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Zhao Y, Qian S, Zheng Z, Peng J, Liu J, Guan X, Liao C. Consideration of hormonal changes for orthodontic treatment during pregnancy and lactation - a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 39164703 PMCID: PMC11334371 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes in pregnant and lactating women significantly affect bone metabolism and overall stress levels, positioning them as a unique group within the orthodontic population. Fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and other hormones are closely linked to bone remodeling and the periodontal tissue's response to inflammation caused by dental plaque. Hormones such as thyrotropin, leptin, and melatonin also play crucial roles in pregnancy and bone remodeling, with potential implications for orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, adverse personal behaviors and changes in dietary habits worsen periodontal conditions and complicate periodontal maintenance during orthodontic treatment. Notably, applying orthodontic force during pregnancy and lactation may trigger stress responses in the endocrine system, altering hormone levels. However, these changes do not appear to adversely affect the mother or fetus. This review comprehensively examines the interaction between hormone levels and orthodontic tooth movement in pregnant and lactating women, offering insights to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Shengqi Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.23 Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Juxiang Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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2
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Bachmeier E, Wietz FM, Porta DJ, Moine L, Dubersarsky CG, Francia CM, Samar ME, Rivoira MA, Mazzeo MA. [Melatonin reverses oxidative damage in the submandibular gland of rats treated with Cyclophosphamide]. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS 2023; 80:404-419. [PMID: 38150204 PMCID: PMC10851403 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n4.40930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objetive Cyclophosphamide (Cf) produces oxidative damage in rat submandibular gland (GSM). In the present work we evaluated the antioxidant protective effect of melatonin (MLT) in GSM of rats treated with Cf. Methods 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (G): G1: control; G2: Control+Ethanol: treated with 1% ethanol for 10 consecutive days. On days 11 and 12 they received a dose of saline; G3: Cf: treated with 1% ethanol for 12 days, days 11 and 12 they received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of Cf 50 mg/Kg/kg of saline. ) of Cf 50 mg/kg bw; G4: Cf + MLT: MLT (5 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal, dissolved in 1% ethanol) was administered daily, days 11 and 12 received Cf same as G3; G5: MLT: treated 12 consecutive days with MLT (same dose as G4). After 12 hours of fasting, animals were anesthetized to obtain both submandibular glands, then they were sacrificed. Uric acid (UA), lipid peroxides (LPs), aqueous peroxides (APs) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in submandibular gland homogenate. Statistical analysis: we used ANOVA and Bonferroni test pos hoc, considering significant p<0.05. Results Cf treatment decreased AU concentration and SOD activity (AU, mg/mg prot., G1: 2.50±0.68; G2: 2.18±0.13; G3: 0.54±0.09* G4: 1.95±0.24#, G5: 2.64±0.47, *p<0.01 G3 vs G1, G2, G4; #p<0.01 G4 vs G3 and G5; SOD, U/mg prot, G1: 4.57±0.95, G2: 4.79±0.94, G3: 2.18±0.53*, G4: 5.13±1.10, G5: 5.09±0.39, *p< 0.01 G3 vs G1, G2, G4 and G5). MLT treatment prevented these effects. In addition, Cf increased PL and PA formation. Conclusion MLT improved the redox status in GSM of Cf-treated rats. MLT could prevent oxidative processes in GSM produced by Cf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Martin Wietz
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología. Argentina..
| | - Daniela Josefina Porta
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. INICSA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina..
| | - Lorena Moine
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina..
| | | | - Catalina Melchora Francia
- Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Odontología. Catedra de Farmacología y Terapéutica "A"; Argentina..
| | - Maria Elena Samar
- Doctora en Medicina. Profesora Plenaria, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Odontologia. Catedra de Fisiologia; Argentina.
| | - Maria Angelica Rivoira
- Doctora en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. INICSA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina..
| | - Marcelo Adrian Mazzeo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina..
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3
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Barać M, Petrović M, Petrović N, Nikolić-Jakoba N, Aleksić Z, Todorović L, Petrović-Stanojević N, Anđelić-Jelić M, Davidović A, Milašin J, Roganović J. Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6727. [PMID: 37754589 PMCID: PMC10530673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with functional deterioration of the salivary gland and dental pulp, related to oxidative stress. The aim was to integrate experimental and bioinformatic findings to analyze the cellular mechanism of melatonin (MEL) action in the human parotid gland and dental pulp in diabetes. Human parotid gland tissue was obtained from 16 non-diabetic and 16 diabetic participants, as well as human dental pulp from 15 non-diabetic and 15 diabetic participants. In human non-diabetic and diabetic parotid gland cells (hPGCs) as well as in dental pulp cells (hDPCs), cultured in hyper- and normoglycemic conditions, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), MEL, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometrically. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using ShinyGO (v.0.75) application. Diabetic participants had increased GDNF and decreased MEL in parotid (p < 0.01) and dental pulp (p < 0.05) tissues, associated with increased iNOS and SOD activity. Normoglycemic hDPCs and non-diabetic hPGCs treated with 0.1 mM MEL had increased GDNF (p < 0.05), while hyperglycemic hDPCs treated with 1 mM MEL showed a decrease in up-regulated GDNF (p < 0.05). Enrichment analyses showed interference with stress and ATF/CREB signaling. MEL induced the stress-protective mechanism in hyperglycemic hDPCs and diabetic hPGCs, suggesting MEL could be beneficial for diabetes-associated disturbances in oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Barać
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Petrović
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nina Petrović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Nataša Nikolić-Jakoba
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.N.-J.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zoran Aleksić
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.N.-J.); (Z.A.)
| | - Lidija Todorović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Nataša Petrović-Stanojević
- Zvezdara University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.-S.); (M.A.-J.); (A.D.)
| | - Marina Anđelić-Jelić
- Zvezdara University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.-S.); (M.A.-J.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandar Davidović
- Zvezdara University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.-S.); (M.A.-J.); (A.D.)
| | - Jelena Milašin
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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4
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Tokuyama-Toda R, Umeki H, Okubo M, Terada-Ito C, Yudo T, Ide S, Tadokoro S, Shimozuma M, Satomura K. The Preventive Effect of Melatonin on Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis. Cells 2023; 12:2178. [PMID: 37681910 PMCID: PMC10487273 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts various physiological effects through melatonin receptors and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Radiotherapy is a common treatment for head and neck tumors, but stomatitis, a side effect affecting irradiated oral mucosa, can impact treatment outcomes. This study investigated the preventive effect of melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger, on radiation-induced oral mucositis. Mice were irradiated with 15 Gy of X-ray radiation to the head and neck, and the oral mucosa was histologically compared between a melatonin-administered group and a control group. The results showed that radiation-induced oral mucositis was suppressed in mice administered melatonin before and after irradiation. It was suggested that the mechanism involved the inhibition of apoptosis and the inhibition of DNA damage. From these findings, we confirmed that melatonin has a protective effect against radiation-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tokuyama-Toda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City 230-8501, Japan; (H.U.); (M.O.); (C.T.-I.); (T.Y.); (S.I.); (S.T.); (M.S.); (K.S.)
