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Reisman EG, Hawley JA, Hoffman NJ. Exercise-Regulated Mitochondrial and Nuclear Signalling Networks in Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2024; 54:1097-1119. [PMID: 38528308 PMCID: PMC11127882 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exercise perturbs energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle and engages integrated cellular signalling networks to help meet the contraction-induced increases in skeletal muscle energy and oxygen demand. Investigating exercise-associated perturbations in skeletal muscle signalling networks has uncovered novel mechanisms by which exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes whole-body health and fitness. While acute exercise regulates a complex network of protein post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation) in skeletal muscle, previous investigations of exercise signalling in human and rodent skeletal muscle have primarily focused on a select group of exercise-regulated protein kinases [i.e. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and only a small subset of their respective protein substrates. Recently, global mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approaches have helped unravel the extensive complexity and interconnection of exercise signalling pathways and kinases beyond this select group and phosphorylation and/or translocation of exercise-regulated mitochondrial and nuclear protein substrates. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events associated with acute endurance exercise-regulated signalling pathways and kinases in skeletal muscle with a focus on phosphorylation. We critically appraise recent evidence highlighting the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear protein phosphorylation and/or translocation in skeletal muscle adaptive responses to an acute bout of endurance exercise that ultimately stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and contribute to exercise's wider health and fitness benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Reisman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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2
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Sarver DC, Saqib M, Chen F, Wong GW. Mitochondrial respiration atlas reveals differential changes in mitochondrial function across sex and age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586781. [PMID: 38586038 PMCID: PMC10996676 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Organ function declines with age, and large-scale transcriptomic analyses have highlighted differential aging trajectories across tissues. The mechanisms underlying shared and organ-selective functional changes across the lifespan, however, still remains poorly understood. Given the central role of mitochondria in powering cellular processes needed to maintain tissue health, we therefore undertook a systematic assessment of respiratory activity across 33 different tissues in young (2.5 months) and old (20 months) mice of both sexes. Our high-resolution mitochondrial respiration atlas reveals: 1) within any group of mice, mitochondrial activity varies widely across tissues, with the highest values consistently seen in heart, brown fat, and kidney; 2) biological sex is a significant but minor contributor to mitochondrial respiration, and its contributions are tissue-specific, with major differences seen in the pancreas, stomach, and white adipose tissue; 3) age is a dominant factor affecting mitochondrial activity, especially across different fat depots and skeletal muscle groups, and most brain regions; 4) age-effects can be sex- and tissue-specific, with some of the largest effects seen in pancreas, heart, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle; and 5) while aging alters the functional trajectories of mitochondria in a majority of tissues, some are remarkably resilient to age-induced changes. Altogether, our data provide the most comprehensive compendium of mitochondrial respiration and illuminate functional signatures of aging across diverse tissues and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Muzna Saqib
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Fangluo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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3
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Zhang L, Meng Z, Calderone R, Liu W, She X, Li D. Mitochondria complex I deficiency in Candida albicans arrests the cell cycle at S phase through suppressive TOR and PKA pathways. FEMS Yeast Res 2024; 24:foae010. [PMID: 38592962 PMCID: PMC11008738 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
How mutations in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins impact the cell cycle of Candida albicans was investigated in this study. Using genetic null mutants targeting ETC complexes I (CI), III (CIII), and IV (CIV), the cell cycle stages (G0/G1, S phase, and G2/M) were analyzed via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Four CI null mutants exhibited distinct alterations, including extended S phase, shortened G2/M population, and a reduction in cells size exceeding 10 µM. Conversely, CIII mutants showed an increased population in G1/G0 phase. Among four CI mutants, ndh51Δ/Δ and goa1Δ/Δ displayed aberrant cell cycle patterns correlated with previously reported cAMP/PKA downregulation. Specifically, nuo1Δ/Δ and nuo2Δ/Δ mutants exhibited increased transcription of RIM15, a central hub linking cell cycle with nutrient-dependent TOR1 and cAMP/PKA pathways and Snf1 aging pathway. These findings suggest that suppression of TOR1 and cAMP/PKA pathways or enhanced Snf1 disrupts cell cycle progression, influencing cell longevity and growth among CI mutants. Overall, our study highlights the intricate interplay between mitochondrial ETC, cell cycle, and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, United States
| | - Zhou Meng
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Xuanwu District, Naning, 210042, China
| | - Richard Calderone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, United States
| | - Weida Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Xuanwu District, Naning, 210042, China
| | - Xiaodong She
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, United States
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Xuanwu District, Naning, 210042, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, United States
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4
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Phua CZJ, Zhao X, Turcios-Hernandez L, McKernan M, Abyadeh M, Ma S, Promislow D, Kaeberlein M, Kaya A. Genetic perturbation of mitochondrial function reveals functional role for specific mitonuclear genes, metabolites, and pathways that regulate lifespan. GeroScience 2023; 45:2161-2178. [PMID: 37086368 PMCID: PMC10651825 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial function is tightly linked to lifespan regulation, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report the chronological and replicative lifespan variation across 167 yeast knock-out strains, each lacking a single nuclear-coded mitochondrial gene, including 144 genes with human homologs, many associated with diseases. We dissected the signatures of observed lifespan differences by analyzing profiles of each strain's proteome, lipidome, and metabolome under fermentative and respiratory culture conditions, which correspond to the metabolic states of replicative and chronologically aging cells, respectively. Examination of the relationships among extended longevity phenotypes, protein, and metabolite levels revealed that although many of these nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes carry out different functions, their inhibition attenuates a common mechanism that controls cytosolic ribosomal protein abundance, actin dynamics, and proteasome function to regulate lifespan. The principles of lifespan control learned through this work may be applicable to the regulation of lifespan in more complex organisms, since many aspects of mitochondrial function are highly conserved among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Zi Jin Phua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A* STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaqing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lesly Turcios-Hernandez
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 126, 1000 West Cary St. , Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Morrigan McKernan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 126, 1000 West Cary St. , Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 126, 1000 West Cary St. , Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A* STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Room 126, 1000 West Cary St. , Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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5
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Hogan KA, Zeidler JD, Beasley HK, Alsaadi AI, Alshaheeb AA, Chang YC, Tian H, Hinton AO, McReynolds MR. Using mass spectrometry imaging to visualize age-related subcellular disruption. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:906606. [PMID: 36968274 PMCID: PMC10032471 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.906606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis balances the production and consumption of energetic molecules to maintain active, healthy cells. Cellular stress, which disrupts metabolism and leads to the loss of cellular homeostasis, is important in age-related diseases. We focus here on the role of organelle dysfunction in age-related diseases, including the roles of energy deficiencies, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, changes in metabolic flux in aging (e.g., Ca2+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites that regulate the trafficking of metabolites. Tools for single-cell resolution of metabolite pools and metabolic flux in animal models of aging and age-related diseases are urgently needed. High-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a revolutionary approach for capturing the metabolic states of individual cells and cellular interactions without the dissociation of tissues. mass spectrometry imaging can be a powerful tool to elucidate the role of stress-induced cellular dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Julianna D. Zeidler
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abrar I. Alsaadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alshaheeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yi-Chin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Hua Tian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
