1
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Eradication of KRAS mutant colorectal adenocarcinoma by PEGylated gold nanoparticles-cetuximab conjugates through ROS-dependent apoptosis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Q, Gao J, Zhu X, Yu H, Li Y, Zhang C. Copackaging photosensitizer and PD-L1 siRNA in a nucleic acid nanogel for synergistic cancer photoimmunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2941. [PMID: 35442728 PMCID: PMC9020667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Packaging multiple drugs into a nanocarrier with rational design to achieve synergistic cancer therapy remains a challenge due to the intrinsically varied pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents. Especially difficult is combining small-molecule drugs and macromolecular biologics. Here, we successfully graft pheophorbide A (PPA) photosensitizers on DNA backbone at predesigned phosphorothioate modification sites. The synthesized four PPA-grafted DNAs are assembled into a tetrahedron framework, which further associates with a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) linker through supramolecular self-assembly to form an siRNA and PPA copackaged nanogel. With dual therapeutic agents inside, the nanogel can photodynamically kill tumor cells and induce remarkable immunogenic cell death. Also, it simultaneously silences the PD-L1 expression of the tumor cells, which substantially promotes the antitumor immune response and leads to an enhanced antitumor efficacy in a synergistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Shramova EI, Chumakov SP, Shipunova VO, Ryabova AV, Telegin GB, Kabashin AV, Deyev SM, Proshkina GM. Genetically encoded BRET-activated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:38. [PMID: 35190528 PMCID: PMC8861062 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the most appealing photonic modalities for cancer treatment based on anticancer activity of light-induced photosensitizer-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS), but a limited depth of light penetration into tissues does not make possible the treatment of deep-seated neoplasms and thus complicates its widespread clinical adoption. Here, we introduce the concept of genetically encoded bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-activated PDT, which combines an internal light source and a photosensitizer (PS) in a single-genetic construct, which can be delivered to tumors seated at virtually unlimited depth and then triggered by the injection of a substrate to initiate their treatment. To illustrate the concept, we engineered genetic NanoLuc-miniSOG BRET pair, combining NanoLuc luciferase flashlight and phototoxic flavoprotein miniSOG, which generates ROS under luciferase-substrate injection. We prove the concept feasibility in mice bearing NanoLuc-miniSOG expressing tumor, followed by its elimination under the luciferase-substrate administration. Then, we demonstrate a targeted delivery of NanoLuc-miniSOG gene, via tumor-specific lentiviral particles, into a tumor, followed by its successful elimination, with tumor-growth inhibition (TGI) coefficient exceeding 67%, which confirms a great therapeutic potential of the proposed concept. In conclusion, this study provides proof-of-concept for deep-tissue "photodynamic" therapy without external light source that can be considered as an alternative for traditional PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Shramova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Stepan P Chumakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria O Shipunova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Georgij B Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 6, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Andrei V Kabashin
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409, Russia
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 163 Ave. De Luminy, Case 917, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 31 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115409, Russia.
| | - Galina M Proshkina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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4
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Huang CH, Wang FT, Hsuuw YD, Huang FJ, Chan WH. Non-embryotoxic dosage of alternariol aggravates ochratoxin A-triggered deleterious effects on embryonic development through ROS-dependent apoptotic processes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1211-1222. [PMID: 34956623 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) and ochratoxin A (OTA), two mycotoxins found in many foods worldwide, exhibit cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity, triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several mammalian cells and mouse embryos. The absorption rate of AOH from dietary foodstuff is low, meaning that the amount of AOH obtained from the diet rarely approaches the cytotoxic threshold. Thus, the potential harm of dietary consumption of AOH is generally neglected. However, previous findings from our group and others led us to question whether a low dosage of AOH could aggravate the cytotoxicity of other mycotoxins. In the present study, we examined how low dosages of AOH affected OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity and investigated the underlying regulatory mechanism in mouse blastocysts. Our results revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AOH (1 and 2 μM) could enhance OTA (8 μM)-triggered apoptotic processes and embryotoxicity in mouse blastocysts. We also found that AOH can enhance OTA-evoked intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and that this could be prevented by pretreatment with the potent ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine. Finally, we observed that this ROS generation acts as a key inducer of caspase-dependent apoptotic processes and subsequent impairments of embryo implantation and pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. In sum, our results show that non-cytotoxic dosages of AOH can aggravate OTA-triggered apoptosis and embryotoxicity through ROS- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Der Hsuuw
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Huang
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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5
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Yao W, Cao Y, She M, Yan Y, Li J, Leng X, Liu P, Zhang S, Li J. Imaging and Monitoring the Hydrogen Peroxide Level in Heart Failure by a Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift. ACS Sens 2021; 6:54-62. [PMID: 33301300 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases and is considered to be closely related to oxidative stress. Early understanding of pathogenesis can greatly improve the treatment and reduce the mortality of heart disease. In this work, based on the analysis of coumarin derivates by theoretical calculations, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe BCO with a large Stokes shift (107 nm) and excellent selectivity toward H2O2 in a living system. The distribution of H2O2 in the heart and thoracic aorta tissues was imaged with the aid of the probe BCO, which demonstrated that the cellular H2O2 level is upregulated in heart failure. This work provides a useful tool, BCO, for the evaluation of cellular oxidative stress and to further understand the pathophysiology process of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- The College of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, the College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, the College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
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6
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Kovač V, Poljšak B, Primožič J, Jamnik P. Are Metal Ions That Make up Orthodontic Alloys Cytotoxic, and Do They Induce Oxidative Stress in a Yeast Cell Model? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217993. [PMID: 33121155 PMCID: PMC7662645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositions of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, cobalt-chromium and β-titanium orthodontic alloys were simulated with mixtures of Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Ti and Mo metal ions as potential oxidative stress-triggering agents. Wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two mutants ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 were used as model organisms to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress occurrence. Metal mixtures at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM were prepared out of metal chlorides and used to treat yeast cells for 24 h. Every simulated orthodontic alloy at 1000 µM was cytotoxic, and, in the case of cobalt-chromium alloy, even 100 µM was cytotoxic. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage were detected for stainless steel and both cobalt-chromium alloys at 1000 µM in wild-type yeast and 100 µM in the ΔSod1 and ΔCtt1 mutants. Simulated nickel-titanium and β-titanium alloy did not induce oxidative stress in any of the tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Kovač
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Borut Poljšak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.K.); (B.P.)