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Shang YF, Shen YY, Zhang MC, Lv MC, Wang TY, Chen XQ, Lin J. Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1061235. [PMID: 36817607 PMCID: PMC9935576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of saliva is an essential function of the salivary glands. Saliva is a complicated liquid with different functions, including moistening, digestion, mineralization, lubrication, and mucosal protection. This review focuses on the mechanism and neural regulation of salivary secretion, and saliva is secreted in response to various stimuli, including odor, taste, vision, and mastication. The chemical and physical properties of saliva change dynamically during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the central nervous system modulates salivary secretion and function via various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors. Smell, vision, and taste have been investigated for the connection between salivation and brain function. The immune and endocrine functions of the salivary glands have been explored recently. Salivary glands play an essential role in innate and adaptive immunity and protection. Various immune cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as immunoglobins like IgA and IgG have been found in salivary glands. Evidence supports the synthesis of corticosterone, testosterone, and melatonin in salivary glands. Saliva contains many potential biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum. High level of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines are potential markers for oral carcinoma, infectious disease in the oral cavity, and systemic disease. Further research is required to monitor and predict potential salivary biomarkers for health and disease in clinical practice and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Chen Zhang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Tong Ying Wang
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Qun Chen
- National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lin,
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6
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Isola R, Lai Y, Noli R, Masala C, Isola M, Loy F. Melatonin ultrastructural localization in mitochondria of human salivary glands. J Anat 2022; 242:146-152. [PMID: 36176196 PMCID: PMC9877479 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone melatonin was initially believed to be synthesized exclusively by the pineal gland and the enterochromaffin cells, but nowadays its production and distribution were observed in several other tissues and organs. Among others, the ultrastructural localization of melatonin and its receptors has been reported in human salivary glands. In these glands, the fine localization of melatonin in intracellular organelles, above all in mitochondria, remains to be explored comprehensively. Bioptic samples of parotid and submandibular glands were treated to search for melatonin using the immunogold staining method by transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis was applied to micrographs. The results indicated that, both in parotid and submandibular glands mitochondria, a certain melatonin positivity was present. Within glandular cells, melatonin was less retrieved in mitochondria than in secretory granules; however, its presence in this organelle was clearly evident. Inside striated duct cells, melatonin staining in mitochondria was more prominent than in glandular cells. Our data provide an ultrastructural report on the presence of melatonin in mitochondria of human major salivary glands and represent a fundamental prerequisite for a better understanding of the melatonin role in this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Ylenia Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Roberta Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of PhysiologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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Solá VM, Aguilar JJ, Farías A, Vazquez Mosquera AP, Peralta López ME, Carpentieri AR. Melatonin protects gingival mesenchymal stem cells and promotes differentiation into osteoblasts. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:636-646. [PMID: 35848411 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has antioxidant properties and participates in osteogenic differentiation. In periodontitis, in which increased oxidative stress and bone resorption are involved, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the gingiva (GMSCs) combined with MEL could be relevant for osteogenic regeneration. In this study, we studied the antioxidant and differentiating effect of MEL on an in vitro system of GMSCs. Primary culture of GMSCs from Wistar rats was developed to evaluate differentiation into osteoblasts with an appropriate medium with or without MEL. Marker genes of mesenchymal stem cells by real time-polymerase chain reaction, clonogenic capacity, and cell migration after wound assay were used to characterize GMSCs as mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity and the alizarin red technique were used to evaluate osteogenic activity and differentiation. MEL increased alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red values, promoting osteogenic differentiation. Besides this, MEL protected GMSCs in a model of cellular damage related to oxidative stress, returning viability to baseline. MEL was more effective in promoting and protecting GMSCs by the production of osteogenic cells when oxidative stress is present. This evidence supports the use of MEL as a novel bone-regenerative therapy in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Solá
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA/UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan J Aguilar
- Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Farías
- Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana P Vazquez Mosquera
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA/UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E Peralta López
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agata R Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA/UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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8
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Liu Y, Weng X, Wei M, Yu S, Ding Y, Cheng B. Melatonin alleviates the immune response and improves salivary gland function in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115073. [PMID: 35525327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands and is characterized by sicca syndrome and systemic manifestation. Mounting evidence indicates that circadian clocks are involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, few studies have reported the expression of clock genes in pSS. There is no ideal therapeuticmethod for pSS, the management of pSS is mainly palliative, aims to alleviate sicca symptoms. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland that plays an important role in the maintenance of the circadian rhythm and immunomodulation. Hence, this study aimed to analyse the circadian expression profile of clock genes in pSS, and further evaluate the therapeutic potential of melatonin in pSS. We discovered a distinct clock gene expression profile in an animal model and in patients with pSS. More importantly, melatonin administration regulated clock gene expression, improved the hypofunction of the salivary glands, and inhibited inflammatory development in animal model of pSS. Our study suggested that the pathogenesis of pSS might correlate with abnormal expression of circadian genes, and that melatonin might be a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiuhong Weng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Mingbo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.
