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Yoon JY, Vu HT, Lee JH, Shin JS, Kim HW, Lee HH, Kim JB, Lee JH. Evaluation of Human Platelet Lysate as an Alternative to Fetal Bovine Serum for Potential Clinical Applications of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Cells 2024; 13:847. [PMID: 38786069 PMCID: PMC11120611 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in demand for and research focus on cell therapy, driven by the tissue-regenerative and disease-treating potentials of stem cells. Among the candidates, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have garnered significant attention due to their easy accessibility (non-invasive), multi-lineage differentiation capability (especially neurogenesis), and low immunogenicity. Utilizing these stem cells for clinical purposes requires careful culture techniques such as excluding animal-derived supplements. Human platelet lysate (hPL) has emerged as a safer alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture. In our study, we assessed the impact of hPL as a growth factor supplement for culture medium, also conducting a characterization of SHED cultured in hPL-supplemented medium (hPL-SHED). The results showed that hPL has effects in enhancing cell proliferation and migration and increasing cell survivability in oxidative stress conditions induced by H2O2. The morphology of hPL-SHED exhibited reduced size and elongation, with a differentiation capacity comparable to or even exceeding that of SHED cultured in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS-SHED). Moreover, no evidence of chromosome abnormalities or tumor formation was detected. In conclusion, hPL-SHED emerges as a promising candidate for cell therapy, exhibiting considerable potential for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Yoon
- Institute for Stem Cell & Matters, Cell & Matter Corporation, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.H.L.); (H.-W.K.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
| | - Huong Thu Vu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medincine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 17000, Vietnam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell & Matters, Cell & Matter Corporation, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.H.L.); (H.-W.K.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell & Matters, Cell & Matter Corporation, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.H.L.); (H.-W.K.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell & Matters, Cell & Matter Corporation, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (J.H.L.); (H.-W.K.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.T.V.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Kearney M, McReynolds DE, Duncan HF. Isolation and Culture of Primary Human Dental Pulp Cells-A Description of Technical and Methodological Steps to Maximise Predictability and Yield. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:22. [PMID: 38525780 PMCID: PMC10961800 DOI: 10.3390/mps7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp has critical functions in tooth development as well as an ongoing role in promoting and maintaining the vitality of teeth. In particular, its regenerative ability allows dental tissues to be restored following damage caused by traumatic injury or caries. Regenerative endodontic procedures aim to utilise these processes to stimulate dental pulp repair in a minimally invasive manner and reduce the need for more invasive procedures such as root canal treatment. Dental pulp is a source of dental pulp cells (DPCs), which has a subpopulation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are attractive for use in regenerative medicine due to their high proliferation rate, ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, and their preserved vitality following cryopreservation. The development of next-generation clinical therapeutics that maximise the potential of dental pulp relies on strong empirical evidence arising from in vitro experimentation. Here, we describe a modified method for the efficient isolation of primary human DPCs from sound third molar teeth for culture using an explant outgrowth method on basement membrane-coated flasks, as well as using high-resolution macro-photography to illustrate the methods. Critically, steps are taken to minimise potential physical and mechanical trauma to the cells and maximise yield. Human DPCs cultured using this method can be further expanded in cell culture flasks to facilitate their use in various in vitro experimental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Ren K, Vickers R, Murillo J, Ruparel NB. Revolutionizing orofacial pain management: the promising potential of stem cell therapy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1239633. [PMID: 38028430 PMCID: PMC10679438 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain remains a significant health issue in the United States. Pain originating from the orofacial region can be composed of a complex array of unique target tissue that contributes to the varying success of pain management. Long-term use of analgesic drugs includes adverse effects such as physical dependence, gastrointestinal bleeding, and incomplete efficacy. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for their pain relieving properties has garnered increased attention. In addition to the preclinical and clinical results showing stem cell analgesia in non-orofacial pain, studies have also shown promising results for orofacial pain treatment. Here we discuss the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell treatment for pain and compare the properties of stem cells from different tissues of origin. We also discuss the mechanism underlying these analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties, including the role of immune cells and the endogenous opioid system. Lastly, advancements in the methods and procedures to treat patients experiencing orofacial pain with mesenchymal stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russel Vickers
- Clinical Stem Cells Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Oral Health Center, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Queensland, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nikita B. Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Shahani P, Mahadevan A, Mondal K, Waghmare G, Datta I. Repeat intramuscular transplantation of human dental pulp stromal cells is more effective in sustaining Schwann cell survival and myelination for functional recovery after onset of diabetic neuropathy. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1200-1211. [PMID: 37642606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for diabetic neuropathy (DN) has been extensively researched in vitro and in pre-clinical studies; however, the clinical scenario thus far has been disappointing. Temporary recovery, a common feature of these studies, indicates that either the retention of transplanted cells deteriorates with time or recovery of supportive endogenous cells, such as bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), does not occur, requiring further replenishment. In DN, BM-MSCs are recognized mediators of Schwann cell regeneration, and we have earlier shown that they suffer impairment in the pre-neuropathy stage. In this study, we attempted to further elucidate the mechanisms of functional recovery by focusing on changes occurring at the cellular level in the sciatic nerve, in conjunction with the biodistribution and movement patterns of the transplanted cells, to define the interval between doses. METHOD & RESULTS We found that two doses of 1 × 106 dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) transplanted intramuscularly at an interval of 4 weeks effectively improved nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and restored motor coordination through improving sciatic nerve architecture, Schwann cell survival and myelination. Despite very minimal recovery of endogenous BM-MSCs, a temporary restoration of NCV and motor function was achieved with the first dose of DPSC transplantation. However, this did not persist, and a repeat dose was needed to consolidate functional improvement and rehabilitate the sciatic nerve architecture. CONCLUSION Thus, repeat intramuscular transplantation of DPSCs is more effective for maintenance of Schwann cell survival and myelination for functional recovery after onset of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kallolika Mondal
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Girish Waghmare
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
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Wang W, Sun J, Aarabi G, Peters U, Fischer F, Klatt J, Gosau M, Smeets R, Beikler T. Effect of tetracycline hydrochloride application on dental pulp stem cell metabolism-booster or obstacle for tissue engineering? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1277075. [PMID: 37841936 PMCID: PMC10568071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1277075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cells and scaffolds are an important foundation and starting point for tissue engineering. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are mesenchymal stem cells with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, and are ideal candidates for tissue engineering due to their excellent biological properties and accessibility without causing major trauma at the donor site. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been widely used in recent years for the synthesis of cellular scaffolds to reduce the incidence of postoperative infections. Methods: In order to evaluate the effects of TCH on DPSC, the metabolism of DPSC in different concentrations of TCH environment was tested. Moreover, cell morphology, survival rates, proliferation rates, cell migration rates and differentiation abilities of DPSC at TCH concentrations of 0-500 μg/ml were measured. Phalloidin staining, live-dead staining, MTS assay, cell scratch assay and real-time PCR techniques were used to detect the changes in DPSC under varies TCH concentrations. Results: At TCH concentrations higher than 250 μg/ml, DPSC cells were sequestered, the proportion of dead cells increased, and the cell proliferation capacity and cell migration capacity decreased. The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation abilities of DPSC, however, were already inhibited at TCH con-centrations higher than 50 μg/ml. Here, the expression of the osteogenic genes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN), the lipogenic genes lipase (LPL), as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression were found to be down-regulated. Discussion: The results of the study indicated that TCH in concentrations above 50 µg/ml negatively affects the differentiation capability of DPSC. In addition, TCH at concentrations above 250 µg/ml adversely affects the growth status, percentage of living cells, proliferation and migration ability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jiangling Sun
- Department of Science and Education, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Fischer
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Klatt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang Z, Huang M, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Xu L. Comparison of Biological Properties and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Mesoderm and Ectoderm. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4547875. [PMID: 37333060 PMCID: PMC10276766 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4547875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the 1970s, they have been widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases because of their wide sources, strong differentiation potential, rapid expansion in vitro, low immunogenicity, and so on. At present, most of the related research is on mesoderm-derived MSCs (M-MSCs) such as bone marrow MSCs and adipose-derived MSCs. As a type of MSC, ectoderm-derived MSCs (E-MSCs) have a stronger potential for self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulation and have more advantages than M-MSCs in some specific conditions. This paper analyzes the relevant research development of E-MSCs compared with that of M-MSCs; summarizes the extraction, discrimination and culture, biological characteristics, and clinical application of E-MSCs; and discusses the application prospects of E-MSCs. This summary provides a theoretical basis for the better application of MSCs from both ectoderm and mesoderm in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Mahdavi-Jouibari F, Parseh B, Kazeminejad E, Khosravi A. Hopes and opportunities of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cartilage tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1021024. [PMID: 36860887 PMCID: PMC9968979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions are common conditions, affecting elderly and non-athletic populations. Despite recent advances, cartilage regeneration remains a major challenge today. The absence of an inflammatory response following damage and the inability of stem cells to penetrate into the healing site due to the absence of blood and lymph vessels are assumed to hinder joint repair. Stem cell-based regeneration and tissue engineering have opened new horizons for treatment. With advances in biological sciences, especially stem cell research, the function of various growth factors in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation has been established. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues have been shown to increase into therapeutically relevant cell numbers and differentiate into mature chondrocytes. As MSCs can differentiate and become engrafted inside the host, they are considered suitable candidates for cartilage regeneration. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) provide a novel and non-invasive source of MSCs. Due to their simple isolation, chondrogenic differentiation potential, and minimal immunogenicity, they can be an interesting option for cartilage regeneration. Recent studies have reported that SHED-derived secretome contains biomolecules and compounds that efficiently promote regeneration in damaged tissues, including cartilage. Overall, this review highlighted the advances and challenges of cartilage regeneration using stem cell-based therapies by focusing on SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavi-Jouibari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Benyamin Parseh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezatolah Kazeminejad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