| | - Antentor O. Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
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6
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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7
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Heo G, Sun MH, Jiang WJ, Li XH, Lee SH, Guo J, Zhou D, Cui XS. Rotenone causes mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents maturation in porcine oocytes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277477. [PMID: 36441709 PMCID: PMC9704683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotenone is a commonly used insecticidal chemical in agriculture and it is an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ. Previous studies have found that rotenone induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transport in the mitochondria of somatic and germ cells. However, there is little precise information on the effects of rotenone exposure in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation, and the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been determined. The Cumulus-oocyte complexes were supplemented with different concentrations of rotenone to elucidate the effects of rotenone exposure on the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation for about 48 hours. First, we found that the maturation rate and expansion of cumulus cells were significantly reduced in the 3 and 5 μM rotenone-treated groups. Subsequently, the concentration of rotenone was determined to be 3 μM. Also, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and image quantification analyses were performed to test the rotenone exposure on the meiotic maturation, total and mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial function and biogenesis, mitophagy and apoptosis in porcine oocytes. Further experiments showed that rotenone treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction and failure of mitochondrial biogenesis by repressing the level of SIRT1 during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. In addition, rotenone treatment reduced the ratio of active mitochondria to total mitochondria, increased ROS production, and decreased ATP production. The levels of LC3 and active-caspase 3 were significantly increased by rotenone treatment, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by rotenone increased mitophagy but eventually led to apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that rotenone interferes with porcine oocyte maturation by inhibiting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Heo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Jie Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Guo
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DZ); (X-SC)
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DZ); (X-SC)
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8
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The Mitochondrial Genome in Aging and Disease and the Future of Mitochondrial Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020490. [PMID: 35203698 PMCID: PMC8962324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that utilize nutrients to generate energy in the form of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in humans is a 16,569 base pair double-stranded circular DNA that encodes for 13 vital proteins of the electron transport chain. Our understanding of the mitochondrial genome’s transcription, translation, and maintenance is still emerging, and human pathologies caused by mtDNA dysfunction are widely observed. Additionally, a correlation between declining mitochondrial DNA quality and copy number with organelle dysfunction in aging is well-documented in the literature. Despite tremendous advancements in nuclear gene-editing technologies and their value in translational avenues, our ability to edit mitochondrial DNA is still limited. In this review, we discuss the current therapeutic landscape in addressing the various pathologies that result from mtDNA mutations. We further evaluate existing gene therapy efforts, particularly allotopic expression and its potential to become an indispensable tool for restoring mitochondrial health in disease and aging.
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9
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Maintenance of NAD+ Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle during Aging and Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040710. [PMID: 35203360 PMCID: PMC8869961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a versatile chemical compound serving as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways and as a substrate to support the enzymatic functions of sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase (CD38). Under normal physiological conditions, NAD+ consumption is matched by its synthesis primarily via the salvage pathway catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, aging and muscular contraction enhance NAD+ utilization, whereas NAD+ replenishment is limited by cellular sources of NAD+ precursors and/or enzyme expression. This paper will briefly review NAD+ metabolic functions, its roles in regulating cell signaling, mechanisms of its degradation and biosynthesis, and major challenges to maintaining its cellular level in skeletal muscle. The effects of aging, physical exercise, and dietary supplementation on NAD+ homeostasis will be highlighted based on recent literature.
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10
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Transcription Factor Movement and Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscle: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031517. [PMID: 35163441 PMCID: PMC8836245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to exercise, the oxidative capacity of mitochondria within skeletal muscle increases through the coordinated expression of mitochondrial proteins in a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Controlling the expression of mitochondrial proteins are transcription factors—a group of proteins that regulate messenger RNA transcription from DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria. To fulfil other functions or to limit gene expression, transcription factors are often localised away from DNA to different subcellular compartments and undergo rapid movement or accumulation only when required. Although many transcription factors involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis have been identified, numerous conflicting findings and gaps exist within our knowledge of their subcellular movement. This review aims to summarise and provide a critical analysis of the published literature regarding the exercise-induced movement of transcription factors involved in mitochondria biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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11
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Sanchez-Roman I, Ferrando B, Holst CM, Mengel-From J, Rasmussen SH, Thinggaard M, Bohr VA, Christensen K, Stevnsner T. Molecular markers of DNA repair and brain metabolism correlate with cognition in centenarians. GeroScience 2021; 44:103-125. [PMID: 34966960 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor in age-associated neurodegeneration. Accordingly, mitochondrial dysfunction and genomic instability have been considered as key hallmarks of aging and have important roles in age-associated cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. In order to evaluate whether maintenance of cognitive abilities at very old age is associated with key hallmarks of aging, we measured mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA copy number and DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from centenarians in a Danish 1915 birth cohort (n = 120). Also, the circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NAD+ /NADH and carbonylated proteins were measured in plasma of the centenarians and correlated to cognitive capacity. Mitochondrial respiration was well preserved in the centenarian cohort when compared to young individuals (21-35 years of age, n = 33). When correlating cognitive performance of the centenarians with mitochondrial function such as basal respiration, ATP production, reserve capacity and maximal respiration, no overall correlations were observed, but when stratifying by sex, inverse associations were observed in the males (p < 0.05). Centenarians with the most severe cognitive impairment displayed the lowest activity of the central DNA repair enzyme, APE1 (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between cognitive capacity and levels of NAD+ /NADH was observed (p < 0.05), which may be because NAD+ /NADH consuming enzyme activities strive to reduce the oxidative DNA damage load. Also, circulating protein carbonylation was lowest in centenarians with highest cognitive capacity (p < 0.05). An opposite trend was observed for levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.17). Our results suggest that maintenance of cognitive capacity at very old age may be associated with cellular mechanisms related to oxidative stress and DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sanchez-Roman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ferrando
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Myrup Holst
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Høi Rasmussen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Danish Aging Research Center, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Nozawa N, Noguchi M, Shinno K, Tajima M, Aizawa S, Saito T, Asada A, Ishii T, Ishizuka M, Iijima KM, Ando K. 5-Aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate ameliorate muscle aging and extend healthspan in Drosophila. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:295-305. [PMID: 34854258 PMCID: PMC8727951 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in mitochondrial functions are associated with aging. The combination of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) improves mitochondrial functions in cultured cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with 5‐ALA and SFC (5‐ALA/SFC) on the healthspan and life span of Drosophila
melanogaster. Adult Drosophila fruit flies were fed cornmeal food containing various concentrations of 5‐ALA/SFC. Locomotor functions, life span, muscle architecture, and age‐associated changes in mitochondrial function were analyzed. We found that feeding 5‐ALA/SFC mitigated age‐associated declines in locomotor functions and extended organismal life span. Moreover, 5‐ALA/SFC preserved muscle architecture and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential in aged animals. Since 5‐ALA phosphate/SFC is used as a human dietary supplement, our results suggest that it could be used to slow the age‐related declines in muscle functions, prevent age‐associated clinical conditions such as frailty, and extend healthspan and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nozawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Kanako Shinno
