1
|
Li W, Huang S, Yang X, Xie Y, Meng X, Xu Z, Li Z, Zhou W, Zhang W, Wang S, Jin L, Jin N, Lyu J, Yu J. Identification of the SP gene family and transcription factor SlSP5G promotes the high-temperature tolerance of tomatoes. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 298:140043. [PMID: 39828177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Some members of the SELF PRUNING (SP) gene family have been shown to play critical roles in developmental processes and stress responses across a wide range of plant species. The study identifies 13 members that can be divided into three subfamilies based on evolutionary analysis. Cis-Acting element analysis of the promoter regions indicated the presence of numerous stress- and hormone-responsive elements in the SlSP family. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the SlSP family proteins are localized in the cell membrane, nucleus, and chloroplasts. Notably, the expression of SELF PRUNING 5G (SlSP5G) was significantly induced by high-temperature stress. Silencing SlSP5G reduced tolerance to high-temperature stress. Conversely, its overexpression in stable transgenic lines enhanced heat tolerance, as demonstrated by improved membrane stability, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In contrast, SlSP5G knockout lines were more susceptible to high-temperature stress. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the SlSP gene family, offering novel insights into the mechanism of SlSP5G-mediated heat stress tolerance in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuchao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaozhuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jihua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang S, Yang X, Li W, Xu Z, Xie Y, Meng X, Li Z, Zhou W, Wang S, Jin L, Jin N, Lyu J, Yu J. Genome-wide analysis of the CCT gene family and functional characterization of SlCCT6 in response to drought stress in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135906. [PMID: 39332567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
CCT transcription factors are important for photoperiod and abiotic stress regulation in Arabidopsis and rice. However, the CCT gene family has not been reported in tomato. Here, we systematically analyzed this. Thirty-one SlCCT genes were identified and divided into five groups (CMF, TIFY, PRR, S8, and COL), with members unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes and the third chromosome exhibiting the most distribution. SlCCT was found to interact with an interacting protein (SlGI), transcription factor (MYB), and non-coding RNA (sly-miR156-5p) to jointly regulate the tomato stress response. cis-Acting element analysis of the SlCCT promoter region indicated large stress- and hormone-response elements in this family. Real-time PCR results indicated that SlPRR subfamily genes respond to various abiotic stresses and hormones. Tissue expression analysis revealed that several PRR subfamily genes are highly expressed in flowers, and subcellular localization analysis indicated an SlCCT6 nuclear location. Notably, SlCCT6 expression was significantly induced by drought, and its silencing reduced drought stress tolerance. Moreover, SlCCT6 overexpression enhanced tomato drought resistance by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and activating stress-related genes, whereas SlCCT6 knockout decreased drought resistance. In conclusion, this provides valuable insights for future research on SlCCT functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiqi Xu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaozhuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao S, Chen J, Cao S, Wang H, Chen H, Wei Y, Chen Y, Shao X, Xu F. The regulation of Cytochrome f by mannose treatment in broccoli and its relationship with programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108480. [PMID: 38437751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that programmed cell death (PCD) occurred in broccoli during postharvest senescence, but no studies have been conducted on the regulation of broccoli cytochrome f by mannose treatment and its relationship with PCD. In this study, we treated broccoli buds with mannose to investigate the changes in color, total chlorophyll content, gene expression related to chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast structure, and cytochrome f determination during postharvest storage. In addition, to investigate the effect of cytochrome f on PCD, we extracted cytochrome f from broccoli and treated Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells with extracted cytochrome f from broccoli at various concentrations. The results showed that cytochrome f can induce PCD in tobacco BY-2 cells, as evidenced by altered cell morphology, nuclear chromatin disintegration, DNA degradation, decreased cell viability, and increased caspase-3-like protease production. Taken together, our study indicated that mannose could effectively delay senescence of postharvest broccoli by inhibiting the expression of gene encoding cytochrome f which could induce PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almutairi MM, Almotairy HM. Analysis of Heat Shock Proteins Based on Amino Acids for the Tomato Genome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2014. [PMID: 36360251 PMCID: PMC9690137 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate heat shock proteins in the tomato genome through the analysis of amino acids. The highest length among sequences was found in seq19 with 3534 base pairs. This seq19 was reported and contained a family of proteins known as HsfA that have a domain of transcriptional activation for tolerance to heat and other abiotic stresses. The values of the codon adaptation index (CAI) ranged from 0.80 in Seq19 to 0.65 in Seq10, based on the mRNA of heat shock proteins