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Lestari B, Fukushima T, Utomo RY, Wahyuningsih MSH. Apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in placenta physiology and pathology. Placenta 2024; 151:37-47. [PMID: 38703713 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are pivotal regulators of apoptosis, the tightly controlled cell death process crucial for eliminating excessive or unnecessary cells during development, including placental development. Collecting research has unveiled the multifaceted roles of caspases in the placenta, extending beyond apoptosis. Apart from their involvement in placental tissue remodeling via apoptosis, caspases actively participate in essential regulatory processes, such as trophoblast fusion and differentiation, significantly influencing placental growth and functionality. In addition, growing evidence indicates an elevation in caspase activity under pathological conditions like pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), leading to excessive cell death as well as inflammation. Drawing from advancements in caspase research and placental development under both normal and abnormal conditions, we examine the significance of caspases in both cell death (apoptosis) and non-cell death-related processes within the placenta. We also discuss potential therapeutics targeting caspase-related pathways for placenta disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni Lestari
- Department Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih
- Department Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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2
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Huang K, Fu W, Wang A, Du G, Tang H, Yin L, Yin Z, Gao W. MSRB2 Ameliorates H 2O 2-induced Chondrocyte Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis. Immunol Invest 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38638027 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2343898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis are critical factors contributing to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 (MSRB2) is a mitochondrial protein that protects cells from oxidative stress and is involved in apoptosis. This study aimed to investigated the expression of MSRB2 in articular cartilage tissues and elucidated its effect on H2O2-stimulated chondrocytes. METHODS Human chondrocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12. MSRB2 overexpression in chondrocytes was achieved by transfecting with an MSRB2 overexpression plasmid. Western blot, quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL assay were employed in this study. RESULTS MSRB2 expression was found to be reduced in OA patients. Furthermore, overexpression of MSRB2 in H2O2-induced chondrocytes mitigated apoptosis and enhanced cell viability. Elevated MSRB2 expression diminished chondrocyte ROS contents, decreased cytochrome C (Cyc) in the cytoplasm, and regulated mitochondrial membrane potential to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, knockdown of charged multivesicular body protein 5 (CHMP5) led to a decreased inMSRB2 expression in chondrocytes. Additionally, protein levels of CHMP5 and MSRB2 were reduced in H2O2-stimulated chondrocytes, and silencing CHMP5 reduced MSRB2 expression. Knockdown of CHMP5 increased cleaved caspase-3 expression in H2O2-induced chondrocytes and elevated TUNEL-positive chondrocytes. CONCLUSION MSRB2 decreased in OA, and overexpression of MSRB2 alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis of chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenhan Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anquan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gongwen Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sharma P, Ma JX, Karamichos D. Effects of hypoxia in the diabetic corneal stroma microenvironment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109790. [PMID: 38224848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Corneal dysfunctions associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), termed diabetic keratopathy (DK), can cause impaired vision and/or blindness. Hypoxia affects both Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) surprisingly, the role of hypoxia in DK is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hypoxia in vitro on primary human corneal stromal cells derived from Healthy (HCFs), and diabetic (T1DMs and T2DMs) subjects, by exposing them to normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (2% O2) conditions through 2D and 3D in vitro models. Our data revealed that hypoxia affected T2DMs by slowing their wound healing capacity, leading to significant alterations in oxidative stress-related markers, mitochondrial health, cellular homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum health (ER) along with fibrotic development. In T1DMs, hypoxia significantly modulated markers related to membrane permeabilization, oxidative stress via apoptotic marker (BAX), and protein degradation. Hypoxic environment induced oxidative stress (NOQ1 mediated reduction of superoxide in T1DMs and Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress in T2DMs), modulation in mitochondrial health (Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and dysregulation of cellular homeostasis (HSP90) in both T1DMs and T2DMs. This data underscores the significant impact of hypoxia on the diabetic cornea. Further studies are warranted to delineate the complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Sharma
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Han M, Zhu C, Tang S, Liang J, Li D, Guo Y, Zuraini Z, Si Q, Jiang Q. The effects of a polystyrene nanoplastic on the immune response and gut microbiota of Eriocheir sinensis and its post-recovery state. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 262:106644. [PMID: 37549485 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there is increasing concern about the toxicity of nanoplastics, the effects of nanoplastic exposure and subsequent recovery on immune responses, as well as antioxidant responses and gut microbiota, in crustaceans are rarely reported. In this study, the nonspecific immunity and antioxidant defense of Eriocheir sinensis were evaluated after acute exposure to various concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L) of 75-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) for 48 h, as well as after 7 days of recovery from the nanoplastic environment. The results showed that, after 48 h of exposure, nanoplastics were observed in the gills, hepatopancreas and gut. However, no nanoplastics were found in the gut after 7 days of recovery. Under nanoplastic-induced stress, Hc, Relish, proPO, and LITAF mRNA levels increased in the gills and hepatopancreas for 48 h. Expression of the myd88, Hc, Relish and proPO genes decreased in the gills during the 7-day recovery period. Exposure to nanoplastics for 48 h and recovery for 7 days significantly decreased the activities of lysozyme (LZM) alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (POD) and, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of pathogens exposed to 10 mg/L nanoplastics for 48 h increased at the species level, and these pathogens decreased significantly in the 7-day recovery period. These results suggested that exposure to nanoplastics for 48 h affected the activities of immune system enzymes and expression of immune-related genes in Eriocheir sinensis and altered the diversity and composition of their gut microbiota. E. sinensis could not recover from damage to the hepatopancreas within a 7-day recovery period. The results of this study provided insight into the effects of nanoplastics on crustaceans and it filled a gap in research on crustacean recovery after exposure to nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- Biology Program, Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Shengkai Tang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Ji Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daming Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - YanXia Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zakaria Zuraini
- Biology Program, Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Qin Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China.
