wilm F, Veta M, Jabari S, Eckstein M, Annuscheit J, Krumnow C, Bozaba E, Çayır S, Gu H, Chen X'A, Jahanifar M, Shephard A, Kondo S, Kasai S, Kotte S, Saipradeep VG, Lafarge MW, Koelzer VH, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wang X, Breininger K, Bertram CA. Domain generalization across tumor types, laboratories, and species - Insights from the 2022 edition of the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge. Med Image Anal 2024; 94:103155. [PMID: 38537415 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Recognition of mitotic figures in histologic tumor specimens is highly relevant to patient outcome assessment. This task is challenging for algorithms and human experts alike, with deterioration of algorithmic performance under shifts in image representations. Considerable covariate shifts occur when assessment is performed on different tumor types, images are acquired using different digitization devices, or specimens are produced in different laboratories. This observation motivated the inception of the 2022 challenge on MItosis Domain Generalization (MIDOG 2022). The challenge provided annotated histologic tumor images from six different domains and evaluated the algorithmic approaches for mitotic figure detection provided by nine challenge participants on ten independent domains. Ground truth for mitotic figure detection was established in two ways: a three-expert majority vote and an independent, immunohistochemistry-assisted set of labels. This work represents an overview of the challenge tasks, the algorithmic strategies employed by the participants, and potential factors contributing to their success. With an F1 score of 0.764 for the top-performing team, we summarize that domain generalization across various tumor domains is possible with today's deep learning-based recognition pipelines. However, we also found that domain characteristics not present in the training set (feline as new species, spindle cell shape as new morphology and a new scanner) led to small but significant decreases in performance. When assessed against the immunohistochemistry-assisted reference standard, all methods resulted in reduced recall scores, with only minor changes in the order of participants in the ranking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taryn A Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Ganz
- Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Frauke Wilm
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mitko Veta
- Computational Pathology Group, Radboud UMC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nünberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Engin Bozaba
- Artificial Intelligence Research Team, Virasoft Corporation, NY, USA
| | - Sercan Çayır
- Artificial Intelligence Research Team, Virasoft Corporation, NY, USA
| | - Hongyan Gu
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Kasai
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sujatha Kotte
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - V G Saipradeep
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Maxime W Lafarge
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sen Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Katharina Breininger
- Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christof A Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Pfisterer M, Robert R, Saul VV, Pritz A, Seibert M, Feederle R, Schmitz ML. The Aurora B-controlled PP1/RepoMan complex determines the spatial and temporal distribution of mitotic H2B S6 phosphorylation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230460. [PMID: 38806145 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal control of histone phosphorylations is important for the ordered progression through the different phases of mitosis. The phosphorylation of H2B at S6 (H2B S6ph), which is crucial for chromosome segregation, reaches its maximum level during metaphase and is limited to the inner centromere. We discovered that the temporal and spatial regulation of this modification, as well as its intensity, are governed by the scaffold protein RepoMan and its associated catalytically active phosphatases, PP1α and PP1γ. Phosphatase activity is inhibited at the area of maximal H2B S6 phosphorylation at the inner centromere by site-specific Aurora B-mediated inactivation of the PP1/RepoMan complex. The motor protein Mklp2 contributes to the relocalization of Aurora B from chromatin to the mitotic spindle during anaphase, thus alleviating Aurora B-dependent repression of the PP1/RepoMan complex and enabling dephosphorylation of H2B S6. Accordingly, dysregulation of Mklp2 levels, as commonly observed in tumour cells, leads to the lack of H2B S6 dephosphorylation during early anaphase, which might contribute to chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Robert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera V Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Amelie Pritz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen, Germany
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9
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Boyan G, Ehrhardt E. From bristle to brain: embryonic development of topographic projections from basiconic sensilla in the antennal nervous system of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Dev Genes Evol 2024:10.1007/s00427-024-00716-2. [PMID: 38691194 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-024-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The antennal flagellum of the locust S. gregaria is an articulated structure bearing a spectrum of sensilla that responds to sensory stimuli. In this study, we focus on the basiconic-type bristles as a model for sensory system development in the antenna. At the end of embryogenesis, these bristles are found at fixed locations and then on only the most distal six articulations of the antenna. They are innervated by a dendrite from a sensory cell cluster in the underlying epithelium, with each cluster directing fused axons topographically to an antennal tract running to the brain. We employ confocal imaging and immunolabeling to (a) identify mitotically active sense organ precursors for sensory cell clusters in the most distal annuli of the early embryonic antenna; (b) observe the subsequent spatial appearance of their neuronal progeny; and (c) map the spatial and temporal organization of axon projections from such clusters into the antennal tracts. We show that early in embryogenesis, proliferative precursors are localized circumferentially within discrete epithelial domains of the flagellum. Progeny first appear distally at the antennal tip and then sequentially in a proximal direction so that sensory neuron populations are distributed in an age-dependent manner along the antenna. Autotracing reveals that axon fasciculation with a tract is also sequential and reflects the location and age of the cell cluster along the most distal annuli. Cell cluster location and bristle location are therefore represented topographically and temporally within the axon profile of the tract and its projection to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Boyan
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, Martinsried, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Erica Ehrhardt
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, Martinsried, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, AG Ito, Universität Zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47B, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Siddiqui NU, Karaiskakis A, Goldman AL, Eagle WVI, Low TCH, Luo H, Smibert CA, Gavis ER, Lipshitz HD. Smaug regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell number in Drosophila embryos. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg7894. [PMID: 38608012 PMCID: PMC11014450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. We show that the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in the germ granules. SMG binds to and represses translation of the osk messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as the bruno 1 (bru1) mRNA, which encodes an RBP that we show promotes germ plasm production. Loss of SMG or mutation of SMG's binding sites in the osk or bru1 mRNA results in excess translation of these transcripts in the germ plasm, accumulation of excess germ plasm, and budding of excess primordial germ cells (PGCs). Therefore, SMG triggers a posttranscriptional regulatory pathway that attenuates the amount of germ plasm in embryos to modulate the number of PGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb U. Siddiqui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Angelo Karaiskakis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Aaron L. Goldman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Whitby V. I. Eagle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Timothy C. H. Low
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Craig A. Smibert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gavis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Howard D. Lipshitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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11
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Izadi M, Ali TA, Shurrab FM, Aharpour E, Pourkarimi E. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase-1 (WARS-1) depletion and high tryptophan concentration lead to genomic instability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:165. [PMID: 38575580 PMCID: PMC10995160 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The fidelity of translation is ensured by a family of proteins named aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), making them crucial for development and survival. More recently, mutations in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1) have been linked to various human diseases, from intellectual disability to various types of cancer. To understand the function of WARS1, we investigated the effect of WARS-1 depletion during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle in the developing germline of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and demonstrated the role of WARS-1 in genome integrity. wars-1 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest of the mitotically active germ cells. Such mitotic arrest is also associated with canonical DNA damage-induced checkpoint signaling in mitotic and meiotic germ cells. Significantly, such DNA checkpoint activation is associated with the morphological anomalies in chromatin structures that are the hallmarks of genome instability, such as the formation of chromatin bridges, micronuclei, and chromatin buds. We demonstrated that knocking down wars-1 results in an elevation of the intracellular concentration of tryptophan and its catabolites, a surprising finding emphasizing the impact of cellular amino acid availability and organismal/individual dietary uptake on genome integrity. Our result demonstrates that exposing C. elegans to a high tryptophan dosage leads to DNA damage checkpoint activation and a significant increase in the tryptophan metabolites. Targeting tryptophan catabolism, the least utilized amino acid in nature, can be important in developing new cancer therapeutic approaches. All in all, we have strong evidence that knocking down wars-1 results in defects in genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Izadi
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Tayyiba Akbar Ali
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Farah M Shurrab
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Division of Genomics and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar.