for tomatoes. Asparagine (AAT, AAC), aspartic acid (GAT, GAC), phenylalanine (TTT, TTC), and tyrosine (TAT, TAC) have relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values bigger than 0.5. In modified relative codon bias (MRCBS), the high gene expressions of the amino acids under heat stress were histidine, tryptophan, asparagine, aspartic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cysteine, and threonine. RSCU values that were less than 0.5 were considered rare codons that affected the rate of translation, and thus selection could be effective by reducing the frequency of expressed genes under heat stress. The normal distribution of RSCU shows about 68% of the values drawn from the standard normal distribution were within 0.22 and -0.22 standard deviations that tend to cluster around the mean. The most critical component based on principal component analysis (PCA) was the RSCU. These findings would help plant breeders in the development of growth habits for tomatoes during breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshal M. Almutairi
- National Center of Agricultural Technology, Sustainability and Environment, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST, Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Guo F, Cao S, Zhao K, Zhao K, Wang H, Shao X, Wei Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Xu F. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alleviated oxidative damage and programmed cell death in fresh-cut pumpkins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:9-16. [PMID: 35366616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on plant anti-oxygenation and programmed cell death (PCD) in fresh-cut pumpkins was investigated. Exogenous GABA positively promoted GABA accumulation and alleviated oxidant damage in pumpkins tissue. Pumpkins treated with GABA showed lower electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content, while higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as compared to the non-treated tissues. Our results also found that GABA treatment retarded DNA degradation and cytochrome c release and delayed the apoptosis of pumpkin cells. On the other hand, the inhibitor of GABA generation, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) treatment not only accelerated oxidant damage, but also induced cell death involving chromatin condensation, DNA ladder and cytochrome c releasing. Taken together, our present research indicated that exogenous GABA could alleviate the wound-induced oxidative stress and PCD occurrence in fresh-cut pumpkins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Guo
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - KeXin Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chundan Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aldubai AA, Alsadon AA, Migdadi HH, Alghamdi SS, Al-Faifi SA, Afzal M. Response of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes to Heat Stress Using Morphological and Expression Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:615. [PMID: 35270087 PMCID: PMC8912326 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat stress is one of the significant production restrictions for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop. The tomato crop is considered an important vegetable crop globally and represents a model plant for fruit development research. The heat shock factor (HSF) gene family contains plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that are highly conserved and play a key role in plant high-temperature stress responses. The current study was designed to determine the relative response of heat stress under three different temperatures in the field condition to determine its relative heat tolerance. Furthermore, the study also characterized heat shock genes in eight tomato genotypes under different temperature regimes. The expressions of each gene were quantified using qPCR. The descriptive statistics results suggested a high range of diversity among the studied variables growing under three different temperatures. The qPCR study revealed that the SlyHSF genes play an important role in plant heat tolerance pathways. The expression patterns of HSF genes in tomatoes have been described in various tissues were determined at high temperature stress. The genes, SlyHSFs-1, SlyHSFs-2, SlyHSFs-8, SlyHSFs-9 recorded upregulation expression relative to SlyHSFs-3, SlyHSFs-5, SlyHSFs-10, and SlyHSFs-11. The genotypes, Strain B, Marmande VF, Pearson's early, and Al-Qatif-365 recorded the tolerant tomato genotypes under high-temperature stress conditions relative to other genotypes. The heat map analysis also confirmed the upregulation and downregulation of heat shock factor genes among the tomato genotypes. These genotypes will be introduced in the breeding program to improve tomato responses to heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim A. Aldubai
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alsadon
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
| | - Hussein H. Migdadi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
- National Agricultural Research Center, Baqa, Amman 19381, Jordan
| | - Salem S. Alghamdi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