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Chalertpet K, Sangkheereeput T, Somjit P, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37264344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. METHODS The half-maximal inhibition (IC50) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. RESULTS The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. CONCLUSIONS This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawitch Sangkheereeput
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prakaithip Somjit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Wu Y, Duan Z, Qu L, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Fan D. Gastroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rh4 against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37184519 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh4, a bioactive component extracted from Panax ginseng, exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, antitumor and immunity enhancement. However, the gastroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rh4 remains unknown. The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect and potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rh4 in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Ginsenoside Rh4 (15, 30, and 60 mg kg-1) and omeprazole (30 mg kg-1) were administered orally for 7 days. The results showed that pretreatment with ginsenoside Rh4 reduced the gastric injury area and percentage of mucosal lesions in gastric tissue. Besides, treatment with ginsenoside Rh4 increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, reduced the content of malonaldehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), mediated the prostaglandin E-2-cyclooxygenase-2 (PGE2-Cox-2) pathway, and mitigated inflammation and oxidative stress via blockade of proinflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor κB (MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rh4 significantly enhanced the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), decreased the protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas), and inhibited the number of apoptotic cells in gastric tissues. The present work demonstrated that ginsenoside Rh4 exerted a considerable gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Bitzer S, Harati MD, Kasmi KCE, Schloesser D, Sauer J, Olbrich H, Schuler M, Gantner F, Heilker R. Application of human iPSC-derived macrophages in a miniaturized high-content-imaging-based efferocytosis assay. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023:S2472-5552(23)00030-8. [PMID: 37072070 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their key regulatory functions in health and disease. Overcoming the limited availability and donor variability of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (IDMs) could provide a promising tool for both disease modeling and drug discovery. To access large numbers of model cells for medium- to high-throughput application purposes, an upscaled protocol was established for differentiation of iPSCs into progenitor cells and subsequent maturation into functional macrophages. These IDM cells resembled MDMs both with respect to surface marker expression and phago- as well as efferocytotic function. A statistically robust high-content-imaging assay was developed to quantify the efferocytosis rate of IDMs and MDMs allowing for measurements both in the 384- and 1536-well microplate format. Validating the applicability of the assay, inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) were shown to modulate efferocytosis in IDMs and MDMs with comparable pharmacology. The miniaturized cellular assay with the upscaled provision of macrophages opens new routes to pharmaceutical drug discovery in the context of efferocytosis-modulating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bitzer
- Departments of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Mozhgan Dehghan Harati
- Departments of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Daniela Schloesser
- Departments of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Sauer
- Departments of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heiko Olbrich
- Departments of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Schuler
- Departments of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Departments of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Lim HJ, Byun EH. Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Activity of Gryllus bimaculatus Water Extract on Non-Small Cancer Lung Cell via Apoptosis. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:453-458. [PMID: 35047442 PMCID: PMC8747957 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gryllus bimaculatus, traditionally used in oriental medicine, demonstrates functional and pharmacological potential through demonstrating immunomodulatory, hepato-protective properties, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the effect of G. bimaculatus on cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. This is the first study to examine the anti-cancer effects of G. bimaculatus extracts on non-small cell lung cancer. Frozen G. bimaculatus was obtained, homogenized, and dissolved in distilled water. Using a freeze dryer, samples were concentrated until almost all the water was removed, and extracts were diluted in solutions of phosphate buffered saline. Anti-cancer effects of extracts on human non-small cancer lung cells were estimated based on cell cytotoxicity, western blot, and flow cytometry, using lipopolysaccharides as a positive control. H460 and A549 human non-small cell cancer lung cells were treated with G. bimaculatus water extracts of various concentrations, with lipopolysaccharide used as a pos-itive control. The results showed that treatment with the extract for 24 or 48 h inhibited H460 proliferation, demonstrated by reduced cell numbers with morphological changes. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the extracts induced cell death on H460. However, extracts did not show cytotoxic effects on A549 cells. In conclusion, the extract induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells, possibly via caspase, Bcl-2 family signaling pathways. Therefore, G. bimaculatus water extracts are safe and efficient natural materials that may have great potential in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, de Almeida AB, Chavez MB, Salmon CR, Mofatto LS, Camara-Souza MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Novaes PD, Santos ECA, Kantovitz KR, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Orthodontic tooth movement alters cementocyte ultrastructure and cellular cementum proteome signature. Bone 2021; 153:116139. [PMID: 34364013 PMCID: PMC8478897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cementum is a mineralized tissue that covers tooth roots and functions in the periodontal attachment complex. Cementocytes, resident cells of cellular cementum, share many characteristics with osteocytes, are mechanoresponsive cells that direct bone remodeling based on changes in loading. We hypothesized that cementocytes play a key role during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To test this hypothesis, we used 8-week-old male Wistar rats in a model of OTM for 2, 7, or 14 days (0.5 N), whereas unloaded contralateral teeth served as controls. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography, histology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining for odontoclasts/osteoclasts, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, laser capture microdissection was used to collect cellular cementum, and extracted proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The OTM model successfully moved first molars mesially more than 250 μm by 14 days introducing apoptosis in a small number of cementocytes and areas of root resorption on mesial and distal aspects. Cementocytes showed increased nuclear size and proportion of euchromatin suggesting cellular activity. Proteomic analysis identified 168 proteins in cellular cementum with 21 proteins found only in OTM sites and 54 proteins only present in control samples. OTM-down-regulated several extracellular matrix proteins, including decorin, biglycan, asporin, and periostin, localized to cementum and PDL by immunostaining. Furthermore, type IV collagen (COL14A1) was the protein most down-regulated (-45-fold) by OTM and immunolocalized to cells at the cementum-dentin junction. Eleven keratins were significantly increased by OTM, and a pan-keratin antibody indicated keratin localization primarily in epithelial remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. These experiments provide new insights into biological responses of cementocytes and cellular cementum to OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda B de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, N. Sra. do Patrocínio University Center, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Camara-Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Duarte Novaes
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C A Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Weigel T, Schmitz T, Hansmann J, Mustafa K. Surface activation with oxygen plasma promotes osteogenesis with enhanced extracellular matrix formation in three-dimensional microporous scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1560-1574. [PMID: 33675166 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various types of synthetic polyesters have been developed as biomaterials for tissue engineering. These materials commonly possess biodegradability, biocompatibility, and formability, which are preferable properties for bone regeneration. The major challenge of using synthetic polyesters is the result of low cell affinity due to their hydrophobic nature, which hinders efficient cell seeding and active cell dynamics. To improve wettability, plasma treatment is widely used in industry. Here, we performed surface activation with oxygen plasma to hydrophobic copolymers, poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate), which were shaped in 2D films and 3D microporous scaffolds, and then we evaluated the resulting surface properties and the cellular responses of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSC) to the material. Using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we demonstrated that short-term plasma treatment increased nanotopographical surface roughness and wettability with minimal change in surface chemistry. On treated surfaces, initial cell adhesion and elongation were significantly promoted, and seeding efficiency was improved. In an osteoinductive environment, rBMSC on plasma-treated scaffolds exhibited accelerated osteogenic differentiation with osteogenic markers including RUNX2, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin upregulated, and a greater amount of collagen matrix and mineral deposition were found. This study shows the utility of plasma surface activation for polymeric scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohammed A Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tobias Weigel
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitz
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering, University for Applied Sciences Würzburg/Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Zhang Y, de Graaf NPJ, Roffel S, Spiekstra SW, Rustemeyer T, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ, Bontkes H, Deng D, Gibbs S. Patch test-relevant concentrations of metal salts cause localized cytotoxicity, including apoptosis, in skin ex vivo. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:531-542. [PMID: 34268774 PMCID: PMC9291529 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Metal alloys containing contact sensitizers (nickel, palladium, titanium) are extensively used in medical devices, in particular dentistry and orthopaedic surgery. The skin patch test is used to test for metal allergy. Objective To determine whether metal salts, when applied to freshly excised skin at patch test–relevant concentrations and using a method which mimics skin patch testing, cause in changes in the epidermis and dermis. Methods Tissue histology, apoptosis, metabolic activity, and inflammatory cytokine release were determined for two nickel salts, two palladium salts, and four titanium salts. Results Patch test–relevant concentrations of all metal salts caused localized cytotoxicity. This was observed as epidermis separation at the basement membrane zone, formation of vacuoles, apoptotic nuclei, decreased metabolic activity, and (pro)inflammatory cytokine release. Nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate, nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate, titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide, and calcium titanate were highly cytotoxic. Palladium(II) chloride, sodium tetrachloropalladate(II), titanium(IV) isopropoxide, and titanium(IV) dioxide showed mild cytotoxicity. Conclusion The patch test in itself may be damaging to the skin of the patient being tested. These results need further verification with biopsies obtained during clinical patch testing. The future challenge is to remain above the elicitation threshold at noncytotoxic metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P J de Graaf
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Roffel
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Bontkes
- Unit Medical Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Pisko J, Špirková A, Čikoš Š, Olexiková L, Kovaříková V, Šefčíková Z, Fabian D. Apoptotic cells in mouse blastocysts are eliminated by neighbouring blastomeres. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9228. [PMID: 33927296 PMCID: PMC8085119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs commonly during the development of the preimplantation embryo. The present work examines the ability of apoptotic embryonic cells to express a signal promoting their phagocytosis, and quantifies the ability of neighbouring, normal embryonic cells to perform that task. Microscopic analysis of mouse blastocysts revealed phosphatidylserine externalization to be 10 times less common than incidence of apoptotic cells (as detected by TUNEL). In spite of the low frequency of phosphatidylserine-flipping (in inner cell mass, no annexin V staining was recorded), fluorescence staining of the plasma membrane showed more than 20% of apoptotic cells to have been engulfed by neighbouring blastomeres. The mean frequency of apoptotic cells escaping phagocytosis by their extrusion into blastocyst cavities did not exceed 10%. Immunochemically visualised RAC1 (an enzyme important in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement) was seen in phagosome-like structures containing a nucleus with a condensed morphology. Gene transcript analysis showed that the embryonic cells expressed 12 receptors likely involved in phagocytic process (Scarf1, Msr1, Cd36, Itgav, Itgb3, Cd14, Scarb1, Cd44, Stab1, Adgrb1, Cd300lf, Cd93). In conclusion, embryonic cells possess all the necessary mechanisms for recognising, engulfing and digesting apoptotic cells, ensuring the clearance of most dying blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Pisko