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12
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Truman JW, Riddiford LM, Konopova B, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Herko M. The embryonic role of juvenile hormone in the firebrat, Thermobia domestica, reveals its function before its involvement in metamorphosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP92643. [PMID: 38568859 PMCID: PMC10994664 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To gain insights into how juvenile hormone (JH) came to regulate insect metamorphosis, we studied its function in the ametabolous firebrat, Thermobia domestica. Highest levels of JH occur during late embryogenesis, with only low levels thereafter. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments show that JH acts on embryonic tissues to suppress morphogenesis and cell determination and to promote their terminal differentiation. Similar embryonic actions of JH on hemimetabolous insects with short germ band embryos indicate that JH's embryonic role preceded its derived function as the postembryonic regulator of metamorphosis. The postembryonic expansion of JH function likely followed the evolution of flight. Archaic flying insects were considered to lack metamorphosis because tiny, movable wings were evident on the thoraces of young juveniles and their positive allometric growth eventually allowed them to support flight in late juveniles. Like in Thermobia, we assume that these juveniles lacked JH. However, a postembryonic reappearance of JH during wing morphogenesis in the young juvenile likely redirected wing development to make a wing pad rather than a wing. Maintenance of JH then allowed wing pad growth and its disappearance in the mature juvenile then allowed wing differentiation. Subsequent modification of JH action for hemi- and holometabolous lifestyles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Truman
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of WashingtonFriday HarborUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Lynn M Riddiford
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of WashingtonFriday HarborUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Barbora Konopova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Fernando G Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and BSI, Florida International UniversityMiamiUnited States
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaCeské BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Michelle Herko
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of WashingtonFriday HarborUnited States
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13
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Oskouian B, Lee JY, Asgharzadeh S, Khan R, Zhang M, Weisbrod JR, Choi YJ, Puri L, Aguilar AE, Zhao P, Saba JD. AF1q is a universal marker of neuroblastoma that sustains N-Myc expression and drives tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2024; 43:1203-1213. [PMID: 38413795 PMCID: PMC11014797 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Despite significant advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, five-year survival rates for high-risk disease remain less than 50%, highlighting the importance of identifying novel therapeutic targets to combat the disease. MYCN amplification is the most frequent and predictive molecular aberration correlating with poor outcome in neuroblastoma. N-Myc is a short-lived protein primarily due to its rapid proteasomal degradation, a potentially exploitable vulnerability in neuroblastoma. AF1q is an oncoprotein with established roles in leukemia and solid tumor progression. It is normally expressed in brain and sympathetic neurons and has been postulated to play a part in neural differentiation. However, no role for AF1q in tumors of neural origin has been reported. In this study, we found AF1q to be a universal marker of neuroblastoma tumors. Silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells caused proteasomal degradation of N-Myc through Ras/ERK and AKT/GSK3β pathways, activated p53 and blocked cell cycle progression, culminating in cell death via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, silencing AF1q attenuated neuroblastoma tumorigenicity in vivo signifying AF1q's importance in neuroblastoma oncogenesis. Our findings reveal AF1q to be a novel regulator of N-Myc and potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Oskouian
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ranjha Khan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia R Weisbrod
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Youn-Jeong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Latika Puri
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ana E Aguilar
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Department of Pediatrics and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Moon DO. Interplay between paclitaxel, gap junctions, and kinases: unraveling mechanisms of action and resistance in cancer therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:472. [PMID: 38551726 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the multifaceted roles of paclitaxel, a key chemotherapeutic agent, in cancer therapy, with a focus on its interactions with gap junctions and related kinases. Paclitaxel, with its complex diterpene structure, mediates its anticancer effects predominantly through specific interactions with β-tubulin, instigating cell cycle arrest and triggering various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. The paper systematically delineates the chemical attributes and action mechanisms of paclitaxel and its analogs, underscoring their capacity to disrupt microtubule dynamics, thereby leading to mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death induction. It also scrutinizes the pivotal role of gap junctions, composed of connexin proteins, in the modulation of cancer cell behavior and chemoresistance, especially in the milieu of paclitaxel administration. The review articulates how gap junctions can either suppress tumors or contribute to cancer progression, thereby influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Furthermore, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of how paclitaxel modulates gap junction-associated kinases via phosphorylation, influencing the drug's therapeutic efficacy and resistance profiles. By integrating insights from numerous key studies, the review offers a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between paclitaxel, gap junctions, and kinases, shedding light on potential approaches to augment paclitaxel's anti-tumor effectiveness and counteract chemoresistance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Leon-Ferre RA, Carter JM, Zahrieh D, Sinnwell JP, Salgado R, Suman VJ, Hillman DW, Boughey JC, Kalari KR, Couch FJ, Ingle JN, Balkenhol M, Ciompi F, van der Laak J, Goetz MP. Automated mitotic spindle hotspot counts are highly associated with clinical outcomes in systemically untreated early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:25. [PMID: 38553444 PMCID: PMC10980681 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Operable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a higher risk of recurrence and death compared to other subtypes. Tumor size and nodal status are the primary clinical factors used to guide systemic treatment, while biomarkers of proliferation have not demonstrated value. Recent studies suggest that subsets of TNBC have a favorable prognosis, even without systemic therapy. We evaluated the association of fully automated mitotic spindle hotspot (AMSH) counts with recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in two separate cohorts of patients with early-stage TNBC who did not receive systemic therapy. AMSH counts were obtained from areas with the highest mitotic density in digitized whole slide images processed with a convolutional neural network trained to detect mitoses. In 140 patients from the Mayo Clinic TNBC cohort, AMSH counts were significantly associated with RFS and OS in a multivariable model controlling for nodal status, tumor size, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (p < 0.0001). For every 10-point increase in AMSH counts, there was a 16% increase in the risk of an RFS event (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.25), and a 7% increase in the risk of death (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14). We corroborated these findings in a separate cohort of systemically untreated TNBC patients from Radboud UMC in the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that AMSH counts offer valuable prognostic information in patients with early-stage TNBC who did not receive systemic therapy, independent of tumor size, nodal status, and TILs. If further validated, AMSH counts could help inform future systemic therapy de-escalation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Salgado
- GZA-ZNA-Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
- Peter Mac Callum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Tan J, Tan YY, Ngian ZK, Chong SY, Rao VK, Wang JW, Zeng X, Ong CT. ApoE maintains neuronal integrity via microRNA and H3K27me3-mediated repression. iScience 2024; 27:109231. [PMID: 38439966 PMCID: PMC10909902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ApoE regulates neurogenesis, although how it influences genetic programs remains elusive. Cortical neurons induced from isogenic control and ApoE-/- human neural stem cells (NSCs) recapitulated key transcriptomic signatures of in vivo counterparts identified from single-cell human midbrain. Surprisingly, ApoE expression in NSC and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is not required for differentiation. Instead, ApoE prevents the over-proliferation of non-neuronal cells during extended neuronal culture when it is not expressed. Elevated miR-199a-5p level in ApoE-/- cells lowers the EZH1 protein and the repressive H3K27me3 mark, a phenotype rescued by miR-199a-5p steric inhibitor. Reduced H3K27me3 at genes linked to extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis in ApoE-/- NPC correlates with their aberrant expression and phenotypes in neurons. Interestingly, the ApoE coding sequence, which contains many predicted miR-199a-5p binding sites, can repress miR-199a-5p without translating into protein. This suggests that ApoE maintains neurons integrity through the target-directed miRNA degradation of miR-199a-5p, imparting the H3K27me3-mediated repression of non-neuronal genes during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Yow-Yong Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhen-Kai Ngian
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Suet-Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Medical Genetics, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- RxCell Inc, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Chin-Tong Ong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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17