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9
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Liu RY, Li L, Zhang ZT, Wu T, Lin S, Zhang XT. Clinical efficacy of melatonin as adjunctive therapy to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:695-704. [PMID: 35290552 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive melatonin supplementation on clinical outcomes after non-surgical periodontal treatment. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of melatonin adjuvant therapy for periodontitis from inception until May 2021. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021250630). The risk of bias of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 412 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that adjuvant use of melatonin for non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly improved the probing depth (PD) [WMD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.75, - 0.62) I2 = 85.7%], clinical attachment loss (CAL) [WMD = - 1.16, 95% CI (- 1.60, - 0.72) I2 = 76.7%] and gingival index (WMD = - 0.29, 95%CI [- 0.48, - 0.11], I2 = 63.6%) compared with non-surgical treatment alone. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that higher doses of melatonin (3-10 mg) significantly improved PD [WMD = - 1.32, 95%CI (- 2.31, - 0.15) I2 = 93%] and CAL [WMD = - 1.30, 95%CI (- 1.80, - 0.81) I2 = 73.7%] compared with lower doses of melatonin (< 3 mg). CONCLUSIONS We found that adjunctive melatonin supplementation can significantly improve the periodontal status after non-surgical treatment, suggesting that melatonin may be a new adjuvant therapy for periodontitis when non-surgical periodontal treatment alone cannot achieve the desired improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Liu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Ti Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-Tong Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Patil S, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN. Melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2022; 28:284-306. [PMID: 33063408 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to provide a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of any potential differences in melatonin levels in periodontitis vs. the healthy state. The keyword combination "melatonin" AND "periodontitis" was searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were performed on articles satisfying the inclusion criteria. Only 14 studies were included in the systematic review, out of which only 10 had quantitative data compatible with a meta-analysis. Ten studies demonstrated low melatonin in periodontitis, three studies demonstrated an initial reduction in melatonin levels followed by elevation with worsening of periodontitis, and one study showed an elevation in melatonin levels in the transition from a healthy state to periodontitis. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation revealed that all the included studies had low to very low overall evidence. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < .0001) in salivary melatonin levels in chronic periodontitis (3.26 ± 3.44 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (5.27 ± 5.39 pg/ml), with a mean difference of 2.65 ± 7.84 and a confidence interval of 1.94-3.36. The significantly lower salivary melatonin levels in periodontitis must be inferred with caution given the low quality of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hytham N Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Assessing the therapeutic potential of angomelatine, ramelteon, and melatonin against SARS-Cov-2. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3140-3150. [PMID: 35095308 PMCID: PMC8788135 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-Cov-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection affecting human populations worldwide is now a very concerning issue considering the morbidity and mortality rates. Despite several measures followed by the medical fraternity and general public, there is no resolution. Therapeutic measures to tackle the infection have been based on researching new designer drug molecules that could prevent viral entry into the human host. Melatonin has been tried as an adjuvant in the management of COVID 19(coronavirus disease) illness but its specific antiviral role has not been investigated. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to conduct an in-silico analysis to investigate if melatonin and related drugs namely ramelteon and agomelatine could be used as antiviral agents in SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding site (RBD) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Methods For docking studies (Pdb Id 1M0J), the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) crystal structure which was ACE2 cell receptor bounded was employed. From the PubChem database, the three-dimensional configuration of the ligands melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine was retrieved, and conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) was performed to determine molecular descriptors. Charges were added and optimized with the universal force field to prepare the ligands for the process of docking. For facilitation of readability by the AutoDock software conversion to PDBQT(Protein Data Bank, Partial Charge (Q), & Atom Type (T)) format was performed. AutoDock version 4.2.6 docking program and AutoDock Tools (ADT) version 1.5.6 were used for molecular docking. Desmond, a Package of Schrödinger LLC was used to simulate molecular dynamics for hundred nanoseconds using. Results Data from the present study reveal that melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine demonstrate significant binding with SARS-CoV-2 RBD and ACE 2 demonstrating the fact that they can strongly prevent viral entry into the host cells through dual binding effects. However, Ramelteon was found to be the most superior amongst the 3 drugs analyzed in its antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Results advocate further research in exploring the potential therapeutic applications of melatonin, ramelteon, and agomelatine for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Saeralaathan S, Rajkumar A, Balaji TM, Raj AT, Ganesh A. Salivary melatonin is depleted in patients with dental caries due to the elevated oxidative stress. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:547-551. [PMID: 34386342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine salivary melatonin and malondialdehyde levels in individuals with and without dental caries. Materials and methods Saliva samples were collected in a fasting state from patients with active dental caries (n = 16) and patients without dental caries (n = 16). Melatonin was measured in the samples using a commercially available ELISA kit and malondialdehyde was assayed using a standardized spectrophotometric method. Results The salivary melatonin levels were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in patients with active dental caries than patients without dental caries, while the salivary malondialdehyde values were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in patients with active dental caries than patients without dental caries. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed a negative correlation (-0.513) between the salivary melatonin and malondialdehyde levels which was statistically significant (p < 0.042) in the patient group with active dental caries, while no such relationship could be demonstrated in the patient group without dental caries. Conclusion Melatonin depletion and augmented malondialdehyde levels potentially indicate that the endogenous melatonin has been utilized to counter the oxidative stress-induced during the initiation and progression of dental caries. Further research could explore the potential use of exogenous melatonin supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic measure for dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Saeralaathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Arasappan Rajkumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Arathi Ganesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
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Salarić I, Karmelić I, Lovrić J, Baždarić K, Rožman M, Čvrljević I, Zajc I, Brajdić D, Macan D. Salivary melatonin in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13201. [PMID: 34168230 PMCID: PMC8225878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin's role in circadian rhythm is well documented, as are its' anti-oxidant, oncostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Poor sleep quality has been associated as a potential risk factor for several malignancies, including head and neck cancers. The purpose of this study is to determine salivary melatonin (MLT) levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, compare the salivary MLT levels with those in healthy individuals and compare the salivary and serum levels in OSCC patients. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate the potential relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva was sampled from patients with T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 OSCC (N = 34) and 33 sex and age matched healthy subjects. Serum samples were taken from 11 OSCC patients. Sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Melatonin levels in UWS and SWS were significantly higher in the OSCC group. Sleep quality was significantly lower in patients with OSCC (P = 0.0001). ROC analysis was found to be significant (P < 0.001) in evaluating MLT concentration limit in diagnosing OSCC. The expected relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients was not observed. Our results suggest salivary MLT as a potential biomarker that might facilitate non-invasive detection of early stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Salarić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Karmelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Lovrić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Baždarić
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Rožman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Čvrljević
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Zajc
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Brajdić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Macan
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Toan NK, Ahn SG. Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5835. [PMID: 34072470 PMCID: PMC8198609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related salivary dysfunction commonly induces the poor oral health, including decreased saliva flow and dental caries. Although the clinical significance of the salivary glands is well-known, the complex metabolic pathways contributing to the aging-dysfunction process are only beginning to be uncovered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes in aging-mediated salivary gland dysfunction as a key aspect of oral physiology. Several metabolic neuropeptides or hormones are involved in causing or contributing to salivary gland dysfunction, including hyposalivation and age-related diseases. Thus, aging-related metabolism holds promise for early diagnosis, increased choice of therapy and the identification of new metabolic pathways that could potentially be targeted in salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Mahendra J, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, Mushtaq S, Baeshen HA, Bhandi S, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Reda R, Patil S, Testarelli L. Melatonin as a Topical/Systemic Formulation for the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2417. [PMID: 34066498 PMCID: PMC8124881 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To qualitatively and quantitatively review the use of melatonin as a topical/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science databases were searched using the MesH terms "melatonin" and "periodontitis". Title and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate articles. The full text data of the screened articles were assessed using the selection criteria. RESULTS Of 176 identified articles (PubMed-66; Scopus-56; Web of Science-52; Cross-reference-2), only 12 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review. Four studies assessed the independent effect of 1% topical melatonin formulation while 8 articles assessed the adjunctive use of systemic melatonin formulation (1-10 mg) following scaling and root planing (SRP). All studies showed an improvement in periodontal parameters such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal disease index, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding scores, and prognostic marker levels in saliva and serum. A meta-analysis of data from 2 studies revealed that 1-2 mg (systemic) melatonin supplementation reduced pocket depth; although the difference was not statistically significant and hence cannot be interpreted or used for conclusive evidence. Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoBANS) and Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool elicited a high risk of bias in the included studies. GRADE (recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation) inferred a weak recommendation for the use of melatonin in periodontitis management. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Melatonin could be a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis management; although the data from the present review should be interpreted carefully due to the associated high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | | | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Hytham N. Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Archana A. Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
