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Bátora D, Fischer J, Kaderli RM, Varga M, Lochner M, Gertsch J. Silicon-Rhodamine Functionalized Evocalcet Probes Potently and Selectively Label Calcium Sensing Receptors In Vitro, In Vivo, and Ex Vivo. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1557-1570. [PMID: 38751613 PMCID: PMC11091967 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a ubiquitously expressed G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates extracellular calcium signals via the parathyroid glands. CaSR has recently also been implicated in noncalcitropic pathophysiologies like asthma, gut inflammation, and cancer. To date, molecular tools that enable the bioimaging of CaSR in tissues are lacking. Based on in silico analyses of available structure-activity relationship data on CaSR ligands, we designed and prepared silicon-rhodamine (SiR) conjugates of the clinically approved drug evocalcet. The new probes EvoSiR4 and EvoSiR6, with differing linker lengths at the evocalcet carboxyl end, both showed a 6-fold and 3-fold increase in potency toward CaSR (EC50 < 45 nM) compared to evocalcet and the evocalcet-linker conjugate, respectively, in an FLIPR-based cellular functional assay. The specificity of the EvoSiR probes toward CaSR binding and the impact of albumin was evaluated in live cell experiments. Both probes showed strong albumin binding, which facilitated the clearance of nonspecific binding interactions. Accordingly, in zebrafish embryos, EvoSiR4 specifically labeled the high CaSR expressing neuromasts of the lateral line in vivo. EvoSiR4 was also assessed in human parathyroid tissues ex vivo, showing a specific absolute CaSR-associated fluorescence compared to that of parathyroid autofluorescence. In summary, functionalization of evocalcet by SiR led to the preparation of potent and specific fluorescent CaSR probes. EvoSiR4 is a versatile small-molecular probe that can be employed in CaSR-related biomedical analyses where antibodies are not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bátora
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate
School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme
P. Fischer
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto M. Kaderli
- Department
of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital,
Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Máté Varga
- Department
of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd
University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Kumar A, Nahak BK, Gupta P, Santra TS, Tseng FG. Laser-Induced Intracellular Delivery: Exploiting Gold-Coated Spiky Polymeric Nanoparticles and Gold Nanorods under Near-Infrared Pulses for Single-Cell Nano-Photon-Poration. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:168. [PMID: 38398898 PMCID: PMC10890628 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of laser-induced nano-photon-poration as a non-invasive technique for the intracellular delivery of micro/macromolecules at the single-cell level. This research proposes the utilization of gold-coated spiky polymeric nanoparticles (Au-PNPs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) to achieve efficient intracellular micro/macromolecule delivery at the single-cell level. By shifting the operating wavelength towards the near-infrared (NIR) range, the intracellular delivery efficiency and viability of Au-PNP-mediated photon-poration are compared to those using GNR-mediated intracellular delivery. Employing Au-PNPs as mediators in conjunction with nanosecond-pulsed lasers, a highly efficient intracellular delivery, while preserving high cell viability, is demonstrated. Laser pulses directed at Au-PNPs generate over a hundred hot spots per particle through plasmon resonance, facilitating the formation of photothermal vapor nanobubbles (PVNBs). These PVNBs create transient pores, enabling the gentle transfer of cargo from the extracellular to the intracellular milieu, without inducing deleterious effects in the cells. The optimization of wavelengths in the NIR region, coupled with low laser fluence (27 mJ/cm2) and nanoparticle concentrations (34 µg/mL), achieves outstanding delivery efficiencies (96%) and maintains high cell viability (up to 99%) across the various cell types, including cancer and neuronal cells. Importantly, sustained high cell viability (90-95%) is observed even 48 h post laser exposure. This innovative development holds considerable promise for diverse applications, encompassing drug delivery, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. This study underscores the efficiency and versatility of the proposed technique, positioning it as a valuable tool for advancing intracellular delivery strategies in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
| | - Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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3
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Kang C, Yun WS, Jeong YM. A simple and rapid assay of lysosomal-targeting CDy6 for long-term real-time viability assessments in 2D and 3D in vitro culture models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23038. [PMID: 38155155 PMCID: PMC10754854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CDy6, a BODIPY-derived compound, is used to label lysosomes and visualize proliferating cells. However, its effectiveness in long-term, real-time cell viability assays using 2D or 3D cell culture models is unclear. We evaluated the suitability of CDy6 by assessing cell health using human keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines in both models. Cells were stained with CDy6 or other dyes and fluorescent images were obtained with confocal microscopy. CLV extracts derived from CDy6-stained HaCaT cells were also dissolved with DMSO and analyzed using a spectrometer. Furthermore, we added CDy6-stained collagen hydrogels to CCD-986sk cells, loaded them into a frame construction to establish a 3D dermal layer for long-term culture, and analyzed the status of the CLVs. The CLV method, also measured using a spectrometer, yielded results similar to MTT assay for validating viability. In contrast to calcein AM staining, the CLV method allows for both absorbance measurement and imaging under short-term and long-term culture conditions with less cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the CLV method provides a simple and sensitive tool for assessing the status of live cells in 2D and 3D in vitro cell culture models and can be used as an alternative to animal testing, such as with 3D artificial skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhan Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tech University of Korea, 237 Sangidaehak Street, Si-Heung City, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Soo Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tech University of Korea, 237 Sangidaehak Street, Si-Heung City, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tech University of Korea, 237 Sangidaehak Street, Si-Heung City, Republic of Korea.
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S MSM, Malathi S, Varadharaj S, Arul KT, Verma RS, Ramya JR, Asokan K, Krishna JBM, Kalkura SN, S MB. Tuning the physiochemical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite films by gamma irradiation for biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213679. [PMID: 37944450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiochemical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HAp) composites were investigated in the pristine and after irradiation of γ rays (25, 50, 75, and 100 kGy). PCL-HAp composites were synthesized by solvent evaporation and characterized using spectroscopic methods as well as biological assays. The surface roughness (RMS) of the irradiated composite film (at 75 kGy) was 80 times higher than that of the pristine. Irradiation tailors the contact angle of the films from 77° to 90° (at 100 kGy). A decrease in particle size (at 100 kGy) of HAp nanorods in PCL-HAp composites film was observed. The XRD peak of PCL was slightly shifted from 21.2° to 21.7° (at 100 kGy) with the decrease in crystallite size. The peak intensity of the PCL and HAp altered on irradiation that was confirmed by FTIR and Raman analysis. Further, the bandgap of the irradiated film was lowered by 13 % (at 25 kGy). The luminescence intensity decreased due to the non-radiative process induced by the irradiation defects. All the samples possess hemocompatibility percentage of <10 % as per ASTM standards. At 75 kGy, fibroblast cell proliferation was higher than the pristine and other doses. The gamma-irradiated PCL-HAp composite films are potential candidates for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Malathi
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Varadharaj
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Thanigai Arul
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Ramana Ramya
- Department of periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Asokan
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, ArunaAsaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India; Department of Physics & Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007, India
| | - J B M Krishna
- Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata 700 098, West Bengal, India
| | - S Narayana Kalkura
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moorthy Babu S
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abedin Zadeh M, Alany RG, Satarian L, Shavandi A, Abdullah Almousa M, Brocchini S, Khoder M. Maillard Reaction Crosslinked Alginate-Albumin Scaffolds for Enhanced Fenofibrate Delivery to the Retina: A Promising Strategy to Treat RPE-Related Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051330. [PMID: 37242572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited treatments currently available for retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cell-based therapy holds great promise in treating these degenerative diseases. Three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds have gained attention for tissue restoration by mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM). The scaffolds can deliver therapeutic agents to the retina, potentially overcoming current treatment limitations and minimizing secondary complications. In the present study, 3D scaffolds made up of alginate and bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing fenofibrate (FNB) were prepared by freeze-drying technique. The incorporation of BSA enhanced the scaffold porosity due to its foamability, and the Maillard reaction increased crosslinking degree between ALG with BSA resulting in a robust scaffold with thicker pore walls with a compression modulus of 13.08 KPa suitable for retinal regeneration. Compared with ALG and ALG-BSA physical mixture scaffolds, ALG-BSA conjugated scaffolds had higher FNB loading capacity, slower release of FNB in the simulated vitreous humour and less swelling in water and buffers, and better cell viability and distribution when tested with ARPE-19 cells. These results suggest that ALG-BSA MR conjugate scaffolds may be a promising option for implantable scaffolds for drug delivery and retinal disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abedin Zadeh