| | - Jasmina Primožič
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-3203-729
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7
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Mertens RT, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Cancer cell-selective modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by potent organogold(iii) dithiocarbamates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10465-10482. [PMID: 34094305 PMCID: PMC8162438 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03628e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key cancer hallmark that has led to the therapeutic targeting of glycolysis. However, agents that target dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration for targeted therapy remains underexplored. We report the synthesis and characterization of ten (10) novel, highly potent organometallic gold(iii) complexes supported by dithiocarbamate ligands as selective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. The structure of dithiocarbamates employed dictates the biological stability and cellular cytotoxicity. Most of the compounds exhibit 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the low-micromolar (0.50-2.9 μM) range when tested in a panel of aggressive cancer types with significant selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. Consequently, there is great interest in the mechanism of action of gold chemotherapeutics, particularly, considering that DNA is not the major target of most gold complexes. We investigate the mechanism of action of representative complexes, 1a and 2a in the recalcitrant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. Whole-cell transcriptomics sequencing revealed genes related to three major pathways, namely: cell cycle, organelle fission, and oxidative phosphorylation. 2a irreversibly and rapidly inhibits maximal respiration in TNBC with no effect on normal epithelial cells, implicating mitochondrial OXPHOS as a potential target. Furthermore, the modulation of cyclin dependent kinases and G1 cell cycle arrest induced by these compounds is promising for the treatment of cancer. This work contributes to the need for mitochondrial respiration modulators in biomedical research and outlines a systematic approach to study the mechanism of action of metal-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall T Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA
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8
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Stockert JC. Lipid Peroxidation Assay Using BODIPY-Phenylbutadiene Probes: A Methodological Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2202:199-214. [PMID: 32857357 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0896-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of reactive oxygen species has increasing importance in biomedical sciences, due to their biological role in signaling pathways and induction of cell damage at low and high concentrations, respectively. Detection of lipid peroxidation with sensing probes such as some BODIPY dyes has now wide application in studies using fluorescent microplate readers, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Two phenylbutadiene derivatives of BODIPY are commonly used as peroxidation probes, non-oxidized probes and oxidized products giving red and green fluorescence, respectively. Peculiar features of lipoperoxidation and BODIPY dye properties make this assessment a rather complex process, not exempt of doubts and troubles. Color changes and fluorescence fading that are not due to lipid peroxidation must be taken into account to avoid misleading results. As a characteristic feature of lipoperoxidation is the propagation of peroxyl radicals, pitfalls and advantages of a delayed detection by BODIPY probes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Stockert
- Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Alyodawi K, Vermeij WP, Omairi S, Kretz O, Hopkinson M, Solagna F, Joch B, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, van Vliet N, Ridwan Y, Essers J, Mitchell R, Morash T, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Matsakas A, Collins-Hooper H, Huber TB, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Patel K. Compression of morbidity in a progeroid mouse model through the attenuation of myostatin/activin signalling. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:662-686. [PMID: 30916493 PMCID: PMC6596402 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the principles underpinning our understanding of ageing is that DNA damage induces a stress response that shifts cellular resources from growth towards maintenance. A contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable view is that prompting growth of, for example, skeletal muscle confers systemic benefit. METHODS To investigate the robustness of these axioms, we induced muscle growth in a murine progeroid model through the use of activin receptor IIB ligand trap that dampens myostatin/activin signalling. Progeric mice were then investigated for neurological and muscle function as well as cellular profiling of the muscle, kidney, liver, and bone. RESULTS We show that muscle of Ercc1Δ/- progeroid mice undergoes severe wasting (decreases in hind limb muscle mass of 40-60% compared with normal mass), which is largely protected by attenuating myostatin/activin signalling using soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB) (increase of 30-62% compared with untreated progeric). sActRIIB-treated progeroid mice maintained muscle activity (distance travel per hour: 5.6 m in untreated mice vs. 13.7 m in treated) and increased specific force (19.3 mN/mg in untreated vs. 24.0 mN/mg in treated). sActRIIb treatment of progeroid mice also improved satellite cell function especially their ability to proliferate on their native substrate (2.5 cells per fibre in untreated progeroids vs. 5.4 in sActRIIB-treated progeroids after 72 h in culture). Besides direct protective effects on muscle, we show systemic improvements to other organs including the structure and function of the kidneys; there was a major decrease in the protein content in urine (albumin/creatinine of 4.9 sActRIIB treated vs. 15.7 in untreated), which is likely to be a result in the normalization of podocyte foot processes, which constitute the filtration apparatus (glomerular basement membrane thickness reduced from 224 to 177 nm following sActRIIB treatment). Treatment of the progeric mice with the activin ligand trap protected against the development of liver abnormalities including polyploidy (18.3% untreated vs. 8.1% treated) and osteoporosis (trabecular bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.14 mm3 in untreated mice, cortical bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.22 mm3 in untreated mice). The onset of neurological abnormalities was delayed (by ~5 weeks) and their severity reduced, overall sustaining health without affecting lifespan. CONCLUSIONS This study questions the notion that tissue growth and maintaining tissue function during ageing are incompatible mechanisms. It highlights the need for future investigations to assess the potential of therapies based on myostatin/activin blockade to compress morbidity and promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alyodawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesca Solagna
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renata M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Taryn Morash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias B Huber