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Konečná B, Chobodová P, Janko J, Baňasová L, Bábíčková J, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052390. [PMID: 33673616 PMCID: PMC7957695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a complex etiology that includes bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has antioxidant properties and might contribute to alleviating chronic conditions by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of exogenous melatonin on periodontitis in an animal model of the disease as well as in patients with periodontitis. METHODS In rats with ligature-induced periodontitis, melatonin was administered in drinking water for two weeks. In the human study, patients with treatment-resistant periodontitis were asked to rinse their mouths with a solution containing melatonin or placebo every evening for two weeks. Periodontal status as well as salivary markers of oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS Neither radiography nor μCT revealed any significant effects of melatonin on alveolar bone loss. Gum recession was the only improved macroscopic measure in rats (p < 0.05). Analysis of salivary markers of oxidative stress revealed no effects of treatment in rats or humans despite clearly elevated melatonin concentrations in melatonin treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the use of melatonin for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the negative outcome is limited by the short duration of the study and the chosen route of application as well as the dose of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulína Chobodová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Lenka Baňasová
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Bábíčková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357371; Fax: +421-2-59357631
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Anton DM, Martu MA, Maris M, Maftei GA, Sufaru IG, Tatarciuc D, Luchian I, Ioanid N, Martu S. Study on the Effects of Melatonin on Glycemic Control and Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:140. [PMID: 33562452 PMCID: PMC7915328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is evidence that melatonin could improve the periodontal status and also glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of scaling and root planing plus adjunctive systemic treatment with melatonin on periodontal parameters and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 54 subjects with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus randomly assigned to the study group (n = 27, subjects with scaling and root planing + melatonin) or control group (n = 27, subjects with scaling and root planing + placebo). Periodontal parameters (probing depth-PD; clinical attachment loss-CAL; bleeding on probing-BOP; and hygiene level) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups, but at the second evaluation 8 weeks later the association of melatonin with the non-surgical periodontal therapy exerted statistically significant improvements, both in periodontal parameters, with a significant decrease in periodontal disease severity, and glycated hemoglobin when compared to the control subjects. Conclusions: In our study, combined non-surgical periodontal treatment and systemic treatment with melatonin provided additional improvements to severe periodontal condition and the glycemic control of patients with diabetes type 2 when compared to non-surgical periodontal treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Maria Anton
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Martu
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Marius Maris
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 67A Gheorghe Petrascu Str., 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George-Alexandru Maftei
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Diana Tatarciuc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ionut Luchian
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Ioanid
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Martu
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-M.A.); (G.-A.M.); (I.-G.S.); (I.L.); (N.I.); (S.M.)
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Madapusi Balaji T, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Raj AT, Sridhar LP, Patil S. Hypothesizing the potential role of melatonin in inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110346. [PMID: 33096354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathirajaa Hospital, and Research Institute, Chennai, India.
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Priya Sridhar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry,Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Sola VM, Aguilar JJ, Vazquez Mosquera AP, Carpentieri AR. Melatonin is an effective protector of gingival cells damaged by the cytotoxic effect of glutamate and DL-buthionine sulfoximine. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:154-161. [PMID: 32965035 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cellular damage related to oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in periodontal diseases (PD). Melatonin (MEL) has multiple functions, and it has been described as a potential treatment for PD. We aim at evaluating the protective effects of MEL on an in vitro model of cellular damage triggered by glutamate (GLUT) and DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), on gingival cells (GCs) in culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS A primary culture of GCs from Wistar rats was developed in order to test the protective property of MEL; BSO and GLUT were administered alone as well as in combination with MEL. The viability and apoptosis were measured with MTT assay and TUNEL, respectively, and the concentration of superoxide anion ( O 2 - ) was measured with the NBT method. RESULTS The combination of BSO and GLUT treatment resulted in a decreased viability of GCs. This was evidenced by the increase in both the production of superoxide anion and apoptosis. After MEL administration, the oxidant and pro-apoptotic effects of BSO and GLUT were totally counteracted. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that MEL has an effective protective role on GCs subjected to cellular damage in a model of OS and cytotoxicity triggered by BSO and GLUT. Consequently, MEL could be used as a therapeutic agent in PD which begin with a significative loss of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Sola
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan J Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M.Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana P Vazquez Mosquera
- INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agata R Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Moriyama Y, Hatano R, Moriyama S, Uehara S. Vesicular polyamine transporter as a novel player in amine-mediated chemical transmission. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183208. [PMID: 32004521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier 18B1 (SLC18B1) is the most recently identified gene of the vesicular amine transporter family and is conserved in the animal kingdom from insects to humans. Proteoliposomes containing the purified human SLC18B1 protein transport not only monoamines, but also polyamines, such as spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), using an electrochemical gradient of H+ established by vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) as the driving force. SLC18B1 gene knockdown abolished the exocytosis of polyamines from mast cells, which affected the secretion of histamine. SLC18B1 gene knockout decreased polyamine levels by ~20% in the brain, and impaired short- and long-term memory. Thus, the SLC18B1 protein is responsible for the vesicular storage and release of polyamines, and functions as a vesicular polyamine transporter (VPAT). VPAT may define when, where, and how polyamine-mediated chemical transmission occurs, providing insights into the more versatile and complex features of amine-mediated chemical transmission than currently considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; CYRIC Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Medicinal Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satomi Moriyama
- Laboratory of Bio-Molecular Dynamics, Department of Collaborative Research, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uehara
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan
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23
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Song TJ, Kim BS, Chu MK. Therapeutic role of melatonin in migraine prophylaxis: Is there a link between sleep and migraine? PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 255:343-369. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Potential of Melatonin as Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Cancer in the Era of Epigenomics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111712. [PMID: 31684096 PMCID: PMC6895876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide variety of epigenetic controls available is rapidly expanding the knowledge of molecular biology even overflowing it. At the same time, it can illuminate unsuspected ways of understanding the etiology of cancer. New emerging therapeutic horizons, then, promise to overcome the current antitumor strategies need. The translational utility of this complexity is particularly welcome in oral cancer (OC), in which natural history is alarmingly disappointing due to the invasive and mutilating surgery, the high relapsing rate, the poor quality of life and the reduced survival after diagnosis. Melatonin activates protective receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes that prevent tissue cancerisation and inhibit progressive tumor malignancy and metastasis. Related evidence has shown that melatonin pleiotropy encompasses gene expression regulation through all the three best-characterized epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA. OC has received less attention than other cancers despite prognosis is usually negative and there are no significant therapy improvements recorded in the past decade. However, a large research effort is being carried out to elucidate how melatonin´s machinery can prevent epigenetic insults that lead to cancer. In the light of recent findings, a comprehensive examination of biochemistry through which melatonin may reverse epigenetic aberrations in OC is an extraordinary opportunity to take a step forward in the clinical management of patients.