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Špirková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Čikoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41, Lužianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Kovaříková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Šefčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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13
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Abdellatif AM. Structure of the Eurasian moorhen spleen: A comprehensive study using gross anatomy, light, and transmission electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1696-1709. [PMID: 33576559 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ with major roles in the removal of blood-borne antigens. The Eurasian moorhen is a wild aquatic bird that revealed the adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. Information regarding the structural features of moorhen's spleen is lacking. The present study aimed to describe the composition of moorhen's spleen using anatomical dissection, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The spleen appeared as a brownish red sickle-shaped organ close to the proventriculus and gizzard. The splenic capsule was very thin, and the trabeculae were poorly developed. The white pulp formed of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicles, and periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath. The red pulp composed of sinusoids and cords and contained various types of blood cells. Blood vessels were observed within the splenic capsule and inside the parenchyma. Notably, penicillar capillaries (PCs) appeared branched and surrounded by well-developed ellipsoids. Direct connections were observed between PCs and splenic sinusoids suggesting a closed type of circulation. Ultrastructurally, intercellular spaces and vascular channels were evident in the wall of PCs. Ellipsoid-associated cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were observed within splenic ellipsoids. Ellipsoids were thus suggested as a crucial component of moorhen's spleen. Numerous MafB-immunoreactive (IR) macrophages were seen within the red pulp. Splenic cords contained the highest number of PHH3-IR cells, while CCASP3-IR cells were exclusive to follicles of the white pulp. In conclusion, the structure of moorhen's spleen revealed species-specific features. The findings of the present study could help to improve the immunity of domestic birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdellatif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Quaglino D. Apoptosis in the Extraosseous Calcification Process. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010131. [PMID: 33445441 PMCID: PMC7827519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous calcification is a pathologic mineralization process occurring in soft connective tissues (e.g., skin, vessels, tendons, and cartilage). It can take place on a genetic basis or as a consequence of acquired chronic diseases. In this last case, the etiology is multifactorial, including both extra- and intracellular mechanisms, such as the formation of membrane vesicles (e.g., matrix vesicles and apoptotic bodies), mitochondrial alterations, and oxidative stress. This review is an overview of extraosseous calcification mechanisms focusing on the relationships between apoptosis and mineralization in cartilage and vascular tissues, as these are the two tissues mostly affected by a number of age-related diseases having a progressively increased impact in Western Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnologies (CIB), Italy
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15
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Durrani K, El Din SMA, Sun Y, Rule AM, Bressler J. Ethyl maltol enhances copper mediated cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115354. [PMID: 33271249 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl maltol (EM) is a flavoring agent commonly used in foods that falls under the generally recognized as safe category. It is added to many commercial e-cigarette vaping fluids and has been detected in the aerosols. Considering that EM facilitates heavy metal transport across plasma membranes, and that heavy metals have been detected in aerosols generated from e-cigarettes, this study examines whether EM enhances heavy metal mediated toxicity. A decrease in viability was observed in the Calu-6 and A549 lung epithelial cell lines co-exposed to EM and copper (Cu) but no decrease was observed after co-exposure to EM with iron (Fe). Interestingly, co-exposure to EM and Fe decreased viability of the HEK293 and IMR-90 fibroblast cell lines but co-exposure to EM and Cu did not. Increases in the apoptotic markers Annexin V staining and fragmented nuclei were observed in Calu-6 cells co-exposed to EM and Cu. Co-exposure to EM and Cu in Calu-6 cells resulted in DNA damage as indicated by activation of ATM and expression of γH2A.x foci. Finally, co-exposure to EM and Cu caused oxidative stress as indicated by increases in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of ferritin light chain mRNA and hemeoxygenase-1 mRNA and protein. These data show that co-exposure to EM and Cu, at concentrations that are not toxic for either chemical individually, induce apoptosis and evoke oxidative stress and DNA damage in lung epithelial cells. We suggest that there is a greater risk of lung damage in users of c-cigarette who vape with vaping fluid containing EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Durrani
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA; Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Sarah-Marie Alam El Din
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA; Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA; Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Ana M Rule
- Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Joseph Bressler
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA; Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
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16
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BCL-2 Proteins in Pathogenesis and Therapy of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040938. [PMID: 32290241 PMCID: PMC7226356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to inhibit mitochondrial apoptosis is a hallmark of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL). Activation of mitochondrial apoptosis is tightly controlled by members of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins via protein-protein interactions. Altering the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins leads to apoptosis evasion and extended survival of malignant cells. The pro-survival BCL-2 proteins: B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2/BCL2), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1/MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL/BCL2L1) are frequently (over)expressed in B-NHL, which plays a crucial role in lymphoma pathogenesis, disease progression, and drug resistance. The efforts to develop inhibitors of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins have been underway for several decades and molecules targeting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins are in various stages of clinical testing. Venetoclax is a highly specific BCL-2 inhibitor, which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is in advanced clinical testing in other types of B-NHL. In this review, we summarize the biology of BCL-2 proteins and the mechanisms of how these proteins are deregulated in distinct B-NHL subtypes. We describe the mechanism of action of BH3-mimetics and the status of their clinical development in B-NHL. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms of sensitivity/resistance to venetoclax.