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Leila Satarian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mouhamad Khoder
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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Yang B, Wang C, Liang X, Li J, Li S, Wu JJ, Su T, Li J. Label-Free Sensing of Cell Viability Using a Low-Cost Impedance Cytometry Device. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020407. [PMID: 36838107 PMCID: PMC9963508 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability is an essential physiological status for drug screening. While cell staining is a conventional cell viability analysis method, dye staining is usually cytotoxic. Alternatively, impedance cytometry provides a straightforward and label-free sensing approach for the assessment of cell viability. A key element of impedance cytometry is its sensing electrodes. Most state-of-the-art electrodes are made of expensive metals, microfabricated by lithography, with a typical size of ten microns. In this work, we proposed a low-cost microfluidic impedance cytometry device with 100-micron wide indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to achieve a comparable performance to the 10-micron wide Au electrodes. The effectiveness was experimentally verified as 7 μm beads can be distinguished from 10 μm beads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest geometry ratio of the target to the sensing unit in the impedance cytometry technology. Furthermore, a cell viability test was performed on MCF-7 cells. The proposed double differential impedance cytometry device has successfully differentiated the living and dead MCF-7 cells with a throughput of ~1000 cells/s. The label-free and low-cost, high-throughput impedance cytometry could benefit drug screening, fundamental biological research and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jinchao Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Tanbin Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
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He H, Wu J, Liang M, Xiao Y, Wei X, Cao Y, Chen Z, Lin T, Ye M. Cuprous oxide-based nanocrystals with combined chemo/chemodynamic therapy to increase tumor drug sensitivity by reducing mitochondria-derived adenosine-triphosphate. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3134-3141. [PMID: 36154354 PMCID: PMC9518603 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumor is a serious disease with high mortality rates and morbidity rates worldwide. Chemotherapy is a key treatment for GI, however, systematic side effects and inevitable drug resistance complicate the situation. In the process of therapy, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) could remove chemotherapy drugs from cells, thus causing multi-drug resistance. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizing Fenton chemistry has been used for cancer therapy, along with various combination therapies. The reactive oxygen species produced by CDT could inhibit P-gp’s efflux pump function, which reduce chemoagents excretion and reverse drug resistance. In the present study, we developed novel nanocrystals (Cu2O@Pt NCs) to overcome drug resistance by reducing mitochondria-derived ATP through chemo/CDT in GI cancer. Furthermore, in vivo results in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that treatment with Cu2O@Pt NCs with CDT and chemotherapy could achieve the most effective antitumor therapeutic effect with the least amounts of adverse effects. As a result, Cu2O@Pt NCs could provide a promising strategy for chemo/CDT-synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran He
- The Second People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Guangdong Provincial People's Hosptial's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Oncology, Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuejian Wei
- The Second People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Guangdong Provincial People's Hosptial's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuqin Cao
- The Second People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Guangdong Provincial People's Hosptial's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miaosheng Ye
- The Second People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Guangdong Provincial People's Hosptial's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
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Toft-Bertelsen TL, Barbuskaite D, Heerfordt EK, Lolansen SD, Andreassen SN, Rostgaard N, Olsen MH, Norager NH, Capion T, Rath MF, Juhler M, MacAulay N. Lysophosphatidic acid as a CSF lipid in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that drives CSF accumulation via TRPV4-induced hyperactivation of NKCC1. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 36068581 PMCID: PMC9450297 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A range of neurological pathologies may lead to secondary hydrocephalus. Treatment has largely been limited to surgical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, as specific and efficient pharmacological options are lacking, partly due to the elusive molecular nature of the CSF secretion apparatus and its regulatory properties in physiology and pathophysiology. Methods CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and rats with experimentally inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was analyzed for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by alpha-LISA. We employed the in vivo rat model to determine the effect of LPA on ventricular size and brain water content, and to reveal the effect of activation and inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel on intracranial pressure and CSF secretion rate. LPA-mediated modulation of TRPV4 was determined with electrophysiology and an ex vivo radio-isotope assay was employed to determine the effect of these modulators on choroid plexus transport. Results Elevated levels of LPA were observed in CSF obtained from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and from rats with experimentally-inflicted intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Intraventricular administration of LPA caused elevated brain water content and ventriculomegaly in experimental rats, via its action as an agonist of the choroidal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel. TRPV4 was revealed as a novel regulator of ICP in experimental rats via its ability to modulate the CSF secretion rate through its direct activation of the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) implicated in CSF secretion. Conclusions Together, our data reveal that a serum lipid present in brain pathologies with hemorrhagic events promotes CSF hypersecretion and ensuing brain water accumulation via its direct action on TRPV4 and its downstream regulation of NKCC1. TRPV4 may therefore be a promising future pharmacological target for pathologies involving brain water accumulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine L Toft-Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagne Barbuskaite
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Kjer Heerfordt
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Norge Andreassen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas H Norager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Capion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lolansen SD, Rostgaard N, Barbuskaite D, Capion T, Olsen MH, Norager NH, Vilhardt F, Andreassen SN, Toft-Bertelsen TL, Ye F, Juhler M, Keep RF, MacAulay N. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus associates with elevated inflammation and CSF hypersecretion via activation of choroidal transporters. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:62. [PMID: 35948938 PMCID: PMC9367104 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) often develops following hemorrhagic events such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Treatment is limited to surgical diversion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) since no efficient pharmacological therapies are available. This limitation follows from our incomplete knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ventriculomegaly characteristic of PHH. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular coupling between a hemorrhagic event and the subsequent PHH development, and reveal the inflammatory profile of the PHH pathogenesis. METHODS CSF obtained from patients with SAH was analyzed for inflammatory markers using the proximity extension assay (PEA) technique. We employed an in vivo rat model of IVH to determine ventricular size, brain water content, intracranial pressure, and CSF secretion rate, as well as for transcriptomic analysis. Ex vivo radio-isotope assays of choroid plexus transport were employed to determine the direct effect of choroidal exposure to blood and inflammatory markers, both with acutely isolated choroid plexus and after prolonged exposure obtained with viable choroid plexus kept in tissue culture conditions. RESULTS The rat model of IVH demonstrated PHH and associated CSF hypersecretion. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity was enhanced in choroid plexus isolated from IVH rats, but not directly stimulated by blood components. Inflammatory markers that were elevated in SAH patient CSF acted on immune receptors upregulated in IVH rat choroid plexus and caused Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) hyperactivity in ex vivo experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS CSF hypersecretion may contribute to PHH development, likely due to hyperactivity of choroid plexus transporters. The hemorrhage-induced inflammation detected in CSF and in the choroid plexus tissue may represent the underlying pathology. Therapeutic targeting of such pathways may be employed in future treatment strategies towards PHH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagne Barbuskaite
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Capion
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas H Norager
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Norge Andreassen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine L Toft-Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Synergistic interactions of repurposed drugs that inhibit Nsp1, a major virulence factor for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10174. [PMID: 35715434 PMCID: PMC9204075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nsp1 is one of the first proteins expressed from the SARS-CoV-2 genome and is a major virulence factor for COVID-19. A rapid multiplexed assay for detecting the action of Nsp1 was developed in cultured lung cells. The assay is based on the acute cytopathic effects induced by Nsp1. Virtual screening was used to stratify compounds that interact with two functional Nsp1 sites: the RNA-binding groove and C-terminal helix-loop-helix region. Experimental screening focused on compounds that could be readily repurposed to treat COVID-19. Multiple synergistic combinations of compounds that significantly inhibited Nsp1 action were identified. Among the most promising combinations are Ponatinib, Rilpivirine, and Montelukast, which together, reversed the toxic effects of Nsp1 to the same extent as null mutations in the Nsp1 gene.