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Sramkó B, Földes A, Kádár K, Varga G, Zsembery Á, Pircs K. The Wisdom in Teeth: Neuronal Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:32-44. [PMID: 36719998 PMCID: PMC9963504 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are found in almost all postnatal organs. Under appropriate environmental cues, multipotency enables MSCs to serve as progenitors for several lineage-specific, differentiated cell types. In vitro expansion and differentiation of MSCs give the opportunity to obtain hardly available somatic cells, such as neurons. The neurogenic potential of MSCs makes them a promising, autologous source to restore damaged tissue and as such, they have received much attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Several stem cell pool candidates have been studied thus far, but only a few of them showed neurogenic differentiation potential. Due to their embryonic ontology, stem cells residing in the stroma of the dental pulp chamber are an exciting source for in vitro neural cell differentiation. In this study, we review the key properties of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), with a particular focus on their neurogenic potential. Moreover, we summarize the various presently available methods used for neural differentiation of human DPSCs also emphasizing the difficulties in reproducibly high production of such cells. We postulate that because DPSCs are stem cells with very close ontology to neurogenic lineages, they may serve as excellent targets for neuronal differentiation in vitro and even for direct reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendegúz Sramkó
- HCEMM-SU Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Kádár
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karolina Pircs
- HCEMM-SU Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lott K, Collier P, Ringor M, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Administration of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) to Induce Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) Isolates. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020255. [PMID: 36830791 PMCID: PMC9953474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging populations in many countries have developed many chronic illnesses and diseases, including chronic neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's and Azheimer's diseases. Many new lines of research and treatment are focusing on the potential for neurologic regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine. This may include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which have recently been demonstrated to produce neuronal precursors. Based upon this evidence, the primary aim of this study was to determine if the growth factors used in MSC-based studies are sufficient to induce neuronal differentiation among DPSCs. Using an existing biorepository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were thawed and cultured for this study, which revealed several subpopulations of rapid-, intermediate-, and slowly dividing DPSCs. Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were sufficient to induce differential changes in growth and viability mainly among some of the rapidly growing DPSCs (n = 4). These phenotypic changes included expression of neural differentiation markers including Sox1, Pax6 and NF-M, which were observed only among those DPSC isolates not expressing early odontoblast-specific biomarkers such as ALP and DSPP. Future studies will be needed to confirm if these methods are sufficient to induce consistent and reliable induction of DPSCs towards neuronal specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Lott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Paris Collier
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Marc Ringor
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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Fu J, Li X, Jin F, Dong Y, Zhou H, Alhaskawi A, Wang Z, Lai J, Yao C, Ezzi SHA, Kota VG, Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla M, Chen B, Lu H. The potential roles of dental pulp stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1098857. [PMID: 36712432 PMCID: PMC9874689 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1098857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve diseases are significantly correlated with severe fractures or trauma and surgeries, leading to poor life quality and impairment of physical and mental health. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are neural crest stem cells with a strong multi-directional differentiation potential and proliferation capacity that provide a novel cell source for nerve regeneration. DPSCs are easily extracted from dental pulp tissue of human permanent or deciduous teeth. DPSCs can express neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors and, subsequently, induce blood vessel formation and nerve regeneration. Therefore, DPSCs yield valuable therapeutic potential in the management of peripheral neuropathies. With the purpose of summarizing the advances in DPSCs and their potential applications in peripheral neuropathies, this article reviews the biological characteristics of DPSCs in association with the mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- 1Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xigong Li
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilu Jin
- 3Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- 4Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingtian Lai
- 4Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengjun Yao
- 4Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Vishnu Goutham Kota
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Bin Chen
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Lu
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,6Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Hui Lu ✉
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11
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Craniomaxillofacial derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) for craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering: A literature review. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e650-e659. [PMID: 35691558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial bone defects seriously affect the appearance, function, and psychological status of patients. Traditional autologous bone grafting is very challenging due to the limited sources of bone tissue, excessive surgical trauma, and high incidence of related complications. Craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are emerging as an alternative. Craniomaxillofacial BMSCs (C-BMSCs) are homologous to craniomaxillofacial bones, which develop from the mesoderm and neural crest. This article aims to compare the differences in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune regulation of C-BMSCs and other sources of BMSCs, and propose ideas and strategies such as 3D printing and mechanotherapy to completely harness the characteristics of C-BMSCs. In conclusion, C-BSMCs are a promising source of stem cells for the repair and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects, and more attention should be paid to accelerating their basic research and clinical practices.
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12
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Demant S, Schoenmaker T, van Erck SMG, Dabelsteen S, de Vries TJ, Bjørndal L. Intra-pulpal connective tissue formation and the advanced carious lesion: Is chondrogenesis and heterotopic ossification a response to pulpal inflammation? Int Endod J 2022; 55:1212-1224. [PMID: 36056458 PMCID: PMC9826515 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS (a) The aim of this study was to investigate both the formation of dense connective tissue within the dental pulp, and its association with pulpal inflammation in teeth with advanced carious lesions; and (b) to investigate in vitro whether inflammation affects the expression of markers related to chondrogenesis/osteogenesis in pulp cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiology and Histology: Forty-six teeth with advanced carious lesions were radiographically investigated for intra-pulpal radiodense structures. Specimens were processed for histology and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and proteoglycan-specific stains. The intra-pulpal connective tissue was scored as pulp stones or ectopic connective tissue. Cell culture: pulpal cells from human third molars (n = 5) were cultured in chondrogenic medium +/- TLR2/4 agonists. Expression of the genes IL6, TLR2/4, SOX9, COL1A1, COL2A1, TGFB1, RUNX2 and ALPL was assessed by qPCR. Proteoglycan content within cultures was assessed spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Radiodense structures were discovered in about half of all pulps. They were associated with ectopic connective tissue (χ2 = 8.932, p = .004, OR = 6.80, 95% CI: [1.84, 25.19]) and with pulp stones (χ2 = 12.274, df = 1, p < .001, OR = 22.167, 95% CI: [2.57, 200.00]). The morphology of the ectopic tissue resembled cartilage and was associated with inflammatory infiltration of the pulp (χ2 = 10.148, p = .002, OR = 17.77, 95% CI: [2.05, 154.21]). After continuous stimulation of cultured cells with TLR2/4 agonists, the expression of two inflammatory markers increased: IL6 at Days 7 (p = .020) and 14 (p = .008); TLR2 at Days 7 (p = .023) and 14 (p = .009). Similarly, expression of chondrogenic markers decreased: SOX9 at Day 14 (p = .035) and TGFB1 at Day 7 (p = .004), and the osteogenic marker COL1A1 at Day 7 (p = .007). Proteoglycan content did not differ between unstimulated and stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic connective tissue resembling cartilage can form in teeth affected by advanced carious lesions. This tissue type is radiographically visible and is associated with inflammatory infiltration of the pulp. Although TLR2/4 agonists led to an inflammatory response in cell culture of pulp cells, the effect on the expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic markers was limited, suggesting that immune cells are needed for connective tissue formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Demant
- Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark,Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Endodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sophie M. G. van Erck
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Teun J. de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Bjørndal
- Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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13
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Chen X, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Zhang X, Li X. Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Strategies for Retinal Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101901. [PMID: 36292786 PMCID: PMC9602395 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are major causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness. Despite extensive research into their pathophysiology and etiology, pharmacotherapy effectiveness and surgical outcomes remain poor. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases holds great promise, and various approaches have been applied to the therapies. However, hindered by the retinal barriers, the initial vision for the stem cell replacement strategy fails to achieve the anticipated effect and has now been questioned. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the paracrine effect may play a dominant role in MSC-based treatment, and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles emerge as a novel compelling alternative for cell-free therapy. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential and current strategies of this fascinating class of cells in retinal degeneration and other retinal dysfunctions.