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25
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Anderson G. Breast cancer: Occluded role of mitochondria N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio in co-ordinating pathophysiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:259-268. [PMID: 31310736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of factors contribute to the biochemical underpinnings of breast cancer, in the absence of any clear, integrative framework. This article proposes that melatonergic pathway regulation within mitochondria provides an integrative framework for the wide array of data driving breast cancer pathophysiology. As melatonin is toxic to breast cancer cells, its production within mitochondria poses a significant challenge to breast cancer cell survival. Consequently, the diverse plasticity in breast cancer cells may arise from a requirement to decrease mitochondria melatonin synthesis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor role in breast cancer pathophysiology may be mediated by an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 in mitochondria, leading to the backward conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS has distinct effects to melatonin, including its activation of the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. TrkB activation significantly contributes to breast cancer cell survival and migration. However, the most important aspect of NAS induction by CYP1b1 in breast cancer cells is the prevention of melatonin effects in mitochondria. Many of the changes occurring in breast cancer cells arise from the need to regulate this pathway in mitochondria, allowing this to provide a framework that integrates a host of previously disparate data, including: microRNAs, estrogen, 14-3-3 proteins, sirtuins, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the kynurenine pathways. It is also proposed that this framework provides a pathoetiological model incorporating the early developmental regulation of the gut microbiome that integrates breast cancer risk factors, including obesity. This has significant treatment, prevention and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PH, UK.
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26
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Isola M, Ekström J, Isola R, Loy F. Melatonin release by exocytosis in the rat parotid gland. J Anat 2019; 234:338-345. [PMID: 30536666 PMCID: PMC6365479 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several beneficial effects on oral health are ascribed to melatonin. Due to its lipophilic nature, non-protein-bound circulating melatonin is usually thought to enter the saliva by passive diffusion through salivary acinar gland cells. Recently, however, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), melatonin was found in acinar secretory granules of human salivary glands. To test the hypothesis that granular located melatonin is actively discharged into the saliva by exocytosis, i.e. contrary to the general belief, the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline, which causes the degranulation of acinar parotid serous cells, was administered to anaesthetised rats. Sixty minutes after an intravenous bolus injection of isoprenaline (5 mg kg-1 ), the right parotid gland was removed; pre-administration, the left control gland had been removed. Samples were processed to demonstrate melatonin reactivity using the immunogold staining method. Morphometric assessment was made using TEM. Gold particles labelling melatonin appeared to be preferentially associated with secretory granules, occurring in their matrix and at membrane level but, notably, it was also associated with vesicles, mitochondria and nuclei. Twenty-six per cent of the total granular population (per 100 μm2 per cell area) displayed melatonin labelling in the matrix; three-quarters of this fraction disappeared (P < 0.01) in response to isoprenaline, and melatonin reactivity appeared in dilated lumina. Thus, evidence is provided of an alternative route for melatonin to reach the gland lumen and the oral cavity by active release through exocytosis, a process which is under the influence of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity and is the final event along the so-called regulated secretory pathway. During its stay in granules, anti-oxidant melatonin may protect their protein/peptide constituents from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Jörgen Ekström
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyDepartment of PharmacologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical SciencesDivision of CytomorphologyUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
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27
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Isola M, Lilliu MA, Loy F, Isola R. Diabetic Status Influences the Storage of Melatonin in Human Salivary Glands. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:711-716. [PMID: 29236363 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported on the detailed localization of melatonin (and its receptors) in human salivary glands, revealing that serous cells are able to store and secrete melatonin into saliva. Since we found that type 2 diabetic patients display reduced melatonin content in saliva, our next step was to examine the presence of melatonin in salivary glands removed from type 2 diabetic subjects. The resulting data were compared with those previously obtained by identical procedures in non-diabetics, to establish if the diabetic status may affect melatonin distribution. Bioptic samples of diabetic parotid and submandibular glands were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in Epon Resin and processed to demonstrate melatonin reactivity by the immunogold staining method. The labeling density (expressed as the number of gold particles per μm2 /granule) and the percentage of melatonin-positive granules were assessed in diabetic samples. These values were compared with those in non-diabetic samples and differences were evaluated. In parotid and submandibular diabetic glands the reactivity for melatonin was specifically associated with secretory granules and small vesicles in serous cells. Melatonin reactivity was higher in parotid than in submandibular glands. Our data were in line with those obtained in our previous study on non-diabetic glands. Diabetic salivary glands showed a higher labeling density and a lower number of melatonin-positive granules compared to non-diabetic glands. Taken together, these data might explain the decreased salivary melatonin content and the associated oral problems observed in diabetics. Anat Rec, 301:711-716, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
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28
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González-Menéndez P, Hevia D, Cernuda-Cernuda R. Melatonin transport into mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3927-3940. [PMID: 28828619 PMCID: PMC11107582 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known, nighttime-produced indole found in bacteria, eukaryotic unicellulars, animals or vascular plants. In vertebrates, melatonin is the major product of the pineal gland, which accounts for its increase in serum during the dark phase, but it is also produced by many other organs and cell types. Such a wide distribution is consistent with its multiple and well-described functions which include from the circadian regulation and adaptation to seasonal variations to immunomodulatory and oncostatic actions in different types of tumors. The discovery of its antioxidant properties in the early 1990s opened a new field of potential protective functions in multiple tissues. A special mention should be made regarding the nervous system, where the indole is considered a major neuroprotector. Furthermore, mitochondria appear as one of the most important targets for the indole's protective actions. Melatonin's mechanisms of action vary from the direct molecular interaction with free radicals (free radical scavenger) to the binding to membrane (MLT1A and MLT1B) or nuclear receptors (RZR/RORα). Receptor binding has been associated with some, but not all of the indole functions reported to date. Recently, two new mechanisms of cellular uptake involving the facilitative glucose transporters GLUT/SLC2A and the proton-driven oligopeptide transporter PEPT1/2 have been reported. Here we discuss the potential importance that these newly discovered transport systems could have in determining the actions of melatonin, particularly in the mitochondria. We also argue the relative importance of passive diffusion vs active transport in different parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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29
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Carpentieri AR, Peralta Lopez ME, Aguilar J, Solá VM. Melatonin and periodontal tissues: Molecular and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:224-231. [PMID: 28918172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a frequent chronic inflammatory pathology that implies the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, which represents a high sanitary cost. It usually appears associated with other systemic conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, depression and Alzheimer disease among others. The presence of melatonin and its receptors in the oral cavity supports the hypothesis that this hormone could play a role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues. In the present review we will discuss the potential role of melatonin, a circadian synchronizing hormone, with proved antiinflammatory and antioxidant profile, in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of the indolamine in the treatment of periodontal disease when this oral condition is comorbid with other pathologies that would also benefit from the therapeutic potential of melatonin and its analogs through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rita Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Elena Peralta Lopez
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Clínica Médica II, Hospital San Roque, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Mariana Solá
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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van Faassen M, Bischoff R, Kema IP. Relationship between plasma and salivary melatonin and cortisol investigated by LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:1340-1348. [PMID: 27997348 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance of the circadian rhythm has been associated with disease states, such as metabolic disorders, depression and cancer. Quantification of the circadian markers such as melatonin and cortisol critically depend on reliable and reproducible analytical methods. Previously, melatonin and cortisol were primarily analyzed separately, mainly using immunoassays. METHODS Here we describe the validation and application of a high-throughput liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the combined analysis of melatonin and cortisol in plasma and saliva. The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to international validation guidelines. We used this method to analyze total plasma, free plasma (as obtained by equilibrium dialysis) and saliva melatonin and cortisol in healthy adults. RESULTS Validation results for plasma and saliva melatonin and cortisol were well within the international validation criteria. We observed no difference between saliva collected by passive drooling or Salivette. Moreover, we noted a significant difference in saliva vs. free plasma melatonin. We observed on average 36% (95% CI: 4%-60%) higher salivary melatonin levels in comparison to free plasma melatonin, suggestive of local production of melatonin in the salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS The novel outcome of this study is probably due to the high precision of our LC-MS/MS assay. These outcomes illustrate the added value of accurate and sensitive mass spectrometry based methods for the quantification of neuroendocrine biomarkers.