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11
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Rajkumar A, Luu T, Hales BF, Robaire B. High Content Imaging Analyses of the Effects of Bisphenols and Organophosphate Esters on TM4 Mouse Sertoli Cells. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:858-868. [PMID: 35596243 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptive effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and brominated flame retardants (BDE-47) have led to restrictions to their use and increased the pressure to identify safe replacements for these chemicals. Although there is evidence that some of these alternatives may be toxic to spermatogonial and Leydig cells, little is known about the toxicity of emerging replacements on Sertoli cells, one of the major testicular cell types. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of legacy chemicals, BPA and BDE-47, to their corresponding replacements. TM4 Sertoli cells were exposed for 48 h to each chemical (0.001-100 μM) followed by cytotoxicity and phenotypic endpoint assessment. The benchmark concentration (BMC) potency ranking for bisphenols based on cytotoxicity was BPTMC>BPM > BPAF>BPF > BPS > BPA. Human administered equivalent dose (AED) determination ranked BPS as most potent alternative replacement studied. The BMC potency ranking of BDE-47 and organophosphate esters based on cytotoxicity was TDtBPP>BDMPP>TBOEP>TDCPP>TMPP>TPHP> BDE47 > IPPP=BPDP = TCPP. Additionally, TM4 cell exposure to BDE-47 increased Calcein intensity (57.9 μM) and affected lysosomes (21.6 μM), while exposure to TPHP and TMPP resulted in cellular oxidative stress changes at BMC values as low as 0.01 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively. Overall bioactivity considerations of the chemicals on TM4 via ToxPi analyses and AED modeling further validated emerging replacements as highly potent chemicals in comparison to BPA and BDE-47. These findings demonstrate that many bisphenol and flame retardant replacements are more potent in Sertoli cells than the legacy chemical they are replacing, and that phenotypic parameter assessment is an effective tool in chemical toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Trang Luu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1Y6.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. H3G 1Y6
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12
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Sung HW, Choi SE, Chu CH, Ouyang M, Kalyan S, Scott N, Hur SC. Sensitizing drug-resistant cancer cells from blood using microfluidic electroporator. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264907. [PMID: 35259174 PMCID: PMC8903260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct assessment of patient samples holds unprecedented potential in the treatment of cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in liquid biopsies are a rapidly evolving source of primary cells in the clinic and are ideal candidates for functional assays to uncover real-time tumor information in real-time. However, a lack of routines allowing direct and active interrogation of CTCs directly from liquid biopsy samples represents a bottleneck for the translational use of liquid biopsies in clinical settings. To address this, we present a workflow for using a microfluidic vortex-assisted electroporation system designed for the functional assessment of CTCs purified from blood. Validation of this approach was assessed through drug response assays on wild-type (HCC827 wt) and gefitinib-resistant (HCC827 GR6) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. HCC827 cells trapped within microscale vortices were electroporated to sequentially deliver drug agents into the cytosol. Electroporation conditions facilitating multi-agent delivery were characterized for both cell lines using an automatic single-cell image fluorescence intensity algorithm. HCC827 GR6 cells spiked into the blood to emulate drug-resistant CTCs were able to be collected with high purity, demonstrating the ability of the device to minimize background cell impact for downstream sensitive cell assays. Using our proposed workflow, drug agent combinations to restore gefitinib sensitivity reflected the anticipated cytotoxic response. Taken together, these results represent a microfluidics multi-drug screening panel workflow that can enable functional interrogation of patient CTCs in situ, thereby accelerating the clinical standardization of liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris H. Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mengxing Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Srivathsan Kalyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathan Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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13
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Wang X, Luu T, Beal MA, Barton-Maclaren TS, Robaire B, Hales BF. The Effects of Organophosphate Esters Used as Flame Retardants and Plasticizers on Granulosa, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells Analyzed Using High-Content Imaging. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:269-287. [PMID: 35135005 PMCID: PMC8963303 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The replacement of regulated brominated flame retardants and plasticizers with organophosphate esters (OPEs) has led to their pervasive presence in the environment and in biological matrices. Further, there is evidence that exposure to some of these chemicals is associated with reproductive toxicity. Using a high-content imaging approach, we assessed the effects of exposure to 9 OPEs on cells related to reproductive function: KGN human granulosa cells, MA-10 mouse Leydig cells, and C18-4 mouse spermatogonial cells. The effects of OPEs were compared with those of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a legacy brominated flame retardant. Alterations in several important cell features, including cell survival, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, lysosomes, and lipid droplets, were analyzed. Most of the OPEs tested displayed higher cytotoxicity than BDE-47 in all 3 cell lines. Effects on phenotypic parameters were specific for each cell type. Several OPEs increased total mitochondria, decreased lysosomes, increased the total area of lipid droplets, and induced oxidative stress in KGN cells; these endpoints were differentially affected in MA-10 and C18-4 cells. Alterations in cell phenotypes were highly correlated in the 2 steroidogenic cell lines for a few triaryl OPEs. Potency ranking using 2 complementary approaches, Toxicological Prioritization Index analyses and the lowest benchmark concentration/administered equivalent dose method, revealed that while most of the OPEs tested were more potent than BDE-47, others showed little to no effect. We propose that these approaches serve as lines of evidence in a screening strategy to identify the potential for reproductive and endocrine effects of emerging chemicals and assist in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Trang Luu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marc A Beal
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 110, Montreal, QC H3G1Y6, Canada. E-mail:
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14
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Lei Y, Huang Y, Wen X, Yin Z, Zhang Z, Klionsky DJ. How Cells Deal with the Fluctuating Environment: Autophagy Regulation under Stress in Yeast and Mammalian Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020304. [PMID: 35204187 PMCID: PMC8868404 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells frequently experience fluctuations of the external and internal environments, such as changes in nutrient, energy and oxygen sources, and protein folding status, which, after reaching a particular threshold, become a type of stress. Cells develop several ways to deal with these various types of stress to maintain homeostasis and survival. Among the cellular survival mechanisms, autophagy is one of the most critical ways to mediate metabolic adaptation and clearance of damaged organelles. Autophagy is maintained at a basal level under normal growing conditions and gets stimulated by stress through different but connected mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the autophagy regulation mechanisms under multiple types of stress including nutrient, energy, oxidative, and ER stress in both yeast and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhangyuan Yin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lolansen SD, Rostgaard N, Andreassen SN, Simonsen AH, Juhler M, Hasselbalch SG, MacAulay N. Elevated CSF inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus do not promote NKCC1 hyperactivity in rat choroid plexus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:54. [PMID: 34863228 PMCID: PMC8645122 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially reversible neurological condition of unresolved etiology characterized by a clinical triad of symptoms; gait disturbances, urinary incontinence, and cognitive deterioration. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular coupling between inflammatory markers and development of iNPH and determine whether inflammation-induced hyperactivity of the choroidal Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) that is involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion could contribute to the iNPH pathogenesis. METHODS Lumbar CSF samples from 20 iNPH patients (10 with clinical improvement upon CSF shunting, 10 without clinical improvement) and 20 elderly control subjects were analyzed with the novel proximity extension assay technique for presence of 92 different inflammatory markers. RNA-sequencing was employed to delineate choroidal abundance of the receptors for the inflammatory markers found elevated in the CSF from iNPH patients. The ability of the elevated inflammatory markers to modulate choroidal NKCC1 activity was determined by addition of combinations of rat version of these in ex vivo experiments on rat choroid plexus. RESULTS 11 inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in the CSF from iNPH patients compared to elderly control subjects: CCL28, CCL23, CCL3, OPG, CXCL1, IL-18, IL-8, OSM, 4E-BP1, CXCL6, and Flt3L. One inflammatory marker, CDCP1, was significantly decreased in iNPH patients compared to control subjects. None of the inflammatory markers differed significantly when comparing iNPH patients with and without clinical improvement upon CSF shunting. All receptors for the elevated inflammatory markers were expressed in the rat and human choroid plexus, except CCR4 and CXCR1, which were absent from the rat choroid plexus. None of the elevated inflammatory markers found in the CSF from iNPH patients modulated the choroidal NKCC1 activity in ex vivo experiments on rat choroid plexus. CONCLUSION The CSF from iNPH patients contains elevated levels of a subset of inflammatory markers. Although the corresponding inflammatory receptors are, in general, expressed in the choroid plexus of rats and humans, their activation did not modulate the NKCC1-mediated fraction of choroidal CSF secretion ex vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying ventriculomegaly in iNPH, and the possible connection to inflammation, therefore remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rostgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Norge Andreassen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Salado-Leza D, Gonzalez C, Martínez Velázquez M, López Z, Bravo-Madrigal J, Knauth P, Flores-Hernández FY, Herrera-Rodríguez SE, Navarro RE, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Krötzsch E, Carvajal ZYG, Hernández-Gutiérrez R. Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Evaluation Models and Cancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1719. [PMID: 34684012 PMCID: PMC8537602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles are widely used to deliver bioactive molecules and drugs to improve cancer therapy. Several research works have highlighted the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry, using biological entities to minimize the use of solvents and control their physicochemical and biological properties. Recent advances in evaluating the anticancer effect of green biogenic Au and Ag nanoparticles are mainly focused on the use of conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo murine models that allow determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, a critical parameter to move forward clinical trials. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more human-like evaluation models or to improve the existing ones for a better understanding of the molecular bases of cancer. This review provides recent advances in biosynthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles for seven of the most common and relevant cancers and their biological assessment. In addition, it provides a general idea of the in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used for the anticancer evaluation of green biogenic metal-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tinajero-Díaz
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Daniela Salado-Leza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
- Cátedras CONACyT, México City 03940, Mexico
| | - Carmen Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (D.S.-L.); (C.G.)
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Zaira López
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jorge Bravo-Madrigal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Peter Knauth
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 47810, Mexico; (Z.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Flor Y. Flores-Hernández
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Sara Elisa Herrera-Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rosa E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, México City 14389, Mexico; (A.C.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Zaira Y. García Carvajal
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
| | - Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (M.M.V.); (J.B.-M.); (F.Y.F.-H.); (S.E.H.-R.)
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17
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Pflaum M, Merhej H, Peredo A, De A, Dipresa D, Wiegmann B, Wolkers W, Haverich A, Korossis S. Hypothermic preservation of endothelialized gas-exchange membranes. Artif Organs 2020; 44:e552-e565. [PMID: 32666514 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelialization of the blood contacting surfaces of blood-contacting medical devices, such as cardiovascular prostheses or biohybrid oxygenators, represents a plausible strategy for increasing their hemocompatibility. Nevertheless, isolation and expansion of autologous endothelial cells (ECs) usually requires multiple processing steps and time to obtain sufficient cell numbers. This excludes endothelialization from application in acute situations. Off-the-shelf availability of cell-seeded biohybrid devices could be potentially facilitated by hypothermic storage. In this study, the survival of cord-blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) that were seeded onto polymethylpentene (PMP) gas-exchange membranes and stored for up to 2 weeks in different commercially available and commonly used preservation media was measured. While storage at 4°C in normal growth medium (EGM-2) for 3 days resulted in massive disruption of the ECFC monolayer and a significant decline in viability, ECFC monolayers preserved in Chillprotec could recover after up to 14 days with negligible effects on their integrity and viability. ECFC monolayers preserved in Celsior, HTS-FRS, or Rokepie medium showed a significant decrease in viability after 7 days or longer periods. These results demonstrated the feasibility of hypothermic preservation of ECFC monolayers on gas-exchange membranes for up to 2 weeks, with potential application on the preservation of pre-endothelialized oxygenators and further biohybrid cardiovascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pflaum
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hayan Merhej
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Peredo
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adim De
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniele Dipresa
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem Wolkers
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Multiphase Processes, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, BREATH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Regenerative Engineering (CARE) Group, Centre for Biological Engineering (CBE), Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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18
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The Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on the Viability of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:518-526. [PMID: 32748327 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are polypeptides composed of less than 100 amino acids and are a class of antibiotics with strong activity against some infectious bacteria. This study examined the safety of four chosen antimicrobial peptides using primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and explored their potential therapeutic use. The efficacy of the peptides was also studied by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One of the peptides (polymyxin E) was found to have antibacterial efficacy against a common Gram-negative bacterium (MIC 1.56 μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and another one (nisin) was found to have antibacterial efficacy against a common Gram-positive bacterium (MIC 125 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus). Metabolic activity and live/dead/apoptotic effects were measured with fluorescent dyes after HCEC were exposed to the peptides for 30 min. Three of the peptides exhibited lower toxicity against HCEC than a currently marketed eye drop product. Regarding both efficacy and safety, two of the peptides (polymyxin E and nisin) were found to have potential use for treating ocular infections.