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14
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Cultivation of Cryopreserved Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells—A New Approach to Maintaining Dental Pulp Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911485. [PMID: 36232787 PMCID: PMC9570360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are capable of self-renewal with multilineage differentiation potential. After being cryopreserved, hDPSCs were reported to maintain a high level of proliferation and multi-differentiation abilities. In order to optimize cryopreservation techniques, decrease storage requirements and lower contamination risks, the feasibility of new whole-tooth cryopreservation and its effects on hDPSCs were tested. The survival rates, morphology, proliferation rates, cell activity, surface antigens and differentiation abilities of hDPSCs isolated from fresh teeth were compared with those of one-month cryopreserved teeth in 5% and 10% DMSO. The data of the present study indicated that the new cryopreservation approach did not reduce the capabilities or stemness of hDPSCs, with the exception that it extended the first appearance time of hDPSCs in the teeth that were cryopreserved in 10% DMSO, and reduced their recovery rate. With the novel strategy of freezing, the hDPSCs still expressed the typical surface markers of MSCs and maintained excellent proliferation capacity. Three consecutive weeks of osteogenic and adipogenic induction also showed that the expression of the key genes in hDPSCs, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OSC) was not affected, indicating that their differentiation abilities remained intact, which are crucial parameters for hDPSCs as cell-therapy candidates. These results demonstrated that the new cryopreservation method is low-cost and effective for the good preservation of hDPSCs without compromising cell performance, and can provide ideas and evidence for the future application of stem-cell therapies and the establishment of dental banks.
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15
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Sangsuwan P, Chotigeat W, Tannukit S, Kedjarune-Leggat U. Long-Term Effect of Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Mimicked Biological Property of Recombinant Translationally Controlled Protein. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163341. [PMID: 36015596 PMCID: PMC9412370 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) by adding mimicked biological molecules to reduce cell death. GIC was modified to BIOGIC by adding chitosan and bovine serum albumin for enhancing protein release. The BIOGIC was supplemented with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and recombinant translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) to improve its biological properties. Four groups of materials, GIC, BIOGIC, BIOGIC+TCP, and BIOGIC + TCP + TCTP, were examined by XRD and SEM-EDX. TCTP released from the specimens was determined by an ELISA method. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were harvested and analyzed by MTT assay, apoptosis, gene expression, and cell differentiation. All groups had the same crystallization characteristic peaks of La2O3. The elemental compositions composed of La, Si, and Al are the main inorganic components. The results show that BIOGIC + TCP + TCTP presented significantly higher percentages of cell viability than other groups on day 1 to day 23 (p < 0.05), but were not different after day 24 to day 41 and had reduced cell apoptosis including BAX, TPT1, BCL-2, and Caspase-3. The BIOGIC + TCP + TCTP demonstrated higher odontoblast mineralization and differentiation markers including ALP activity, DSPP, DMP-1, ALP, BMP-2, and OPN. It enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation as well as mineralization with down-regulation of genes related to apoptosis compared with other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawichaya Sangsuwan
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Biological Science Division, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Biological Science Division, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Sissada Tannukit
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Cell Biology and Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Ureporn Kedjarune-Leggat
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Cell Biology and Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mu X, Liu H, Yang S, Li Y, Xiang L, Hu M, Wang X. Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18509-18520. [PMID: 35694480 PMCID: PMC9178771 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Facial nerve injury is a common clinical condition that leads to disfigurement and emotional distress in the affected individuals, and the recovery presents clinical challenges. Tissue engineering is the standard method to repair nerve defects. However, nerve regeneration is still not satisfactory because of poor neovascularization after implantation, especially for the long-segment nerve defects. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the potential of chitosan tubes inoculated with stem cell factor (SCF) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in facial nerve-vascularized regeneration. In the in vitro experiment, DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and then identified. The optimal concentration of SCF was screened by CCK8. Cytoskeleton and living-cell staining, migration, CCK8 test, and neural differentiation assays were performed, revealing that SCF promoted the biological activity of DPSCs. Surprisingly, SCF increased the neural differentiation of DPSCs. The migration and angiogenesis experiments were carried out to show that SCF promoted the angiogenesis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the facial nerve, 7 mm defects of New Zealand white rabbits, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy observation were performed at 12 weeks postsurgery to show more nerve fibers and better myelin sheath in the SCF + DPSC group. In addition, the whisker movements, Masson's staining, and western blot assays were performed, demonstrating functional repair and that the expression level of CD31 protein in the group SCF + DPSCs was relatively close to that in the group Autograft. In summary, chitosan tubes inoculated with SCF and DPSCs increased neurovascularization and provided an effective method for repairing facial nerve defects, indicating great promise for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Mu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New
Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New
Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Yong Z, Kuang G, Fengying S, Shoumei X, Duohong Z, Jiacai H, Xuyan T. Comparison of the Angiogenic Ability between SHED and DPSC in a Mice Model with Critical Limb Ischemic. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:861-870. [PMID: 35474506 PMCID: PMC9294125 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine by using stem cells from dental pulp is promising for treating patients with critical limb ischemic (CLI). Here, we investigated the difference in the angiogenetic ability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). METHODS SHED and DPSC were harvested from dental pulp and analyzed in flow- cytometry for detecting the expression of surface markers. Levels of angiogenetic marker were examined by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Eighteen immunodeficient mice of critical limb ischemic model were divided into three groups: SHED, DPSC and saline, which was administered with SHED, DPSC or saline intramuscularly. Histological examination was performed to detect the regenerative results. RESULTS A highly expression of CD146 was detected in SHED. Moreover, cells with negative expression of both CD146 and CD31 in SHED were more in comparison with those in DPSC. Expression of angiogenesis factors including CXCL12, CXCR4, Hif-1a, CD31, VEGF and bFGF were significant higher in SHED than DPSC by the RT-PCR and Western-Blot results. SHED induced more CD31 expression and less fibrous tissue formation in the critical limb ischemic model as compare with DPSC and saline. CONCLUSION Both SHED and DPSC possessed the ability of repairing CLI. With expressing more proangiogenesis factors, SHED may have the advantage of repairing CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yong
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gu Kuang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sun Fengying
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xuan Shoumei
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zou Duohong
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - He Jiacai
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tang Xuyan
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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18
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Effects of mechanical force on proliferation and apoptosis of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5205-5213. [PMID: 35441898 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to explore the effects of mechanical force on the proliferation, apoptosis, and morphology of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp (SHEDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Caries-free stranded deciduous teeth were extracted, and SHEDs were isolated through enzymatic digestion. The cultured SHEDs were subjected to different levels of mechanical stimuli (0, 100, 200, and 300 g) for 7 days (30 min/day) using external centrifugal force. Cell proliferation was evaluated with the CCK-8 assay, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The cell morphology was examined using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Cell proliferation assay showed no differences between the three stimulation groups and the control group in day 1 to day 3. From the 4th day, cell proliferation was significantly lower in the mechanical force groups than in the control group, but no significant difference was observed among the three mechanical force groups. Besides, there was no significant difference in cell apoptosis among the four groups for 7 days. On day 7 after stimulation, the SHEDs were shrunken, with significantly increased isochromosome in the nucleus and an increase in lysosomes. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force can inhibit the proliferation and affect morphology of SHEDs, but it has no effect on cell apoptosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical force stimulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation of SHEDs. Mechanical force stimulation had no significant effect on cell apoptosis of SHEDs. The morphology and ultrastructure of SHEDs changed after mechanical force stimulation.