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Maki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Shingo Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Taro Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Akiko Asada
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizuka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Kanae Ando
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
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13
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Abdelhafiz AH, Emmerton D, Sinclair AJ. Impact of frailty metabolic phenotypes on the management of older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:614-622. [PMID: 34151494 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To provide a pathophysiological basis for distinguishing metabolic variants of the frailty phenotype in older adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We have made an in-depth review of the possible mechanisms in diabetes, ageing and frailty that will alter allow us to describe phenotypic changes which might assist in predicting responses to particular glucose-lowering therapy. RESULTS Our review has enable us to describe with some confidence a sarcopenic obese phenotype and an anorexic malnourished phenotype. CONCLUSIONS By identifying these two phenotypes we can predict which would be most responsive to certain classes of therapy and where therapies may be ill-advised. This represents the first novel approach in this area. Further work is being planned to develop this hypothesis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 614-622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelhafiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK
| | - Demelza Emmerton
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK
| | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd, Droitwich Spa, UK
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14
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Guerra MH, Yumnamcha T, Ebrahim AS, Berger EA, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Real-Time Monitoring the Effect of Cytopathic Hypoxia on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Barrier Functionality Using Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) Biosensor Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094568. [PMID: 33925448 PMCID: PMC8123793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE barrier integrity is a hallmark feature of various retinal blinding diseases, including diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration, but the underlying causes and pathophysiology are not completely well-defined. One of the most conserved phenomena in biology is the progressive decline in mitochondrial function with aging leading to cytopathic hypoxia, where cells are unable to use oxygen for energy production. Therefore, this study aimed to thoroughly investigate the role of cytopathic hypoxia in compromising the barrier functionality of RPE cells. We used Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) system to monitor precisely in real time the barrier integrity of RPE cell line (ARPE-19) after treatment with various concentrations of cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent, Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2). We further investigated how the resistance across ARPE-19 cells changes across three separate parameters: Rb (the electrical resistance between ARPE-19 cells), α (the resistance between the ARPE-19 and its substrate), and Cm (the capacitance of the ARPE-19 cell membrane). The viability of the ARPE-19 cells and mitochondrial bioenergetics were quantified with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and seahorse technology, respectively. ECIS measurement showed that CoCl2 reduced the total impedance of ARPE-19 cells in a dose dependent manner across all tested frequencies. Specifically, the ECIS program’s modelling demonstrated that CoCl2 affected Rb as it begins to drastically decrease earlier than α or Cm, although ARPE-19 cells’ viability was not compromised. Using seahorse technology, all three concentrations of CoCl2 significantly impaired basal, maximal, and ATP-linked respirations of ARPE-19 cells but did not affect proton leak and non-mitochondrial bioenergetic. Concordantly, the expression of a major paracellular tight junction protein (ZO-1) was reduced significantly with CoCl2-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that the ARPE-19 cells have distinct dielectric properties in response to cytopathic hypoxia in which disruption of barrier integrity between ARPE-19 cells precedes any changes in cells’ viability, cell-substrate contacts, and cell membrane permeability. Such differences can be used in screening of selective agents that improve the assembly of RPE tight junction without compromising other RPE barrier parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Abdul-Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit Pukhrambam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (A.-S.E.); (E.A.B.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-7854 (Office) or +1-313-577-7864 (Lab)
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15
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Dymkowska D. The involvement of autophagy in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis: The role of mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:131-147. [PMID: 33412335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial mitochondria play important signaling roles critical for the regulation of various cellular processes, including calcium signaling, ROS generation, NO synthesis or inflammatory response. Mitochondrial stress or disturbances in mitochondrial function may participate in the development and/or progression of endothelial dysfunction and could precede vascular diseases. Vascular functions are also strictly regulated by properly functioning degradation machinery, including autophagy and mitophagy, and tightly coordinated by mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum responses to stress. Within this review, current knowledge related to the development of cardiovascular disorders and the importance of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and degradation mechanisms in vascular endothelial functions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dymkowska
- The Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur str. 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia: Deviating Muscle Energy Metabolism Detected Using Microdialysis and Magnetic Resonance. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113527. [PMID: 33142767 PMCID: PMC7693920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In fibromyalgia (FM) muscle metabolism, studies are sparse and conflicting associations have been found between muscle metabolism and pain aspects. This study compared alterations in metabolic substances and blood flow in erector spinae and trapezius of FM patients and healthy controls. FM patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 31) underwent a clinical examination that included pressure pain thresholds and physical tests, completion of a health questionnaire, participation in microdialysis investigations of the etrapezius and erector spinae muscles, and also underwent phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the erector spinae muscle. At the baseline, FM had significantly higher levels of pyruvate in both muscles. Significantly lower concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr) and nucleotide triphosphate (mainly adenosine triphosphate) in erector spinae were found in FM. Blood flow in erector spinae was significantly lower in FM. Significant associations between metabolic variables and pain aspects (pain intensity and pressure pain threshold PPT) were found in FM. Our results suggest that FM has mitochondrial dysfunction, although it is unclear whether inactivity, obesity, aging, and pain are causes of, the results of, or coincidental to the mitochondrial dysfunction. The significant regressions of pain intensity and PPT in FM agree with other studies reporting associations between peripheral biological factors and pain aspects.
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17
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Kuraszkiewicz B, Goszczyńska H, Podsiadły-Marczykowska T, Piotrkiewicz M, Andersen P, Gromicho M, Grosskreutz J, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M, Petri S, Stubbendorf B, Szacka K, Uysal H, de Carvalho M. Potential Preventive Strategies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:428. [PMID: 32528241 PMCID: PMC7264408 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It may seem useless to propose preventive measures for a disease without established pathogenesis and successful therapy, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, we will show that ALS shares essential molecular mechanisms with aging and that established anti-aging strategies, such as healthy diet or individually adjusted exercise, may be successfully applied to ameliorate the condition of ALS patients. These strategies might be applied for prevention if persons at ALS risk could be identified early enough. Recent research advances indicate that this may happen soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuraszkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Goszczyńska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Podsiadły-Marczykowska
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Piotrkiewicz
- Department of Methods of Brain Imaging and Functional Research of Nervous System, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Gromicho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Grosskreutz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Jena Centre for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - S Petri
- Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - B Stubbendorf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - K Szacka
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Uysal