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Bu W, Sun X, Xue X, Geng S, Yang T, Zhang J, Li Y, Feng C, Liu Q, Zhang X, Li P, Liu Z, Shi Y, Shao C. Early onset of pathological polyploidization and cellular senescence in hepatocytes lacking RAD51 creates a pro-fibrotic and pro-tumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00800. [PMID: 38466833 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) is a highly conserved DNA repair protein and is indispensable for embryonic viability. As a result, the role of RAD51 in liver development and function is unknown. Our aim was to characterize the function of RAD51 in postnatal liver development. APPROACH AND RESULTS RAD51 is highly expressed during liver development and during regeneration following hepatectomy and hepatic injury, and is also elevated in chronic liver diseases. We generated a hepatocyte-specific Rad51 deletion mouse model using Alb -Cre ( Rad51 -conditional knockout (CKO)) and Adeno-associated virus 8-thyroxine-binding globulin-cyclization recombination enzyme to evaluate the function of RAD51 in liver development and regeneration. The phenotype in Rad51 -CKO mice is dependent on CRE dosage, with Rad51fl/fl ; Alb -Cre +/+ manifesting a more severe phenotype than the Rad51fl/fl ; Alb -Cre +/- mice. RAD51 deletion in postnatal hepatocytes results in aborted mitosis and early onset of pathological polyploidization that is associated with oxidative stress and cellular senescence. Remarkable liver fibrosis occurs spontaneously as early as in 3-month-old Rad51fl/fl ; Alb -Cre +/+ mice. While liver regeneration is compromised in Rad51 -CKO mice, they are more tolerant of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and resistant to diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced HCC. A chronic inflammatory microenvironment created by the senescent hepatocytes appears to activate ductular reaction the transdifferentiation of cholangiocytes to hepatocytes. The newly derived RAD51 functional immature hepatocytes proliferate vigorously, acquire increased malignancy, and eventually give rise to HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a novel function of RAD51 in liver development, homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. The Rad51 -CKO mice represent a unique genetic model for premature liver senescence, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengmiao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Fukuda M, Fujita Y, Hino Y, Nakao M, Shirahige K, Yamashita T. Inhibition of HDAC8 Reduces the Proliferation of Adult Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2540. [PMID: 38473789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, neurons are produced from neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in two niches-the subventricular zone (SVZ), which forms the lining of the lateral ventricles, and the subgranular zone in the hippocampus. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to maintaining distinct cell fates by suppressing gene expression that is required for deciding alternate cell fates. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can affect adult neurogenesis in vivo. However, data regarding the role of specific HDACs in cell fate decisions remain limited. Herein, we demonstrate that HDAC8 participates in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse SVZ. Specific knockout of Hdac8 in NSCs/NPCs inhibited proliferation and neural differentiation. Treatment with the selective HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 reduced the neurosphere size in cultures from the SVZ of adult mice. Further transcriptional datasets revealed that HDAC8 inhibition in adult SVZ cells disturbs biological processes, transcription factor networks, and key regulatory pathways. HDAC8 inhibition in adult SVZ neurospheres upregulated the cytokine-mediated signaling and downregulated the cell cycle pathway. In conclusion, HDAC8 participates in the regulation of in vivo proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/NPCs in the adult SVZ, which provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Hino
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Serizay J, Matthey-Doret C, Bignaud A, Baudry L, Koszul R. Orchestrating chromosome conformation capture analysis with Bioconductor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1072. [PMID: 38316789 PMCID: PMC10844600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide chromatin conformation capture assays provide formidable insights into the spatial organization of genomes. However, due to the complexity of the data structure, their integration in multi-omics workflows remains challenging. We present data structures, computational methods and visualization tools available in Bioconductor to investigate Hi-C, micro-C and other 3C-related data, in R. An online book ( https://bioconductor.org/books/OHCA/ ) further provides prospective end users with a number of workflows to process, import, analyze and visualize any type of chromosome conformation capture data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Serizay
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France.
| | - Cyril Matthey-Doret
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
- Swiss Data Science Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Bignaud
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Lyam Baudry
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
- Université de Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Quartier Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université Paris Cité, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, Paris, France
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20
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Donati M, Kazakov DV. Beyond typical histology of BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024:155162. [PMID: 38326181 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma (BIM) is a novel subgroup of melanocytic neoplasm listed in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumor. BIM is characterized by two molecular alterations, including a mitogenic driver mutation (usually BRAF gene) and the loss of function of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21, which encodes for BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1). The latter represents a nuclear-localized deubiquitinase involved in several cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, differentiation, senescence and cell death. BIMs are histologically characterized by a population of large epithelioid melanocytes with well-demarcated cytoplasmic borders and copious eosinophilic cytoplasm, demonstrating loss of BAP1 nuclear expression by immunohistochemistry. Recently, we have published a series of 50 cases, extending the morphological spectrum of the neoplasm and highlighting some new microscopic features. In the current article, we focus on some new histological features, attempting to explain and link them to certain mechanisms of tumor development, including senescence, endoreplication, endocycling, asymmetric cytokinesis, entosis and others. In light of the morphological and molecular findings observed in BIM, we postulated that this entity unmasks a fine mechanism of tumor in which both clonal/stochastic and hierarchical model can be unified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Donati
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Department of Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy.
| | - Dmitry V Kazakov
- IDP Dermatohistopathologie Institut, Pathologie Institut Enge, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Truman JW, Riddiford LM, Konopová B, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Herko M. The embryonic role of juvenile hormone in the firebrat, Thermobia domestica, reveals its function before its involvement in metamorphosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.06.561279. [PMID: 37873170 PMCID: PMC10592639 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into how juvenile hormone (JH) came to regulate insect metamorphosis, we studied its function in the ametabolous firebrat, Thermobia domestica. Highest levels of JH occur during late embryogenesis, with only low levels thereafter. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments show that JH acts on embryonic tissues to suppress morphogenesis and cell determination and to promote their terminal differentiation. Similar embryonic actions of JH on hemimetabolous insects with short germ band embryos indicate that JH's embryonic role preceded its derived function as the postembryonic regulator of metamorphosis. The postembryonic expansion of JH function likely followed the evolution of flight. Archaic flying insects were considered to lack metamorphosis because tiny, movable wings were evident on the thoraces of young juveniles and their positive allometric growth eventually allowed them to support flight in late juveniles. Like in Thermobia, we assume that these juveniles lacked JH. However, a postembryonic reappearance of JH during wing morphogenesis in the young juvenile likely redirected wing development to make a wing pad rather than a wing. Maintenance of JH then allowed wing pad growth and its disappearance in the mature juvenile then allowed wing differentiation. Subsequent modification of JH action for hemi- and holometabolous lifestyles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Truman
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Lynn M. Riddiford
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Barbora Konopová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando G. Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and BSI, Florida International University, FL ,USA
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michelle Herko
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, USA
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22
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Mathan SV, Singh R, Kim SH, Singh SV, Singh RP. Diallyl Trisulfide Induces ROS-Mediated Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis and Inhibits HNSCC Tumor Growth and Cancer Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:378. [PMID: 38254868 PMCID: PMC10814060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the five-year survival rate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients is still less than fifty percent. Research has indicated that the consumption of Allium vegetables or processed garlic containing diallyl trisulfide (DATS) can lower the risk of multiple types of cancer. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of DATS against HNSCC have not been thoroughly explored until the current study. In this research, it was found that DATS notably curtailed the growth and viability of HNSCC cells. Additionally, DATS triggered a significant G2/M cell cycle arrest in these cells, accumulating cyclin B1, Cip1/p21, and Ser-10 phospho-histone H3-this was indicative of mitotic arrest attenuated by NAC pretreatment, suggesting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction. The production of ROS induced by DATS led to DNA damage and apoptosis, a process associated with elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, along with reduced XIAP. When HNSCC cells were exposed to pharmacological concentrations of DATS, it resulted in the suppression of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, as indicated by a decrease in the CD133high/CD44high cell fraction, reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity, inhibited spheroid formation and downregulated SOX2 and Oct4 expression. Furthermore, the administration of DATS to tumor xenografts demonstrated its in vivo capacity to hinder CSCs. Further, DATS treatment inhibited the growth of UMSCC-22B head and neck cancer tumor xenograft in immunocompromised mice. Overall, DATS inhibited cell proliferation; induced cell cycle mitotic arrest and apoptosis involving DNA damage through ROS generation; reduced the CSC fraction and spheroid formation; and downregulated SOX2 and Oct4 expression. More importantly, DATS inhibited HNSCC tumor growth and CSC fraction in vivo. Thus, DATS could be a potential anticancer agent that can be used against head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapar V. Mathan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.V.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.-H.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Ragini Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.V.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.-H.K.); (S.V.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.-H.K.); (S.V.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.V.M.); (R.S.)