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19
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Irfan M, Kim JH, Druzinsky RE, Ravindran S, Chung S. Complement C5aR/LPS-induced BDNF and NGF modulation in human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2042. [PMID: 35132159 PMCID: PMC8821590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a variety of cells and secrete nerve regeneration factors have become an emerging option in nerve regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) appear to be a good candidate for nerve regeneration given their accessibility, neural crest origin, and neural repair qualities. We have recently demonstrated that the complement C5a system, which is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue regeneration, is activated by lipoteichoic acid-treated pulp fibroblasts, and governs the production of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF). This BDNF secretion promotes neurite outgrowth towards the injury site. Here, we extend our observation to DPSCs and compare their neurogenic ability to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) under inflammatory stimulation. Our ELISA and immunostaining data demonstrate that blocking the C5a receptor (C5aR) reduced BDNF production in DPSCs, while treatment with C5aR agonist increased the BDNF expression, which suggests that C5aR has a positive regulatory role in the BDNF modulation of DPSCs. Inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment potentiated this effect and is C5aR dependent. Most important, DPSCs produced significantly higher levels of C5aR-mediated BDNF compared to BM-MSCs. Taken together, our data reveal novel roles for C5aR and inflammation in modulation of BDNF and NGF in DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert E Druzinsky
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seung Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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20
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Venugopal C, Shobha K, Rai KS, Dhanushkodi A. Neurogenic and cognitive enhancing effects of human dental pulp stem cells and its secretome in animal model of hippocampal neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:46-58. [PMID: 34979238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progressive hippocampal neuronal losses, neuroinflammation, declined neurogenesis and impaired hippocampal functions are pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Halting neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampus is a major challenge in treating such disease conditions which, if unsuccessful would lead to learning/memory dysfunction and co-morbidities like anxiety/depression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy provides hope for treating neurodegenerative diseases by either replacing lost neurons by transplantation of MSCs which might differentiate into appropriate neuronal phenotypes or by stimulating the resident neural stem cells for proliferation/differentiation. In this current study, we demonstrate that the intrahippocampal transplantation of ectoderm originated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or intrahippocampal injection of DPSCs condition medium (DPSCs-CM) in a mouse model of hippocampal neurodegeneration could efficiently prevent neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory functions much superior to commonly used bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or its secretome. Probing the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection revealed that DPSCs/DPSCs-CM treatment upregulated an array of hosts' endogenous neural survival factors expression, reduced pro-apoptotic caspase activity and upregulated the anti-apoptotic factors BCL-2 and phosphorylated PI3K prominently than BM-MSCs/BM-MSCs-CM, suggesting that among MSCs, neural crest originated DPSCs might be a better adult stem cell candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venugopal
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - K Shobha
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kiranmai S Rai
- Dept. of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher, Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anandh Dhanushkodi
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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21
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Al Madhoun A, Sindhu S, Haddad D, Atari M, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717624. [PMID: 34712658 PMCID: PMC8545885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering have the potential of treating numerous tissue and organ defects. The use of adult stem cells is of particular interest when it comes to dynamic applications in translational medicine. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been traced in third molars of adult humans. DPSCs have been isolated and characterized by several groups. DPSCs have promising characteristics including self-renewal capacity, rapid proliferation, colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and pluripotent gene expression profile. Nevertheless, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneities have been reported for DPSCs subpopulations which may influence their therapeutic potentials. The underlying causes of DPSCs’ heterogeneity remain poorly understood; however, their heterogeneity emerges as a consequence of an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. The main objective of the manuscript is to review the current literature related to the human DPSCs derived from the third molar, with a focus on their physiological properties, isolation procedures, culture conditions, self-renewal, proliferation, lineage differentiation capacities and their prospective advances use in pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maher Atari
- Biointelligence Technology Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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22
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Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Khanna M. Chondrogenic Potential of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. OSTEOLOGY 2021; 1:149-174. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has revolutionized the world in organ and tissue regeneration. With the robust research among regenerative medicine experts and researchers, the plausibility of regenerating cartilage has come into the limelight. For cartilage tissue engineering, orthopedic surgeons and orthobiologists use the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of various origins along with the cytokines, growth factors, and scaffolds. The least utilized MSCs are of dental origin, which are the richest sources of stromal and progenitor cells. There is a paradigm shift towards the utilization of dental source MSCs in chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration. Dental-derived MSCs possess similar phenotypes and genotypes like other sources of MSCs along with specific markers such as dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP) -1, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and STRO-1. Concerning chondrogenicity, there is literature with marginal use of dental-derived MSCs. Various studies provide evidence for in-vitro and in-vivo chondrogenesis by dental-derived MSCs. With such evidence, clinical trials must be taken up to support or refute the evidence for regenerating cartilage tissues by dental-derived MSCs. This article highlights the significance of dental-derived MSCs for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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23
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Du Z, Shi X, Guan A. lncRNA H19 facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via EZH2-dependent LATS1 methylation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:116-126. [PMID: 34401209 PMCID: PMC8339349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have been recognized as a candidate cell source for tissue engineering. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in inflamed human dental pulp tissues. The present study is aimed at investigating the role of lncRNA H19 in the differentiation potential of hDPSCs. hDPSCs were successfully isolated and cultured, followed by conducting gain and loss-of-function experiments on lncRNA H19 and large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) to elucidate their respective biological functions in hDPSCs. lncRNA H19 was able to promote, whereas LATS1 was found to inhibit the differentiation, proliferation, and migration capabilities of hDPSCs. LATS1 was found to activate the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway by decreasing levels of YAP and Tafazzin (TAZ). The effects of lncRNA H19 on hDPSCs were achieved by repressing LATS1 through enhancer of zeste homolog 2-induced trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27. Finally, hDPSCs overexpressing lncRNA H19 and/or LATS1 were transplanted into nude mice. It was shown that lncRNA H19 inhibited LATS1 to promote the production of odontoblasts in vivo. Taken together, lncRNA H19 serves as a contributor to the differentiation potential of hDPSCs via the inhibition of LATS1, therefore highlighting novel therapeutic targets for dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Du
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Aizhong Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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24
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Induced Neural Cells from Human Dental Pulp Ameliorate Functional Recovery in a Murine Model of Cerebral Infarction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:595-608. [PMID: 34453695 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells are a promising cell source for the treatment of stroke. Their primary mechanism of action occurs via neuroprotective effects by trophic factors, anti-inflammatory effects, and immunomodulation. However, the regeneration of damaged neuronal networks by cell transplantation remains challenging. We hypothesized that cells induced to neural lineages would fit the niche, replace the lesion, and be more effective in improving symptoms compared with stem cells themselves. We investigated the characteristics of induced neural cells from human dental pulp tissue and compared the transplantation effects between these induced neural cells and uninduced dental pulp stem cells. Induced neural cells or dental pulp stem cells were intracerebrally transplanted 5 days after cerebral infarction induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in immunodeficient mice. Effects on functional recovery were also assessed through behavior testing. We used immunohistochemistry and neuron tracing to analyze the differentiation, axonal extension, and connectivity of transplanted cells to the host's neural circuit. Transplantation of induced neural cells from human dental pulp ameliorated functional recovery after cerebral infarction compared with dental pulp stem cells. The induced neural cells comprised both neurons and glia and expressed functional voltage, and they were more related to neurogenesis in terms of transcriptomics. Induced neural cells had a higher viability than did dental pulp stem cells in hypoxic culture. We showed that induced neural cells from dental pulp tissue offer a novel therapeutic approach for recovery after cerebral infarction.
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25
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Search for Novel Plasma Membrane Proteins as Potential Biomarkers in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp, Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow, and Hair Follicle. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:409-422. [PMID: 34230997 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the drawbacks preventing the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical practice is the heterogeneous nature of their cultures. MSC cultures are not homogeneously formed by the MSCs and may contain non-mesenchymal cell types. Therefore, prior to use in clinics or research, complete characterization of MSCs should be performed to demonstrate the existence or absence of proper stem cell markers, many of which are happened to be cell-surface proteins. Unfortunately, the success of MSC characterization studies is limited due to the low specificity of the currently available cell-surface markers. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the plasma membrane (PM) proteins of MSCs isolated from human dental pulp (DP), adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM), and hair follicle (HF) with the hope of proposing novel putative specific MSC markers. Differential-velocity centrifugation was used to enrich PM proteins. The isolated proteins were then identified by nLC-MS/MS and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Proteins that were unique to each MSC type (CD9, CD10, CD63 for DP-MSCs; CD26, CD81, CD201, CD364 for AT-MSCs; Cd49a, CD49d for HF-MSCs; CD49e, CD56, CD92, CD97, CD156b, CD156c, CD220, CD221, CD298, CD315 for BM-MSCs) and common to all four MSC types (CD13, CD29, CD44, CD51, CD59, CD73, CD90) were identified. Uncharacterized proteins that have transmembrane (TM) domains were also detected. Some of the proteins identified in this study were the putative cell-surface markers that might be used for characterization of MSCs.