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Druck T, Cheung DG, Park D, Trapasso F, Pichiorri F, Gaspari M, Palumbo T, Aqeilan RI, Gaudio E, Okumura H, Iuliano R, Raso C, Green K, Huebner K, Croce CM. Fhit-Fdxr interaction in the mitochondria: modulation of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30770797 PMCID: PMC6377664 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fhit protein is lost in cancers of most, perhaps all, cancer types; when restored, it can induce apoptosis and suppress tumorigenicity, as shown in vitro and in mouse tumor models in vivo. Following protein cross-linking and proteomics analyses, we characterized a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes the heat-shock chaperonin pair, HSP60/10, which is likely involved in importing Fhit into the mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin, in electron transport chain complex III. Overexpression of Fhit protein in Fhit-deficient cancer cells modulates the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing increased ROS, following peroxide treatment, with subsequent increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape ROS overproduction and ROS-induced apoptosis, likely carrying oxidative damage. Thus, characterization of Fhit-interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of a Fhit-mediated apoptotic signal pathway that is lost in many cancers. This is of translational interest considering the very recent emphasis in a number of high-profile publications, concerning the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the treatment of human cancers, and especially cancer stem cells that rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Additionally, we have shown that cells from a Fhit-deficient lung cancer cell line, are sensitive to killing by exposure to atovaquone, thought to act as a selective oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor by targeting the CoQ10 dependence of the mitochondrial complex III, while the Fhit-expressing sister clone is resistant to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Druck
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas G Cheung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale Preclinica e Clinica, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Okumura
- Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kari Green
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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11
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Phototoxicity of flavoprotein miniSOG induced by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in genetically encoded system NanoLuc-miniSOG is comparable with its LED-excited phototoxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:107-115. [PMID: 30253374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical, minimally invasive method for destroying cancer cells in the presence of a photosensitizer, oxygen, and a light source. The main obstacle for the PDT treatment of deep tumors is a strong reduction of the excitation light intensity as a result of its refraction, reflection, and absorption by biological tissues. Internal light sources based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer can be a solution of this problem. Here we show that luciferase NanoLuc being expressed as a fusion protein with phototoxic flavoprotein miniSOG in cancer cells in the presence of furimazine (highly specific NanoLuc substrate) induces a photodynamic effect of miniSOG comparable with its LED-excited (Light Emitting Diode) phototoxicity. Luminescence systems based on furimazine and hybrid protein NanoLuc-miniSOG targeted to mitochondria or cellular membranes possess the similar energy transfer efficiencies and similar BRET-induced cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, though the mechanisms of BRET-induced cell death are different. As the main components of the proposed system for BRET-mediated PDT are genetically encoded (luciferase and phototoxic protein), this system can potentially be delivered to any site in the organism and thus may be considered as a promising approach for simultaneous delivery of light source and photosensitizer in deep-lying tumors and metastasis anywhere in the body.
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12
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Payton RR, Rispoli LA, Nagle KA, Gondro C, Saxton AM, Voy BH, Edwards JL. Mitochondrial-related consequences of heat stress exposure during bovine oocyte maturation persist in early embryo development. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:243-251. [PMID: 29553057 PMCID: PMC6021609 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia during estrus has direct consequences on the maturing oocyte that carries over to the resultant embryo to compromise its ability to continue in development. Because early embryonic development is reliant upon maternal transcripts and other ooplasmic components, we examined impact of heat stress on bovine oocyte transcripts using microarray. Oocytes were matured at 38.5ºC for 24 h or 41.0ºC for the first 12 h of in vitro maturation; 38.5ºC thereafter. Transcriptome profile was performed on total (adenylated + deadenylated) RNA and polyadenylated mRNA populations. Heat stress exposure altered the abundance of several transcripts important for mitochondrial function. The extent to which transcript differences are coincident with functional changes was evaluated by examining reactive oxygen species, ATP content, and glutathione levels. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels were increased by 6 h exposure to 41.0ºC while cytoplasmic levels were reduced compared to controls (P < 0.0001). Exposure to 41.0ºC for 12 h increased total and reduced glutathione levels in oocytes at 12 h but reduced them by 24 h (time × temperature P < 0.001). ATP content was higher in heat-stressed oocytes at 24 h (P < 0.0001). Heat-induced increases in ATP content of matured oocytes persisted in early cleavage-stage embryos (8- to 16-cell embryos; P < 0.05) but were no longer apparent in blastocysts (P > 0.05). Collectively, results indicate that direct exposure of maturing oocytes to heat stress may alter oocyte mitochondrial processes/function, which is inherited by the early embryo after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Louisa A Rispoli
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly A Nagle
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Cedric Gondro
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arnold M Saxton
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brynn H Voy
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, AgResearch, Knoxville, TN, USA
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13
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Tang M, Zheng Q, Tirelli N, Hu P, Tang Q, Gu J, He Y. Dual thermo/oxidation-responsive block copolymers with self-assembly behaviour and synergistic release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Stockert JC, Blázquez-Castro A. Establishing the subcellular localization of photodynamically-induced ROS using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine: A methodological proposal, with a proof-of-concept demonstration. Methods 2016; 109:175-179. [PMID: 27154745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both physiological and pathological processes in cell biology makes their detection and assessment a fundamental topic in biomedical research. Established methodologies to study ROS in cell biology take advantage of oxidation reactions between the ROS and a reduced probe. After reacting the probe reveals the presence of ROS either by the appearance of colour (chromogenic reaction) or fluorescence (fluorogenic reaction). However current methodologies rarely allow for a site-specific detection of ROS production. Here we propose a colorimetric reaction driven by the oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) by photodynamically-produced ROS that allows for fine detection of the ROS production site. The introduced methodology is fast, easy to implement and permits cellular resolution at the submicrometric level. Although the basic protocol is proved in a photodynamic model of ROS generation, the principle is applicable to many different scenarios of intracellular ROS production. As a consequence this proposed methodology should greatly complement other techniques aiming at establishing a precise subcellular localization of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Stockert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain; Institute of Research and Technology in Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Mastrangelo D, Massai L, Lo Coco F, Noguera NI, Borgia L, Fioritoni G, Berardi A, Iacone A, Muscettola M, Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U, Di Pisa F, Grasso G. Cytotoxic effects of high concentrations of sodium ascorbate on human myeloid cell lines. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1807-16. [PMID: 26264692 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high doses of intravenous (sodium) ascorbate (ASC) in the treatment of cancer has been controversial although there is growing evidence that ASC in high (pharmacologic) concentrations induces dose-dependent pro-apoptotic death of tumor cells, in vitro. Very few data are available on the role of ASC in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ascorbate behaves as an antioxidant at low (physiologic), and as pro-oxidant at pharmacologic, concentrations, and this may account for the differences reported in different experimental settings, when human myeloid cell lines, such as HL60, were treated with ASC. Considering the myeloid origin of HL60 cells, and previous literature reports showing that some cell lines belonging to the myeloid lineage could be sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of high concentrations of ASC, we investigated in more details the effects of high doses (0.5 to 7 mM) of ASC in vitro, on a variety of human myeloid cell lines including the following: HL60, U937, NB4, NB4-R4 (retinoic acid [RA]-resistant), NB4/AsR (ATO-resistant) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cell lines, and K562 as well as on normal CD34+ progenitors derived from human cord blood. Our results indicate that all analyzed cell lines including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)- and arsenic trioxide (ATO)-resistant ones are highly sensitive to the cytotoxic, pro-oxidant effects of high doses of ASC, with an average 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of 3 mM, depending on cell type, ASC concentration, and time of exposure. Conversely, high doses of ASC neither did exert significant cytotoxic effects nor impaired the differentiation potential in cord blood (CB) CD34+ normal cells. Since plasma ASC concentrations within the millimolar (mM) range can be easily and safely reached by intravenous administration, we conclude that phase I/II clinical trials using high doses of ASC should be designed for patients with advanced/refractory AML and APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Lauretta Massai
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Nélida Inés Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Borgia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fioritoni
- Pescara Cell Factory Foundation Onlus, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II n. 346, 65122, Pescara, Italy
| | - Anna Berardi
- Pescara Cell Factory Foundation Onlus, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II n. 346, 65122, Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Iacone
- Pescara Cell Factory Foundation Onlus, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II n. 346, 65122, Pescara, Italy
| | - Michela Muscettola
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Pescara Cell Factory Foundation Onlus, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II n. 346, 65122, Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pisa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grasso
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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16
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Salamifar SE, Lee S, Lai RY. Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors fabricated using cytochrome c immobilized on macroelectrodes and ultramicroelectrodes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:866-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Wang X, Roper MG. Measurement of DCF fluorescence as a measure of reactive oxygen species in murine islets of Langerhans. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 6:3019-3024. [PMID: 24955137 PMCID: PMC4061712 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In islets of Langerhans, oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be critically involved in β-cell dysfunction during the development of diabetes. However, ROS have also been hypothesized to play a role in cellular signalling. To aid in delineating the effects of ROS in living islets of Langerhans, the endocrine portion of the pancreas that contain β-cells, we sought to develop a robust and reproducible protocol to measure these species using the fluorescent dye, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA). The protocol that was developed minimized photobleaching and leakage of H2DCF from murineislets and utilized a normalization procedure to further reduce experimental variability. The method allowed for ~25 min of DCF measurement in living islets. We used the developed protocol to compare DCF fluorescence from batches of islets incubated in varying glucose concentrations and observed ~1.5-fold higher fluorescence signals in 3 vs. 20 mM glucose. The effects of diazoxide, which clamps open K+ATP channels reducing intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) without affecting glucose metabolism, were also investigated. The presence of diazoxide increased DCF fluorescence at all glucose concentrations tested while addition of 30 mM K+ to increase [Ca2+]i reduced the fluorescence by ~15%. With the developed protocol, all experimental methods tested to increase [Ca2+]i resulted in a decrease in DCF fluorescence, potentially indicating involvement of ROS in intracellular signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G. Roper
- Florida State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, USA
- Fax: 85 0644 8281; Tel: 850-644-1846;
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18
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Salamifar SE, Lai RY. Use of combined scanning electrochemical and fluorescence microscopy for detection of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9417-21. [PMID: 24044675 DOI: 10.1021/ac402367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Release of ROS from prostate cancer (PC3) cells was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and fluorescence microscopy. One-directional lateral scan SECM was used as a rapid and reproducible tool for simultaneous mapping of cell topography and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Fluorescence microscopy was used in tandem to monitor the tip position, in addition to providing information on intracellular ROS content via the use of ROS-reactive fluorescent dyes. A unique tip current (iT) vs lateral distance profile was observed when the tip potential (ET) was set at -0.65 V. This profile reflects the combined effects of topographical change and ROS release at the PC3 cell surfaces. Differentiation between topographical-related and ROS-induced current change was achieved by comparing the scans collected at -0.65 and -0.85 V. The effects of other parameters such as tip to cell distance, solvent oxygen content, and scan direction on the profile of the scan were systematically evaluated. Cells treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a known ROS stimulus, were also evaluated using the lateral scanning approach. Overall, the SECM results correlate well with the fluorescence results. The extracellular ROS level detected at the SECM tip was found to be similar to the intracellular ROS level monitored using fluorescence microscopy. While the concentration of each contributing ROS species has not been determined and is thus part of the future study, here we have successfully demonstrated the use of a simple two-potential lateral scan approach for analysis of ROS released by living cells under real physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ehsan Salamifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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19