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Gu H, Yang C, Al-Kharouf I, Magaki S, Lakis N, Williams CK, Alrosan SM, Onstott EK, Yan W, Khanlou N, Cobos I, Zhang XR, Zarrin-Khameh N, Vinters HV, Chen XA, Haeri M. Enhancing mitosis quantification and detection in meningiomas with computational digital pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:7. [PMID: 38212848 PMCID: PMC10782692 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is a critical criterion for meningioma grading. However, pathologists' assessment of mitoses is subject to significant inter-observer variation due to challenges in locating mitosis hotspots and accurately detecting mitotic figures. To address this issue, we leverage digital pathology and propose a computational strategy to enhance pathologists' mitosis assessment. The strategy has two components: (1) A depth-first search algorithm that quantifies the mathematically maximum mitotic count in 10 consecutive high-power fields, which can enhance the preciseness, especially in cases with borderline mitotic count. (2) Implementing a collaborative sphere to group a set of pathologists to detect mitoses under each high-power field, which can mitigate subjective random errors in mitosis detection originating from individual detection errors. By depth-first search algorithm (1) , we analyzed 19 meningioma slides and discovered that the proposed algorithm upgraded two borderline cases verified at consensus conferences. This improvement is attributed to the algorithm's ability to quantify the mitotic count more comprehensively compared to other conventional methods of counting mitoses. In implementing a collaborative sphere (2) , we evaluated the correctness of mitosis detection from grouped pathologists and/or pathology residents, where each member of the group annotated a set of 48 high-power field images for mitotic figures independently. We report that groups with sizes of three can achieve an average precision of 0.897 and sensitivity of 0.699 in mitosis detection, which is higher than an average pathologist in this study (precision: 0.750, sensitivity: 0.667). The proposed computational strategy can be integrated with artificial intelligence workflow, which envisions the future of achieving a rapid and robust mitosis assessment by interactive assisting algorithms that can ultimately benefit patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Gu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chunxu Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Issa Al-Kharouf
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Shino Magaki
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nelli Lakis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Christopher Kazu Williams
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sallam Mohammad Alrosan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ellie Kate Onstott
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Negar Khanlou
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Inma Cobos
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Harry V Vinters
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Anthony Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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24
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Gong C, Yang W, Liu X, Li X, Wang Y, Tian C. Low follistatin level is a causal risk factor for spontaneous abortion: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1255591. [PMID: 38234423 PMCID: PMC10792017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1255591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent pregnancy loss is a distressing event during pregnancy, and understanding its causal factors is crucial. Follistatin, a glycoprotein involved in folliculogenesis and embryogenesis, has been implicated as a potential contributor to the risk of spontaneous abortion. However, establishing a causal relationship requires rigorous investigation using robust methods. Methods In this study, we utilized mendelian randomization (MR), a powerful genetic epidemiological approach, to examine the causal relationship between follistatin levels and spontaneous abortion. We obtained instrumental variables strongly associated with follistatin levels from large-scale genome-wide association from the IEU database. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was taken as gold standard. We also performed sensitivity test to evaluate the robustness of our result. Results MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between low follistatin levels and spontaneous abortion (p = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses, including pleiotropy test, heterogeneity test, and leave-one-out analysis, all supported the robustness of our findings. Conclusion Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the causal relationship between low follistatin levels and increased risk of spontaneous abortion. These findings underscore the importance of follistatin in the etiology of spontaneous abortion and suggest potential preventive interventions. Modulating follistatin levels or relevant pathways could hold promise for reducing the incidence of spontaneous abortion and improving reproductive outcomes. The utilization of MRs strengthens the validity of our results by mitigating confounding and reverse causality biases. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and explore therapeutic strategies targeting follistatin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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25
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Wang J, Chen Y, Li S, Liu W, Zhou XA, Luo Y, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Cheng K, Ruan M, Yu W, Li X, Wang W, Wang J. PP2A inhibition causes synthetic lethality in BRCA2-mutated prostate cancer models via spindle assembly checkpoint reactivation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172137. [PMID: 37934606 PMCID: PMC10760972 DOI: 10.1172/jci172137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. One of the paradoxes concerning BRCA2 is the fact that its inactivation affects genetic stability and is deleterious for cellular and organismal survival, while BRCA2-mutated cancer cells adapt to this detriment and malignantly proliferate. Therapeutic strategies for tumors arising from BRCA2 mutations may be discovered by understanding these adaptive mechanisms. In this study, we conducted forward genetic synthetic viability screenings in Caenorhabditis elegans brc-2 (Cebrc-2) mutants and found that Ceubxn-2 inactivation rescued the viability of Cebrc-2 mutants. Moreover, loss of NSFL1C, the mammalian ortholog of CeUBXN-2, suppressed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation and promoted the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells. Mechanistically, NSFL1C recruited USP9X to inhibit the polyubiquitination of AURKB and reduce the removal of AURKB from the centromeres by VCP, which is essential for SAC activation. SAC inactivation is common in BRCA2-deficient prostate cancer patients, but PP2A inhibitors could reactivate the SAC and achieve BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor synthetic lethality. Our research reveals the survival adaptation mechanism of BRCA2-deficient prostate tumor cells and provides different angles for exploring synthetic lethal inhibitors in addition to targeting DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchang Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Albert Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yefei Luo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanzhan Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yundong Xiong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqi Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjian Ruan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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26
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Langner E, Cheng T, Kefaloyianni E, Gluck C, Wang B, Mahjoub MR. Cep120 is essential for kidney stromal progenitor cell growth and differentiation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:428-454. [PMID: 38177914 PMCID: PMC10897188 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes that disrupt centrosome structure or function can cause congenital kidney developmental defects and lead to fibrocystic pathologies. Yet, it is unclear how defective centrosome biogenesis impacts renal progenitor cell physiology. Here, we examined the consequences of impaired centrosome duplication on kidney stromal progenitor cell growth, differentiation, and fate. Conditional deletion of the ciliopathy gene Cep120, which is essential for centrosome duplication, in the stromal mesenchyme resulted in reduced abundance of interstitial lineages including pericytes, fibroblasts and mesangial cells. These phenotypes were caused by a combination of delayed mitosis, activation of the mitotic surveillance pathway leading to apoptosis, and changes in both Wnt and Hedgehog signaling that are key for differentiation of stromal cells. Cep120 ablation resulted in small hypoplastic kidneys with medullary atrophy and delayed nephron maturation. Finally, Cep120 and centrosome loss in the interstitium sensitized kidneys of adult mice, causing rapid fibrosis after renal injury via enhanced TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by loss of Cep120 and aberrant centrosome biogenesis in the embryonic kidney stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles Gluck
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
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27
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Wang WX, Douglas TR, Zhang H, Bhattacharya A, Rothenbroker M, Tang W, Sun Y, Jia Z, Muffat J, Li Y, Chou LYT. Universal, label-free, single-molecule visualization of DNA origami nanodevices across biological samples using origamiFISH. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:58-69. [PMID: 37500778 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Structural DNA nanotechnology enables the fabrication of user-defined DNA origami nanostructures (DNs) for biological applications. However, the role of DN design during cellular interactions and subsequent biodistribution remain poorly understood. Current methods for tracking DN fates in situ, including fluorescent-dye labelling, suffer from low sensitivity and dye-induced artifacts. Here we present origamiFISH, a label-free and universal method for the single-molecule fluorescence detection of DNA origami nanostructures in cells and tissues. origamiFISH targets pan-DN scaffold sequences with hybridization chain reaction probes to achieve 1,000-fold signal amplification. We identify cell-type- and DN shape-specific spatiotemporal distribution patterns within a minute of uptake and at picomolar DN concentrations, 10,000× lower than field standards. We additionally optimize compatibility with immunofluorescence and tissue clearing to visualize DN distribution within tissue cryo-/vibratome sections, slice cultures and whole-mount organoids. Together, origamiFISH enables the accurate mapping of DN distribution across subcellular and tissue barriers for guiding the development of DN-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Xueyi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis R Douglas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haiwang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Afrin Bhattacharya
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Rothenbroker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wentian Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Muffat
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Li
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leo Y T Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Stewart S, Stankunas K. Section Immunostaining for Protein Expression and Cell Proliferation Studies of Regenerating Fins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2707:235-254. [PMID: 37668917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3401-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish fins fully regenerate after resection, providing a highly accessible and remarkable vertebrate model of organ regeneration. Fin injury triggers wound epidermis formation and the dedifferentiation of injury-adjacent mature cells to establish an organized blastema of progenitor cells. Balanced cell proliferation and redifferentiation along with cell movements then progressively reestablish patterned tissues and restore the fin to its original size and shape. A mechanistic understanding of these coordinated cell behaviors and transitions requires direct knowledge of proteins in their physiological context, including expression, subcellular localization, and activity. Antibody-based staining of sectioned fins facilitates such high-resolution analyses of specific, native proteins. Therefore, such methods are mainstays of comprehensive, hypothesis-driven fin regeneration studies. However, section immunostaining requires labor-intensive, empirical optimization. Here, we present detailed, multistep procedures for antibody staining and co-detecting proliferating cells using paraffin and frozen fin sections. We include suggestions to avoid common pitfalls and to streamline the development of optimized, validated protocols for new and challenging antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Stewart
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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Ornelas IM, Silva TM, Pereira MR, França GR, Ventura ALM. Cell cycle regulation by ADP and IGF-1 in cultured late developing glia progenitors of the avian retina. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09982-7. [PMID: 38151691 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the avian retina, ADP induces the proliferation of late developing glia progenitors. Here, we show that in serum-containing retinal cell cultures, ADP-induced increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation can be prevented by the IGF-1 receptor antagonists AG1024 and I-OMe-Tyrphostin AG 538, suggesting the participation of IGF-1 in ADP-mediated progenitor proliferation. In contrast, no increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation is observed in retinal cultures treated only with IGF-1. Under serum starvation, while no increase in cell proliferation is detected in cultures treated only with ADP or IGF-1, a significant increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and number of PCNA expressing cells is observed in cultures treated concomitantly with ADP plus IGF-1, suggesting that both molecules are required to induce proliferation of retinal progenitors. In serum-starved cultures, although an increase in cell viability is detected by MTT assays in IGF-1-treated cultures, no significant increase in viability of [3H]-thymidine labeled progenitors is observed, suggesting that IGF-1 may contribute to survival of postmitotic cells in culture. While only ADP increases intracellular calcium, only IGF-1 induces the phosphorylation of Akt in the retinal cultures. IGF-1 through the PI3K/Akt pathway induces a significant increase in the transcription and expression of CDK1 with a decrease in phospho-histone H3 expression that is concomitant with an increase in the expression of cyclins D1 and E and CDK2. These findings suggest that IGF-1 stimulates CDK-1 mRNA and protein expression that enable progenitors to progress through the cell cycle. However, signaling of ADP in the presence IGF-I seems to be required for DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Moraes Ornelas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Thayane Martins Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Prof. M.W. de Freitas Reis, bloco M, sala 409, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Prof. M.W. de Freitas Reis, bloco M, sala 409, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rapozeiro França
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca 94, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20211-040, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Marques Ventura
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Program, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Prof. M.W. de Freitas Reis, bloco M, sala 409, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 24210-201, Brazil.