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17
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Mousa AA, El-Gansh HAI, Eldaim MAA, Mohamed MAEG, Morsi AH, El Sabagh HS. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via modulation of cellular antioxidant, apoptotic and inflammatory markers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32488-32504. [PMID: 31617137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative and protective potentials of Moringea oleifera leaves ethanolic extract (MOLE) against thioacetamide (TAA) toxicity. A total of 58 male albino rats were randomly assigned into six experimental groups. G1, rats received distilled water. G2, rats were injected with a single dose of TAA (200 mg/kg BW) i.p. G3, rats were given MOLE (300 mg/kg BW) orally for 26 days. G4, rats were injected TAA as in G2 and treated with MOLE as G3. G5, rats were kept for 26 days without treatment then on day 27 injected with TAA as in G2. G6, rats were given MOLE for 26 days then on day 27 injected with TAA. Phytochemical analysis of MOLE indicated the presence of kaempferol, kaempferol malonylglucoside, kaempferol hexoside, kaempferol -3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-acetyl-glucoside, cyanidin -3-O-hexoside, ellagic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and apigenin glucoside. Intoxication of rats with TAA significantly elevated activities of serum AST, ALT, and ALP; concentrations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hepatic tissue protein expression of caspase 3 and COX2 with alteration of the histological structures of hepatic tissues, while it decreased serum levels of total protein, albumin, and hepatic tissue contents of reduced glutathione. Also, TAA intoxication resulted in 62.5% mortality in rats of G5. Treatment of TAA intoxicated rats (G4) with MOLE ameliorated the toxic effects of TAA on hepatic tissue structure and function. It decreased serum activities of AST, ALT, and ALP; enhanced hepatic GSH concentration; reduced pathological alterations and lipid peroxidation; and downregulated caspase 3 and COX2 proteins expression in hepatic tissue. In addition, MOLE protected rats of G6 from TAA-induced hepatic tissues injury and dysfunction, and increased survival rate of rats. In conclusion, MOLE had both ameliorating and protecting potentials against TAA-induced rats liver damage through regulation of antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and inflammatory biomarkers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Hala Ali Ibrahim El-Gansh
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | | | - Azza Hassan Morsi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saad El Sabagh
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
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18
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Liu Z, Yu P, Cai M, Wu D, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhao Y. Effects of microplastics on the innate immunity and intestinal microflora of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:836-846. [PMID: 31247433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastic exposure on the non-specific immune responses and intestinal microflora remain unclear. In this study, juveniles of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different concentrations of microplastics (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4, and 40 mg/L) for 7, 14, and 21 days to explore their effects. Under microplastic-induced stress, the contents or activities of most immune-related factors [haemocyanin (Hc), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), and acid phosphatase (ACP)] decreased after an initial increase in the low-dose or short exposure times in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas. The trends in Hc and LSZ gene expression were consistent with the corresponding changes in enzyme activities. Moreover, the haemocyte expression of caspase and MyD88 in the groups with microplastic-induced stress was higher than that in the control group, whereas the expression levels in the hepatopancreas were first increased and then decreased. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased following exposure to 40 mg/L microplastics, whereas that of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria increased. These results indicate that microplastics affect immune enzyme activity and immune-related gene expression and change the diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Minghai Chen
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Center of Biomedicine Development, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Laboratory of Crustacean Development Biology and Macrobenthic Ecology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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19
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Blaess M, Deigner HP. Derailed Ceramide Metabolism in Atopic Dermatitis (AD): A Causal Starting Point for a Personalized (Basic) Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3967. [PMID: 31443157 PMCID: PMC6720956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Active rebuilding, stabilizing, and maintaining the lipid barrier of the skin is an encouraging disease management and care concept for dry skin, atopic dermatitis (eczema, neurodermatitis), and psoriasis. For decades, corticosteroids have been the mainstay of topical therapy for atopic dermatitis; however, innovations within the scope of basic therapy are rare. In (extremely) dry, irritated, or inflammatory skin, as well as in lesions, an altered (sphingo)lipid profile is present. Recovery of a balanced (sphingo)lipid profile is a promising target for topical and personalized treatment and prophylaxis. New approaches for adults and small children are still lacking. With an ingenious combination of commonly used active ingredients, it is possible to restore and reinforce the dermal lipid barrier and maintain refractivity. Lysosomes and ceramide de novo synthesis play a key role in attenuation of the dermal lipid barrier. Linoleic acid in combination with amitriptyline in topical medication offers the possibility to relieve patients affected by dry and itchy skin, mild to moderate atopic dermatitis lesions, and eczemas without the commonly occurring serious adverse effects of topical corticosteroids or systemic antibody administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI Leipzig, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Fleming EH, Roberts NJ. The role of cell surface expression of influenza virus neuraminidase in induction of human lymphocyte apoptosis. Virology 2019; 534:80-86. [PMID: 31220651 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunopathological mechanisms as well as the role played by influenza A virus infection of human leukocytes and induction of apoptosis have not been fully elucidated. We confirm here that the percentage of cells that are infected is less than the percent of apoptotic cells. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages and depletion of cells expressing influenza neuraminidase from the cultures after exposure to virus decreased lymphocyte apoptosis. Treatment of virus-exposed leukocyte cultures with anti-neuraminidase antibodies but not with anti-hemagglutinin antibodies, reduced lymphocyte production of active caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis. Different strains of virus induced different levels of apoptosis. Variations in induction of apoptosis correlated with production and expression of viral neuraminidase by infected leukocytes. The data suggest that cell surface expression of neuraminidase plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes. The benefit, or cost, to the host of lymphocyte apoptosis warrants continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Elisa H Fleming
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Norbert J Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Song HY, Kim HM, Mushtaq S, Kim WS, Kim YJ, Lim ST, Byun EB. Gamma-Irradiated Chrysin Improves Anticancer Activity in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells Through Mitochondria-Related Pathway. J Med Food 2019; 22:713-721. [PMID: 31158040 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation technology can improve the biological activities of natural molecules through a structural modification. This study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the anticancer effects of chrysin upon exposure to gamma irradiation. Gamma irradiation induces the production of new radiolytic peaks simultaneously with the decrease of the chrysin peak, which increases the cytotoxicity in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. An isolated chrysin derivative (CM1) exhibited a stronger apoptotic effect in HT-29 cells than intact chrysin. The apoptotic characteristics induced by CM1 in HT-29 cells was mediated through the intrinsic signaling pathway, including the excessive production of included reactive oxygen species, the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, regulation of the B cell lymphoma-2 family, activation of caspase-9, 3, and cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. Our findings suggest that CM1 can be a potential anticancer candidate for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Song
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,2 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sajid Mushtaq
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea.,4 Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Seung-Taik Lim
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
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Jo ER, Youn CK, Jun Y, Cho SI. The protective role of ferulic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 120:30-35. [PMID: 30753979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, it can cause irreversible hearing loss. Ototoxicity leads to dose reduction during the cisplatin chemotherapy and results in inadequate treatment of malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ferulic acid on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. METHODS House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were exposed to 30 μM of cisplatin for 24 h with or without pretreatment with ferulic acid. Cell viability was determined using the WST assay. Apoptotic cells were identified using TUNEL assay. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the change in expression of cleaved caspase, cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and catalase. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR analyses were performed to examine the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes including glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2), catalase, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Phalloidin staining of the organ of Corti was performed to determine hair cell survival or degeneration. RESULTS Pretreatment with ferulic acid before cisplatin exposure significantly increased cell viability, levels of antioxidant enzymes, and hair cell survival. In addition, pretreatment with ferulic acid significantly reduced apoptotic cells, levels of cleaved caspase, levels of cleaved PARP, and intracellular ROS production. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ferulic acid inhibited cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by preventing ROS formation and inducing the production of endogenous antioxidants and indicated that ferulic acid might be used as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Ri Jo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Cha Kyung Youn
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yonghyun Jun
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung Il Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea.
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The Density of Cell Nuclei at the Materno-Fetal Exchange Barrier is Sexually Dimorphic in Normal Placentas, but not in IUGR. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2359. [PMID: 30787322 PMCID: PMC6382753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental sexual dimorphism is of special interest in prenatal programming. Various postnatal diseases with gender dependent incidence, especially neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, have prenatal risk factors established. However, the functional relevance of placental microarchitecture in prenatal programming is poorly investigated, mainly due to a lack of statistically efficient methods. We hypothesized that the recently established 3D microscopic analysis of villous trees would be able to identify microscopic structural correlates of human placental sexual dimorphism. We analyzed the density of cell nuclei of villous trophoblast, i.e. the materno-fetal exchange barrier, in placentas from term pregnancies. The cell nuclei were grouped into proliferative and non-proliferative nuclei by detection of a proliferation marker (PCNA). Normal female placentas showed a higher density of non-proliferating nuclei (PCNA-negative) in villous trophoblast than normal male placentas. The density of PCNA-negative cell nuclei was higher in placentas of pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) than in control placentas. The data of the present study shows that the density of non-proliferative cell nuclei in the syncytial layer of villous trophoblast is influenced by fetal sex and by IUGR, while proliferation remains unchanged. A novel concept of post-fusion regulation of syncytial structure and function is proposed.