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26
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Zheng Y, Jiang LI, Yan M, Gosau M, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Friedrich RE. Optimizing Conditions for Spheroid Formation of Dental Pulp Cells in Cell Culture. In Vivo 2021; 35:1965-1972. [PMID: 34182470 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Spheroid formation is a well-known feature of stem/progenitor cells. Dental pulp cells (DPCs) cultured in serum-free medium can also form spheroids. However, the success rate varies largely depending on various factors. This study aimed to explore these factors and optimize the conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary DPCs were obtained from 6 wisdom teeth. Possible influencing factors including donor teeth, concentrations of the KnockOut Serum Replacement (KSR), seeding density (regarding surface and volume), passage and freezing were tested. RESULTS DPCs from all 6 donor teeth formed spheroids in serum-free medium. Number, size, and total area of spheroids varied among different donor teeth. Optimal concentration of the KSR and seeding densities also varied from tooth to tooth. Generally, high KSR and high cell density lead to better spheroid formation. However, very high KSR and cell density can also lead to cell death and the fusion of spheroids to irregular aggregates. CONCLUSION An initial setting can be recommended as: Serum-free MEM plus 10-15% KSR and seeding densities of 1-2×105 cells/ml and 2×105 cells/cm2 These parameters provide a direction for optimizing the condition for obtaining spheroids from human DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zheng
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L I Jiang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sari AS, Demirçay E, Öztürk A, Terzi A, Karaöz E. The promising effects of BMP2 transfected mesenchymal stem cells on human osteosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:301-313. [PMID: 34377054 PMCID: PMC8313938 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2101-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying specific antioncogenes to the tumor was suggested as a treatment option. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) was shown to inhibit the proliferation and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Here, we aimed to assess the homing efficiency of intraperitoneally administered hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
to the tumoral site and their effects on OS using an orthotopic xenograft murine model. Orthotopic xenograft murine model of OS in six-week-old female NOD/SCID mice using 143B cells was established. hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
(BMP2+hMSC) were used. In vivo experiments performed on four groups of mice that received no treatment, or intraperitoneally administered BMP2, hMSCs, and BMP2+hMSCs. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were used to evaluate the pathological identification and to assess the dimensions and necrotic foci of the tumor, the features of lung metastases, and immunostaining against p27, Ki-67, and caspase-3 antibodies. The osteogenic differentiation markers BMP2, BMP4, COL1A1, OPN, OCN and PF4 evaluated using RT-PCR. The tumor dimensions in the hMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the remaining groups (p < 0.01). The number of metastatic foci in the BMP2+hMSCs group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.01). The current results showed that the intraperitoneal route could be efficiently used for targeting hMSCs to the tumoral tissues for effective BMP2 delivery. In this study, the effects of BMP2 transfected hMSCs on human OS and metastasis were promising for achieving osteogenic differentiation and reduced metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sinan Sari
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Emre Demirçay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ayşen Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey.,Istinye University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul Turkey.,Istinye University, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice, İstanbul Turkey.,Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul Turkey
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28
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Adriztina I, Munir D, Sandra F, Ichwan M, Bashiruddin J, Putra IB, Farhat, Sembiring RJ, Sartika CR, Chouw A, Pratiwi ED. Differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cell into inner ear hair cell using an in vitro assay: a preliminary step toward treating sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1805-1812. [PMID: 34008035 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is commonly caused by the death or dysfunction of cochlear cell types as a result of their lack of regenerative capacity. However, regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, has become a promising tool to cure many diseases, including hearing loss. In this study, we determined whether DPSCs could differentiate into cochlear hair cell in vitro. METHODS DPSCs derived from human third molar dental pulp were induced into NSCs using a medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 7 days, and then into cochlear hair cell using a medium containing EGF and IGF-1 for the next 14 days. We used the neuroepithelial protein marker nestin and cochlear hair cell marker myosin VIIa as the markers for cells differentiation. Cells expressing the positive markers under the microscope were confirmed to have differentiated into cochlear hair cell. RESULTS DPSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into NSCs, with mean 24% nestin-positive cells. We found that DPSC-derived NSCs have a great capacity in differentiating into inner ear hair cell-like cells with an average of 81% cells presenting myosin VIIa. Thus, DPSCs have high potential to serve as a good resource for SNHL treatment. CONCLUSION We found the high potential of DPSCs to differentiate into NSC. The ability of DPSCs in differentiating into neural lineage cell made them a good candidate for regenerative therapy in neural diseases, such as SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indri Adriztina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia.
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Sandra
- Division of Oral Biology, Departement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Jenny Bashiruddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Imam Budi Putra
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Farhat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur No 5, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Angliana Chouw
- Prodia Stemcell Indonesia, Jl. Kramat VII No.11, Jakarta, Indonesia
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29
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Merckx G, Lo Monaco M, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U, Bronckaers A, Wolfs E. Safety and Homing of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1619-1634. [PMID: 33822326 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers, associated with a huge mortality and morbidity. In order to improve patient outcomes, more efficient and targeted therapies are essential. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) express tumour homing capacity, which could be exploited to target anti-cancer drug delivery to the tumour region and reduce adverse side-effects. Nevertheless, dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs), an MSC-like population present in teeth, could offer important clinical benefits because of their easy isolation and superior proliferation compared to BM-MSCs. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the tumour homing and safe usage of DPSCs to treat HNC. METHODS The in vivo survival as well as the effect of intratumourally administered DPSCs on tumour aggressiveness was tested in a HNC xenograft mouse model by using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), (immuno)histology and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo tumour homing capacity of DPSCs towards a HNC cell line were evaluated by a transwell migration assay and BLI, respectively. RESULTS Intratumourally injected DPSCs survived for at least two weeks in the tumour micro-environment and had no significant influence on tumour morphology, growth, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, DPSCs migrated towards tumour cells in vitro, which could not be confirmed after their in vivo intravenous, intraperitoneal or peritumoural injection under the tested experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that intratumourally delivered DPSCs might be used as safe factories for the continuous delivery of anti-cancer drugs in HNC. Nevertheless, further optimization as well as efficacy studies are necessary to understand and improve in vivo tumour homing and determine the optimal experimental set-up of stem cell-based cancer therapies, including dosing and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Merckx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa Lo Monaco
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Science (IVRU-NARILIS), UNamur - University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Herestraat, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Group of Cardio & Organ Systems (COS), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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30
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Sharma Y, Shobha K, Sundeep M, Pinnelli VB, Parveen S, Dhanushkodi A. Neural Basis of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and its Potential Application in Parkinson's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:62-76. [PMID: 33719979 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210311122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Though significant insights into the molecular-biochemical-cellular-behavioral basis of PD have been understood, there is no appreciable treatment available till date. Current therapies provide symptomatic relief without any influence on the progression of the disease. Stem cell therapy has been vigorously explored to treat PD. In this comprehensive review, we analyze various stem cell candidates for treating PD and discuss the possible mechanisms. We advocate the advantage of using neural crest originated dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) due to their predisposition towards neural differentiation and their potential to regenerate neurons far better than commonly used bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Eventually, we highlight the current challenges in the field and the strategies which may be used for overcoming the impediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Sharma
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Shobha K
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Mata Sundeep
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka. India
| | | | - Shagufta Parveen
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Anandh Dhanushkodi
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka. India
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31
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Jochums A, Volk J, Perduns R, Plum M, Schertl P, Bakopoulou A, Geurtsen W. Influence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) exposure on angiogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Dent Mater 2021; 37:534-546. [PMID: 33579530 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The angiogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is important for tissue homeostasis and wound healing. In this study the influence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on angiogenic differentiation was investigated. METHODS To evaluate HEMA effects on angiogenic differentiation, DPSCs were cultivated in angiogenic differentiation medium (ADM) in the presence or absence of non-toxic HEMA concentrations (0.1 mM and 0.5 mM). Subsequently, angiogenic differentiation was analyzed on the molecular level by qRT-PCR and protein profiler analyzes of angiogenic markers and flow cytometry of PECAM1. The influence of HEMA on angiogenic phenotypes was analyzed by cell migration and sprouting assays. RESULTS Treatment with 0.5 mM HEMA during differentiation can lead to a slight reduction of angiogenic markers on mRNA level. HEMA also seems to slightly reduce the quantity of angiogenic cytokines (not significant). However, these HEMA concentrations have no detectable influence on cell migration, the abundance of PECAM1 and the formation of capillaries. Higher concentrations caused primary cytotoxic effects in angiogenic differentiation experiments conducted for longer periods than 72 h. SIGNIFICANCE Non-cytotoxic HEMA concentrations seem to have a minor impact on the expression of angiogenic markers, essentially on the mRNA level, without affecting the angiogenic differentiation process itself on a detectable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Jochums
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joachim Volk
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Renke Perduns
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Melanie Plum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter Schertl
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece.
| | - Werner Geurtsen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Araldi RP, D’Amelio F, Vigerelli H, de Melo TC, Kerkis I. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Therapeutic Approach for Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Biology to Biotechnology. Cells 2020; 9:E2663. [PMID: 33322404 PMCID: PMC7763259 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population has contributed to the rapid rise in the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the medical advances, there are no effective treatments for these disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatments for these diseases. In this sense, cell therapy has been recognized as the best candidate for treating incurable diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. However, the therapeutic use of these cells can be limited by several factors. Thus, there has been a rediscovery that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, can be alternatively explored in the treatment of these diseases, overcoming the limits of cell-based therapy. In this sense, this review aims to revisit all areas from biology, including biogenesis and the content of exosomes, to biotechnology, proposing the minimal information required to isolate, characterize, and study the content of these vesicles for scientific and/or clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, 1500, Vital Brasil St., Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (F.D.); (H.V.); (T.C.d.M.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Pauloa (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo SP 04021-001, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D’Amelio
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, 1500, Vital Brasil St., Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (F.D.); (H.V.); (T.C.d.M.)
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, 1500, Vital Brasil St., Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (F.D.); (H.V.); (T.C.d.M.)