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30
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Nguyen Vu TH, Kikuchi O, Ohashi S, Saito T, Ida T, Nakai Y, Cao Y, Yamamoto Y, Kondo Y, Mitani Y, Kataoka S, Kondo T, Katada C, Yamada A, Matsubara J, Muto M. Combination therapy with WEE1 inhibition and trifluridine/tipiracil against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4664-4676. [PMID: 37724648 PMCID: PMC10728021 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advanced therapeutics, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the deadliest cancers. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy based on synthetic lethality combining trifluridine/tipiracil and MK1775 (WEE1 inhibitor) as a treatment for ESCC. This study demonstrates that trifluridine induces single-strand DNA damage in ESCC cells, as evidenced by phosphorylated replication protein 32. The DNA damage response includes cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) (Tyr15) phosphorylation as CDK1 inhibition and a decrease of the proportion of phospho-histone H3 (p-hH3)-positive cells, indicating cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase before mitosis entry. The WEE1 inhibitor remarkedly suppressed CDK1 phosphorylation (Try15) and reactivated CDK1, and also increased the proportion of p-hH3-positive cells, which indicates an increase of the number of cells into mitosis. Trifluridine combined with a WEE1 inhibitor increased trifluridine-mediated DNA damage, namely DNA double-strand breaks, as shown by increased γ-H2AX expression. Moreover, the combination treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil and a WEE1 inhibitor significantly suppressed tumor growth of ESCC-derived xenograft models. Hence, our novel combination treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil and a WEE1 inhibitor is considered a candidate treatment strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H. Nguyen Vu
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Endoscopy DepartmentCho Ray HospitalHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Bio‐Resource CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Cancer ImmunotherapyKyoto University Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and ImmunobiologyKyotoJapan
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle Disease Research CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Tomoki Saito
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukie Nakai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yosuke Mitani
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigeki Kataoka
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Kondo
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Chikatoshi Katada
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Junichi Matsubara
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Clinical Bio‐Resource CenterKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
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Ishida M, Kuroki Y, Agata K. Establishment of a new method to isolate viable x-ray-sensitive cells from planarian by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:577-590. [PMID: 37596847 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Planarians show outstanding regenerative ability due to the proliferation of neoblasts. Hence the method to isolate planarian neoblasts is important to understand the regeneration process. In our previous study, we reported a method to isolate planarian neoblasts of Dugesia japonica using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, we have not yet succeeded in cultivating these cells even under in vivo conditions after transplantation into x-ray-irradiated planarians. This suggests that dissociated cells might enter apoptotic or necrotic states in the process of fluorescent dye staining and sorting. Here, we developed a new method to isolate viable neoblasts, which can proliferate in the x-ray-irradiated planarians. First, the toxicity of various fluorescence dyes was investigated. All nuclear fluorescent dyes such as Hoechst 33342, DRAQ5, and DyeCycle, showed, more or less, toxicity to mammalian culture cells. In contrast, cytoplasmic fluorescent dye for live cells, calcein AM, was less toxic on these cells. Next, we stained the dissociated planarian cells with only calcein AM, and then collected the x-ray-sensitive fraction. Although the purity of neoblasts was slightly lower than that of the original staining method (ca. 97% → ca. 89%), the sorted cells could actively proliferate when they were injected into x-ray-irradiated planarians. This simple staining and sorting method will provide new opportunities to isolate viable neoblasts and understand regenerating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Ishida
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kuroki
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Agata
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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32
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Miyake A, Ohmori T, Murakawa Y. Fgf22 and Fgfr2b are required for neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the zebrafish forebrain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:212-217. [PMID: 37783119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) play crucial roles in various developmental processes including brain development. We previously identified Fgf22 in zebrafish and found that fgf22 is involved in midbrain patterning during embryogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of Fgf22 in the formation of the zebrafish forebrain. We found that fgf22 was essential for determining the ventral properties of the telencephalon and diencephalon but not for cell proliferation. In addition, the knockdown of fgf22 inhibited the generation of glutamatergic neurons, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons and astrocytes. Recently, Fgf signaling has received much attention because of its importance in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, in which oligodendrocytes and myelin are destroyed. However, the effects of each Fgf on oligodendrocytes remain largely unknown. Therefore, we also investigated the role of Fgf22 in oligodendrocyte development and explored whether there is a difference between Fgf22 and other Fgfs. Knockdown of fgf22 promoted the generation of oligodendrocytes. Conversely, overexpression of fgf22 inhibited the generation of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, the forebrain phenotypes of fgfr2b knockdown zebrafish were remarkably similar to those of fgf22 knockdown zebrafish. This establishes the Fgf22-Fgfr2b axis as a key ligand‒receptor partnership in neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the forebrain. Our results indicate that Fgf22 has a unique function in suppressing oligodendrocyte differentiation through Fgfr2b without affecting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Miyake
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1, Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Ohmori
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1, Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yuka Murakawa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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33
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Fletcher A, Clift D, de Vries E, Martinez Cuesta S, Malcolm T, Meghini F, Chaerkady R, Wang J, Chiang A, Weng SHS, Tart J, Wong E, Donohoe G, Rawlins P, Gordon E, Taylor JD, James L, Hunt J. A TRIM21-based bioPROTAC highlights the therapeutic benefit of HuR degradation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7093. [PMID: 37925433 PMCID: PMC10625600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein, which functions as an RNA regulator. Overexpression of HuR correlates with high grade tumours and poor patient prognosis, implicating it as an attractive therapeutic target. However, an effective small molecule antagonist to HuR for clinical use remains elusive. Here, a single domain antibody (VHH) that binds HuR with low nanomolar affinity was identified and shown to inhibit HuR binding to RNA. This VHH was used to engineer a TRIM21-based biological PROTAC (bioPROTAC) that could degrade endogenous HuR. Significantly, HuR degradation reverses the tumour-promoting properties of cancer cells in vivo by altering the HuR-regulated proteome, highlighting the benefit of HuR degradation and paving the way for the development of HuR-degrading therapeutics. These observations have broader implications for degrading intractable therapeutic targets, with bioPROTACs presenting a unique opportunity to explore targeted-protein degradation through a modular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Clift
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma de Vries
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sergio Martinez Cuesta
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Junmin Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Abby Chiang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shao Huan Samuel Weng
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Tart
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edmond Wong
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Philip Rawlins
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Euan Gordon
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leo James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Hunt
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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34
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Kiseleva AA, Poleshko A. The secret life of chromatin tethers. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2782-2790. [PMID: 37339933 PMCID: PMC10730768 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope plays an essential role in organizing the genome inside of the nucleus. The inner nuclear membrane is coated with a meshwork of filamentous lamin proteins that provide a surface to organize a variety of cellular processes. A subset of nuclear lamina- and membrane-associated proteins functions as anchors to hold transcriptionally silent heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery. While most chromatin tethers are integral membrane proteins, a limited number are lamina-bound. One example is the mammalian proline-rich 14 (PRR14) protein. PRR14 is a recently characterized protein with unique function that is different from other known chromatin tethers. Here, we review our current understanding of PRR14 structure and function in organizing heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Kiseleva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Geng Q, Kong Y, Li W, Zhang J, Ma H, Zhang Y, Da L, Zhao Y, Du H. Dynamic Phosphorylation of G9a Regulates its Repressive Activity on Chromatin Accessibility and Mitotic Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303224. [PMID: 37661576 PMCID: PMC10602519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Ser10 of histone H3 (H3S10p), together with the adjacent methylation of Lys9 (H3K9me), has been proposed to function as a 'phospho-methyl switch' to regulate mitotic chromatin architecture. Despite of immense understanding of the roles of H3S10 phosphorylation, how H3K9me2 are dynamically regulated during mitosis is poorly understood. Here, it is identified that Plk1 kinase phosphorylates the H3K9me1/2 methyltransferase G9a/EHMT2 at Thr1045 (pT1045) during early mitosis, which attenuates its catalytic activity toward H3K9me2. Cells bearing Thr1045 phosphomimic mutant of G9a (T1045E) show decreased H3K9me2 levels, increased chromatin accessibility, and delayed mitotic progression. By contrast, dephosphorylation of pT1045 during late mitosis by the protein phosphatase PPP2CB reactivates G9a activity and upregulates H3K9me2 levels, correlated with decreased levels of H3S10p. Therefore, the results provide a mechanistic explanation of the essential of a 'phospho-methyl switch' and highlight the importance of Plk1 and PPP2CB-mediated dynamic regulation of G9a activity in chromatin organization and mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesHubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismRNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yue‐Yu Kong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesHubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismRNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Weizhe Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesHubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismRNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Lin‐Tai Da