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Schneider J, Han WH, Matthew R, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Age and sex as confounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228710. [PMID: 32084168 PMCID: PMC7034865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study revisits the role of cardiac mitochondrial adjustments during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while considering age and sex as potential confounding factors. We used the Nile Grass rats (NRs) as the animal model. After weaning, animals were fed either a Standard Rodent Chow Diet (SRCD group) or a Mazuri Chinchilla Diet (MCD group) consisting of high-fiber and low-fat content. Both males and females in the SRCD group, exhibited increased body mass, body mass index, and plasma insulin compared to the MCD group animals. However, the females were able to preserve their fasting blood glucose throughout the age range on both diets, while the males showed significant hyperglycemia starting at 6 months in the SRCD group. In the males, a higher citrate synthase activity-a marker of mitochondrial content-was measured at 2 months in the SRCD compared to the MCD group, and this was followed by a decline with age in the SRCD group only. In contrast, females preserved their mitochondrial content throughout the age range. In the males exclusively, the complex IV capacity expressed independently of mitochondrial content varied with age in a diet-specific pattern; the capacity was elevated at 2 months in the SRCD group, and at 6 months in the MCD group. In addition, females, but not males, were able to adjust their capacity to oxidize long-chain fatty acid in accordance with the fat content of the diet. Our results show clear sexual dimorphism in the variation of mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation capacity with diet and age. The SRCD not only leads to T2DM but also exacerbates age-related cardiac mitochondrial defects. These observations, specific to male NRs, might reflect deleterious dietary-induced changes on their metabolism making them more prone to the cardiovascular consequences of aging and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Schneider
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Wells JCK, Stock JT. Life History Transitions at the Origins of Agriculture: A Model for Understanding How Niche Construction Impacts Human Growth, Demography and Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32508752 PMCID: PMC7253633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent millennia, human populations have regularly reconstructed their subsistence niches, changing both how they obtain food and the conditions in which they live. For example, over the last 12,000 years the vast majority of human populations shifted from foraging to practicing different forms of agriculture. The shift to farming is widely understood to have impacted several aspects of human demography and biology, including mortality risk, population growth, adult body size, and physical markers of health. However, these trends have not been integrated within an over-arching conceptual framework, and there is poor understanding of why populations tended to increase in population size during periods when markers of health deteriorated. Here, we offer a novel conceptual approach based on evolutionary life history theory. This theory assumes that energy availability is finite and must be allocated in competition between the functions of maintenance, growth, reproduction, and defence. In any given environment, and at any given stage during the life-course, natural selection favours energy allocation strategies that maximise fitness. We argue that the origins of agriculture involved profound transformations in human life history strategies, impacting both the availability of energy and the way that it was allocated between life history functions in the body. Although overall energy supply increased, the diet composition changed, while sedentary populations were challenged by new infectious burdens. We propose that this composite new ecological niche favoured increased energy allocation to defence (immune function) and reproduction, thus reducing the allocation to growth and maintenance. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis and highlight how further work could address both heterogeneity and specific aspects of the origins of agriculture in more detail. Our approach can be applied to many other transformations of the human subsistence niche, and can shed new light on the way that health, height, life expectancy, and fertility patterns are changing in association with globalization and nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jonathan C. K. Wells
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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20
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Multidimensional informatic deconvolution defines gender-specific roles of hypothalamic GIT2 in aging trajectories. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111150. [PMID: 31574270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most species, females live longer than males. An understanding of this female longevity advantage will likely uncover novel anti-aging therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the transcriptomic responses in the hypothalamus - a key organ for somatic aging control - to the introduction of a simple aging-related molecular perturbation, i.e. GIT2 heterozygosity. Our previous work has demonstrated that GIT2 acts as a network controller of aging. A similar number of both total (1079-female, 1006-male) and gender-unique (577-female, 527-male) transcripts were significantly altered in response to GIT2 heterozygosity in early life-stage (2 month-old) mice. Despite a similar volume of transcriptomic disruption in females and males, a considerably stronger dataset coherency and functional annotation representation was observed for females. It was also evident that female mice possessed a greater resilience to pro-aging signaling pathways compared to males. Using a highly data-dependent natural language processing informatics pipeline, we identified novel functional data clusters that were connected by a coherent group of multifunctional transcripts. From these it was clear that females prioritized metabolic activity preservation compared to males to mitigate this pro-aging perturbation. These findings were corroborated by somatic metabolism analyses of living animals, demonstrating the efficacy of our new informatics pipeline.
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21
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Endoplasmic reticulum rather than mitochondria plays a major role in the neuronal apoptosis induced by polybrominated diphenyl ether-153. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Li Y, Lou W, Raja V, Denis S, Yu W, Schmidtke MW, Reynolds CA, Schlame M, Houtkooper RH, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-induced activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase links mitochondrial lipid biosynthesis to TCA cycle function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11568-11578. [PMID: 31186346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes. Although it has long been known that CL plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, recent evidence in the yeast model indicates that CL is also essential for intermediary metabolism. To gain insight into the function of CL in energy metabolism in mammalian cells, here we analyzed the metabolic flux of [U-13C]glucose in a mouse C2C12 myoblast cell line, TAZ-KO, which is CL-deficient because of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the CL-remodeling enzyme tafazzin (TAZ). TAZ-KO cells exhibited decreased flux of [U-13C]glucose to [13C]acetyl-CoA and M2 and M4 isotopomers of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase, the predominant enzyme for anaplerotic replenishing of the TCA cycle, was elevated in TAZ-KO cells, which also exhibited increased sensitivity to the pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor phenylacetate. We attributed a decreased carbon flux from glucose to acetyl-CoA in the TAZ-KO cells to a ∼50% decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which was observed in both TAZ-KO cells and cardiac tissue from TAZ-KO mice. Protein-lipid overlay experiments revealed that PDH binds to CL, and supplementing digitonin-solubilized TAZ-KO mitochondria with CL restored PDH activity to WT levels. Mitochondria from TAZ-KO cells exhibited an increase in phosphorylated PDH, levels of which were reduced in the presence of supplemented CL. These findings indicate that CL is required for optimal PDH activation, generation of acetyl-CoA, and TCA cycle function, findings that link the key mitochondrial lipid CL to TCA cycle function and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Vaishnavi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Simone Denis
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - Michael Schlame
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, New York
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202
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23
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Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Mitochondria and Aging-The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020040. [PMID: 31083586 PMCID: PMC6627948 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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24
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Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity in the Geriatric Population: Challenges and Future Directions. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020032. [PMID: 31083551 PMCID: PMC6628177 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function declines with age, leading to a variety of age-related diseases (metabolic, central nervous system-related, cancer, etc.) and medication usage increases with age due to the increase in diseases. Drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity has been described for many different drug classes and can lead to liver, muscle, kidney and central nervous system injury and, in rare cases, to death. Many of the most prescribed medications in the geriatric population carry mitochondrial liabilities. We have demonstrated that, over the past decade, each class of drugs that demonstrated mitochondrial toxicity contained drugs with both more and less adverse effects on mitochondria. As patient treatment is often essential, we suggest using medication(s) with the best safety profile and the avoidance of concurrent usage of multiple medications that carry mitochondrial liabilities. In addition, we also recommend lifestyle changes to further improve one’s mitochondrial function, such as weight loss, exercise and nutrition.