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, 1500, Vital Brasil St., Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (F.D.); (H.V.); (T.C.d.M.)
| | - Irina Kerkis
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, 1500, Vital Brasil St., Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (F.D.); (H.V.); (T.C.d.M.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo SP 04021-001, Brazil
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33
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Luo L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Hu F, Xing Z, Wang L, Xiao J, Guastaldi F, He Y, Ye Q. Biological Behavioral Alterations of the Post-neural Differentiated Dental Pulp Stem Cells Through an in situ Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:625151. [PMID: 33344464 PMCID: PMC7744789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of undifferentiated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) may suffer from tumorigenesis. Neuronal differentiated DPSCs (d-DPSCs) have emerged as an ideal source to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Moreover, different components of culture medium functioned on the characteristics of d-DPSCs in vitro. In this study, d-DPSCs were cultured in three types of medium: Neurobasal®®-A medium supplemented with 2% B27 (the 2% B27 NM group), Neurobasal® -A medium supplemented with 2% B27 and 5% FBS (the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM group), and α-MEM containing 10% FBS (the 10% FBS α-MEM group). We found that d-DPSCs in the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM group had lower proliferation and reduced expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) and CD146, whereas up-regulated Nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2). Notably, d-DPSCs in the 10% FBS α-MEM group possessed high proliferative capacity, decreased expression of neuron-like markers and partially restored stemness. It was demonstrated that d-DPSCs cultured in the 2% B27 + 5% FBS NM could maintain their neuron-like characteristics. Besides, d-DPSCs cultivated in the 10% FBS α-MEM could partially recover their stem cells properties, indicating that neural differentiation of DPSCs was reversible and could open novel avenues for exploring the pluripotency of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengting Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Xing
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fernando Guastaldi
- Skeletal Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yan He
- Skeletal Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Skeletal Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang DR, Wang YH, Pan J, Tian WD. Neurotrophic effects of dental pulp stem cells in repair of peripheral nerve after crush injury. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1196-1213. [PMID: 33178401 PMCID: PMC7596440 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve diseases and injuries, which are usually accompanied by motor or sensory dysfunction and disorder, impose a heavy burden upon patients and greatly reduce their quality of life. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), derived from the neural crest, have many characteristics that are similar to those of neural cells, indicating that they can be an ideal source for neural repair. AIM To explore the potential roles and molecular mechanisms of DPSCs in crushed nerve recovery. METHODS DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified by multilineage differentiation and flow cytometry. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were applied to analyze the expression levels of neurotrophic proteins in DPSCs after neural induction. Then, we collected the secretions of DPSCs. We analyzed their effects on RSC96 cell proliferation and migration by CCK8 and transwell assays. Finally, we generated a sciatic nerve crush injury model in vivo and used the sciatic function index, walking track analysis, muscle weight, and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining to further evaluate the nerve repair ability of DPSCs. RESULTS DPSCs highly expressed several specific neural markers, including GFAP, S100, Nestin, P75, and NF200, and were inclined toward neural differentiation. Furthermore, neural-induced DPSCs (N-DPSCs) could express neurotrophic factors, including NGF, BDNF, and GDNF. The secretions of N-DPSCs could enhance the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. In vivo, both DPSC and N-DPSC implants alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. However, in terms of anatomy and motor function, as shown by H&E staining, immunofluorescent staining, and walking track analyses, the repair effects of N-DPSCs were more sustained, potent, and effective than those of DPSCs and the controls. CONCLUSION In summary, this study demonstrated that DPSCs are inclined to differentiate into neural cells. N-DPSCs express neurotrophic proteins that could enhance the proliferation and migration of SCs. Furthermore, our results suggested that N-DPSCs could help crushed nerves with functional recovery and anatomical repair in vivo. Thus, DPSCs or N-DPSCs could be a promising therapeutic cell source for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ri Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Huang GTJ, Liu J, Zhu X, Yu Z, Li D, Chen CA, Azim AA. Pulp/Dentin Regeneration: It Should Be Complicated. J Endod 2020; 46:S128-S134. [PMID: 32950184 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-mediated regenerative endodontics has reached the human clinical trial phase; however, many issues still exist that prevent such technology to be a widely used clinical practice. These issues are not straightforward and are complicated. They should be because pulp regeneration is dealing with a small dead-end space. In addition, when regeneration is needed, the space is often heavily infected. The true standard of pulp regeneration should be everything except generation of some fibrous connective tissue and amorphous mineral deposit. As of now, we are still far short of reaching the standard of complete vascularized and innervated pulp regeneration with newly formed tubular dentin in all types of teeth. Thus, we need to go back to the bench and use established animal models or create new animal models to tackle those issues. This article will address several key issues including the possibility of pulp regeneration in small canals of molar teeth by enhancing the neovascularization, and whether the organized tubular dentin can be generated on the canal walls. Data from our semi-orthotopic tooth fragment mouse model have shown that complete pulp regeneration using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in small canal has been inconsistent because of limited blood supply. This inconsistency is similar in our orthotopic miniature swine model, although in some cases vascularized pulp-like tissue can be formed throughout the canal space after DPSC transplantation. Furthermore, no tubular dentin was observed in the orthotopic pulp regeneration, despite the fact that DPSCs have the capacity to generate some tubular dentin-like structure in the hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate-mediated ectopic pulp/dentin formation model in mice. Potential strategies to be tested to address these regeneration issues are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T-J Huang
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Jie Liu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee; VIP Dental Service and Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongdong Yu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dong Li
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Chao-An Chen
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee; Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Endodontics, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Adham A Azim
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, Memphis, Tennessee; University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Division of Endodontics, Buffalo, New York
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Wu T, Xu W, Chen H, Li S, Dou R, Shen H, Liu X, Liu X, Hong Y, He J. Comparison of the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells into neuron-like cells and their effects on focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1016-1029. [PMID: 32845287 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported an increasing incidence of ischemic stroke, particularly in younger age groups. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the most common stem cells acquired from the teeth of adults, even elderly people. However, there are no detailed reports on whether DPSCs or PDLSCs are suitable for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this study, the in vitro differentiation of DPSCs and PDLSCs into neuron-like cells was evaluated. Then, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia. DPSCs or PDLSCs were administered to animals, and the therapeutic effects of these two types of cells were investigated. The results showed that PDLSCs had a higher differentiation rate than DPSCs. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the expression of the neuronal differentiation marker Thy-1 was higher in PDLSCs than in DPSCs, and other gene markers of neuronal differentiation showed corresponding trends, which were confirmed by western blot analysis. In this process, the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways were inhibited and activated, respectively. Finally, rats with transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery were used as a model to assess the therapeutic effect of PDLSCs and DPSCs on ischemia. The results showed that rats in the PDLSC-treated group emitted significantly greater red fluorescence signal than the DPSC-treated group. PDLSC transplantation promoted the recovery of neurological function more effectively than DPSC transplantation. Hence, PDLSCs represent an autogenous source of adult mesenchymal stem cells with desirable biological properties and may be an ideal candidate for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rengang Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yongfeng Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Jiacai He
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
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Rosaian AS, Rao GN, Mohan SP, Vijayarajan M, Prabhakaran RC, Sherwood A. Regenerative Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2020; 12:S27-S36. [PMID: 33149427 PMCID: PMC7595477 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_121_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dental pulp contains undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, blood vessels and so on, which are responsible for routine functions of a tooth. The determination of stemness and regenerative properties using biomarkers and further application in routine practice may unravel its potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inclusion criteria-original research articles published in English, from 2000 to 2019, were collected both manually and by electronic search from databases of Cochrane, Medline, Embase, and PubMed. Exclusion criteria-articles other than English and review manuscripts were omitted. The shortlisted articles were reviewed for specific biomarkers, to assess the regenerative potential, stemness, and lineage of dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS Of 512 articles, 64 were selected and reviewed to determine the mesenchymal, neurogenic, vasculogenic, hematopoietic, and stem cell potential. On the basis of the search analysis, a panel of markers was proposed. CONCLUSION The application of proposed markers, on a pulpectomized tissue derived from human teeth, may be helpful to determine the regenerative potential and the usefulness in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adlin S Rosaian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gururaj Narayana Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil P Mohan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Vijayarajan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rebekkah C Prabhakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Sherwood
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Action Potential Capacity In Vitro after Neuronogenic Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:67-81. [PMID: 30324358 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) including oral stem cells (OSCs) as a cell source to derive functional neurons has been inconclusive. Here we tested a number of human OSCs for their neurogenic potential compared to non-OSCs and employed various neurogenic induction methods. OSCs including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), stem cells from apical papilla and non-OSCs including bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), foreskin fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts using non-neurosphere-mediated or neurosphere-mediated methods to guide them toward neuronal lineages. Cells were subjected to RT-qPCR, immunocytofluorescence to detect the expression of neurogenic genes or electrophysiological analysis at final stage of maturation. We found that induced DPSCs and GMSCs overall appeared to be more neurogenic compared to other cells either morphologically or levels of neurogenic gene expression. Nonetheless, of all the neural induction methods employed, only one neurosphere-mediated method yielded electrophysiological properties of functional neurons. Under this method, cells expressed increased neural stem cell markers, nestin and SOX1, in the first phase of differentiation. Neuronal-like cells expressed βIII-tubulin, CNPase, GFAP, MAP-2, NFM, pan-Nav, GAD67, Nav1.6, NF1, NSE, PSD95, and synapsin after the second phase of differentiation to maturity. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that 8.3% of DPSC-derived neuronal cells and 21.2% of GMSC-derived neuronal cells displayed action potential, although no spontaneous excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic action potential was observed. We conclude that DPSCs and GMSCs have the potential to become neuronal cells in vitro, therefore, these cells may be used as a source for neural regeneration.