- Shanghai Center for Systems BiomedicineShanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Hai‐Ning Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesHubei Clinical Research Center of Emergency and ResuscitationEmergency Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismRNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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Alcalde Anton A, Young FJ, Melo-Flórez L, Couto A, Cross S, McMillan WO, Montgomery SH. Adult neurogenesis does not explain the extensive post-eclosion growth of Heliconius mushroom bodies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230755. [PMID: 37885989 PMCID: PMC10598442 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Among butterflies, Heliconius have a unique behavioural profile, being the sole genus to actively feed on pollen. Heliconius learn the location of pollen resources, and have enhanced visual memories and expanded mushroom bodies, an insect learning and memory centre, relative to related genera. These structures also show extensive post-eclosion growth and developmental sensitivity to environmental conditions. However, whether this reflects plasticity in neurite growth, or an extension of neurogenesis into the adult stage, is unknown. Adult neurogenesis has been described in some Lepidoptera, and could provide one route to the increased neuron number observed in Heliconius. Here, we compare volumetric changes in the mushroom bodies of freshly eclosed and aged Heliconius erato and Dryas iulia, and estimate the number of intrinsic mushroom body neurons using a new and validated automated method to count nuclei. Despite extensive volumetric variation associated with age, our data show that neuron number is remarkably constant in both species, suggesting a lack of adult neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies. We support this conclusion with assays of mitotic cells, which reveal very low levels of post-eclosion cell division. Our analyses provide an insight into the evolution of neural plasticity, and can serve as a basis for continued exploration of the potential mechanisms behind brain development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fletcher J. Young
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Antoine Couto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Stephen Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Stephen H. Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
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37
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Ferrand J, Dabin J, Chevallier O, Kupai A, Rothbart SB, Polo SE. Mitotic chromatin marking governs asymmetric segregation of DNA damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.556166. [PMID: 37732208 PMCID: PMC10508772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.556166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The faithful segregation of intact genetic material and the perpetuation of chromatin states through mitotic cell divisions are pivotal for maintaining cell function and identity across cell generations. However, most exogenous mutagens generate long-lasting DNA lesions that are segregated during mitosis. How this segregation is controlled is unknown. Here, we uncover a mitotic chromatin-marking pathway that governs the segregation of UV-induced damage in human cells. Our mechanistic analyses reveal two layers of control: histone ADP-ribosylation, and the incorporation of newly synthesized histones at UV damage sites, that both prevent local mitotic phosphorylations on histone H3 serines. Functionally, this chromatin-marking pathway drives the asymmetric segregation of UV damage in the cell progeny with potential consequences on daughter cell fate. We propose that this mechanism may help preserve the integrity of stem cell compartments during asymmetric cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ferrand
- Laboratory of Epigenome Integrity, Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Dabin
- Laboratory of Epigenome Integrity, Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Odile Chevallier
- Laboratory of Epigenome Integrity, Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ariana Kupai
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Scott B. Rothbart
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sophie E. Polo
- Laboratory of Epigenome Integrity, Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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38
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Chen SY, Liu FC. The Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 axis regulates morphogenesis of the lung. Development 2023; 150:dev201827. [PMID: 37497597 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Morphological development of the lung requires complex signal crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors. Elucidating the genetic cascades underlying signal crosstalk is essential to understanding lung morphogenesis. Here, we identified Nolz1 as a mesenchymal lineage-specific transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in lung morphogenesis. Nolz1 null mutation resulted in a severe hypoplasia phenotype, including a decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, aberrant differentiation of epithelial cells and defective growth of epithelial branches. Nolz1 deletion also downregulated Wnt2, Lef1, Fgf10, Gli3 and Bmp4 mRNAs. Mechanistically, Nolz1 regulates lung morphogenesis primarily through Wnt2 signaling. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies demonstrated that Nolz1 transcriptionally activated Wnt2 and downstream β-catenin signaling to control mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial branching. Exogenous Wnt2 could rescue defective proliferation and epithelial branching in Nolz1 knockout lungs. Finally, we identified Fgf9 as an upstream regulator of Nolz1. Collectively, Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 signaling represents a novel axis in the control of lung morphogenesis. These findings are relevant to lung tumorigenesis, in which a pathological function of Nolz1 is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Belew MD, Chien E, Michael WM. Characterization of factors that underlie transcriptional silencing in C. elegans oocytes. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010831. [PMID: 37478128 PMCID: PMC10395837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While it has been appreciated for decades that prophase-arrested oocytes are transcriptionally silenced on a global level, the molecular pathways that promote silencing have remained elusive. Previous work in C. elegans has shown that both topoisomerase II (TOP-2) and condensin II collaborate with the H3K9me heterochromatin pathway to silence gene expression in the germline during L1 starvation, and that the PIE-1 protein silences the genome in the P-lineage of early embryos. Here, we show that all three of these silencing systems, TOP-2/condensin II, H3K9me, and PIE-1, are required for transcriptional repression in oocytes. We find that H3K9me3 marks increase dramatically on chromatin during silencing, and that silencing is under cell cycle control. We also find that PIE-1 localizes to the nucleolus just prior to silencing, and that nucleolar dissolution during silencing is dependent on TOP-2/condensin II. Our data identify both the molecular components and the trigger for genome silencing in oocytes and establish a link between PIE-1 nucleolar residency and its ability to repress transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezmur D Belew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emilie Chien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - W Matthew Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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40
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Liu J, Rahim F, Zhou J, Fan S, Jiang H, Yu C, Chen J, Xu J, Yang G, Shah W, Zubair M, Khan A, Li Y, Shah B, Zhao D, Iqbal F, Jiang X, Guo T, Xu P, Xu B, Wu L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi Q. Loss-of-function variants in KCTD19 cause non-obstructive azoospermia in humans. iScience 2023; 26:107193. [PMID: 37485353 PMCID: PMC10362269 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia is a significant cause of male infertility, with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) being the most severe type of spermatogenic failure. NOA is mostly caused by congenital factors, but our understanding of its genetic causes is very limited. Here, we identified a frameshift variant (c.201_202insAC, p.Tyr68Thrfs∗17) and two nonsense variants (c.1897C>T, p.Gln633∗; c.2005C>T, p.Gln669∗) in KCTD19 (potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 19) from two unrelated infertile Chinese men and a consanguineous Pakistani family with three infertile brothers. Testicular histological analyses revealed meiotic metaphase I (MMI) arrest in the affected individuals. Mice modeling KCTD19 variants recapitulated the same MMI arrest phenotype due to severe disrupted individualization of MMI chromosomes. Further analysis showed a complete loss of KCTD19 protein in both Kctd19 mutant mouse testes and affected individual testes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the pathogenicity of the identified KCTD19 variants and highlight an essential role of KCTD19 in MMI chromosome individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianteng Zhou
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Suixing Fan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Changping Yu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianze Xu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wasim Shah
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Asad Khan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Basit Shah
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Daren Zhao
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tonghang Guo
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Hainan Jinghua Hejing Hospital for Reproductive Medicine, Hainan 570125, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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41