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Di Rienzo C, Jacchetti E, Cardarelli F, Bizzarri R, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Unveiling LOX-1 receptor interplay with nanotopography: mechanotransduction and atherosclerosis onset. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1141. [PMID: 23355954 PMCID: PMC3555090 DOI: 10.1038/srep01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like ox-LDL receptors (LOX-1) play a crucial role in the ox-LDL–induced pathological transformation of vessel-wall components, a crucial early step in atherogenesis. LOX-1 dynamics is quantitatively investigated in human endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to environmental nanotopographies. We demonstrate distinct nanotopography-induced cell phenotypes, characterized by different morphology, LOX-1 diffusivity and oligomerization state: HUVECs on flat surfaces exhibit the behavior found in pro-atherogenic conditions, while growth on nanogratings can interfere with LOX-1 dynamics and lead to a behavior characteristic of normal, non-pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12 , 56127 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Riggio C, Calatayud MP, Hoskins C, Pinkernelle J, Sanz B, Torres TE, Ibarra MR, Wang L, Keilhoff G, Goya GF, Raffa V, Cuschieri A. Poly-l-lysine-coated magnetic nanoparticles as intracellular actuators for neural guidance. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3155-66. [PMID: 22811603 PMCID: PMC3394465 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been proposed in the literature that Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be exploited to enhance or accelerate nerve regeneration and to provide guidance for regenerating axons. MNPs could create mechanical tension that stimulates the growth and elongation of axons. Particles suitable for this purpose should possess (1) high saturation magnetization, (2) a negligible cytotoxic profile, and (3) a high capacity to magnetize mammalian cells. Unfortunately, the materials currently available on the market do not satisfy these criteria; therefore, this work attempts to overcome these deficiencies. METHODS Magnetite particles were synthesized by an oxidative hydrolysis method and characterized based on their external morphology and size distribution (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy [HR-TEM]) as well as their colloidal (Z potential) and magnetic properties (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices [SQUID]). Cell viability was assessed via Trypan blue dye exclusion assay, cell doubling time, and MTT cell proliferation assay and reactive oxygen species production. Particle uptake was monitored via Prussian blue staining, intracellular iron content quantification via a ferrozine-based assay, and direct visualization by dual-beam (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy [FIB/SEM]) analysis. Experiments were performed on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary Schwann cell cultures of the peripheral nervous system. RESULTS This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of polymer-coated magnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 73 ± 6 nm that are designed as magnetic actuators for neural guidance. The cells were able to incorporate quantities of iron up to 2 pg/cell. The intracellular distribution of MNPs obtained by optical and electronic microscopy showed large structures of MNPs crossing the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, thus rendering them suitable for magnetic manipulation by external magnetic fields. Specifically, migration experiments under external magnetic fields confirmed that these MNPs can effectively actuate the cells, thus inducing measurable migration towards predefined directions more effectively than commercial nanoparticles (fluidMAG-ARA supplied by Chemicell). There were no observable toxic effects from MNPs on cell viability for working concentrations of 10 μg/mL (EC(25) of 20.8 μg/mL, compared to 12 μg/mL in fluidMAG-ARA). Cell proliferation assays performed with primary cell cultures of the peripheral nervous system confirmed moderate cytotoxicity (EC(25) of 10.35 μg/mL). CONCLUSION These results indicate that loading neural cells with the proposed MNPs is likely to be an effective strategy for promoting non-invasive neural regeneration through cell magnetic actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riggio
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Di Turi G, Jacchetti E, Curcio M, Barbuti S, Funel N, Parisi OI, Puoci F, Picci N. Dextran-catechin conjugate: a potential treatment against the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2601-14. [PMID: 22622510 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A polysaccharide-flavonoid conjugate was developend and proposed for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS The conjugate was synthesized by free radical grafting reaction between catechin and dextran. The chemical characterization of the conjugate was obtained by UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GPC analyses, while the functionalization degree was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The biological activity of the catechin-dextran conjugate was tested on two different cell lines derived from human pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2 and PL45 cells), and the toxicity towards human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells evaluated. RESULTS Both the cancer cell lines are killed when exposed to the conjugate, and undergo apoptosis after the incubation with catechin-dextran which resulted more effective in killing pancreatic tumor cells compared to the catechin alone. Moreover, our experimental data indicate that the conjugate was less cytotoxic to human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells which are considered a good model of non-neoplastic pancreatic cells. CONCLUSION The suitability of newly synthesized Dextran-Catechin conjugate in the treatment of PDAC was proved confirming the high potential application of the proposed macromolecula system in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Vittorio
- NEST Scuola Normale Superiore & Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR Piazza San Silvestro, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Taccola L, Raffa V, Riggio C, Vittorio O, Iorio MC, Vanacore R, Pietrabissa A, Cuschieri A. Zinc oxide nanoparticles as selective killers of proliferating cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1129-40. [PMID: 21698081 PMCID: PMC3118687 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has recently been demonstrated that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) induce death of cancerous cells whilst having no cytotoxic effect on normal cells. However, there are several issues which need to be resolved before translation of zinc oxide nanoparticles into medical use, including lack of suitable biocompatible dispersion protocols and a better understanding being needed of the mechanism of their selective cytotoxic action. Methods: Nanoparticle dose affecting cell viability was evaluated in a model of proliferating cells both experimentally and mathematically. The key issue of selective toxicity of ZnO NPs toward proliferating cells was addressed by experiments using a biological model of noncancerous cells, ie, mesenchymal stem cells before and after cell differentiation to the osteogenic lineage. Results: In this paper, we report a biocompatible protocol for preparation of stable aqueous solutions of monodispersed zinc oxide nanoparticles. We found that the threshold of intracellular ZnO NP concentration required to induce cell death in proliferating cells is 0.4 ± 0.02 mM. Finally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the threshold dose of zinc oxide nanoparticles was lethal to proliferating pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells but exhibited negligible cytotoxic effects to osteogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Results confirm the ZnO NP selective cytotoxic action on rapidly proliferating cells, whether benign or malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuba Taccola