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25
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Wu J, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Deng Z, Wan Y, Zhang Y, An S, Huang Q, Chen Z. Emerging role of SIRT3 in mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Res 2018; 53:139-149. [PMID: 30458637 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1549732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent protein deacetylase, SIRT3 is highly expressed in tissues with high metabolic turnover and mitochondrial content. It has been demonstrated that SIRT3 plays a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial biological function through reversible protein lysine deacetylation. SIRT3 has a variety of substrates that are involved in mitochondrial biological processes such as energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and clearance, electron transport chain flux, mitochondrial membrane potential maintenance, and mitochondrial dynamics. In the suppression of SIRT3, functional deficiencies of mitochondria contribute to the development of various cardiovascular disorders. Activation of SIRT3 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the improvement of mitochondrial function and the treatment of relevant cardiovascular disorders. In the current review, we discuss the emerging roles of SIRT3 in mitochondrial derangements and subsequent cardiovascular malfunctions, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhiya Deng
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yahui Wan
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng An
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- a Department of Critical Care Medicine , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pathophysiology , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Lim YP, Go MK, Raida M, Inoue T, Wenk MR, Keasling JD, Chang MW, Yew WS. Synthetic Enzymology and the Fountain of Youth: Repurposing Biology for Longevity. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11050-11061. [PMID: 30320257 PMCID: PMC6173508 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is an intervention that can increase maximal lifespan in organisms, but its application to humans remains challenging. A more feasible approach to achieve lifespan extension is to develop CR mimetics that target biochemical pathways affected by CR. Recent studies in the engineering and structural characterization of polyketide synthases (PKSs) have facilitated their use as biocatalysts to produce novel polyketides. Here, we show that by establishing a combinatorial biosynthetic route in Escherichia coli and exploring the substrate promiscuity of a mutant PKS from alfalfa, 413 potential anti-ageing polyketides were biosynthesized. In this approach, novel acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) precursors generated by promiscuous acid-CoA ligases were utilized by PKS to generate polyketides which were then fed to Caenorhabditis elegans to study their potential efficacy in lifespan extension. It was found that CR mimetics like resveratrol can counter the age-associated decline in mitochondrial function and increase the lifespan of C. elegans. Using the mitochondrial respiration profile of C. elegans supplemented for 8 days with 50 μM resveratrol as a blueprint, we can screen our novel polyketides for potential CR mimetics with improved potency. This study highlights the utility of synthetic enzymology in the development of novel anti-ageing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ping Lim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Maybelle K. Go
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Manfred Raida
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Matthew W. Chang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation,
Centre for Life Sciences, and Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences
Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
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Deloux R, Tannous C, Ferry A, Li Z, Mericskay M. Aged Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase 2 Deficient Mice Present an Altered Response to Endurance Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1290. [PMID: 30283350 PMCID: PMC6156423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle aging is marked by the development of a sarcopenic phenotype, a global decline of muscle energetic capacities, and an intolerance to exercise. Among the metabolic disorders involved in this syndrome, NAD metabolism was shown to be altered in skeletalmuscle, with an important role for the NAMPT enzyme recycling the nicotinamide precursor. An alternative pathway for NAD biosynthesis has been described for the nicotinamide riboside vitamin B3 precursor used by the NMRK kinases, including the striated muscle-specific NMRK2. Aim: With this study, our goal is to explore the ability of 16-month-old Nmrk2−/− mice to perform endurance exercise and study the consequences on muscle adaptation to exercise. Methods: 10 control and 6 Nmrk2−/− mice were used and randomly assigned to sedentary and treadmill endurance training groups. After 9 weeks of training, heart and skeletal muscle samples were harvested and used for gene expression analysis, NAD levels measurements and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Endurance training triggered a reduction in the expression of Cpt1b and AcadL genes involved in fatty acid catabolism in the heart of Nmrk2−/− mice, not in control mice. NAD levels were not altered in heart or skeletal muscle, nor at baseline neither after exercise training in any group. Myh7 gene encoding for the slow MHC-I was more strongly induced by exercise in Nmrk2−/− mice than in controls. Moreover, IL-15 expression levels is higher in Nmrk2−/− mice skeletal muscle at baseline compared to controls. No fiber type switch was observed in plantaris after exercise, but fast fibers diameter was reduced in aged control mice, not in Nmrk2−/− mice. No fiber type switch or diameter modification was observed in soleus muscle. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time a phenotype in old Nmrk2−/− mice in response to endurance exercise training. Although NMRK2 seems to be predominantly dispensable to maintain global NAD levels in heart and skeletal muscle, we demonstrated a maladaptive metabolic response to exercise in cardiac and skeletal muscle, showing that NMRK2 has a specific and restricted role in NAD signaling compared to the NAMPT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Deloux
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Tannous
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie, UMR-S 794, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Biology of Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR8256, INSERM U1164, Institute of Biology Paris-Seine, DHU FAST, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology-UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Mitochondrial NADH redox potential impacts the reactive oxygen species production of reverse Electron transfer through complex I. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:367-377. [PMID: 30136168 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play a major part in cell functioning. Although their harmfulness through oxidative stress is well documented, their role in signaling and sensing as an oxidative signal still needs to be investigated. In most cells, the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is the primary source of ROS. The production of ROS by reverse electron transfer through complex I has been demonstrated both in an experimental context but also in many pathophysiological situations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate this ROS production is of great interest to control its harmful effects. We used nigericin, Pi and valinomycin as tools to modulate the pH gradient (∆pH) and the membrane potential (∆Ψ) of the protonmotive force (∆p) in liver and muscle mitochondria to accurately determine how these parameters control the ROS production. We show that a high ∆Ψ is the "sine qua none" condition for ROS production from the reverse electron transfer (RET) through the complex I. However, a high ∆Ψ is not the only condition governing ROS production. Indeed, using tools that modulate the mitochondrial NADH level, we also demonstrate that ROS production is directly related to the mitochondrial redox potential when the membrane potential is almost stable.
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29
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Ma H, Lee Y, Hayama T, Van Dyken C, Marti-Gutierrez N, Li Y, Ahmed R, Koski A, Kang E, Darby H, Gonmanee T, Park Y, Wolf DP, Jai Kim C, Mitalipov S. Germline and somatic mtDNA mutations in mouse aging. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201304. [PMID: 30040856 PMCID: PMC6057648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of acquired mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations with aging in somatic cells has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and linked to age-onset diseases in humans. Here, we asked if somatic mtDNA mutations are also associated with aging in the mouse. MtDNA integrity in multiple organs and tissues in young and old (2-34 months) wild type (wt) mice was investigated by whole genome sequencing. Remarkably, no acquired somatic mutations were detected in tested tissues. However, we identified several non-synonymous germline mtDNA variants whose heteroplasmy levels (ratio of normal to mutant mtDNA) increased significantly with aging suggesting clonal expansion of inherited mtDNA mutations. Polg mutator mice, a model for premature aging, exhibited both germline and somatic mtDNA mutations whose numbers and heteroplasmy levels increased significantly with age implicating involvement in premature aging. Our results suggest that, in contrast to humans, acquired somatic mtDNA mutations do not accompany the aging process in wt mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Stem Cell Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nuria Marti-Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Riffat Ahmed
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eunju Kang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Stem Cell Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thanasup Gonmanee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Younjung Park
- Stem Cell Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Don P. Wolf
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Stem Cell Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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30
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Saha P, Gupta R, Sen T, Sen N. Activation of cyclin D1 affects mitochondrial mass following traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:108-116. [PMID: 30010002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle activation has been associated with varying types of neurological disorders including brain injury. Cyclin D1 is a critical modulator of cell cycle activation and upregulation of Cyclin D1 in neurons contributes to the pathology associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mitochondrial mass is a critical factor to maintain the mitochondrial function, and it can be regulated by different signaling cascades and transcription factors including NRF1. However, the underlying mechanism of how TBI leads to impairment of mitochondrial mass following TBI remains obscure. Our results indicate that augmentation of CyclinD1 attenuates mitochondrial mass formation following TBI. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that Cyclin D1 interacts with a transcription factor NRF1 in the nucleus and prevents NRF1's interaction with p300 in the pericontusional cortex following TBI. As a result, the acetylation level of NRF1 was decreased, and its transcriptional activity was attenuated. This event leads to a loss of mitochondrial mass in the pericontusional cortex following TBI. Intranasal delivery of Cyclin D1 RNAi immediately after TBI rescues transcriptional activation of NRF1 and recovers mitochondrial mass after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, United States
| | - Rajaneesh Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, United States
| | - Tanusree Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, United States
| | - Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, United States.