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19
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Aron M, Vince O, Gray M, Mannaris C, Stride E. Investigating the Role of Lipid Transfer in Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13205-13215. [PMID: 31517490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation, the permeabilization of cell membranes following exposure to microbubbles and ultrasound, has considerable potential for therapeutic delivery. To date, engineering of microbubbles for these applications has focused primarily upon optimizing microbubble size and stability, or attachment of targeting species and/or drug molecules. In this work, it is demonstrated that the microbubble coating can also be tailored to directly influence cell permeabilization. Specifically, lipid exchange mechanisms between phospholipid microbubbles and cells can be exploited to significantly increase sonoporation efficiency in vitro. A theoretical analysis of the energy required for pore formation was carried out. From this, it was hypothesized that sonoporation could be promoted by the transfer of lipid molecules with appropriate carbon chain length and/or shape (cylindrical or conical). Spectral imaging with a hydration-sensitive membrane probe (C-Laurdan) was used to measure changes in the membrane lipid order of A-549 cancer cells following exposure to suspensions of different phospholipids. Two candidate lipids were identified, a short-chain-length phospholipid (1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC)) and a medium-chain-length lysolipid (1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0 lyso-PC)). Microbubbles were prepared with matched concentrations, size distributions, and acoustic responses. Confocal microscopy was used to measure cell uptake of a model drug (propidium iodide) with and without ultrasound exposure (1 MHz, 250 kPa peak negative pressure, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, 10% duty cycle, 15 s exposure). Despite significantly decreasing the cell membrane lipid order, DLPC did not increase sonoporation. Microbubbles containing 16:0 lyso-PC, however, produced a ∼5-fold increase in sonoporation compared to control microbubbles. Importantly, the lyso-PC molecules were incorporated into the microbubble coating and did not affect cell permeability prior to ultrasound exposure. These findings indicate that microbubbles can be engineered to exploit lipid exchange between microbubble shells and cell membranes to enhance drug delivery, a new optimization route that may lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-mediated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Aron
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Oliver Vince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Christophoros Mannaris
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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20
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Yusuf A, Casey A. Evaluation of silver nanoparticle encapsulation in DPPC-based liposome by different methods for enhanced cytotoxicity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1626390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Yusuf
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Casey
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Kumar SS, Ghosh AR. Assessment of bacterial viability: a comprehensive review on recent advances and challenges. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:593-610. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi S. Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Khoo BL, Grenci G, Lim JSY, Lim YP, Fong J, Yeap WH, Bin Lim S, Chua SL, Wong SC, Yap YS, Lee SC, Lim CT, Han J. Low-dose anti-inflammatory combinatorial therapy reduced cancer stem cell formation in patient-derived preclinical models for tumour relapse prevention. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:407-423. [PMID: 30713340 PMCID: PMC6461953 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of drug-resistant cancer phenotypes is a challenge for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells are identified as one of the ways by which chemoresistance develops. Method We investigated the anti-inflammatory combinatorial treatment (DA) of doxorubicin and aspirin using a preclinical microfluidic model on cancer cell lines and patient-derived circulating tumour cell clusters. The model had been previously demonstrated to predict patient overall prognosis. Results We demonstrated that low-dose aspirin with a sub-optimal dose of doxorubicin for 72 h could generate higher killing efficacy and enhanced apoptosis. Seven days of DA treatment significantly reduced the proportion of cancer stem cells and colony-forming ability. DA treatment delayed the inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion, which is mediated by both COX-dependent and independent pathways. The response of patients varied due to clinical heterogeneity, with 62.5% and 64.7% of samples demonstrating higher killing efficacy or reduction in cancer stem cell (CSC) proportions after DA treatment, respectively. These results highlight the importance of using patient-derived models for drug discovery. Conclusions This preclinical proof of concept seeks to reduce the onset of CSCs generated post treatment by stressful stimuli. Our study will promote a better understanding of anti-inflammatory treatments for cancer and reduce the risk of relapse in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Sze Yun Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ping Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - July Fong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Mackay HL, Moore D, Hall C, Birkbak NJ, Jamal-Hanjani M, Karim SA, Phatak VM, Piñon L, Morton JP, Swanton C, Le Quesne J, Muller PAJ. Genomic instability in mutant p53 cancer cells upon entotic engulfment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3070. [PMID: 30076358 PMCID: PMC6076230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures are commonly seen in tumours. Their biological significance remains unclear, although they have been associated with more aggressive tumours. Here we report that mutant p53 promotes CIC via live cell engulfment. Engulfed cells physically interfere in cell divisions of host cells and for cells without p53 this leads to host cell death. In contrast, mutant p53 host cells survive, display aberrant divisions, multinucleation and tripolar mitoses. In xenograft studies, CIC-rich p53 mutant/null co-cultures show enhanced tumour growth. Furthermore, our results show that CIC is common within lung adenocarcinomas, is an independent predictor of poor outcome and disease recurrence, is associated with mutant p53 expression and correlated to measures of heterogeneity and genomic instability. These findings suggest that pro-tumorigenic entotic engulfment activity is associated with mutant p53 expression, and the two combined are a key factor in genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Mackay
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Moore
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Cancer studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Callum Hall
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester | Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, Fitzrovia, London, NW1 2BU, UK
- CRUK The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Lucia Piñon
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, Fitzrovia, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
- Cancer studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
| | - Patricia A J Muller
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester | Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK.
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24
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Calcein leakage as a robust assay for cytochrome c /H 2 O 2 –mediated liposome permeabilization. Anal Biochem 2018; 552:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Calcein-acetoxymethy ester enhances the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in nonsmall cell lung cancer by regulating the TopBP1/p53RR pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2017. [PMID: 28628491 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) treatment has been reported to exert antitumor effects in certain cancer cells; however, the detailed mechanism of action of calcein-AM in cancers remains unclear, especially in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study focused on the function and mechanism of action of calcein-AM in NSCLC. We used cell viability assays, western blotting, and EdU proliferation assay combined with calcein-AM treatment or siRNA interference to investigate the role of topoisomerase IIβ binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and p53 in NSCLC chemotherapy. We found that calcein-AM has antitumor effects in lung cancer and enhances the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in NSCLC. Furthermore, we found that TopBP1, which we previously showed was involved in doxorubicin resistance through upregulation of aberrant p53, was involved in calcein-AM-mediated increased doxorubicin sensitivity. Doxorubicin upregulated the expression of aberrant p53. Calcein-AM repressed the expression of TopBP1, which resulted in reduced expression of aberrant p53 and disrupted the antiapoptotic activity mediated by the TopBP1/mutp53 pathway in NSCLC. Together, our findings show that calcein-AM, the cell-permeable derivative of calcein, exerts significant antitumor effects in NSCLC, and can enhance the antitumor effect of doxorubicin by regulating the TopBP1/mutp53 pathway. These findings provide novel insight into lung cancer treatment.
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26
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Miller BA, Papke JB, Bindokas VP, Harkins AB. Light Activation of Calcein Inhibits Vesicle Release of Catecholamines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2309-2314. [PMID: 28707873 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcein, a fluorescent fluid phase marker, has been used to track and visualize cellular processes such as synaptic vesicle fusion. It is also the fluorophore for live cells in the commonly used Live/Dead viability assay. In pilot studies designed to determine fusion pore open size and vesicle movement in secretory cells, imaging analysis revealed that calcein reduced the number of vesicles released from the cells when stimulated with nicotine. Using amperometry to detect individual vesicle release events, we show that when calcein is present in the media, the number of vesicles that fuse with the cellular membrane is reduced when cells are stimulated with either nicotine or high K+. Experimentally, amperometric electrodes are not undergoing fouling in the presence of calcein. We hypothesized that calcein, when activated by light, releases reactive oxygen species that cause a reduction in secreted vesicles. We show that when calcein is protected from light during experimentation, little to no reduction of vesicle secretion occurred. Therefore, photoactivated calcein can cause deleterious results for measurements of cellular processes, likely to be the result of release of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Jason B. Papke
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Vytas P. Bindokas
- Department
of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Amy B. Harkins
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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Abstract
Current understanding points to unrepairable chromosomal damage as the critical determinant of accelerated senescence in cancer cells treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the potent senescence inducer etoposide not only targets topoisomerase II to induce DNA damage but also produces abundant free radicals, increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Toward examining roles for DNA damage and oxidative stress in therapy-induced senescence, we developed a quantitative flow cytometric senescence assay and screened 36 redox-active agents as enhancers of an otherwise ineffective dose of radiation. While senescence failed to correlate with total ROS, the radiation enhancers, etoposide and the other effective topoisomerase inhibitors each produced high levels of lipid peroxidation. The reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a lipid peroxidation end product, was sufficient to induce senescence in irradiated cells. In turn, sequestering aldehydes with hydralazine blocked effects of etoposide and other senescence inducers. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation potentiates DNA damage from radiation and chemotherapy to drive therapy-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Flor
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A P Doshi
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - S J Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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28
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Lefevre PLC, Wade M, Goodyer C, Hales BF, Robaire B. A Mixture Reflecting Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Profiles Detected in Human Follicular Fluid Significantly Affects Steroidogenesis and Induces Oxidative Stress in a Female Human Granulosa Cell Line. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2698-711. [PMID: 27219277 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants are incorporated into consumer products to prevent flame propagation. These compounds leach into the domestic environment, resulting in chronic exposure. Pregnancy failure is associated with high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of brominated flame retardants, in human follicular fluid, raising serious questions regarding their impact on female fertility. Our goal was to elucidate the effects of a mixture of PBDEs, similar to the profile found in human follicular fluid, on an immortalized human granulosa cell line, the KGN cell line. We showed that cell viability was altered and oxidative stress was induced as reflected by increased reactive oxygen species formation at 100 μM of the PBDE mixture. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PBDE treatments of 1, 5, and 20 μM altered the expression of several genes involved in the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway. Significant dose-dependent reductions in progesterone and estradiol levels in the culture medium were measured after PBDE treatment; in parallel, the expression of genes involved in estradiol metabolism, namely CYP1A1, was up-regulated by 5 and 20 μM of the PBDE mixture. Treatment with 20 μM PBDE also increased the expression and secretion of the proinflammatory factor, IL-6, into the KGN cell culture medium. Our results demonstrate that PBDEs can alter human granulosa cell functions by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting steroidogenesis. These results indicate that PBDEs may be detrimental to ovarian functions and thus may adversely affect female reproductive health after chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavine L C Lefevre