- Department of Oncology, Transplantation and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mitochondrial ROS production under cellular stress: comparison of different detection methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2383-90. [PMID: 21336935 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes. However, overproduction of ROS under various cellular stresses results in cell death and organ injury and thus contributes to a broad spectrum of diseases and pathological conditions. The existence of different cellular sources for ROS and the distinct properties of individual ROS (their reactivity, lifetime, etc.) require adequate detection methods. We therefore compared different models of cellular stress and various ROS-sensitive dyes-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), MitoSOX™, and MitoTracker® red CM-H(2)XRos-using a confocal fluorescent imaging approach, which has the advantage of not only detecting but also of localizing intracellular sources for ROS. Confocal acquisition of DCF-DA fluorescence can be combined with ROS detection by the mitochondria-specific probes MitoSOX™ and MitoTracker® red CM-H(2)XRos. Specificity was controlled using various antioxidants such as Trolox and N-acetylcysteine. Using different fluorescent ROS-sensitive probes, we detected higher ROS production equally under cell starvation (IL-3 or serum depletion), hypoxia-reoxygenation, or treatment of cells with prooxidants. The detected increase in ROS was approximately threefold in IL-3-depleted 32D cells, approximately 3.5-fold in serum-deprived NIH cells, and 2.5-fold to threefold in hypoxic HL-1 cells, and these findings agree well with previously published spectrofluorometric measurements. In some cases, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used for the validation of results from confocal fluorescent imaging. Our data show that confocal fluorescent imaging and ESR data are in good agreement. Under cellular stress, mitochondrial ROS are released into the cytoplasm and may participate in many processes, but they do not escape from the cell.
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Laguerre M, Decker EA, Lecomte J, Villeneuve P. Methods for evaluating the potency and efficacy of antioxidants. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:518-25. [PMID: 20601864 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833aff12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to present a brief panorama of the most widely used methods and of new analytical approaches for evaluating antioxidant capacity and to discuss them in terms of advantages and drawbacks. RECENT FINDINGS To date, many in-vitro tests are available from the chemical assay performed in a homogenous solution such as oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay to more complex cell-based methods using exogenic probes to detect oxidation. In complement to these existing methods, novel approaches have recently been developed such as the conjugated autoxidizable triene assay implemented in emulsions and using tung oil as ultraviolet probe. SUMMARY The complexity and diverse range of research topics investigated have led to the development of a multitude of tests, but unfortunately none of them are universal. Thus, one of the major challenges is to know which method is best suited for a particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Laguerre
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Chenoweth Laboratory, Amherst, MA, USA
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Vittorio O, Raffa V, Cuschieri A. Influence of purity and surface oxidation on cytotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with human neuroblastoma cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:424-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oude Ophuis RJA, Wijers M, Bennink MB, van de Loo FAJ, Fransen JAM, Wieringa B, Wansink DG. A tail-anchored myotonic dystrophy protein kinase isoform induces perinuclear clustering of mitochondria, autophagy, and apoptosis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8024. [PMID: 19946639 PMCID: PMC2778554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene and gene products have thus far mainly concentrated on the fate of length mutation in the (CTG)n repeat at the DNA level and consequences of repeat expansion at the RNA level in DM1 patients and disease models. Surprisingly little is known about the function of DMPK protein products. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate here that transient expression of one major protein product of the human gene, the hDMPK A isoform with a long tail anchor, results in mitochondrial fragmentation and clustering in the perinuclear region. Clustering occurred in a variety of cell types and was enhanced by an intact tubulin cytoskeleton. In addition to morphomechanical changes, hDMPK A expression induces physiological changes like loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased autophagy activity, and leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space accompanied by apoptosis. Truncation analysis using YFP-hDMPK A fusion constructs revealed that the protein's tail domain was necessary and sufficient to evoke mitochondrial clustering behavior. Conclusion/Significance Our data suggest that the expression level of the DMPK A isoform needs to be tightly controlled in cells where the hDMPK gene is expressed. We speculate that aberrant splice isoform expression might be a codetermining factor in manifestation of specific DM1 features in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J. A. Oude Ophuis
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda B. Bennink
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fons A. J. van de Loo
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A. M. Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derick G. Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The use of low levels of visible or near infrared light for reducing pain, inflammation and edema, promoting healing of wounds, deeper tissues and nerves, and preventing cell death and tissue damage has been known for over forty years since the invention of lasers. Despite many reports of positive findings from experiments conducted in vitro, in animal models and in randomized controlled clinical trials, LLLT remains controversial in mainstream medicine. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the positive effects are incompletely understood, and the complexity of rationally choosing amongst a large number of illumination parameters such as wavelength, fluence, power density, pulse structure and treatment timing has led to the publication of a number of negative studies as well as many positive ones. A biphasic dose response has been frequently observed where low levels of light have a much better effect on stimulating and repairing tissues than higher levels of light. The so-called Arndt-Schulz curve is frequently used to describe this biphasic dose response. This review will cover the molecular and cellular mechanisms in LLLT, and describe some of our recent results in vitro and in vivo that provide scientific explanations for this biphasic dose response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Kim JH, Mahoney N, Chan KL, Molyneux RJ, May GS, Campbell BC. Chemosensitization of fungal pathogens to antimicrobial agents using benzo analogs. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 281:64-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Manconi M, Isola R, Falchi AM, Sinico C, Fadda AM. Intracellular distribution of fluorescent probes delivered by vesicles of different lipidic composition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 57:143-51. [PMID: 17339103 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to study mechanisms involved in liposome-cell interaction, this work attempted to assess the influence of vesicle composition on the delivery of liposomal content to Hela cells. In particular, to evaluate pH-sensitive properties and cell interaction of the prepared liposomes, the lipid formulations contained cholesterol (Chol) and they were varied by using phosphatidylcholines with different purity degree: soy lecithin (SL; 80% phosphatidylcholine), a commercial mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine (P90; 90% phosphatidylcholine) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC; 99% of purity). A second series of liposomes also contained stearylamine (SA). Dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) were prepared and then sonicated to decrease vesicle size. Vesicle-cell interactions and liposomal uptake were examined by fluorescence microscopy using carboxyfluorescein (CF) and phosphatidylethanolamine-dioleoyl-sulforhodamine B (Rho-PE) as fluorescent markers. Fluorescence dequenching assay was used to study the influence of pH on CF release from the liposomal formulations. Liposome adhesion on the cell surface and internalization were strongly dependent on vesicle bilayer composition. SA vesicles were not endocytosed. DPPC/Chol liposomes were endocytosed but did not release their fluorescent content into the cytosol. SL/Chol and P90/Chol formulations displayed a diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence of liposomal marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manconi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, Italy
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Schuessel K, Frey C, Jourdan C, Keil U, Weber CC, Müller-Spahn F, Müller WE, Eckert A. Aging sensitizes toward ROS formation and lipid peroxidation in PS1M146L transgenic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:850-62. [PMID: 16520237 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the presenilins (PS) account for the majority of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases. To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress can underlie the deleterious effects of presenilin mutations, we analyzed lipid peroxidation products (4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defenses in brain tissue and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in splenic lymphocytes from transgenic mice bearing human PS1 with the M146L mutation (PS1M146L) compared to those from mice transgenic for wild-type human PS1 (PS1wt) and nontransgenic littermate control mice. In brain tissue, HNE levels were increased only in aged (19-22 months) PS1M146L transgenic animals compared to PS1wt mice and not in young (3-4 months) or middle-aged mice (13-15 months). Similarly, in splenic lymphocytes expressing the transgenic PS1 proteins, mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS levels were elevated to 142.1 and 120.5% relative to controls only in cells from aged PS1M146L animals. Additionally, brain tissue HNE levels were positively correlated with mitochondrial ROS levels in splenic lymphocytes, indicating that oxidative stress can be detected in different tissues of PS1 transgenic mice. Antioxidant defenses (activities of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx, or GR) or susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stimulation was unaltered. In summary, these results demonstrate that the PS1M146L mutation increases mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage in aged mice. Hence, oxidative stress caused by the combined effects of aging and PS1 mutations may be causative for triggering neurodegenerative events in FAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schuessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocentre, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
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Krumschnabel G, Manzl C, Berger C, Hofer B. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition, and cell death in Cu-exposed trout hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 209:62-73. [PMID: 15882883 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that, in trout hepatocytes, exposure to a high dose of copper (Cu) leads to disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis and elevated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with the latter ultimately causing cell death. In the present study, we aimed at identifying, using a lower Cu concentration, the role of mitochondria in this scenario, the potential involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and the mode of cell death induced by the metal. Incubation with 10 muM Cu resulted in a strong stimulation of ROS formation, and after 2 h of exposure a significant increase of both apoptotic and necrotic cells was seen. Co-incubation of Cu-treated hepatocytes with the iron-chelator deferoxamine significantly inhibited ROS production and completely prevented cell death. The origin of the radicals generated was at least partly mitochondrial, as visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, ROS production was diminished by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, but since this also aggravated the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) induced by Cu, it did not preserve cell viability. In a sub-population of cells, Cu induced a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and occurrence of the MPT. Cyclosporin A, which did not inhibit ROS formation, prevented the onset of the MPT and inhibited apoptotic, but not necrotic, cell death. Cu-induced apoptosis therefore appears to be dependent on induction of the MPT, but the prominent contribution of mitochondria to ROS generation also suggests an important role of mitochondria in necrotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Krumschnabel
- Institut für Zoologie und Limnologie and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Abteilung für Okophysiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Falchi AM, Isola R, Diana A, Putzolu M, Diaz G. Characterization of depolarization and repolarization phases of mitochondrial membrane potential fluctuations induced by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester photoactivation. FEBS J 2005; 272:1649-59. [PMID: 15794752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Depolarization and repolarization phases (D and R phases, respectively) of mitochondrial potential fluctuations induced by photoactivation of the fluorescent probe tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) were analyzed separately and investigated using specific inhibitors and substrates. The frequency of R phases was significantly inhibited by oligomycin and aurovertin (mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors), rotenone (mitochondrial complex I inhibitor) and iodoacetic acid (inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Succinic acid (mitochondrial complex II substrate, given in the permeable form of dimethyl ester) abolished the rotenone-induced inhibition of R phases. Taken together, these findings indicate that the activity of both respiratory chain and ATP synthase were required for the recovery of the mitochondrial potential. The frequency of D phases prevailed over that of R phases in all experimental conditions, resulting in a progressive depolarization of mitochondria accompanied by NAD(P)H oxidation and Ca2+ influx. D phases were not blocked by cyclosporin A (inhibitor of the permeability transition pore) or o-phenyl-EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), suggesting that the permeability transition pore was not involved in mitochondrial potential fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Falchi