| | - Sulieman A. Al-Faifi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.A.A.-F.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alsamir M, Mahmood T, Trethowan R, Ahmad N. An overview of heat stress in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1654-1663. [PMID: 33732051 PMCID: PMC7938145 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has been defined as the rise of temperature for a period of time higher than a threshold level, thereby permanently affecting the plant growth and development. Day or night temperature is considered as the major limiting factor for plant growth. Earlier studies reported that night temperature is an important factor in the heat reaction of the plants. Tomato cultivars capable of setting viable fruits under night temperatures above 21 °C are considered as heat-tolerant cultivars. The development of breeding objectives is generally summarized in four points: (a) cultivars with higher yield, (b) disease resistant varieties in the 1970s, (c) long shelf-life in 1980s, and (d) nutritive and taste quality during 1990s. Some unique varieties like the dwarf "Micro-Tom", and the first transgenic tomato (FlavrSavr) were developed through breeding; they were distributed late in the 1980s. High temperature significantly affects seed, pollen viability and root expansion. Researchers have employed different parameters to evaluate the tolerance to heat stress, including membrane thermo stability, floral characteristics (Stigma exertion and antheridia cone splitting), flower number, and fruit yield per plant. Reports on pollen viability and fruit set/plant under heat stress by comparing the pollen growth and tube development in heat-treated and non-heat-stressed conditions are available in literature. The electrical conductivity (EC) have been used to evaluate the tolerance of some tomato cultivars in vitro under heat stress conditions as an indication of cell damage due to electrolyte leakage; they classified the cultivars into three groups: (a) heat tolerant, (b) moderately heat tolerant, and (c) heat sensitive. It is important to determine the range in genetic diversity for heat tolerance in tomatoes. Heat stress experiments under field conditions offer breeders information to identify the potentially heat tolerant germplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Alsamir
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Nabil Ahmad
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sychta K, Słomka A, Kuta E. Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals-Discovering a Terra Incognita. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010065. [PMID: 33406697 PMCID: PMC7823951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang QF, Li J, Bi FC, Liu Z, Chang ZY, Wang LY, Huang LQ, Yao N. Ceramide-Induced Cell Death Depends on Calcium and Caspase-Like Activity in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32161611 PMCID: PMC7054224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide sphingolipids are major components of membranes. C2 and C6 ceramides induce programmed cell death (PCD) in animals and plants, and we previously showed that C2 and C6 ceramides induce PCD in rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts. However, the mechanistic link between sphingolipids and PCD in rice remains unclear. Here, we observed that calcium levels increased rapidly after ceramide treatment. Moreover, the calcium channel inhibitor LaCl3 and the intracellular calcium chelator acetoxymethyl-1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethic acid (BAPTA-AM) inhibited this calcium increase and prevented ceramide-induced PCD. Moreover, caspase-3-like protease activity increased significantly in C6 ceramide-treated protoplasts, and a caspase-specific inhibitor prevented C6 ceramide-induced cell death. We also detected the other typical PCD events including ATP loss. DIDS (4, 49-diisothiocyanatostilbene- 2, 29-disulfonic acid), an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), decreased C6 ceramide-induced cell death. Together, this evidence suggests that mitochondria played an important role in C6 ceramide-induced PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Li
- *Correspondence: Jian Li, ; Nan Yao,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nan Yao
- *Correspondence: Jian Li, ; Nan Yao,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
John SP, Hasenstein KH. Desiccation Mitigates Heat Stress in the Resurrection Fern, Pleopeltis polypodioides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597731. [PMID: 33329661 PMCID: PMC7733933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although heat and desiccation stresses often coincide, the response to heat especially in desiccation tolerant plants is rarely studied. We subjected hydrated Pleopeltis polypodioides fronds to temperatures up to 50°C and dehydrated fronds up to 65°C for 24 h. The effect of heat stress was evaluated using morphological changes, photosystem (PS) II efficiency, and metabolic indicators. Pinnae of dried fronds exposed to more than 40°C curled tighter and became brittle compared to fronds dried at lower temperatures. Exposure to > 50°C leads to discolored fronds after rehydration. Hydrated fronds turned partially brown at > 35°C. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft) and quantum yield (Qy) increased following re-hydration but the recovery process after 40°C treatment lasted longer than at lower temperatures. Similarly, hydrated fronds showed reduced Qy when exposed to > 40°C. Dried and hydrated fronds remained metabolically active up to 40°C. Hydroperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides in dried samples remained high up to 50°C, but decreased in hydrated fronds at > 40°C. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) oxidizing activities remained high up to 40°C in dehydrated fronds and up to 35°C in hydrated fronds. Major fatty acids detected in both dehydrated and hydrated fronds included palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids, oleic (18:1), linoleic (C18:2); and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Linolenic acid was most abundant. In dried fronds, all fatty acids decreased at > 35°C. The combined data indicate that the thermotolerance of dry fronds is about 55°C but is at least 10°C lower for hydrated fronds.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hajdinák P, Czobor Á, Szarka A. The potential role of acrolein in plant ferroptosis-like cell death. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227278. [PMID: 31887216 PMCID: PMC6936820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The iron dependent, programmed cell death, ferroptosis was described first in tumour cells. It showed distinct features from the already known cell death forms such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The caspase independent cell death could be induced by the depletion of glutathione by erastin or by the inhibition of the lipid peroxide scavenger enzyme GPX4 by RSL3 and it was accompanied by the generation of lipid reactive oxygen species. Recently, ferroptosis-like cell death associated to glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and iron dependency could also be induced in plant cells by heat treatment. Unfortunately, the mediators and elements of the ferroptotic pathway have not been described yet. Our present results on Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures suggest that acrolein, a lipid peroxide-derived reactive carbonyl species, is involved in plant ferroptosis-like cell death. The acrolein induced cell death could be mitigated by the known ferroptosis inhibitors such as Ferrostatin-1, Deferoxamine, α-Tocopherol, and glutathione. At the same time acrolein can be a mediator of ferroptosis-like cell death in plant cells since the known ferroptosis inducer RSL3 induced cell death could be mitigated by the acrolein scavenger carnosine. Finally, on the contrary to the caspase independent ferroptosis in human cells, we found that caspase-like activity can be involved in plant ferroptosis-like cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Hajdinák
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Czobor
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szarka
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palma F, Carvajal F, Jiménez-Muñoz R, Pulido A, Jamilena M, Garrido D. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment improves the cold tolerance of zucchini fruit during postharvest storage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:188-195. [PMID: 30685698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the effect of a treatment with 1 mM of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on zucchini fruit during postharvest cold storage. Specifically, the effect of GABA on postharvest quality was measured, as well as its implication in the GABA shunt and other related metabolic pathways. The treatments were performed in Sinatra, a variety of zucchini highly sensitive to low-temperature storage. The application of GABA improved the quality of zucchini fruit stored at 4 °C, with a reduction of chilling-injury index, weight loss, and cell death, as well as a lower rate of electrolyte leakage. GABA content was significantly higher in the treated fruit than in the control fruit at all times analyzed. At the end of the storage period, GABA-treated fruit had higher contents of both proline and putrescine. The catabolism of this polyamine was not affected by exogenous GABA. Also, over the long term, the treatment induced the GABA shunt by increasing the activities of the enzymes GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). GABA-treated fruit contained higher levels of fumarate and malate than did non-treated fruit, as well as higher ATP and NADH contents. These results imply that the GABA shunt is involved in providing metabolites to produce energy, reduce power, and help the fruit to cope with cold stress over the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fátima Carvajal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Jiménez-Muñoz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Amada Pulido
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MDH and CAT increase the germination of cryopreserved Paeonia pollen by regulating the ROS and apoptosis-like events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2019.1234.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
14
|
Ramírez-Sánchez M, Huber DJ, Vallejos CE, Kelley K. Physiological, molecular and ultrastructural analyses during ripening and over-ripening of banana (Musa spp., AAA group, Cavendish sub-group) fruit suggest characteristics of programmed cell death. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:609-617. [PMID: 28665023 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of plant development that has been studied for petal senescence and vegetative tissue but has not been thoroughly investigated for fleshy fruits. The purpose of this research was to examine ripening and over-ripening in banana fruit to determine if there were processes in common to previously described PCD. RESULTS Loss of cellular integrity (over 40%) and development of senescence related dark spot (SRDS) occurred after day 8 in banana peel. Nuclease and protease activity in the peel increased during ripening starting from day 2, and decreased during over-ripening. The highest activity was for proteases and nucleases with apparent molecular weights of 86 kDa and 27 kDa, respectively. Images of SRDS showed shrinkage of the upper layers of cells, visually suggesting cell death. Decrease of electron dense areas was evident in TEM micrographs of nuclei. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time that ripening and over-ripening of banana peel share physiological and molecular processes previously described in plant PCD. SRDS could represent a morphotype of PCD that characterizes a structural and biochemical failure in the upper layers of the peel, thereafter spreading to lower and adjacent layers of cells. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald J Huber
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - C Eduardo Vallejos
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Kelley