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Lin WH, Feathers RW, Cooper LM, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Chen J, Sarkaria JN, Anastasiadis PZ. A Syx-RhoA-Dia1 signaling axis regulates cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e157491. [PMID: 37427593 PMCID: PMC10371349 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive tumors that lack effective treatments. Here, we show that the Rho family guanine nucleotide exchange factor Syx promotes GBM cell growth both in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts derived from patients with GBM. Growth defects upon Syx depletion are attributed to prolonged mitosis, increased DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis, mediated by altered mRNA and protein expression of various cell cycle regulators. These effects are phenocopied by depletion of the Rho downstream effector Dia1 and are due, at least in part, to increased phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and reduced activity of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators. Furthermore, targeting Syx signaling cooperates with radiation treatment and temozolomide (TMZ) to decrease viability in GBM cells, irrespective of their inherent response to TMZ. The data indicate that a Syx-RhoA-Dia1-YAP/TAZ signaling axis regulates cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and therapy resistance in GBM and argue for its targeting for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan W. Feathers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Cooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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42
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Tarullo SE, He Y, Daughters C, Knutson TP, Henzler CM, Price MA, Shanley R, Witschen P, Tolg C, Kaspar RE, Hallstrom C, Gittsovich L, Sulciner ML, Zhang X, Forster CL, Lange CA, Shats O, Desler M, Cowan KH, Yee D, Schwertfeger KL, Turley EA, McCarthy JB, Nelson AC. Receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) defines an invasive niche associated with tumor progression and predicts poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. J Pathol 2023; 260:289-303. [PMID: 37186300 PMCID: PMC10417882 DOI: 10.1002/path.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer invasion and metastasis result from a complex interplay between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Key oncogenic changes in the TME include aberrant synthesis, processing, and signaling of hyaluronan (HA). Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM, CD168; HMMR) is an HA receptor enabling tumor cells to sense and respond to this aberrant TME during breast cancer progression. Previous studies have associated RHAMM expression with breast tumor progression; however, cause and effect mechanisms are incompletely established. Focused gene expression analysis of an internal breast cancer patient cohort confirmed that increased RHAMM expression correlates with aggressive clinicopathological features. To probe mechanisms, we developed a novel 27-gene RHAMM-related signature (RRS) by intersecting differentially expressed genes in lymph node (LN)-positive patient cases with the transcriptome of a RHAMM-dependent model of cell transformation, which we validated in an independent cohort. We demonstrate that the RRS predicts for poor survival and is enriched for cell cycle and TME-interaction pathways. Further analyses using CRISPR/Cas9-generated RHAMM-/- breast cancer cells provided direct evidence that RHAMM promotes invasion in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry studies highlighted heterogeneous RHAMM protein expression, and spatial transcriptomics associated the RRS with RHAMM-high microanatomic foci. We conclude that RHAMM upregulation leads to the formation of 'invasive niches', which are enriched in RRS-related pathways that drive invasion and could be targeted to limit invasive progression and improve patient outcomes. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Tarullo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Claire Daughters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew A Price
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ryan Shanley
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrice Witschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- London Health Sciences Center, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachael E Kaspar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caroline Hallstrom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyubov Gittsovich
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan L Sulciner
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xihong Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen L Forster
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oleg Shats
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michelle Desler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kenneth H Cowan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eva A Turley
- London Health Sciences Center, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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43
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Zhen H, Huang M, Zheng M, Gao L, Guo Z, Pang Q, Jin G, Zhou Z. WTAP regulates stem cells via TRAF6 to maintain planarian homeostasis and regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124932. [PMID: 37268082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
WTAP, a highly conserved Wilms' tumor 1 interacting protein, is involved in a variety of biological processes. However, functional studies of WTAP in planarians have not been reported. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of planarian DjWTAP and investigated its functions in planarians regeneration and homeostasis. Knocking-down DjWTAP resulted in severe morphological defects leading to lethality within 20 days. Silencing DjWTAP promoted the proliferation of PiwiA+ cells but impaired the lineage differentiation of epidermal, neural, digestive, and excretory cell types, suggesting a critical role for DjWTAP in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in planarian. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying the defective differentiation, RNA-seq was employed to determine the transcriptomic alterations upon DjWTAP RNA interference. Histone 4 (H4), Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase-SETMAR like, and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), were significantly upregulated in response to DjWTAP RNAi. Knocking-down TRAF6 largely rescued the defective tissue homeostasis and regeneration resulted from DjWTAP knockdown in planarians, suggesting that DjWTAP maintains planarian regeneration and homeostasis via TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mujie Huang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Zepeng Guo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, CHINA.
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44
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Liu VP, Li WM, Lofroth J, Zeb M, Patrick BO, Bott TM, Lee CH. A specific dispiropiperazine derivative that arrests cell cycle, induces apoptosis, necrosis and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8674. [PMID: 37248333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispiropiperazine compounds are a class of molecules known to confer biological activity, but those that have been studied as cell cycle regulators are few in number. Here, we report the characterization and synthesis of two dispiropiperazine derivatives: the previously synthesized spiro[2',3]-bis(acenaphthene-1'-one)perhydrodipyrrolo-[1,2-a:1,2-d]-pyrazine (SPOPP-3, 1), and its previously undescribed isomer, spiro[2',5']-bis(acenaphthene-1'-one)perhydrodipyrrolo-[1,2-a:1,2-d]-pyrazine (SPOPP-5, 2). SPOPP-3 (1), but not SPOPP-5 (2), was shown to have anti-proliferative activity against a panel of 18 human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.63 to 13 µM. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SPOPP-3 (1) was able to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase in SW480 human cancer cells. Western blot analysis further confirmed the cell cycle arrest is in the M phase. In addition, SPOPP-3 (1) was shown to induce apoptosis, necrosis, and DNA damage as well as disrupt mitotic spindle positioning in SW480 cells. These results warrant further investigation of SPOPP-3 (1) as a novel anti-cancer agent, particularly for its potential ability to sensitize cancer cells for radiation-induced cell death, enhance cancer immunotherapy, overcome apoptosis-related drug resistance and for possible use in synthetic lethality cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Wai-Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Jack Lofroth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Mehreen Zeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Tina M Bott
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Chow H Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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45
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Sinks MR, Morrison DE, Ramdev RA, Lentzou S, Spritzer MD. Cell proliferation and cell death levels in the dentate gyrus correlate with home range size among adult male meadow voles. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00231-2. [PMID: 37245693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout adulthood within the dentate gyrus, and evidence indicates that these new neurons play a critical role in both spatial and social memory. However, a vast majority of past research on adult neurogenesis has involved experiments with captive mice and rats, making the generalizability of results to natural settings questionable. We assessed the connection between adult neurogenesis and memory by measuring the home range size of wild-caught, free-ranging meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Adult male voles (n = 18) were captured, fitted with radio collars, and released back into their natural habitat, where each vole's home range was assessed using 40 radio-telemetry fixes over the course of 5 evenings. Voles were then recaptured, and brain tissue was collected. Cellular markers of cell proliferation (pHisH3, Ki67), neurogenesis (DCX), and pyknosis were labeled on histological sections and then quantified using either fluorescent or light microscopy. Voles with larger home ranges had significantly higher pHisH3+ cell densities within the granule cell layer and subgranular zone (GCL+SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and higher Ki67+ cell densities in the dorsal GCL+SGZ. Voles with larger ranges also had significantly higher pyknotic cell densities in the entire GCL+SGZ and in the dorsal GCL+SGZ. These results support the hypothesis that cell proliferation and cell death within the hippocampus are involved with spatial memory formation. However, a marker of neurogenesis (DCX+) was not correlated with range size, suggesting that there may be selective cellular turnover in the dentate gyrus when a vole is ranging through its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sinks
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A.
| | - Daryl E Morrison
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A.
| | - Rajan A Ramdev
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A.
| | - Stergiani Lentzou
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A.
| | - Mark D Spritzer
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A; Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall, Middlebury, VT 05753, U.S.A.