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31
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Bashir A, Bohnert KL, Reeds DN, Peterson LR, Bittel AJ, de Las Fuentes L, Pacak CA, Byrne BJ, Cade WT. Impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in children, adolescents, and young adults with Barth syndrome. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/3/e13130. [PMID: 28196853 PMCID: PMC5309577 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked condition characterized by altered cardiolipin metabolism and cardioskeletal myopathy. We sought to compare cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in children, adolescents, and young adults with BTHS and unaffected controls and examine their relationships with cardiac function and exercise capacity. Children/adolescents and young adults with BTHS (n = 20) and children/adolescent and young adult control participants (n = 23, total n = 43) underwent 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) of the lower extremity (calf) and heart for estimation of skeletal muscle and cardiac bioenergetics. Peak exercise testing (VO2peak) and resting echocardiography were also performed on all participants. Cardiac PCr/ATP ratio was significantly lower in children/adolescents (BTHS: 1.5 ± 0.2 vs. Control: 2.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.01) and adults (BTHS: 1.9 ± 0.2 vs. Control: 2.3 ± 0.2, P < 0.01) with BTHS compared to Control groups. Adults (BTHS: 76.4 ± 31.6 vs. Control: 35.0 ± 7.4 sec, P < 0.01) and children/adolescents (BTHS: 71.5 ± 21.3 vs. Control: 31.4 ± 7.4 sec, P < 0.01) with BTHS had significantly longer calf PCr recovery (τPCr) postexercise compared to controls. Maximal calf ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (Qmax‐lin) was significantly lower in children/adolescents (BTHS: 0.5 ± 0.1 vs. Control: 1.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L per sec, P < 0.01) and adults (BTHS: 0.5 ± 0.2 vs. Control: 1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L sec, P < 0.01) with BTHS compared to controls. Blunted cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics were associated with lower VO2peak but not resting cardiac function. Cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics are impaired and appear to contribute to exercise intolerance in BTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Bashir
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kathryn L Bohnert
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adam J Bittel
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri .,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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Maguire D, Neytchev O, Talwar D, McMillan D, Shiels PG. Telomere Homeostasis: Interplay with Magnesium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E157. [PMID: 29303978 PMCID: PMC5796106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere biology, a key component of the hallmarks of ageing, offers insight into dysregulation of normative ageing processes that accompany age-related diseases such as cancer. Telomere homeostasis is tightly linked to cellular metabolism, and in particular with mitochondrial physiology, which is also diminished during cellular senescence and normative physiological ageing. Inherent in the biochemistry of these processes is the role of magnesium, one of the main cellular ions and an essential cofactor in all reactions that use ATP. Magnesium plays an important role in many of the processes involved in regulating telomere structure, integrity and function. This review explores the mechanisms that maintain telomere structure and function, their influence on circadian rhythms and their impact on health and age-related disease. The pervasive role of magnesium in telomere homeostasis is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donogh Maguire
- Emergency Medicine Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
| | - Ognian Neytchev
- Section of Epigenetics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Dinesh Talwar
- The Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Donald McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Section of Epigenetics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Abstract
Vitamin B contributes to the overall health and wellbeing, including that of energy metabolism, methylation, synthesis and DNA repair and proper immune function. Deficiency in B vitamins has been linked to neurocognitive disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. In ageing populations B vitamin deficiency has been linked to cardiovascular disorders, cognitive dysfunction, osteoporosis and methylation disorders and can increase the risk of developing degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease, cognitive diseases and osteoporosis. Optimization of B vitamin status in the elderly may prove beneficial in the prevention of degenerative diseases. Here we discuss broadly the role of B vitamins in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mikkelsen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee, VIC, Australia
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34
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Distefano G, Standley RA, Dubé JJ, Carnero EA, Ritov VB, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FGS, Piva SR, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM. Chronological Age Does not Influence Ex-vivo Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:535-542. [PMID: 27325231 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable debate continues to surround the concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging muscle. We tested the overall hypothesis that age per se does not influence mitochondrial function and markers of mitochondria quality control, that is, expression of fusion, fission, and autophagy proteins. We also investigated the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and adiposity (body mass index) on these associations. Methods Percutaneous biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from sedentary young (n = 14, 24±3 years), middle-aged (n = 24, 41±9 years) and older adults (n = 20, 78±5 years). A physically active group of young adults (n = 10, 27±5 years) was studied as a control. Mitochondrial respiration was determined in saponin permeabilized fiber bundles. Fusion, fission and autophagy protein expression was determined by Western blot. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a graded exercise test. Results Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and expression of fusion (OPA1 and MFN2) and fission (FIS1) proteins were not different among sedentary groups despite a wide age range (21 to 88 years). Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and fusion and fission proteins were, however, negatively associated with body mass index, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity was positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. The young active group had higher respiration, complex I and II respiratory control ratios, and expression of fusion and fission proteins. Finally, the expression of fusion, fission, and autophagy proteins were linked with mitochondrial respiration. Conclusions Mitochondrial respiration and markers of mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are not associated with chronological age per se, but rather are more strongly associated with body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and
| | | | - John J Dubé
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Vladimir B Ritov
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Sara R Piva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and
| | | | - Paul M Coen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
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35
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Exercise-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: a myth or reality? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1407-16. [PMID: 27389587 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of physical activity on mitochondrial health are well substantiated in the scientific literature, with regular exercise improving mitochondrial quality and quantity in normal healthy population, and in cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and aging. However, several recent studies questioned this paradigm, suggesting that extremely heavy or exhaustive exercise fosters mitochondrial disturbances that could permanently damage its function in health and disease. Exercise-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (EIMD) might be a key proxy for negative outcomes of exhaustive exercise, being a pathophysiological substrate of heart abnormalities, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or muscle degeneration. Here, we overview possible factors that mediate negative effects of exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial function and structure, and put forward alternative solutions for the management of EIMD.