- Electron Microscopy and Bio-imaging Core, ICBR, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Peng X, Yang Z, Zhao W, Xu W, Hao J, Wu W, Shen XL, Luo Y, Huang K. iTRAQ Mitoproteome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9050167. [PMID: 28524096 PMCID: PMC5450715 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and dangerous mycotoxins in the world. Previous work indicated that OTA could elicit spontaneous HR-like lesions formation Arabidopsis thaliana, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in OTA toxicity, and their major endogenous source is mitochondria. However, there has been no evidence as to whether OTA induces directly PCD in plants until now. In this study, the presence of OTA in Arabidopsisthaliana leaves triggered accelerated respiration, increased production of mitochondrial ROS, the opening of ROS-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pores and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. There were 42 and 43 significantly differentially expressed proteins identified in response to exposure to OTA for 8 and 24 h, respectively, according to iTRAQ analysis. These proteins were mainly involved in perturbation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, interfering with ATP synthesis and inducing PCD. Digital gene expression data at transcriptional level was consistent with the cell death induced by OTA being PCD. These results indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was a prerequisite for OTA-induced PCD and the initiation and execution of PCD via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Junran Hao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weihong Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiao Li Shen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8793
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gupta SK, Sharma S, Santisree P, Kilambi HV, Appenroth K, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Complex and shifting interactions of phytochromes regulate fruit development in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1688-702. [PMID: 24433205 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a complex metabolic process regulated by a genetical hierarchy. A subset of this process is also modulated by light signalling, as mutants encoding negative regulators of phytochrome signal transduction show higher accumulation of carotenoids. In tomato, phytochromes are encoded by a multi-gene family, namely PHYA, PHYB1, PHYB2, PHYE and PHYF; however, their contribution to fruit development and ripening has not been examined. Using single phytochrome mutants phyA, phyB1 and phyB2 and multiple mutants phyAB1, phyB1B2 and phyAB1B2, we compared the on-vine transitory phases of ripening until fruit abscission. The phyAB1B2 mutant showed accelerated transitions during ripening, with shortest time to fruit abscission. Comparison of transition intervals in mutants indicated a phase-specific influence of different phytochrome species either singly or in combination on the ripening process. Examination of off-vine ripened fruits indicated that ripening-specific carotenoid accumulation was not obligatorily dependent upon light and even dark-incubated fruits accumulated carotenoids. The accumulation of transcripts and carotenoids in off-vine and on-vine ripened mutant fruits indicated a complex and shifting phase-dependent modulation by phytochromes. Our results indicate that, in addition to regulating carotenoid levels in tomato fruits, phytochromes also regulate the time required for phase transitions during ripening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferradás Y, López M, Rey M, González MV. Programmed cell death in kiwifruit stigmatic arms and its relationship to the effective pollination period and the progamic phase. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:35-45. [PMID: 24782437 PMCID: PMC4071096 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kiwifruit is a crop with a highly successful reproductive performance, which is impaired by the short effective pollination period of female flowers. This study investigates whether the degenerative processes observed in both pollinated and non-pollinated flowers after anthesis may be considered to be programmed cell death (PCD). METHODS Features of PCD in kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, were studied in both non-pollinated and pollinated stigmatic arms using transmission electron microscopy, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assays, DNA gel electrophoresis and caspase-like activity assays. KEY RESULTS In the secretory tissues of the stigmatic arms, cell organelles disintegrated sequentially while progressive vacuolization was detected. At the same time, chromatin condensation, nuclear deformation, and DNA fragmentation and degradation were observed. These features were detected in both non-pollinated and pollinated stigmatic arms; they were evident in the stigmas of pollinated flowers by the second day after anthesis but only by 4 d after anthesis in non-pollinated flowers. In addition, in pollinated stigmatic arms, these features were first initiated in the stigma and gradually progressed through the style, consistent with pollen tube growth. This timing of events was also observed in both non-pollinated and pollinated stigmatic arms for caspase-3-like activity. CONCLUSIONS The data provide evidence to support the hypothesis that PCD processes occurring in the secretory tissue of non-pollinated kiwifruit stigmatic arms could be the origin for the observed short effective pollination period. The results obtained in the secretory tissue of pollinated kiwifruit stigmatic arms upon pollination support the idea that PCD might be accelerated by pollination, pointing to the involvement of PCD during the progamic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ferradás
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marián López