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P.L.C.L., B.F.H., B.R.), Pediatrics (C.G.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.R.), McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6; and Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (M.W.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Mike Wade
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P.L.C.L., B.F.H., B.R.), Pediatrics (C.G.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.R.), McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6; and Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (M.W.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Cindy Goodyer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P.L.C.L., B.F.H., B.R.), Pediatrics (C.G.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.R.), McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6; and Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (M.W.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P.L.C.L., B.F.H., B.R.), Pediatrics (C.G.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.R.), McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6; and Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (M.W.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (P.L.C.L., B.F.H., B.R.), Pediatrics (C.G.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.R.), McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6; and Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (M.W.), Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
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Miles FL, Lynch JE, Sikes RA. Cell-based assays using calcein acetoxymethyl ester show variation in fluorescence with treatment conditions. J Biol Methods 2015; 2. [PMID: 26937420 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorogenic compounds in cell and molecular biology has increased in both frequency and range of applications. However, such compounds may introduce artifacts in intracellular fluorescence and cell number estimations as a consequence of interaction with exogenous stimulants, necessitating the use of adequate controls for accurate measurements and valid conclusions. Using calcein acetoxymethyl ester (AM) in combination with various exogenous cellular treatments, we report that the standard practice of direct normalization of experimental values to controls is insufficient for fluorogenic measurements. Treatments applied to cells may influence intracellular conversion of the fluorogenic compound, thereby enhancing or decreasing fluorescence relative to controls. We hereby encourage caution and recommend normalization of cellular fluorescence within each treatment group before comparison to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L Miles
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jill E Lynch
- Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert A Sikes
- Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Targeting TopBP1 at a convergent point of multiple oncogenic pathways for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5476. [PMID: 25400145 PMCID: PMC4254804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of many solid tumors is driven by de-regulation of multiple common pathways, particularly Rb, PI (3) K/Akt and p53. Prior studies identified TopBP1as a key mediator for the oncogenic gain-of-function activities of mutant p53 (mutp53) in cancer. In Akt-hyperactive cancer, TopBP1 forms oligomers and represses E2F1-dependent apoptosis. Here we perform a molecular docking screening and identify a lead compound, calcein, capable of blocking TopBP1 oligomerization and p53 binding, resulting in re-activation of E2F1-dependent apoptosis and blockade of mutp53 gain-of-function. Calcein AM, the cell permeable derivative of calcein, shows significant anti-tumor activity in a wide-spectrum of cultured cancer cells harboring high TopBP1 levels. These biochemical findings are recapitulated in breast cancer xenograft models. Thus, our study provides proof-of-concept evidence for targeting TopBP1, a convergent point of multiple pathways, as a cancer therapy.
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31
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Effects of 915 nm GaAs diode laser on mitochondria of human dermal fibroblasts: analysis with confocal microscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:375-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Phua KKL, Boczkowski D, Dannull J, Pruitt S, Leong KW, Nair SK. Whole blood cells loaded with messenger RNA as an anti-tumor vaccine. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:837-42. [PMID: 24339387 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of a cell-based vaccine composed of autologous whole blood cells loaded with mRNA is described. Mice immunized with whole blood cells loaded with mRNA encoding antigen develop anti-tumor immunity comparable to DC-RNA immunization. This approach offers a simple and affordable alternative to RNA-based cellular therapy by circumventing complex, laborious and expensive ex vivo manipulations required for DC-based immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K. L. Phua
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117576
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - David Boczkowski
- Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Jens Dannull
- Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Scott Pruitt
- Experimental Medicine; Merck Research Laboratories; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Smita K. Nair
- Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham NC 27710 USA
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Ge J, Wood DK, Weingeist DM, Prasongtanakij S, Navasumrit P, Ruchirawat M, Engelward BP. Standard fluorescent imaging of live cells is highly genotoxic. Cytometry A 2013; 83:552-60. [PMID: 23650257 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is commonly used for imaging live mammalian cells. Here, we describe studies aimed at revealing the potential genotoxic effects of standard fluorescence microscopy. To assess DNA damage, a high throughput platform for single cell gel electrophoresis is used (e.g., the CometChip). Light emitted by three standard filters was studied: (a) violet light [340-380 nm], used to excite DAPI and other blue fluorophores, (b) blue light [460-500 nm] commonly used to image green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Calcein AM, and (c) green light [528-553 nm], useful for imaging red fluorophores. Results show that exposure of samples to light during imaging is indeed genotoxic even when the selected wavelengths are outside the range known to induce significant damage levels. Shorter excitation wavelengths and longer irradiation times lead to higher levels of DNA damage. We have also measured DNA damage in cells expressing enhanced GFP or stained with Calcein AM, a widely used green fluorophore. Data show that Calcein AM leads to a synergistic increase in the levels of DNA damage and that even cells that are not being directly imaged sustain significant DNA damage from exposure to indirect light. The nature of light-induced DNA damage during imaging was assessed using the Fpg glycosylase, an enzyme that enables quantification of oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative damage was evident in cells exposed to violet light. Furthermore, the Fpg glycosylase revealed the presence of oxidative DNA damage in blue-light exposed cells for which DNA damage was not detected using standard analysis conditions. Taken together, the results of these studies call attention to the potential confounding effects of DNA damage induced by standard imaging conditions, and identify wavelength, exposure time, and fluorophore as parameters that can be modulated to reduce light-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Bauer M, Kang L, Qiu Y, Wu J, Peng M, Chen HH, Camci-Unal G, Bayomy AF, Sosnovik DE, Khademhosseini A, Liao R. Adult cardiac progenitor cell aggregates exhibit survival benefit both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50491. [PMID: 23226295 PMCID: PMC3511575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major hurdle in the use of exogenous stems cells for therapeutic regeneration of injured myocardium remains the poor survival of implanted cells. To date, the delivery of stem cells into myocardium has largely focused on implantation of cell suspensions. Methodology and Principal Findings We hypothesize that delivering progenitor cells in an aggregate form would serve to mimic the endogenous state with proper cell-cell contact, and may aid the survival of implanted cells. Microwell methodologies allow for the culture of homogenous 3D cell aggregates, thereby allowing cell-cell contact. In this study, we find that the culture of cardiac progenitor cells in a 3D cell aggregate augments cell survival and protects against cellular toxins and stressors, including hydrogen peroxide and anoxia/reoxygenation induced cell death. Moreover, using a murine model of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, we find that delivery of cardiac progenitor cells in the form of 3D aggregates improved in vivo survival of implanted cells. Conclusion Collectively, our data support the notion that growth in 3D cellular systems and maintenance of cell-cell contact improves exogenous cell survival following delivery into myocardium. These approaches may serve as a strategy to improve cardiovascular cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauer
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lifeng Kang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiling Qiu
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michelle Peng
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Howard H. Chen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmad F. Bayomy
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David E. Sosnovik
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RL); (AK)
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RL); (AK)
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Calcein and calcein−Ag films under vapor exposure: Sensing properties and reversible film restructuring. Talanta 2012; 101:267-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Robinson JP, Patsekin V, Holdman C, Ragheb K, Sturgis J, Fatig R, Avramova LV, Rajwa B, Davisson VJ, Lewis N, Narayanan P, Li N, Qualls CW. High-throughput secondary screening at the single-cell level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:85-98. [PMID: 22968419 DOI: 10.1177/2211068212456978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an automated system for drug screening using a single-cell-multiple functional response technology. The approach uses a semiautomated preparatory system, high-speed sample collection, and a unique analytical tool that provides instantaneous results for compound dilutions using 384-well plates. The combination of automation and rapid robotic sampling increases quality control and robustness. High-speed flow cytometry is used to collect single-cell results together with a newly defined analytical tool for extraction of IC(50) curves for multiple assays per cell. The principal advantage is the extreme speed of sample collection, with results from a 384-well plate being completed for both collection and data processing in less than 10 min. Using this approach, it is possible to extract detailed drug response information in a highly controlled fashion. The data are based on single-cell results, not populations. With simultaneous assays for different functions, it is possible to gain a more detailed understanding of each drug/compound interaction. Combined with integrated advanced data processing directly from raw data files, the process from sampling to analytical results is highly intuitive. Direct PubMed links allow review of drug structure and comparisons with similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Robinson
- Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Effects of the radiocontrast agent iodixanol on endothelial cell morphology and function. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:39-47. [PMID: 22985912 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodinated radiocontrast media (RCM) are usually well tolerated, but their large and increasing use renders their toxicity a relevant problem, especially in high risk patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible toxic or activating effects of iodixanol on endothelial cells (EC) and the putative in vitro protective action of N-acetylcysteine and rosuvastatin. Morphology, oxidative status, redistribution of heat-shock protein 60 and secretion of proinflammatory products were studied in cultured human EC through confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence and immuno-enzymatic methods. EC reacted to iodixanol with shrinking and bulging, increase in intracellular oxidation and translocation of Heat Shock Protein 60 to the cell membrane. The secretion of proinflammatory products was strongly stimulated by sequential incubation of EC with iodixanol and TNFα (p<0.00001 for all tested molecules, namely TNFα, IL-8, sVCAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-6). N-acetylcysteine prevented morphologic and oxidative derangements, and significantly reduced proinflammatory product secretion (P range<0.0001 to<0.00001 for TNFα, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-6); rosuvastatin inhibited morphology and oxidative modifications only. Our data help clarifying the mechanisms of early and late toxicity of RCM and support the use of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for optimization of radiological procedures in high risk patients.