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Velásquez A, Mellisho E, Castro FO, Rodríguez-Álvarez L. Effect of BMP15 and/or AMH during in vitro maturation of oocytes from involuntarily culled dairy cows. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:209-223. [PMID: 30548943 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The high metabolic activity to which the dairy cattle are exposed to maintain milk production altered steroid metabolism that affects reproductive physiology and reduce oocyte competence. Our aims were (a) to characterize the competence of immature oocytes collected from dairy cattle based on the expression of genes in cumulus cells (CCs) and (b) to improve oocyte competence to support preimplantation embryo development by the supplementation of maturation medium with bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and/or anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). Oocyte donors were identified at the moment of ovary collection and grouped by involuntarily culled dairy cows (Holstein breed) or beef cattle. The embryo development speed to blastocyst of the cull dairy cattle versus beef cattle (control group) was lower. Besides, <10% of oocytes (with CC biopsies) derived from dairy cattle were able to develop to the blastocyst stage. In addition, a higher level of expression and a positive correlation were observed in the expression of most of the genes evaluated (LUM, KRT18, KRT8, CLIC3, BMPR1B, and SLC38A3) in the cumulus-oocyte complexes that produced blastocysts versus those which did not develop correctly (arrested development). Further, use of BMP15 in the maturation of oocytes from dairy cattle seems to increase competence, modulating the expression of OCT4, SOX2, CDX2, GATA6, and TP1 in resulting blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Velásquez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Edwin Mellisho
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Lleretny Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Shao J, Wang C, Li L, Liang H, Dai J, Ling X, Tang H. Luteoloside Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis Involving MAPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061664. [PMID: 29874795 PMCID: PMC6032149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy with high incidence and mortality. Drugs commonly used in chemotherapy are often accompanied by strong side-effects. To find an anti-cervical cancer drug with high effects and low toxicity, luteoloside was used to treat the cervical cancer cell line Hela to investigate its effects on cell morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and related proteins. The study demonstrated that luteoloside could inhibit proliferation remarkably; promote apoptosis and cytochrome C release; decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species level; upregulate the expression of Fas, Bax, p53, phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, and cleaved PARP; downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and phospho-mTOR; activate caspase-3 and caspase-8; change the nuclear morphology, and fragmentate DNA in Hela cells. These results strongly suggest that luteoloside can significantly inhibit the proliferation and trigger apoptosis in Hela cells. In contrast, luteoloside had less proliferation inhibiting effects on the normal cell lines HUVEC12 and LO2, and minor apoptosis promoting effects on HUVEC12 cells. Furthermore, the luteoloside-induced apoptosis in Hela cells is mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and the effects of luteoloside may be regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases and mTOR signaling pathways via p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Shao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Chaoxi Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Linqiu Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Juanxiu Dai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Ling
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Blaess M, Bibak N, Claus RA, Kohl M, Bonaterra GA, Kinscherf R, Laufer S, Deigner HP. NB 06: From a simple lysosomotropic aSMase inhibitor to tools for elucidating the role of lysosomes in signaling apoptosis and LPS-induced inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:73-104. [PMID: 29031494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide generation is involved in signal transduction of cellular stress response, in particular during stress-induced apoptosis in response to stimuli such as minimally modified Low-density lipoproteins, TNFalpha and exogenous C6-ceramide. In this paper we describe 48 diverse synthetic products and evaluate their lysosomotropic and acid sphingomyelinase inhibiting activities in macrophages. A stimuli-induced increase of C16-ceramide in macrophages can be almost completely suppressed by representative compound NB 06 providing an effective protection of macrophages against apoptosis. Compounds like NB 06 thus offer highly interesting fields of application besides prevention of apoptosis of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques in vessel walls. Most importantly, they can be used for blocking pH-dependent lysosomal processes and enzymes in general as well as for analyzing lysosomal dependent cellular signaling. Modulation of gene expression of several prominent inflammatory messengers IL1B, IL6, IL23A, CCL4 and CCL20 further indicate potentially beneficial effects in the field of (systemic) infections involving bacterial endotoxins like LPS or infections with influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Blaess
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nelly Bibak
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 8, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Gu YT, Chen J, Meng ZL, Ge WY, Bian YY, Cheng SW, Xing CK, Yao JL, Fu J, Peng L. Research progress on osteoarthritis treatment mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1246-1252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Toledano-Magaña Y, García-Ramos JC, Torres-Gutiérrez C, Vázquez-Gasser C, Esquivel-Sánchez JM, Flores-Alamo M, Ortiz-Frade L, Galindo-Murillo R, Nequiz M, Gudiño-Zayas M, Laclette JP, Carrero JC, Ruiz-Azuara L. Water-Soluble Ruthenium (II) Chiral Heteroleptic Complexes with Amoebicidal in Vitro and in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:899-912. [PMID: 28075589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three water-soluble Ru(II) chiral heteroleptic coordination compounds [Ru(en)(pdto)]Cl2 (1), [Ru(gly)(pdto)]Cl (2), and [Ru(acac)(pdto)]Cl (3), where pdto = 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis-(sulfanediyl-2,1-ethanediyl)]dipyridine, en = ethylendiamine, gly = glycinate, and acac = acetylacetonate, have been synthezised and fully characterized. The crystal structures of compounds 1-3 are described. The IC50 values for compounds 1-3 are within nanomolar range (14, 12, and 6 nM, respectively). The cytotoxicity for human peripheral blood lymphocytes is extremely low (>100 μM). Selectivity indexes for Ru(II) compounds are in the range 700-1300. Trophozoites exposed to Ru(II) compounds die through an apoptotic pathway triggered by ROS production. The orally administration to infected mice induces a total elimination of the parasite charge in mice faeces 1-2-fold faster than metronidazole. Besides, all compounds inhibit the trophozoite proliferation in amoebic liver abscess induced in hamster. All our results lead us to propose these compounds as promising candidates as antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C García-Ramos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Torres-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Vázquez-Gasser