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Cullati SN, Zhang E, Shan Y, Guillen RX, Chen JS, Navarrete-Perea J, Elmore ZC, Ren L, Gygi SP, Gould KL. Fission yeast CK1 promotes DNA double-strand break repair through both homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538600. [PMID: 37162912 PMCID: PMC10168346 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The CK1 family are conserved serine/threonine kinases with numerous substrates and cellular functions. The fission yeast CK1 orthologues Hhp1 and Hhp2 were first characterized as regulators of DNA repair, but the mechanism(s) by which CK1 activity promotes DNA repair had not been investigated. Here, we found that deleting Hhp1 and Hhp2 or inhibiting CK1 catalytic activities in yeast or in human cells activated the DNA damage checkpoint due to persistent double-strand breaks (DSBs). The primary pathways to repair DSBs, homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, were both less efficient in cells lacking Hhp1 and Hhp2 activity. In order to understand how Hhp1 and Hhp2 promote DSB repair, we identified new substrates using quantitative phosphoproteomics. We confirmed that Arp8, a component of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, is a bona fide substrate of Hhp1 and Hhp2 that is important for DSB repair. Our data suggest that Hhp1 and Hhp2 facilitate DSB repair by phosphorylating multiple substrates, including Arp8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra N. Cullati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Current address: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yufan Shan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rodrigo X. Guillen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Zachary C. Elmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Current address: Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Langner E, Cheng T, Kefaloyianni E, Gluck C, Wang B, Mahjoub MR. Impaired centrosome biogenesis in kidney stromal progenitors reduces abundance of interstitial lineages and accelerates injury-induced fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535583. [PMID: 37066241 PMCID: PMC10104024 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Defective centrosome function can disrupt embryonic kidney development, by causing changes to the renal interstitium that leads to fibrocystic disease pathologies. Yet, it remains unknown how mutations in centrosome genes impact kidney interstitial cells. Here, we examined the consequences of defective centrosome biogenesis on stromal progenitor cell growth, differentiation and fate. Conditional deletion of Cep120 , a ciliopathy gene essential for centrosome duplication, in the stromal mesenchyme resulted in reduced abundance of pericytes, interstitial fibroblasts and mesangial cells. This was due to delayed mitosis, increased apoptosis, and changes in Wnt and Hedgehog signaling essential for differentiation of stromal lineages. Cep120 ablation resulted in hypoplastic kidneys with medullary atrophy and delayed nephron maturation. Finally, centrosome loss in the interstitium sensitized kidneys of adult mice, causing rapid fibrosis via enhanced TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling after renal injury. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by centrosome dysfunction in embryonic kidney stroma. Highlights Defective centrosome biogenesis in kidney stroma causes:Reduced abundance of stromal progenitors, interstitial and mesangial cell populationsDefects in cell-autonomous and paracrine signalingAbnormal/delayed nephrogenesis and tubular dilationsAccelerates injury-induced fibrosis via defective TGF-β/Smad3-Gli2 signaling axis.
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Liu H, Ma H, Li Y, Zhao H. Advances in epigenetic modifications and cervical cancer research. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188894. [PMID: 37011697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is an important public health problem for women, and perspectives and information regarding its prevention and treatment are quickly evolving. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been recognized as a major contributor to CC development; however, HPV infection is not the only cause of CC. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels caused by non-gene sequence changes. Growing evidence suggests that the disruption of gene expression patterns which were governed by epigenetic modifications can result in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various other maladies. This article mainly reviews the current research status of epigenetic modifications in CC based on four aspects, respectively DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA regulation and chromatin regulation, and we also discuss their functions and molecular mechanisms in the occurrence and progression of CC. This review provides new ideas for early screening, risk assessment, molecular targeted therapy and prognostic prediction of CC.
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49
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Takazawa A, Yoshimura Y, Okamoto M, Tanaka A, Kito M, Aoki K, Uehara T, Takahashi J, Kato H, Nakayama J. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry for phosphohistone H3 as a prognostic factor in myxoid liposarcoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4733. [PMID: 36959285 PMCID: PMC10036607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is a common subtype of liposarcoma. Although the prognosis is generally good, there are factors known to be associated with poor prognosis. Accurate indices are important to predict prognosis. We aimed to assess the usefulness of immunohistochemistry for phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) as a potential biomarker in comparison with Ki-67 antigen and other prognostic factors. Twenty-five patients with MLS were evaluated. Age, sex, depth of tumor, tumor size, surgical margin, oncological outcome, histological grade, presence of necrosis, proportion of round cell component (RC%), PHH3 index, and Ki-67 index were examined. Prognostic factors of the examination criteria were statistically analyzed, survival rate analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis. The number of PHH3-positive tumor cells and the PHH3 and Ki-67 indices demonstrated a statistical correlation with the prognosis of MLS in univariate analysis (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.01, respectively). PHH3 index and RC% were significant factors in multivariate analysis (P = 0.03, P = 0.02). The immunohistochemistry of PHH3 may be associated with prognosis and could serve as a valid criterion of histological grade in MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, 1-27-21 Midorigaoka, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, 1-27-21 Midorigaoka, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Rehabilitation Center, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Munehisa Kito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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50
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Hu SY, Qian JX, Yang SY, Andriani L, Liao L, Deng L, Huang MY, Zhang YL, Zhang FL, Shao ZM, Li DQ. Destabilization of microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 via the cyclin-dependent kinase 1-chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway promotes mitotic arrest and enhances cancer cellular sensitivity to microtubule-targeting agents. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1210. [PMID: 36967563 PMCID: PMC10040724 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubule-targeing agents (MTAs), such as paclitaxel (PTX) and vincristine (VCR), kill cancer cells through activtion of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and induction of mitotic arrest, but the development of resistance poses significant clinical challenges. METHODS Immunoblotting and RT-qPCR were used to investigate potential function and related mechanism of MORC2. Flow cytometry analyses were carried out to determine cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The effect of MORC2 on cellular sensitivity to PTX and VCR was determined by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays. Immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescent staining were utilized to investigate protein-protein interaction and protein co-localization. RESULTS Here, we identified microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2), a poorly characterized oncoprotein, as a novel regulator of SAC activation, mitotic progression, and resistance of cancer cells to PTX and VCR. Mechanically, PTX and VCR activate cyclin-dependent kinase 1, which in turn induces MORC2 phosphorylation at threonine 717 (T717) and T733. Phosphorylated MORC2 enhances its interation with HSPA8 and LAMP2A, two essential components of the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) mechinery, resulting in its autophagic degradation. Degradation of MORC2 during mitosis leads to SAC activation through stabilizing anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activator protein Cdc20 and facilitating mitotic checkpoint complex assembly, thus contributing to mitotic arrest induced by PTX and VCR. Notably, knockdown of MORC2 promotes mitotic arrest induced by PTX and VCR and enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to PTX and VCR. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings unveil a previously unrecognized function and regulatory mechanism of MORC2 in mitotic progression and resistance of cancer cells to MTAs. These results also provide a new clue for developing combined treatmentstrategy by targeting MORC2 in combination with MTAs against human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Hu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Xian Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisa Andriani
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liao
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Ying Huang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Ling Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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