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36
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Ratushnyy A, Lobanova M, Buravkova LB. Expansion of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells at "physiologic" hypoxia attenuates replicative senescence. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:232-243. [PMID: 28589682 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are considered as a perspective tool in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, autologous cell therapy does not always provide positive outcomes in elder donors, perhaps as a result of the alterations of stem cell compartments. The mechanisms of stem and progenitor cell senescence and the factors engaged are investigated intensively. In present paper, we elucidated the effects of tissue-related O2 on morphology, functions, and transcriptomic profile of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in replicative senescence in vitro model. Replicatively senescent ASCs at ambient (20%) O2 (12-21 passages) demonstrated an increased average cell size, granularity, reactive oxygen species level, including anion superoxide, lysosomal compartment activity, and IL-6 production. Decreased ASC viability and proliferation, as well as the change of more than 10 senescence-associated gene expression were detected (IGF1, CDKN1C, ID1, CCND1, etc). Long-term ASC expansion at low O2 (5%) revoked in part the replicative senescence-associated alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ratushnyy
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita Lobanova
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Buravkova
- Lab. of Cell Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Farnaghi S, Crawford R, Xiao Y, Prasadam I. Cholesterol metabolism in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:131-140. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farnaghi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Qld Australia
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Xie X, Wang L, Zhao B, Chen Y, Li J. SIRT3 mediates decrease of oxidative damage and prevention of ageing in porcine fetal fibroblasts. Life Sci 2017; 177:41-48. [PMID: 28131761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondria-specific protein required for the deacetylation of metabolic enzymes and the action of oxidative phosphorylation by acting as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase. SIRT3 increases oxidative stress resistance and prevents mitochondrial decay associated with ageing in response to caloric restriction. However, the effects of SIRT3 on oxidative damage and ageing are not well understood. We investigated the physiological functions of porcine SIRT3 on the damage and ageing in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). MAIN METHODS Overexpression and knockdown of SIRT3 were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. All cells were treated with three different stress reagents 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), methanesulfonic acid methylester (MMS), and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), respectively, and then examined by flow cytometry following JC-1 (5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol-carbocyanine iodide) staining. KEY FINDINGS SIRT3 overexpression enhanced the ability of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) to reduce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further decreased the damage to the membranes and the organelles of the cells, especially to mitochondria. It inhibited the initial decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevented the decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and activity of Nampt. In contrast, SIRT3 knockdown reduced the ability of SOD2 to increase cellular ROS which was directly correlated with stress-induced oxidative damage and ageing in PFFs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings identify one function of SIRT3 in PFFs was to dampen cytotoxicity, and, therefore, to decrease oxidative damage and attenuate ageing possibly by enhancing the activity of SOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Liangliang Wang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sparks LM, Redman LM, Conley KE, Harper ME, Yi F, Hodges A, Eroshkin A, Costford SR, Gabriel ME, Shook C, Cornnell HH, Ravussin E, Smith SR. Effects of 12 Months of Caloric Restriction on Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:111-121. [PMID: 27778643 PMCID: PMC5413108 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on in vivo muscle mitochondrial function in humans are controversial. OBJECTIVE We evaluated muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese humans after 12 months of CR. DESIGN Individuals from an ancillary study of the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial were assessed at baseline and 12 months after a 25% CR or ad libitum (control) diet. SETTING The study was performed at Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, LA. PARTICIPANTS Study participants included 51 (34 female subjects, 25 to 50 years of age) healthy nonobese individuals randomized to 1 of 2 groups (CR or control). INTERVENTION This study included 12 months of a 25% CR or ad libitum (control) diet. MAIN OUTCOMES In vivo mitochondrial function [maximal ATP synthesis rate (ATPmax), ATPflux/O2 (P/O)] was determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. RESULTS Weight, body mass index (BMI), fat, and fat-free mass (P < 0.001 for all) significantly decreased at month 12 after CR vs control. In vivo ATPmax and P/O were unaffected by 12 months of CR. Targeted transcriptional profiling showed no effects on pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, function, or oxidative stress. A subgroup analysis according to baseline P/O demonstrated that a higher (vs lower) P/O was associated with notable improvements in ATPmax and P/O after CR. CONCLUSIONS In healthy nonobese humans, CR has no effect on muscle mitochondrial function; however, having a "more coupled" (versus "less coupled") phenotype enables CR-induced improvements in muscle mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808;
| | - Kevin E. Conley
- Radiology,
- Physiology & Biophysics, and
- Bioengineering, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195;
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and
| | - Alexey Eroshkin
- Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and
| | | | - Meghan E. Gabriel
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
| | - Cherie Shook
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Heather H. Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808;
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
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Gerdle B, Ernberg M, Mannerkorpi K, Larsson B, Kosek E, Christidis N, Ghafouri B. Increased Interstitial Concentrations of Glutamate and Pyruvate in Vastus Lateralis of Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome Are Normalized after an Exercise Intervention - A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162010. [PMID: 27695113 PMCID: PMC5047648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with central alterations, but controversies exist regarding the presence and role of peripheral factors. Microdialysis (MD) can be used in vivo to study muscle alterations in FMS. Furthermore for chronic pain conditions such as FMS, the mechanisms for the positive effects of exercise are unclear. This study investigates the interstitial concentrations of algesics and metabolites in the vastus lateralis muscle of 29 women with FMS and 28 healthy women before and after an exercise intervention. METHODS All the participants went through a clinical examination and completed a questionnaire. In addition, their pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in their upper and lower extremities were determined. For both groups, MD was conducted in the vastus lateralis muscle before and after a 15-week exercise intervention of mainly resistance training of the lower limbs. Muscle blood flow and interstitial muscle concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, glucose, and glycerol were determined. RESULTS FMS was associated with significantly increased interstitial concentrations of glutamate, pyruvate, and lactate. After the exercise intervention, the FMS group exhibited significant decreases in pain intensity and in mean interstitial concentrations of glutamate, pyruvate, and glucose. The decrease in pain intensity in FMS correlated significantly with the decreases in pyruvate and glucose. In addition, the FMS group increased their strength and endurance. CONCLUSION This study supports the suggestion that peripheral metabolic and algesic muscle alterations are present in FMS patients and that these alterations contribute to pain. After an exercise intervention, alterations normalized, pain intensity decreased (but not abolished), and strength and endurance improved, all findings that suggest the effects of exercise are partially peripheral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function and Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neuroscience (SCON), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Mannerkorpi
- Section of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Osher Centre for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos Christidis
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function and Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neuroscience (SCON), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Sebastián D, Sorianello E, Segalés J, Irazoki A, Ruiz-Bonilla V, Sala D, Planet E, Berenguer-Llergo A, Muñoz JP, Sánchez-Feutrie M, Plana N, Hernández-Álvarez MI, Serrano AL, Palacín M, Zorzano A. Mfn2 deficiency links age-related sarcopenia and impaired autophagy to activation of an adaptive mitophagy pathway. EMBO J 2016; 35:1677-93. [PMID: 27334614 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged mitochondria are considered major contributors to aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these mitochondrial alterations remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays a key role in the control of muscle mitochondrial damage. We show that aging is characterized by a progressive reduction in Mfn2 in mouse skeletal muscle and that skeletal muscle Mfn2 ablation in mice generates a gene signature linked to aging. Furthermore, analysis of muscle Mfn2-deficient mice revealed that aging-induced Mfn2 decrease underlies the age-related alterations in metabolic homeostasis and sarcopenia. Mfn2 deficiency reduced autophagy and impaired mitochondrial quality, which contributed to an exacerbated age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, aging-induced Mfn2 deficiency triggers a ROS-dependent adaptive signaling pathway through induction of HIF1α transcription factor and BNIP3. This pathway compensates for the loss of mitochondrial autophagy and minimizes mitochondrial damage. Our findings reveal that Mfn2 repression in muscle during aging is a determinant for the inhibition of mitophagy and accumulation of damaged mitochondria and triggers the induction of a mitochondrial quality control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ruiz-Bonilla
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Berenguer-Llergo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Feutrie