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31
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Jaworek J, Leja-Szpak A, Nawrot-Porąbka K, Szklarczyk J, Kot M, Pierzchalski P, Góralska M, Ceranowicz P, Warzecha Z, Dembinski A, Bonior J. Effects of Melatonin and Its Analogues on Pancreatic Inflammation, Enzyme Secretion, and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051014. [PMID: 28481310 PMCID: PMC5454927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine produced from the amino acid l-tryptophan, whereas metabolites of melatonin are known as kynuramines. One of the best-known kynuramines is N1-acetyl-N1-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK). Melatonin has attracted scientific attention as a potent antioxidant and protector of tissue against oxidative stress. l-Tryptophan and kynuramines share common beneficial features with melatonin. Melatonin was originally discovered as a pineal product, has been detected in the gastrointestinal tract, and its receptors have been identified in the pancreas. The role of melatonin in the pancreatic gland is not explained, however several arguments support the opinion that melatonin is probably implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreas. (1) Melatonin stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion through the activation of entero-pancreatic reflex and cholecystokinin (CCK) release. l-Tryptophan and AFMK are less effective than melatonin in the stimulation of pancreatic exocrine function; (2) Melatonin is a successful pancreatic protector, which prevents the pancreas from developing of acute pancreatitis and reduces pancreatic damage. This effect is related to its direct and indirect antioxidant action, to the strengthening of immune defense, and to the modulation of apoptosis. Like melatonin, its precursor and AFMK are able to mimic its protective effect, and it is commonly accepted that all these substances create an antioxidant cascade to intensify the pancreatic protection and acinar cells viability; (3) In pancreatic cancer cells, melatonin and AFMK activated a signal transduction pathway for apoptosis and stimulated heat shock proteins. The role of melatonin and AFMK in pancreatic tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nawrot-Porąbka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szklarczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michalina Kot
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Góralska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Artur Dembinski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
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32
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González Menéndez P, Cepas V, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and sirtuins: A "not-so unexpected" relationship. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28109165 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post-transcriptional modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in terms of differential gene expression and protein diversity. Among these modifying enzymes, sirtuins, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, are of particular importance. Sirtuins regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell survival, and apoptosis, thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells. Sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis. These actions make sirtuins a major target in numerous physiological processes as well as in other contexts such as calorie restriction-induced anti-aging, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, melatonin, a nighttime-produced indole synthesized by pineal gland and many other organs, has important cytoprotective effects in many tissues including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. The pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole. Thus, much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and/or activity of sirtuins. Numerous findings report a rise in activity, especially on SIRT1, in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment. This contrasts, however, with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells. This review tabulates and discusses the recent findings relating melatonin with sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, showing the apparent dichotomy with the differential actions documented in normal and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
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33
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Luengtrakoon K, Wannakasemsuk W, Vichitrananda V, Klanrit P, Hormdee D, Noisombut R, Chaiyarit P. Increased melatonin in oral mucosal tissue of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients: A possible link between melatonin and its role in oral mucosal inflammation. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:13-19. [PMID: 28189880 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existence of extra-pineal melatonin has been observed in various tissues. No prior studies of melatonin in human oral mucosal tissue under the condition of chronic inflammation have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of melatonin in oral mucosal tissue of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) which was considered as a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease causing oral mucosal damage and ulcerations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded oral mucosal tissue of OLP patients (n=30), and control subjects (n=30) were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and the semiquantitative scoring system was used to assess the levels of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT: a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of melatonin), melatonin, and melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) in oral mucosa of OLP patients and normal oral mucosa of control subjects. RESULTS AANAT, melatonin, and MT1were detected in oral mucosal tissue of OLP patients and control subjects. Immunostaining scores of AANAT, melatonin, and MT1 in oral mucosal tissue of OLP patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects (p=0.002, p<0.001, and p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of AANAT, melatonin, and MT1 in the inflamed oral mucosal tissue of OLP patients imply that chronic inflammation may induce the local biosynthesis of melatonin via AANAT, and may enhance the action of melatonin via MT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirawut Luengtrakoon
- Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Poramaporn Klanrit
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Doosadee Hormdee
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rajda Noisombut
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ponlatham Chaiyarit
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Isola M, Lilliu MA. Melatonin localization in human salivary glands. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:510-5. [PMID: 26694219 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating melatonin is believed to reach body fluids by crossing passively the cell membranes, but alternative ways for melatonin transport also are hypothesized. This investigation was carried out to furnish ultrastructural evidences for melatonin transport by salivary gland cells in order to indicate plausible routes by which circulating melatonin can reach saliva. METHODS Bioptic samples of parotid, submandibular and labial glands were processed for the electron microscopy and treated to demonstrate melatonin reactivity by the immunogold staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The preferential sites of melatonin reactivity were the granules and vesicles of serous cells. Our results suggested that the acinar cells are able to store melatonin and that the hormone can be released into saliva through granule and vesicle exocytosis. The quantitative evaluation of labelling showed that the parotid gland is the most involved in the release of melatonin in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Melatonin inhibits embryonic salivary gland branching morphogenesis by regulating both epithelial cell adhesion and morphology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119960. [PMID: 25876057 PMCID: PMC4398443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organs, including salivary glands, lung, and kidney, are formed by epithelial branching during embryonic development. Branching morphogenesis occurs via either local outgrowths or the formation of clefts that subdivide epithelia into buds. This process is promoted by various factors, but the mechanism of branching morphogenesis is not fully understood. Here we have defined melatonin as a potential negative regulator or "brake" of branching morphogenesis, shown that the levels of it and its receptors decline when branching morphogenesis begins, and identified the process that it regulates. Melatonin has various physiological functions, including circadian rhythm regulation, free-radical scavenging, and gonadal development. Furthermore, melatonin is present in saliva and may have an important physiological role in the oral cavity. In this study, we found that the melatonin receptor is highly expressed on the acinar epithelium of the embryonic submandibular gland. We also found that exogenous melatonin reduces salivary gland size and inhibits branching morphogenesis. We suggest that this inhibition does not depend on changes in either proliferation or apoptosis, but rather relates to changes in epithelial cell adhesion and morphology. In summary, we have demonstrated a novel function of melatonin in organ formation during embryonic development.