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Kandalam S, De Berdt P, Ucakar B, Vanvarenberg K, Bouzin C, Gratpain V, Diogenes A, Montero-Menei CN, des Rieux A. Human dental stem cells of the apical papilla associated to BDNF-loaded pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) enhance locomotor function after spinal cord injury. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119685. [PMID: 32712253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is no treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) that fully repairs the damages. One strategy is to inject mesenchymal stem cells around the lesion to benefit from their immunomodulatory properties and neuroprotective effect. Our hypothesis was that the combination of dental stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) with pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) releasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) would improve rat locomotor function by immunomodulation and neuroprotection. BDNF-PAMs were prepared by solid/oil/water emulsion of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) and nanoprecipitated BDNF and subsequent coating with fibronectin. SCAP were then seeded on BDNF-PAMs. SCAP expression of neuronal and immunomodulatory factors was evaluated in vitro. SCAP BDNF-PAMs were injected in a rat spinal cord contusion model and their locomotor function was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring. Impact on inflammation and neuroprotection/axonal growth was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Culture on PAMs induced the overexpression of immunomodulatory molecules and neural/neuronal markers. Injection of SCAP BDNF-PAMs at the lesion site improved rat BBB scoring, reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased the expression of βIII tubulin, GAP43, and 5-HT. These results confirm the suitability and versatility of PAMs as combined drug and cell delivery system for regenerative medicine applications but also that BDNF-PAMs potentialize the very promising therapeutic potential of SCAP in the scope of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikrishna Kandalam
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers F-49933, France
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, IREC, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viridiane Gratpain
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Yang H, Cao Y, Zhang J, Liang Y, Su X, Zhang C, Liu H, Han X, Ge L, Fan Z. DLX5 and HOXC8 enhance the chondrogenic differentiation potential of stem cells from apical papilla via LINC01013. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:271. [PMID: 32631410 PMCID: PMC7336658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cartilage tissue regeneration is a treatment with great potential. How to enhance the MSC chondrogenic differentiation is a key issue involved in cartilage formation. In the present study, we seek to expound the phenotypes and mechanisms of DLX5 in chondrogenic differentiation function in MSCs. METHODS Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were used. The Alcian Blue staining, pellet culture system, and cell transplantation in rabbit knee cartilage defect were used to evaluate the chondrogenic differentiation function of MSCs. Western blot, real-time RT-PCR, and ChIP assays were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS DLX5 and HOXC8 expressions were upregulated during chondrogenic differentiation. In vitro results showed that DLX5 and HOXC8 enhanced the expression of chondrogenic markers including collagen II (COL2), collagen V (COL5), and sex-determining region Y box protein 9 (SOX9) and promoted the chondrogenic differentiation and the formation of cartilage clumps in the pellet culture system. Mechanically, DLX5 and HOXC8 formed protein complexes and negatively regulated the LncRNA, LINC01013, via directly binding its promoter. In vivo transplantation experiment showed that DLX5 and HOXC8 could restore the cartilage defect in the rabbit knee model. In addition, knock-down of LINC01013 enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of SCAPs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, DLX5 and HOXC8 enhance the chondrogenic differentiation abilities of SCAPs by negatively regulating LINC01013 in SCAPs, and provided the potential target for promoting cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuncun Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Niyazi M, Zibaii MI, Chavoshinezhad S, Hamidabadi HG, Dargahi L, Bojnordi MN, Alizadeh R, Heravi M, Karimi H, Hosseini M, Sadeghi Malvajerdi E, Seyednazari M. Neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by optogenetics stimulation. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 109:101821. [PMID: 32512152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), a promising source for autologous transplantation in regenerative medicine, have been shown to be able to differentiate into neural precursors. Optogenetics is considered as an advanced biological technique in neuroscience which is able to control the activity of genetically modified stem cells by light. The purpose of this study is to investigate the neurogenic differentiation of hDPSCs following optogenetic stimulation. METHODS The hDPSCs were isolated by mechanical enzymatic digestion from an impacted third molar and cultured in DMEM/F12. The cells were infected with lentiviruses carrying CaMKIIa-hChR2 (H134R). Opsin-expressing hDPSCs were plated at the density of 5 × 104 cells/well in 6-well plates and optical stimulation was conducted with blue light (470 nm) pulsing at 15 Hz, 90 % Duty Cycle and 10 mW power for 10 s every 90 minutes, 6 times a day for 5 days. Two control groups including non-opsin-expressing hDPSCs and opsin-expressing hDPSCs with no optical stimulation were also included in the study. A day after last light stimulation, the viability of cells was analyzed by the MTT assay and the morphological changes were examined by phase contrast microscopy. The expression of Nestin, Microtubule-Associated protein 2 (MAP2) and Doublecortin (DCX) were examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Human DPSCs expressed the reporter gene, mCherry, 72 hours after lentiviral infection. The result of MTT assay revealed a significant more viability in optical stimulated opsin-expressing hDPSCs as compared with two control groups. Moreover, optical stimulation increased the expression of Nestin, Doublecortin and MAP2 along with morphological changes from spindle shape to neuron-like shape. CONCLUSION Optogenetics stimulation through depolarizing the hDPSCs can increase the cells viability and/or proliferation and also promote the differentiation toward neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Niyazi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazm Bojnordi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Heravi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Karimi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute-Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseini
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute-Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Jia S, Chen H, Duan Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang T, Lyu Y, Chen G, Tian W. Exosome-like vesicles derived from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells promote the regeneration of dentin-pulp tissue. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5914-5931. [PMID: 32483427 PMCID: PMC7254987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The formation of dentin-pulp involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells (HERS) and dental papilla cells (DPCs). Earlier studies have identified some of the regulatory molecules participating in the crosstalk between HERS and DPCs and the formation of dentin-pulp. In the present study we focused on the role of HERS-secreted exosomes in DPCs and the formation of dentin-pulp. Specifically, we hypothesized that exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) might mediate the function of HERS and trigger lineage-specific differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the potential of ELVs derived from a HERS cell line (ELVs-H1) in inducing in vitro and in vivo differentiation of DPCs. Methods: ELVs-H1 were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The proliferation, migration, and odontoblast differentiation of DPCs after treatment with ELVs-H1, was detected by CCK8, transwell, ALP, and mineralization assays, respectively. Real time PCR and western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression. For in vivo studies, DPC cells were mixed with collagen gel combined with or without ELVs and transplanted into the renal capsule of rats or subcutaneously into nude mice. HE staining and immunostaining were used to verify the regeneration of dentin-pulp and expression of odontoblast differentiation markers. Results: ELVs-H1 promoted the migration and proliferation of DPCs and also induced odontogenic differentiation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ELVs-H1 also contributed to tube formation and neural differentiation in vitro. In addition, ELVs-H1 attached to the collagen gel, and were slowly released and endocytosed by DPCs, enhancing cell survival. ELVs-H1 together with DPCs triggered regeneration of dental pulp-dentin like tissue comprised of hard (reparative dentin-like tissue) and soft (blood vessels and neurons) tissue, in an in vivo tooth root slice model. Conclusion: Our data highlighted the potential of ELVs-H1 as biomimetic tools in providing a microenvironment for specific differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells. From a developmental perspective, these vesicles might be considered as novel mediators facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. Their instructive potency might be exploited for the regeneration of dental pulp-dentin tissues.
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43
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Zeitlin BD. Banking on teeth - Stem cells and the dental office. Biomed J 2020; 43:124-133. [PMID: 32381462 PMCID: PMC7283549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Science and commerce advance together and the stem cell field is no exception. With the promise of cures for conditions as diverse as cancer, autism, neural degeneration, organ replacement and addiction, long-term preservation of dental stem cells is a growth market. The discovery nearly twenty years ago, of viable, multipotent, stem cells in dental pulp from both baby and adult teeth initiated, and drives, this market.The dental stem cell preservation services, "tooth banks", focus on the collection of a child's baby teeth, as they are shed naturally, and storage of the stem cells from within the pulp for therapeutic use in later years should the child require them. This review focuses on the procedures related to these stem cell storage services and may serve as an introduction for many to the practice of "tooth banking".