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Plana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chmielewski P, Borysławski K, Strzelec B. Contemporary views on human aging and longevity. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aging is currently stimulating intense interest of both researchers and the general public. In developed countries, the average life expectancy has increased by roughly 30 years within the last century, and human senescence has been delayed by around a decade. Although aging is arguably the most familiar aspect of human biology, its proximate and ultimate causes have not been elucidated fully and understood yet. Nowadays there are two main approaches to the ultimate causes of aging. These are deterministic and stochastic models. The proximate theories constitute a distinct group of explanations. They focus on mechanistic causes of aging. In this view, there is no reason to believe that there is only one biological mechanism responsible for aging. The aging process is highly complex and results from an accumulation of random molecular damage. Currently, the disposable soma theory (DST), proposed by Thomas Kirkwood, is the most influential and coherent line of reasoning in biogerontology. This model does not postulate any particular mechanism underpinning somatic defense. Therefore, it is compatible with various models, including mechanistic and evolutionary explanations. Recently, however, an interesting theory of hyper-function of mTOR as a more direct cause of aging has been formulated by Mikhail Blagosklonny, offering an entirely different approach to numerous problems and paradoxes in current biogerontology. In this view, aging is quasi-programmed, which means that it is an aimless continuation of developmental growth. This mTOR-centric model allows the prediction of completely new relationships. The aim of this article is to present and compare the views of both parties in the dispute, based on the results of some recent experimental studies, and the contemporary knowledge of selected major aspects of human aging and longevity
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chmielewski
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Camacho-Pereira J, Tarragó MG, Chini CCS, Nin V, Escande C, Warner GM, Puranik AS, Schoon RA, Reid JM, Galina A, Chini EN. CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1127-1139. [PMID: 27304511 PMCID: PMC4911708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels decrease during aging and are involved in age-related metabolic decline. To date, the mechanism responsible for the age-related reduction in NAD has not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that expression and activity of the NADase CD38 increase with aging and that CD38 is required for the age-related NAD decline and mitochondrial dysfunction via a pathway mediated at least in part by regulation of SIRT3 activity. We also identified CD38 as the main enzyme involved in the degradation of the NAD precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in vivo, indicating that CD38 has a key role in the modulation of NAD-replacement therapy for aging and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Tarragó
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Veronica Nin
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gina M Warner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Renee A Schoon
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joel M Reid
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Antonio Galina
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Capelli C, Rittveger J, Bruseghini P, Calabria E, Tam E. Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1395-410. [PMID: 27225620 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analyzed the best performance times of master cycling athletes in the 200-3000 m track competitions to estimate the decay of maximal aerobic power (MAP) and anaerobic capacity (AnS) with aging. METHODS In various decades of age (30-80 years), MAP and AnS were estimated using an iterative procedure as the values that minimize the difference between: (1) the metabolic power ([Formula: see text]) necessary to cover a given distance (d) in the time t and; (2) the maximal metabolic power ([Formula: see text]) maintained at a constant level throughout the competition. RESULTS MAP started decreasing at 45 years of age. Thereafter, it showed an average percent rate of decrease of about 16 % for decade, as previously shown in other classes of master athletes. In addition, AnS seemed to decay by about 11 % every 10 years from the second part of the fifth decade. CONCLUSIONS The decay of MAP occurred in spite of the active lifestyle of the subjects and it may be attributed to the progressive impairment of maximal O2 delivery and/or of peripheral O2 utilization. The loss of AnS might derive from the progressive loss of muscle mass occurring after the fifth decade of life, to the progressive qualitative deterioration of the anaerobic energy yielding pathways or to the lower capacity of MN recruitment during maximal efforts. The proposed approach may be applied to other types of human locomotion of whom the relationship between performance t and [Formula: see text] is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Capelli
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Physical Performances, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Rittveger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Bruseghini
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Calabria
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Tam
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Bose B, Shenoy PS. Aging induced loss of stemness with concomitant gain of myogenic properties of a pure population of CD34(+)/CD45(-) muscle derived stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 70:1-12. [PMID: 26655331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the functional decline of cells, tissues, and organs, as well as, a striking increase in susceptibility to a wide range of diseases. Within a tissue, both differentiated cells and adult stem cells are susceptible to intrinsic and extrinsic changes while aging. Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) are tissue specific stem cells which have been studied well for their multipotential nature. Although there are reports relating to diminished function and regenerative capacity of aged MDSCs as compared to their young counterparts, not much has been reported relating to the concomitant gain in unipotent nature of aged MDSCs. In this study, we report an inverse correlation between aging and expression of adult/mesenchymal stem cell markers and a direct correlation between aging and myogenecity in MDSCs. Aged MDSCs were able to generate a greater number of dystrophin positive myofibres, as compared to, the young MDSCs when transplanted in muscle of dystrophic mice. Our data, therefore, suggests that aging stress adds to the decline in stem cell characteristics with a concomitant increase in unipotency, in terms of, myogenecity of MDSCs. This study, hence, also opens the possibilities of using unipotent aged MDSCs as potential candidates for transplantation in patients with muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - P Sudheer Shenoy
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Hadi H, Razali SNS, Awadh AI. A Comprehensive Review of the Cosmeceutical Benefits of Vanda Species (Orchidaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orchidaceae is the largest family of flowering plants with over 35000 species and 850 genera. About 3300 species of orchids are found in Malaysia and the diversity is highest in the Main, Keledang, Bintang and Tahan Ranges. Apart from being prized for their beauty, orchids have long been used by humans for medicinal purposes. Today the uses of orchids have been expanded to the food and cosmetics industries. Many cosmeceutical companies use orchid extracts as an active ingredient in their products. Previous studies provide riveting insights into the potential uses of orchid extracts as an active agent in cosmetics. This paper describes the cosmeceutical potential of orchids as an anti-aging, and skin moisturizing agent. Orchid extracts from Vanda coerulea and V. teres delay aging caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UV irradiation through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These extracts also show anti-aging properties by stimulating cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase improves the respiratory function of mitochondria in keratinocytes. The presence of mucilage in orchids enables them to maintain skin hydration. Mucilage functions as a moisturizer and emollient due to its high water binding capacity. Additionally, orchid extracts provide skin hydration by stimulating aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and LEKTI protein expression. The presence of AQP3 leads to a five-fold increase in water permeability, which subsequently increases stratum corneum hydration. Increased LEKTI protein expression mediated by orchid extracts reduces the degradation of desmoglein-1 and enhances the structural function of desmosomes, which play important roles in preventing water evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrina Hadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah Nazira Said Razali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Ihsan Awadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Sebastián C, Mostoslavsky R. The role of mammalian sirtuins in cancer metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 43:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mitochondrial function and lifespan of mice with controlled ubiquinone biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6393. [PMID: 25744659 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is implicated in mitochondrial electron transport, superoxide generation and as a membrane antioxidant. Here we present a mouse model in which UQ biosynthesis can be interrupted and partially restored at will. Global loss of UQ leads to gradual loss of mitochondrial function, gradual development of disease phenotypes and shortened lifespan. However, we find that UQ does not act as antioxidant in vivo and that its requirement for electron transport is much lower than anticipated, even in vital mitochondria-rich organs. In fact, severely depressed mitochondrial function due to UQ depletion in the heart does not acutely impair organ function. In addition, we demonstrate that severe disease phenotypes and shortened lifespan are reversible upon partial restoration of UQ levels and mitochondrial function. This observation strongly suggests that the irreversible degenerative phenotypes that characterize ageing are not secondarily caused by the gradual mitochondrial dysfunction that is observed in aged animals.
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Wang DT, He J, Wu M, Li SM, Gao Q, Zeng QP. Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and compromise telomere shortening in mice. PeerJ 2015; 3:e822. [PMID: 25780774 PMCID: PMC4358698 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction is known to extend lifespan among organisms by a debating mechanism underlying nitric oxide-driven mitochondrial biogenesis. We report here that nitric oxide generators including artemisinin, sodium nitroprusside, and L-arginine mimics calorie restriction and resembles hydrogen peroxide to initiate the nitric oxide signaling cascades and elicit the global antioxidative responses in mice. The large quantities of antioxidant enzymes are correlated with the low levels of reactive oxygen species, which allow the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and accessory DNA repair partners, eventually leading to the compromise of telomere shortening. Accompanying with the up-regulation of signal transducers and respiratory chain signatures, mitochondrial biogenesis occurs with the elevation of adenosine triphosphate levels upon exposure of mouse skeletal muscles to the mimetics of calorie restriction. In conclusion, calorie restriction-triggered nitric oxide provides antioxidative protection and alleviates telomere attrition via mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby maintaining chromosomal stability and integrity, which are the hallmarks of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ting Wang
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wu
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ming Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ping Zeng
- Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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