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Rey
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ma Victoria González
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago, Campus Sur, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen X, Nie P, Deng H, Mi H, Hou X, Li P, Mao L. Evidence of programmed cell death induced by reconditioning after cold stress in cucumber fruit and possible involvement of ethylene. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1299-304. [PMID: 24105489 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucumber fruit is susceptible to chilling injury (CI), which could be accelerated significantly with subsequent shelf-life. This type of CI culminates in deterioration of organs and eventually leads to cell death. In this study, evidence of programmed cell death (PCD), involving cell death induced by cold stress, was investigated in cucumber. Harvested cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Zhexiu-1) fruits were stored at 2 °C for 3, 6 or 9 days and subsequently transferred to 20 °C for 2 days. RESULTS Significant cell death acceleration was observed upon reconditioning after 9 days' cold stress when the hallmark of PCD - DNA laddering - was clearly observed. Further evidence of nuclear DNA cleavage was confirmed by the in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Chromatin condensation and nucleus distortion were observed by nuclear staining of DPI. Ethylene burst was observed upon reconditioning after 9 days of consecutive cold stress. CONCLUSION The features of PCD process induced by reconditioning after cold stress in cucumber fruit may be mainly attributed to ethylene burst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Merino I, Contreras A, Jing ZP, Gallardo F, Cánovas FM, Gómez L. Plantation forestry under global warming: hybrid poplars with improved thermotolerance provide new insights on the in vivo function of small heat shock protein chaperones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:978-91. [PMID: 24306533 PMCID: PMC3912120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate-driven heat stress is a key factor affecting forest plantation yields. While its effects are expected to worsen during this century, breeding more tolerant genotypes has proven elusive. We report here a substantial and durable increase in the thermotolerance of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula×Populus alba) through overexpression of a major small heat shock protein (sHSP) with convenient features. Experimental evidence was obtained linking protective effects in the transgenic events with the unique chaperone activity of sHSPs. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between phenotype strength and heterologous sHSP accumulation. The remarkable baseline levels of transgene product (up to 1.8% of total leaf protein) have not been reported in analogous studies with herbaceous species. As judged by protein analyses, such an accumulation is not matched either by endogenous sHSPs in both heat-stressed poplar plants and field-grown adult trees. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction analyses supported these observations and allowed us to identify the poplar members most responsive to heat stress. Interestingly, sHSP overaccumulation was not associated with pleiotropic effects that might decrease yields. The poplar lines developed here also outperformed controls under in vitro and ex vitro culture conditions (callus biomass, shoot production, and ex vitro survival), even in the absence of thermal stress. These results reinforce the feasibility of improving valuable genotypes for plantation forestry, a field where in vitro recalcitrance, long breeding cycles, and other practical factors constrain conventional genetic approaches. They also provide new insights into the biological functions of the least understood family of heat shock protein chaperones.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hu D, Ma G, Wang Q, Yao J, Wang Y, Pritchard HW, Wang X. Spatial and temporal nature of reactive oxygen species production and programmed cell death in elm (Ulmus pumila L.) seeds during controlled deterioration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:2045-59. [PMID: 22582978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed deterioration is poorly understood and remains an active area for research. Seeds of elm (Ulmus pumila L.) were aged at 37 °C above water [controlled deterioration treatment (CDT)] for various lengths of time to assess programmed cell death (PCD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) product in embryonic tissues during a 5 d period. The hallmarks of PCD were identified in the elm seeds during CDT including TUNEL experiments, DNA laddering, cytochrome c (cyt c) leakage and enzymatic activities. These analyses indicated that PCD occurred systematically and progressively in deteriorated elm seeds. Cyt c release and increase in caspase-3-like/DEVDase activity occurred during CDT, which could be suppressed by ascorbic acid (AsA) and caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, respectively. In situ localization of ROS production indicated that the distinct spatial-temporal signature of ROS during CDT coincided with the changes in PCD hallmark features. Multiple antioxidant elements were activated during the first few days of CDT, but were subsequently depleted as PCD progressed. Taken together, our findings identify PCD as a key mechanism that occurs asymmetrically during elm seeds CDT and suggest an important role for PCD in seeds deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rai V, Dey N. Identification of programmed cell death related genes in bamboo. Gene 2012; 497:243-8. [PMID: 22326529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The event of bamboo flowering and subsequent death of bamboo