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Zeitlin
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Merckx G, Hosseinkhani B, Kuypers S, Deville S, Irobi J, Nelissen I, Michiels L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A. Angiogenic Effects of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020312. [PMID: 32012900 PMCID: PMC7072370 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation or angiogenesis is a key process for successful tooth regeneration. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) possess paracrine proangiogenic properties, which are, at least partially, induced by their extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the isolation of BM-MSCs is associated with several drawbacks, which could be overcome by MSC-like cells of the teeth, called dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs). This study aims to compare the angiogenic content and functions of DPSC and BM-MSC EVs and conditioned medium (CM). The angiogenic protein profile of DPSC- and BM-MSC-derived EVs, CM and EV-depleted CM was screened by an antibody array and confirmed by ELISA. Functional angiogenic effects were tested in transwell migration and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays. All secretion fractions contained several pro- and anti-angiogenic proteins and induced in vitro endothelial cell motility. This chemotactic potential was higher for (EV-depleted) CM, compared to EVs with a stronger effect for BM-MSCs. Finally, BM-MSC CM, but not DPSC CM, nor EVs, increased in ovo angiogenesis. In conclusion, we showed that DPSCs are less potent in relation to endothelial cell chemotaxis and in ovo neovascularization, compared to BM-MSCs, which emphasizes the importance of choice of cell type and secretion fraction for stem cell-based regenerative therapies in inducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Merckx
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sören Kuypers
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deville
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Luc Michiels
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-11-26-92-23
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Goswami M, Kumar G, Sharma S. "Dental Stem Cells": Awareness, knowledge, and attitude of dental professionals-A cross-sectional study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 40:90-96. [PMID: 31815303 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted with an aim to assess the awareness about existence of dental stem cells among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total sample size of 100 dental professionals in the age group of 22-32 years, comprising of 28 interns, 46 postgraduate students, and 26 senior residents from various specialties was selected. A self-administered, hand-delivered, 10-point questionnaire was used to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of dental professionals towards dental stem cells. Results were documented and statistically analyzed using chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 72% dental professionals were aware about dental stem cells with dental curriculum books being the main source of information. Note that 81% of positive respondents were aware about the different types and a total of 28% were aware about the procedure to procure dental stem cells. Only 33.3% of positive respondents were aware about existence of dental stem cell banks in India. CONCLUSION A high level of awareness about dental stem cells and its applications was noted during the course of this study. A significant association of age and type of practice with awareness of dental stem cells and knowledge regarding their use in developing nondental tissues was observed. A positive attitude towards recommending dental stem cell banking was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Goswami
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Looking into dental pulp stem cells in the therapy of photoreceptors and retinal degenerative disorders. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111727. [PMID: 31862637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blindness and vision impairment are caused by irremediable retinal degeneration in affected individuals worldwide. Cell therapy for a retinal replacement can potentially rescue their vision, specifically for those who lost the light sensing photoreceptors in the eye. As such, well-characterized retinal cells are required for the replacement purposes. Stem cell-based therapy in photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium transplantation is well received, however, the drawbacks of retinal transplantation is the limited clinical protocols development, insufficient number of transplanted cells for recovery, the selection of potential stem cell sources that can be differentiated into the target cells, and the ability of cells to migrate to the host tissue. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) belong to a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and are recently being studied due to its high capability of differentiating into cells of the neuronal lineage. In this review, we look into the potential uses of DPSC in treating retinal degeneration, and also the current data supporting its application.
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Mirhosseini M, Shiari R, Esmaeili Motlagh P, Farivar S. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Photobiomodulation Effects on Neural Gene Expression in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:S30-S36. [PMID: 32021670 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Dental pulp cells, a unique source of ectomesenchymal pluripotent stem cells, are originated from the skull neural crest. They are considered as one ideal source of cells for the regenerative medicine applications. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a transparent fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, is enriched with electrolytes, proteins, and growth factors such as EGF, bFGF, BDNF, GDNF, and neuropeptides and can be utilized as a trigger in order to induce the neural differentiation. On the other hand, photobiomodulation (PBM), with the ability to prevent cell apoptosis, can induce cell proliferation by means of increasing the ATP synthesis in mitochondria and facilitating the secretion of the growth factors. In this research, we first aimed to isolate and culture the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and subsequently to investigate their potential for neural differentiation. Methods: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from the pulp tissues using an outgrowth method and subsequently cultured. In order to access the cells' differentiation potential, cells were firstly classified into four groups which were treated with CSF, gallium aluminum arsenide diode laser irradiation (808 nm; 30 mW power output) and a combination of both, while the fourth group was considered as the control. MTT assay was then used to examine the viability of cells following the treatments. After 4, 7, and 14 days the cell morphology in the treated groups was evaluated while RT-PCR was used in order to evaluate the Nestin and β-tubulinIII neural gene marker expressions. Results: It was shown that PBM has the ability to elevate the proliferation of DPSCs. Also, the differentiated morphology was obvious in the CSF treated group, especially on day 14 with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) structures. The results of gene expression analysis showed that on the fourth day of post-treatment, Nestin and β-tubulinIII gene expressions were reduced in all groups while a rising trend in their expression was observed subsequently on days 7 and 14. Conclusion: In accordance with previous studies, including functional and protein base researches, it has been demonstrated that CSF has a direct role in neural induction. Although past works have been significant, none of them shows a 3D structure. In this article, we investigated the dual effect of PBM and CSF. Initial results confirmed the upregulation of neural-related transcription factors. The 3D organization of the formed tissue could imply the initiation of organogenesis which has not been reported before. In sum, the dual effect of CSF and PBM has been shown to have the potential for contributing to the initiation of neurogenesis and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirhosseini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shiari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaeili Motlagh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Darabi S, Tiraihi T, Nazm Bojnordi M, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H, Rezaei N, Zahiri M, Alizadeh R. Trans-Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Into Cholinergic-Like Neurons Via Nerve Growth Factor. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:609-617. [PMID: 32477478 PMCID: PMC7253808 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.10.6.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cell therapy has been widely considered as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system damage. Cholinergic neurons as one of the most important neurons that play a significant role in controlling emotions, mobility, and autonomic systems. In this study, Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) were differentiated into the cholinergic neurons by β-mercaptoethanol in the preinduction phase and also by the nerve growth factor (NGF) in the induction phase. Methods: The hDPSCs were evaluated for CD73, CD31, CD34, and Oct-4. Concentration-time relationships for NGF were assessed by evaluating the viability rate of cells and the immune response to nestin, neurofilament 160, microtubule-associated protein-2, and choline acetyltransferase. Results: The hDPSCs had a negative response to CD34 and CD31. The optimal dose for the NGF was 50 ng/mL seven days after the induction when the highest percentage of expressing markers for the Cholinergic neurons (ChAT) was detected. Conclusion: The results of this study provided a method for producing cholinergic neurons by hDPSCs, which can be used in cytotherapy for degenerative diseases of the nervous system and also spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
| | - Maryam Nazm Bojnordi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nourollah Rezaei
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maria Zahiri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Patil S, D'Souza C, Patil P, Patil V, Prabhu M, Bargale A, Kaveeshwar V, Kumar S, Shetty P. Culture and characterization of human dental pulp‑derived stem cells as limbal stem cells for corneal damage repair. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4688-4694. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Clinton D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- SDM Biomedical Research Center, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Vidya Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Mridula Prabhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Anil Bargale
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Vishwas Kaveeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Sarath Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Campus, Manjushree Nagar, Dharwad, Karnataka‑580009, India
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50
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Electrical Stimulation through Conductive Substrate to Enhance Osteo-Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising cellular sources for bone healing. The acceleration of their differentiation should be beneficial to their clinical application. Therefore, a conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-made electrical stimulation (ES) device was fabricated to provide direct-current electric field (DCEF) treatment, and its effect on osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs was investigated in this study. To determine the optimal treating time, electrical field of 0.33 V/cm was applied to hDPSCs once for 4 h on different days after the osteo-induction. The alizarin red S staining results suggested that ES accelerated the mineralization rates of hDPSCs. The quantification analysis results revealed a nearly threefold enhancement in calcium deposition by ES at day 0, 2, and 4, whereas the promotion effect in later stages was in vain. To determine the ES-mediated signaling pathway, the expression of genes in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and related receptors were quantified using qPCR. In the early stages of osteo-differentiation, the mRNA levels of BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, and BMP5 were increased significantly in the ES groups, indicating that these genes were involved in the specific signaling routes induced by ES. We are the first using DCEF to improve the osteo-differentiation of hDPSCs, and our results promise the therapeutic applications of hDPSCs on cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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