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García Vazquez S, Aragón Martínez A, Flores-Alonso JC. Confocal microscopy and image analysis indicates a region-specific relation between active caspases and cytoplasm in ejaculated and epididymal sperm. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35477. [PMID: 22530029 PMCID: PMC3328450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was suggested a relation between the presence of apoptosis markers with cytoplasm in mammalian sperm. In this work, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and image analysis were used to analyze the relationship between active caspase-3 and -7 and intracellular esterases expression in ejaculated or epididymal ram sperm. Sperm obtained from ejaculates from the caput, corpus, or cauda of the epididymis were treated with an inhibitor of active caspase-3 and -7 and a marker of cytoplasmic esterases. Additionally, ejaculated sperm were incubated for one, two, or three hours before evaluation for active caspases. Sperm subpopulations positive for active caspases and/or intracellular esterases were detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; however, image analysis of confocal images showed that the correlation between active caspases and cytoplasmic esterases in sperm is region-specific. Lower values of Spearman correlation coefficients were found when whole sperm or head sperm was analyzed; however, a high correlation was observed for midpiece sperm. Incubation of sperm for two or three hours promoted the autoactivation of caspases. It has been suggested that the presence of apoptotic markers in sperm are related with a process of abortive apoptosis and with errors during spermiogenesis. Our results permit us suggest that the origin of the relationship between active caspases and cytoplasmic esterases is due to differentiation errors occurring during spermiogenesis because the percentages of sperm with active caspases are not different in the caput, corpus, or cauda of the epididymis. In this study we demonstrate that existing sperm subpopulations can express active caspases and intracellular esterases and that the correlation between these molecules is high in midpiece sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo, Toluca, México
| | - Andrés Aragón Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo, Toluca, México
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Carlos Flores-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Hospital General de Zona #5, Metepec, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, México
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39
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Ho H, Singh H, Aljofan M, Nie G. A high-throughput in vitro model of human embryo attachment. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:974-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Juric V, Chen CC, Lau LF. TNFα-induced apoptosis enabled by CCN1/CYR61: pathways of reactive oxygen species generation and cytochrome c release. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31303. [PMID: 22363611 PMCID: PMC3281933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although TNFα is a strong inducer of apoptosis, its cytotoxicity in most normal cells in vitro requires blockade of NFκB signaling or inhibition of de novo protein synthesis, typically by the addition of cycloheximide. However, several members of CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV) family of extracellular matrix proteins enable TNFα-dependent apoptosis in vitro without inhibiting NFκB or de novo protein synthesis, and CCN1 (CYR61) is essential for optimal TNFα cytotoxicity in vivo. Previous studies showed that CCN1 unmasks the cytotoxicity of TNFα by binding integrins α(v)β(5), α(6)β(1), and the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan 4 to induce the accumulation of a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a biphasic activation of JNK necessary for apoptosis. Here we show for the first time that CCN1 interacts with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in a protein complex, and that binding to LRP1 is critical for CCN1-induced ROS generation and apoptotic synergism with TNFα. We also found that neutral sphingomyelinase 1 (nSMase1), which contributes to CCN1-induced ROS generation, is required for CCN1/TNFα-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CCN1 promotes the activation of p53 and p38 MAPK, which mediate enhanced cytochrome c release to amplify the cytotoxicity of TNFα. By contrast, LRP1, nSMase1, p53, and p38 MAPK are not required when TNFα-dependent apoptosis is facilitated by the presence of cycloheximide, indicating that they function in the CCN1 signaling pathway that converges with TNFα-induced signaling events. Since CCN1/CYR61 is a physiological regulator of TNFα cytotoxicity at least in some contexts, these findings may reveal important mediators of TNFα-induced apoptosis in vivo and identify potential therapeutic targets for thwarting TNFα-dependent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava Juric
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chih-Chiun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lester F. Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Cao XH, Zhao SS, Liu DY, Wang Z, Niu LL, Hou LH, Wang CL. ROS-Ca2+ is associated with mitochondria permeability transition pore involved in surfactin-induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Castagnola A, Eda S, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Monitoring stem cell proliferation and differentiation in primary midgut cell cultures from Heliothis virescens larvae using flow cytometry. Differentiation 2010; 81:192-8. [PMID: 21190786 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the midgut of Heliothis virescens larvae, proliferation and differentiation of stem cell populations allow for midgut growth and regeneration. Basic epithelial regenerative function can be assessed in vitro by purifying these two cell type populations, yet efficient high throughput methods to monitor midgut stem cell proliferation and differentiation are not available. We describe a flow cytometry method to differentiate stem from mature midgut cells and use it to monitor proliferation, differentiation and death in primary midgut stem cell cultures from H. virescens larvae. Our method is based on differential light scattering and vital stain fluorescence properties to distinguish between stem and mature midgut cells. Using this method, we monitored proliferation and differentiation of H. virescens midgut cells cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or AlbuMAX II. Supplementation with FBS resulted in increased stem cell differentiation after 5 days of culture, while AlbuMAX II-supplemented medium promoted stem cell proliferation. These data demonstrate utility of our flow cytometry method for studying stem cell-based epithelial regeneration, and indicate that AlbuMAX II-supplemented medium may be used to maintain pluripotency in primary midgut stem cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castagnola
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, 205 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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43
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Wei W, Yue ZG, Qu JB, Yue H, Su ZG, Ma GH. Galactosylated nanocrystallites of insoluble anticancer drug for liver-targeting therapy: an in vitro evaluation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:589-96. [PMID: 20528454 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Low solubility in water has become an intrinsic property of many anticancer drugs, which poses a hurdle in the translation from the bench to the clinic. In this study, we developed a facile method to prepare 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) nanocrystallites and testified their feasibility for liver-targeting therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS HCPT nanocrystallites were prepared under the soft template effect of galactosylated chitosan. The internalization profile, intracellular trafficking, drug activity and cell viability were evaluated by exposing these nanocrystallites to human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. RESULTS Galactosylated chitosan located on the HCPT nanocrystallites not only stabilized the formulation in aqueous medium, but also enhanced the cellular internalization through an asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated pathway. These nanocrystallites also exhibited the advantages of nuclear entry and active HCPT delivery, and consequently better anticancer cytotoxicity could be achieved. CONCLUSION These data strongly support the superior properties of galactosylated HCPT nanocrystallites on liver-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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44
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The fabrication of PLGA microvessel scaffolds with nano-patterned inner walls. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 12:841-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Selective fluorescence detection of histamine based on ligand exchange mechanism and its application to biomonitoring. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:135-9. [PMID: 20450876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a novel histamine monitoring method by using a fluorescent probe, a complex between Ni(2+) and calcein, based on a ligand exchange mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of this probe, which has been reduced due to effective quenching by Ni(2+) ion, increases drastically by an addition of histamine. Furthermore, the probe shows high selectivity toward histamine among the various neurotransmitters in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Biomonitoring studies to detect histamine released from RAW264 cells are successfully represented.