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Balaji TM, Vasanthi HR, Rao SR. Gingival, plasma and salivary levels of melatonin in periodontally healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients: a pilot study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC23-5. [PMID: 25954699 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11311.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition affecting tooth supporting structures in which dysregulated immune response and oxidative stress mediate tissue destruction. Melatonin, the pineal gland hormone is a regulator of circadian rhythm, an antioxidant and an immunomodulator. Previous studies have shown lowered melatonin levels in saliva, plasma and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontal disease. Till date no study has assessed the melatonin levels in gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five healthy individuals and 15 chronic periodontitis patients were recruited for this pilot study. 5ml of whole saliva, 2 ml peripheral blood and gingival tissue samples were obtained from each individual at 8.00 am in fasting state. Melatonin assay was performed with a commercially available ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was done to assess the difference in mean melatonin levels among the groups. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in mean melatonin levels between healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients in saliva (p=.266) and plasma (p=.933) samples, whereas in gingival tissue samples (p=.015), the melatonin levels were significantly lowered in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the presence of melatonin in gingival tissue. Furthermore, melatonin levels are lowered in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Hannah Rachel Vasanthi
- Formerly, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra University , Chennai, India; Presently, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Medical University, India
| | - Suresh Ranga Rao
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Jablonska K, Pula B, Zemla A, Kobierzycki C, Kedzia W, Nowak-Markwitz E, Spaczynski M, Zabel M, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Expression of the MT1 melatonin receptor in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23074-89. [PMID: 25514412 PMCID: PMC4284755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among women with genital tract disorders. Melatonin exhibits oncostatic properties which it may effect through binding to its membrane receptor, MT1. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MT1 in OC cells and to correlate this with clinical and pathological data. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 84 cases of OC. Normal ovarian epithelial (IOSE 364) and OC (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) cell lines were used to examine the MT1 expression at protein level using the western blot and immunofluorescence technique. The expression of MT1 was observed as cytoplasmic-membrane (MT1CM) and membrane (MT1M) reactions. A positive correlation between MT1CM and MT1M was found in all the studied cases. There were no significant differences between the expression of MT1CM, MT1M, and histological type, staging, grading, presence of residual disease, or overall survival time. Immunofluorescence showed both MT1M and MT1CM expression in all the tested cell lines. Western blot illustrated the highest protein level of MT1 in IOSE 364 and the lowest in the OVCAR-3. The results indicate the limited prognostic significance of MT1 in OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jablonska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | - Agata Zemla
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | | | - Witold Kedzia
- Department of Gynecology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Marek Spaczynski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-535, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland.
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Effect of melatonin on human dental papilla cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17304-17. [PMID: 25264744 PMCID: PMC4227163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin regulates a variety of biological processes, which are the control of circadian rhythms, regulation of seasonal reproductive function and body temperature, free radical scavenging and so on. Our previous studies have shown that various cells exist in human and mouse tooth germs that express the melatonin 1a receptor (Mel1aR). However, little is known about the effects of melatonin on tooth development and growth. The present study was performed to examine the possibility that melatonin might exert its influence on tooth development. DP-805 cells, a human dental papilla cell line, were shown to express Mel1aR. Expression levels of mRNA for Mel1aR in DP-805 cells increased until 3 days after reaching confluence and decreased thereafter. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that melatonin increased the expression of mRNAs for osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotin (DSPP). Melatonin also enhanced the mineralized matrix formation in DP-805 cell cultures in a dose-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that melatonin may play a physiological role in tooth development/growth by regulating the cellular function of odontogenic cells in tooth germs.
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Acuña-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Venegas C, Díaz-Casado ME, Lima-Cabello E, López LC, Rosales-Corral S, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2997-3025. [PMID: 24554058 PMCID: PMC11113552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan via 5-hydroxytryptamine. It is considered an indoleamine from a biochemical point of view because the melatonin molecule contains a substituted indolic ring with an amino group. The circadian production of melatonin by the pineal gland explains its chronobiotic influence on organismal activity, including the endocrine and non-endocrine rhythms. Other functions of melatonin, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its genomic effects, and its capacity to modulate mitochondrial homeostasis, are linked to the redox status of cells and tissues. With the aid of specific melatonin antibodies, the presence of melatonin has been detected in multiple extrapineal tissues including the brain, retina, lens, cochlea, Harderian gland, airway epithelium, skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, thyroid, pancreas, thymus, spleen, immune system cells, carotid body, reproductive tract, and endothelial cells. In most of these tissues, the melatonin-synthesizing enzymes have been identified. Melatonin is present in essentially all biological fluids including cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, bile, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. In several of these fluids, melatonin concentrations exceed those in the blood. The importance of the continual availability of melatonin at the cellular level is important for its physiological regulation of cell homeostasis, and may be relevant to its therapeutic applications. Because of this, it is essential to compile information related to its peripheral production and regulation of this ubiquitously acting indoleamine. Thus, this review emphasizes the presence of melatonin in extrapineal organs, tissues, and fluids of mammals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain,
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Singh M, Jadhav HR. Melatonin: functions and ligands. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1410-8. [PMID: 24792719 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that acts as synchronizer by stabilizing bodily rhythms. Its synthesis occurs in various locations throughout the body, including the pineal gland, skin, lymphocytes and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Its synthesis and secretion is controlled by light and dark conditions, whereby light decreases and darkness increases its production. Thus, melatonin is also known as the 'hormone of darkness'. Melatonin and analogs that bind to the melatonin receptors are important because of their role in the management of depression, insomnia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetes, obesity, alopecia, migraine, cancer, and immune and cardiac disorders. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of melatonin in these disorders, which could aid in the design of novel melatonin receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Liu XY, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Tan DX. Melatonin in the oral cavity: physiological and pathological implications. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:9-17. [PMID: 24665831 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to summarize what is known about the function of melatonin in the oral cavity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases were searched for the relevant published literature to 30 November, 2013. The following search items were used in various combinations: melatonin, gingiva, periodontium, inflammation, herpes, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, dental implants, xerostomia, methacrylate, chlorhexidine, cancer. The literature uncovered is summarized herein. RESULTS Salivary melatonin levels exhibit a circadian rhythm with highest values at night. Melatonin has both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions in cells of the oral cavity. Melatonin is released into the saliva by the acinar cells of the major salivary glands and via the gingival fluid. Functions of melatonin in the oral cavity are likely to relate primarily to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These actions may suppress inflammation of the gingiva and periodontium, reduce alveolar bone loss, abrogate herpes lesions, enhance osteointegration of dental implants, limit oral cancer, and suppress disorders that have a free radical component. Sublingual melatonin tablets or oral melatonin sprays and topical melatonin-containing gel, if used on a regular basis, may improve overall oral health and reduce mucosal lesions. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results indicate that endogenously-produced and exogenously-applied melatonin are beneficial to the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Isola M, Ekström J, Diana M, Solinas P, Cossu M, Lilliu MA, Loy F, Isola R. Subcellular distribution of melatonin receptors in human parotid glands. J Anat 2013; 223:519-24. [PMID: 23998562 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone melatonin influences oral health through a variety of actions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumour. Many of these melatonin functions are mediated by a family of membrane receptors expressed in the oral epithelium and salivary glands. Using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, recent studies have shown that the melatonin membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2, are present in rat and human salivary glands. To date, no investigation has dealt with the ultrastructural distribution of the melatonin receptors. This was the aim of the present study, using the immunogold method applied to the human parotid gland. Reactivity to MT1 and, with less intensity, to MT2 appeared in the secretory granules of acinar cells and in the cytoplasmic vesicles of both acinar and ductal cells. Plasma membranes were also stained, albeit slightly. The peculiar intracytoplasmic distribution of these receptors may indicate that there is an uptake/transport system for melatonin from the circulation into the saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Chojnacki C, Popławski T, Blasiak J, Chojnacki J, Reiter RJ, Klupinska G. Expression of melatonin synthesizing enzymes in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:845032. [PMID: 23936850 PMCID: PMC3722974 DOI: 10.1155/2013/845032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonization of gastric mucosa causes pain of unknown etiology in about 15-20% of infected subjects. The aim of the present work was to determine the level of expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of melatonin in gastric mucosa of asymptomatic and symptomatic H. pylori infected patients. To diagnose H. pylori infection, histological analysis and the urea breath test (UBT C13) were performed. The levels of mRNA expression of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) were estimated in gastric mucosa with RT-PCR. The level of AA-NAT expression and AMST was decreased in H. pylori infected patients and was increased after H. pylori eradication. We conclude that decreased expression of melatonin synthesizing enzymes, AA-NAT and ASMT, in patients with symptomatic H. pylori infection returns to normal level after H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Melatonin: a novel indolamine in oral health and disease. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:720185. [PMID: 22899929 PMCID: PMC3415143 DOI: 10.1155/2012/720185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.
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Bertl K, Schoiber A, Haririan H, Laky M, Steiner I, Rausch WD, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Non-surgical periodontal therapy influences salivary melatonin levels. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1219-25. [PMID: 22847856 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin is a hormone, which is involved in the control of the circadian rhythm, but also acts as an antioxidant and immune modulator. Previous studies reported decreased salivary and serum melatonin levels in periodontitis. This prospective cohort trial assessed the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on melatonin levels. METHODS Salivary and serum samples of 60 participants (30 patients suffering from a severe generalized form of periodontitis, 30 healthy controls) were collected at baseline and 19 samples of periodontitis patients after treatment. Salivary and serum melatonin levels were determined by a commercially available ELISA kit and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) by a routine laboratory test. RESULTS At baseline, periodontitis patients showed significantly increased serum CRP values and significantly decreased salivary melatonin levels compared to the control group. Clinical periodontal parameters significantly correlated with salivary melatonin levels and serum CRP. Periodontal therapy resulted in a recovery of the decreased salivary melatonin levels and a negative correlation was detected for the changes of salivary melatonin and the inflammatory parameter bleeding on probing. Serum melatonin levels showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Salivary melatonin levels recovered after periodontal therapy and correlated with a decrease of local periodontal inflammation. This may imply the local involvement of melatonin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis due to its antioxidant abilities. However, the exact role of melatonin in periodontal disease remains to be investigated in future trials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present results suggest salivary melatonin as a risk indicator for the severity of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bertl
- Division of Oral Surgery, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Vienna, Austria
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Protective effect of melatonin on acute pancreatitis. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:173675. [PMID: 22606640 PMCID: PMC3347751 DOI: 10.1155/2012/173675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a product of the pineal gland, is released from the gut mucosa in response to food ingestion. Specific receptors for melatonin have been detected in many gastrointestinal tissues including the pancreas. Melatonin as well as its precursor, L-tryptophan, attenuates the severity of acute pancreatitis and protects the pancreatic tissue from the damage caused by acute inflammation. The beneficial effect of melatonin on acute pancreatitis, which has been reported in many experimental studies and supported by clinical observations, is related to: (1) enhancement of antioxidant defense of the pancreatic tissue, through direct scavenging of toxic radical oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, (2) preservation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes; such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx), (3) the decline of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis α (TNFα) production, accompanied by stimulation of an anti-inflammatory IL-10, (4) improvement of pancreatic blood flow and decrease of neutrophil infiltration, (5) reduction of apoptosis and necrosis in the inflamed pancreatic tissue, (6) increased production of chaperon protein (HSP60), and (7) promotion of regenerative process in the pancreas. Conclusion. Endogenous melatonin produced from L-tryptophan could be one of the native mechanisms protecting the pancreas from acute damage and accelerating regeneration of this gland. The beneficial effects of melatonin shown in experimental studies suggest that melatonin ought to be employed in the clinical trials as a supportive therapy in acute pancreatitis and could be used in people at high risk for acute pancreatitis to prevent the development of pancreatic inflammation.
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Hübner S, Efthymiadis A. Recent progress in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:403-57. [PMID: 22366957 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies published in Histochemistry and Cell Biology in the year 2011 represent once more a manifest of established and newly sophisticated techniques being exploited to put tissue- and cell type-specific molecules into a functional context. The review is therefore the Histochemistry and Cell Biology's yearly intention to provide interested readers appropriate summaries of investigations touching the areas of tissue biology, developmental biology, the biology of the immune system, stem cell research, the biology of subcellular compartments, in order to put the message of such studies into natural scientific-/human- and also pathological-relevant correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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