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Bailey SR, Mitra S, Flavahan S, Flavahan NA. Reactive oxygen species from smooth muscle mitochondria initiate cold-induced constriction of cutaneous arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H243-50. [PMID: 15764673 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01305.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cold constricts cutaneous blood vessels by selectively increasing the activity of smooth muscle alpha2-adrenoceptors (alpha2-ARs). In mouse tail arteries, alpha2-AR constriction is mediated by alpha2A-ARs at 37 degrees C, whereas the cold-induced augmentation in alpha2-AR activity is mediated entirely by alpha2C-ARs. Cold causes translocation of alpha2C-ARs from the trans-Golgi to the plasma membrane, mediated by cold-induced activation of RhoA and Rho kinase. The present experiments analyzed the mechanisms underlying these responses. Mouse tail arteries were studied in a pressure myograph. Cooling the arteries (28 degrees C) caused a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in smooth muscle cells, determined by confocal microscopy of arteries loaded with the ROS-sensitive probes, dichlorodihydrofluorescein or reduced Mitotracker Red. The inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I rotenone (10 micromol/l), the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 20 mmol/l), or the cell-permeable mimic of superoxide dismutase MnTMPyP (50 micromol/l) did not affect vasoconstriction to alpha2-AR stimulation (UK-14304) at 37 degrees C but dramatically inhibited the response at 28 degrees C. Indeed, these ROS inhibitors abolished the cold-induced increase in alpha2-AR constrictor activity. NAC (20 mmol/l) or MnTMPyP (50 micromol/l) also abolished the cold-induced activation of RhoA in human cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and the cold-induced mobilization of alpha2C-ARs to the cell surface in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with the receptor. The combined results suggest that cold-induced constriction is mediated by redox signaling in smooth muscle cells, initiated by mitochondrial generation of ROS, which stimulate RhoA/Rho kinase signaling and the subsequent mobilization of alpha2C-ARs to the cell surface. Altered activity of ROS may contribute to cold-induced vasospasm occurring in Raynaud's phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Bailey
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, R 110E, The Ohio State Univ., 473 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Otani K, Korenaga M, Beard MR, Li K, Qian T, Showalter LA, Singh AK, Wang T, Weinman SA. Hepatitis C virus core protein, cytochrome P450 2E1, and alcohol produce combined mitochondrial injury and cytotoxicity in hepatoma cells. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:96-107. [PMID: 15633127 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver injury in chronic hepatitis C, and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress is one possible mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine whether hepatitis C virus core protein and alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 contribute to reactive oxygen species production and cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells. METHODS Huh-7 cells expressing core protein, cytochrome P450 2E1, or both were exposed to 0.1 mmol/L tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and/or 25 mmol/L ethanol. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, glutathione content, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. RESULTS Expression of core/cytochrome P450 2E1 synergistically enhanced cell death induced by either tertiary butyl hydroperoxide or tumor necrosis factor alpha. After tertiary butyl hydroperoxide treatment, total reactive oxygen species production was increased more than 3-fold compared with cells that did not express core and cytochrome P450 2E1. Mitochondrial depolarization and reduced glutathione depletion occurred as well, and cell death was prevented by inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition or caspase activity. Confocal microscopy showed that the mitochondria themselves were the origin of the reactive oxygen species. In the absence of core/cytochrome P450 2E1 expression, mitochondrial changes and cell death did not occur. Ethanol treatment further decreased mitochondrial reduced glutathione content and exacerbated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, depolarization, and cell death. All these effects were prevented by the antioxidant N -acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production is induced by hepatitis C virus core and cytochrome P450 2E1, resulting in a reduction of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and sensitivity to oxidants and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Alcohol further depletes mitochondrial reduced glutathione, which exacerbates depolarization and cell death. Sensitization of mitochondria to oxidative insults is thus a potential mechanism for alcohol-related exacerbation of liver injury in chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Otani
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0632, USA
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Asan E, Drenckhahn D. News and views in Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:593-621. [PMID: 15614519 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in histochemical methodology and ingenious applications of novel and improved methods continue to confirm the standing of morphological means and approaches in research efforts, and contribute significantly to increasing our knowledge about structures and functions in all areas of the life sciences from cell biology to pathology. Reports published during recent months documenting this progress are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Asan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Uggeri J, Gatti R, Belletti S, Scandroglio R, Corradini R, Rotoli BM, Orlandini G. Calcein-AM is a detector of intracellular oxidative activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2004; 122:499-505. [PMID: 15503120 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-004-0712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcein-acetoxymethylester (calcein-AM) is a non-fluorescent, cell permeant compound, which is converted by intracellular esterases into calcein, an anionic fluorescent form. It is used in microscopy and fluorometry and provides both morphological and functional information of viable cells. In this study we have tested the response of calcein-AM to oxidation. In cell-free fluorometric assays, H2O2 and xanthine-xanthine oxidase induced a dose-dependent emission of the AM form but had no effects on calcein. Fluorometric and confocal microscopy tests on human fibroblasts confirmed that the cell permeant AM form is the actual sensor since its removal from culture medium, and its consequent back-diffusion, made the system insensitive to oxidative stimuli. In time-lapse confocal microscopy, calcein-AM detected changes in the intracellular redox state following direct oxidation (H2O2, xanthine-xanthine oxidase) and phorbol ester treatment. Comparative tests showed that calcein-AM sensitivity to oxidation is about one order of magnitude higher than other fluorescein derivatives. The absence of leakage, due to the presence of the probe in the extracellular compartment, and its low toxicity allow to perform experiments for prolonged times following the response to the same or different stimuli repeatedly applied. We propose calcein-AM as a sensitive tool for intracellular ROS generation in living cells with useful applications for real-time imaging in confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Uggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Histology Section, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Asan E. Innovative techniques and applications in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2003; 120:523-48. [PMID: 14648132 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-003-0604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies documenting novel histochemical methods and applications in cell biology and in other areas of the life sciences have again rendered insights into structure and functions of tissues, cells, and cellular components to the level of proteins and genes. Particularly, sophisticated microscopic techniques have proved to be able to significantly advance our knowledge. Findings of recent investigations representing this progress are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Asan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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