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46
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Migration of marrow stromal cells in response to sustained release of stromal-derived factor-1alpha from poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2010. [PMID: 20219655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipharm.2009.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stromal derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) is an important chemokine in stem cell trafficking and plays a critical role in the homing of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. However, its use in tissue regeneration is limited by its relatively short half-life and the time-dependent nature of cell homing to the site of injury. The objective of this work was to investigate the release characteristics of SDF-1alpha from degradable poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) hydrogels and to determine the effect of sustained release of SDF-1alpha on migration of BMS cells. Three PLEOF hydrogels with poly(l-lactide) (PLA) fractions of 6%, 9%, and 24% by weight were synthesized. After the addition of chemokine, the polymerizing mixture was crosslinked to produce SDF-1alpha loaded PLEOF hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized with respect to sol fraction, water uptake, degradation, SDF-1alpha loading efficiency and release kinetics, and migration rate of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. The more hydrophilic hydrogels with 6% and 9% PLA fraction had a pronounced burst release followed by a period of sustained release by diffusion for 21 days. The more hydrophobic hydrogel with 24% PLA fraction had a less pronounced burst release and displayed a slow but constant release by diffusion between days 1 and 9 followed by a fast release by diffusion-degradation from days 9 to 18. The fraction of active SDF-1alpha released from 6%, 9%, and 24% hydrogels after 21 days was 34.3%, 32.3%, and 35.8%, respectively. The migration of BMS cells in response to time-released SDF-1alpha closely followed the protein release kinetics from the hydrogels. The biodegradable PLEOF hydrogel may potentially be useful as a delivery matrix for sustained release of SDF-1alpha in the proliferative phase of healing for recruitment of progenitor cells in tissue engineering applications.
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47
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He X, Ma J, Jabbari E. Migration of marrow stromal cells in response to sustained release of stromal-derived factor-1alpha from poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:107-16. [PMID: 20219655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) is an important chemokine in stem cell trafficking and plays a critical role in the homing of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. However, its use in tissue regeneration is limited by its relatively short half-life and the time-dependent nature of cell homing to the site of injury. The objective of this work was to investigate the release characteristics of SDF-1alpha from degradable poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate) (PLEOF) hydrogels and to determine the effect of sustained release of SDF-1alpha on migration of BMS cells. Three PLEOF hydrogels with poly(l-lactide) (PLA) fractions of 6%, 9%, and 24% by weight were synthesized. After the addition of chemokine, the polymerizing mixture was crosslinked to produce SDF-1alpha loaded PLEOF hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized with respect to sol fraction, water uptake, degradation, SDF-1alpha loading efficiency and release kinetics, and migration rate of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. The more hydrophilic hydrogels with 6% and 9% PLA fraction had a pronounced burst release followed by a period of sustained release by diffusion for 21 days. The more hydrophobic hydrogel with 24% PLA fraction had a less pronounced burst release and displayed a slow but constant release by diffusion between days 1 and 9 followed by a fast release by diffusion-degradation from days 9 to 18. The fraction of active SDF-1alpha released from 6%, 9%, and 24% hydrogels after 21 days was 34.3%, 32.3%, and 35.8%, respectively. The migration of BMS cells in response to time-released SDF-1alpha closely followed the protein release kinetics from the hydrogels. The biodegradable PLEOF hydrogel may potentially be useful as a delivery matrix for sustained release of SDF-1alpha in the proliferative phase of healing for recruitment of progenitor cells in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhong He
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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48
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Fekete A, Vizi ES, Kovács KJ, Lendvai B, Zelles T. Layer-specific differences in reactive oxygen species levels after oxygen-glucose deprivation in acute hippocampal slices. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1010-22. [PMID: 18206124 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The major role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathomechanism of ischemia have been widely recognized. Still, measurements of the precise time course and regional distribution of ischemia-induced ROS level changes in acute brain slices have been missing. By using acute hippocampal slices and the fluorescent dye CM-H2DCFDA, we showed that reoxygenation after in vitro ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD) increased ROS levels in the hippocampal CA1 layers vulnerable to ischemia but did not have significant effects in the resistant stratum granulosum in the dentate gyrus (DG). Production of ROS started during OGD, but, contrary to reoxygenation, it manifested as a ROS level increase exclusively in the presence of catalase and glutathione peroxidase inhibition. The mechanism of ROS production involves the activation of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide synthases. The inhibition of ROS response by either AP-5 or L-NAME together with the ROS sensitivity profile of the dye suggest that peroxynitrite, the reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide, plays a role in the response. Direct visualization of layer-specific effects of ROS production and its scavenging, shown for the first time in acute hippocampal slices, suggests that distinct ROS homeostasis may underlie the different ischemic vulnerability of CA1 and DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adám Fekete
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1083 Budapest, Szigony u. 43., Hungary
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Gatti R, Orlandini G, Uggeri J, Belletti S, Galli C, Raspanti M, Scandroglio R, Guizzardi S. Analysis of living cells grown on different titanium surfaces by time-lapse confocal microscopy. Micron 2008; 39:137-43. [PMID: 17223563 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have combined fluorescence- and reflection-confocal laser scanning microscopy for the simultaneous visualization of living cells and surface topography beneath them. To this purpose we have designed a specific flow chamber and we have tested it with osteoblasts grown on an opaque, thick support, made of smooth or sandblasted titanium. Cells were loaded with Calcein-AM or tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), two probes employed as indicators of cell viability/morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Besides the acquisition of stacks of confocal sections, the system allowed also vertical views and faithful three-dimensional reconstruction of the samples. Confocal microscope implemented with our flow chamber proved to be a promising tool for time-lapse investigation of cell-biomaterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
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50
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Robertson JHP, Sarkar S, Yang SY, Seifalian AM, Winslet MC. In vivo models for early development of colorectal liver metastasis. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 89:1-12. [PMID: 18081801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer diagnosed. Globally each year, almost one million cases of colorectal cancer are registered and almost half a million deaths are attributed to this disease. This high mortality is associated with the development of liver metastases. For oncological advances to occur, accurate in vivo models are required to study colorectal cancer metastasis development. These models, by increasing our understanding of the early stages of colorectal liver establishment, will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions and allow the clinical effects of these interventions to be studied. By analysis of current in vivo models for early development of colorectal liver metastasis, this review examines available methods of the tumour cell preparation, introduction and monitoring in vivo. An insight into the technical problems which can occur will be discussed. The implications of these different techniques on the resulting metastasis picture will be analysed. Existing in vivo models are assessed regarding the accuracy of the metastatic picture they portray.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H P Robertson
- GI & Hepatobiliary Research Group, Academic Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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