cells, a rare phenomenon is an interesting model to study gene expression/function in the context of the programmed cell death (PCD) in plant. To identify genes involved in autolytic cell death in bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea/Bambusa bambos Voss), a suppressive subtractive cDNA hybridization (SSH) was performed between cDNA isolated from control (healthy), as driver and test internodal tissue (45days after setting of seeds), as tester. In-silico data revealed that 82% of total ESTs (231) were non-significant (unidentified proteins) while remaining ESTs were classified as protein with known/predicted function/s. Among these, net distribution and differential expression patterns of 11 important B. arundinacea PCD specific ESTs were studied using RNA slot-blot, qRT-PCR and semi-quantitative RT. In-situ localization of mRNA-transcripts for selected bamboo PCD-specific ESTs namely V2Ba48 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) and V2Ba19 (Glycogen phosphorylase) were detected using digoxigenin-labeled corresponding anti-sense RNA probes employing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Differential expression-kinetics of the aforementioned genes were confirmed during the progress of PCD after setting of seeds. Global appearance of V2Ba48, V2Ba19, V2Ba95 (Ubiquitin thioesterase) and V2Ba89 (Nebulin isoform 2) genes were identified in monocot (Oryza sativa) and dicots (Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum). This is the first report on systematic analysis of genes involved in death of bamboo cells that may provide critical information regarding key metabolic/regulatory genes involved in plant PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mittler R, Finka A, Goloubinoff P. How do plants feel the heat? Trends Biochem Sci 2012; 37:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
23
|
Li Z, Palmer WM, Martin AP, Wang R, Rainsford F, Jin Y, Patrick JW, Yang Y, Ruan YL. High invertase activity in tomato reproductive organs correlates with enhanced sucrose import into, and heat tolerance of, young fruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1155-66. [PMID: 22105847 PMCID: PMC3276082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress can cause severe crop yield losses by impairing reproductive development. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined patterns of carbon allocation and activities of sucrose cleavage enzymes in heat-tolerant (HT) and -sensitive (HS) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines subjected to normal (control) and heat stress temperatures. At the control temperature of 25/20 °C (day/night) the HT line exhibited higher cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity in flowers and young fruits and partitioned more sucrose to fruits but less to vegetative tissues as compared to the HS line, independent of leaf photosynthetic capacity. Upon 2-, 4-, or 24-h exposure to day or night temperatures of 5 °C or more above 25/20 °C, cell wall (CWIN) and vacuolar invertases (VIN), but not sucrose synthase (SuSy), activities in young fruit of the HT line were significantly higher than those of the HS line. The HT line had a higher level of transcript of a CWIN gene, Lin7, in 5-day fruit than the HS line under control and heat stress temperatures. Interestingly, heat induced transcription of an invertase inhibitor gene, INVINH1, but reduced its protein abundance. Transcript levels of LePLDa1, encoding phospholipase D, which degrades cell membranes, was less in the HT line than in the HS line after exposure to heat stress. The data indicate that high invertase activity of, and increased sucrose import into, young tomato fruit could contribute to their heat tolerance through increasing sink strength and sugar signalling activities, possibly regulating a programmed cell death pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimiao Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - William M. Palmer
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Antony P. Martin
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Frederick Rainsford
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ye Jin
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - John W. Patrick
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yuejian Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ruan YL, Jin Y, Yang YJ, Li GJ, Boyer JS. Sugar input, metabolism, and signaling mediated by invertase: roles in development, yield potential, and response to drought and heat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:942-55. [PMID: 20729475 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Invertase (INV) hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, thereby playing key roles in primary metabolism and plant development. Based on their pH optima and sub-cellular locations, INVs are categorized into cell wall, cytoplasmic, and vacuolar subgroups, abbreviated as CWIN, CIN, and VIN, respectively. The broad importance and implications of INVs in plant development and crop productivity have attracted enormous interest to examine INV function and regulation from multiple perspectives. Here, we review some exciting advances in this area over the last two decades, focusing on (1) new or emerging roles of INV in plant development and regulation at the post-translational level through interaction with inhibitors, (2) cross-talk between INV-mediated sugar signaling and hormonal control of development, and (3) sugar- and INV-mediated responses to drought and heat stresses and their impact on seed and fruit set. Finally, we discuss major questions arising from this new progress and outline future directions for unraveling mechanisms underlying INV-mediated plant development and their potential applications in plant biotechnology and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|