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José M Esquivel-Sánchez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Frade
- Departamento de Electroquímica, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC , Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro de Escobedo, CP 76703 Querétaro México
| | - Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Skaggs Hall 201, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mario Nequiz
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Gudiño-Zayas
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Matsuzawa H, Toriya N, Nakao Y, Konno-Nagasaka M, Arakawa T, Okayama M, Mizoguchi I. Cementocyte cell death occurs in rat cellular cementum during orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:416-422. [PMID: 27905816 DOI: 10.2319/071116-541.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanism of root resorption during orthodontic treatment, we examined cementocyte cell death and root resorption in the cellular cementum on the pressure side during experimental tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using 8-week-old male Wistar rats, the right first molar was pushed mesiobuccally with a force of 40 g by a Ni-Ti alloy wire while the contralateral first molar was used as a control. Localization and number of cleaved caspase-3-positive and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) - positive cells were evaluated using dual-label immunohistochemistry with anticleaved caspase-3 and anti-ssDNA antibodies. In addition, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the cellular cementum were evaluated using TRAP histochemical staining. RESULTS Caspase-3- and ssDNA-positive cells appeared at 12 hours, but were restricted to the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) and not the cellular cementum. Cleaved caspase-3-positive cementocytes were observed in the cellular cementum adjacent to the compressed PDL on day 1. From days 2 to 4, the number of caspase-3- and ssDNA-positive cementocytes increased. TRAP-positive cells appeared on the cellular cementum at the periphery of the hyalinized tissue on day 7, and resorption progressed into the broad surface of the cementum by day 14. CONCLUSION Cementocytes adjacent to the hyalinized tissue underwent apoptotic cell death during orthodontic tooth movement, which might have been associated with subsequent root resorption.
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Abdel-Aleem GA, Khaleel EF, Mostafa DG, Elberier LK. Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against brain ischemia reperfusion injury in rats entails reduction of DJ-1 protein expression and activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3b survival pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:200-213. [PMID: 27109835 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1182190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of DJ-1/PI3K/Akt survival pathway in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced cerebral damage and to investigate if the resveratrol (RES) mediates its ischemic neuroptotection through this pathway. RES administration to Sham rats boosted glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression without affecting redox levels of DJ-1 forms or components of PI3K/Akt pathway including PTEN, p-Akt or p/p-GSK3b. However, RES pre-administration to I/R rats reduced infarction area, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Concomitantly, RES ameliorated the decreased levels of oxidized forms of DJ-1 and enhancing its reduction, increased the nuclear protein expression of Nfr-2 and led to activation of PI3K/Akt survival pathway. In conclusion, overoxidation of DJ-1 is a major factor that contributes to post-I/R cerebral damage and its reduction by RES could explain the neuroprotection offered by RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdel-Aleem
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman F Khaleel
- c Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
- d Department of Medical Physiology , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia G Mostafa
- d Department of Medical Physiology , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
- e Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Lydia K Elberier
- f Department of Histopathology , College of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Science and Technology , Khartoum , Sudan , and
- g Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Huppertz B, Kingdom JCP. Apoptosis in the Trophoblast—Role of Apoptosis in Placental Morphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:353-62. [PMID: 15350247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Villous trophoblast is the epithelial cover of the placental villous tree and comes in direct contact with maternal blood. The turnover of villous trophoblast includes proliferation and differentiation of cytotrophoblast, syncytial fusion of cytotrophoblast with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast, differentiation in the syncytiotrophoblast, and finally extrusion of apoptotic material into the maternal circulation. In recent years, it has become clear that apoptosis is a normal constituent of trophoblast turnover and the release of apoptotic material does not lead to an inflammatory response of the mother. During preeclampsia there seems to be an altered balance between proliferation and apoptosis of villous trophoblast leading to a dysregulation of the release from the syncytiotrophoblast. The normal apoptotic release may be reduced in favor of a necrotic release. Since apoptosis is still ongoing in the syncytiotrophoblast, a necrotic release of intrasyncytial and partly apoptotic material lead us to call this type of release "aponecrotic shedding." In this situation, cell-free components such as G-actin and DNA freely floating in maternal blood may trigger damage to the maternal endothelium, thereby triggering preeclampsia. This review highlights the importance of the apoptosis cascade in permitting normal physiologic turnover of villous trophoblast. It will demonstrate the participation of initial stages of this cascade within the cytotrophoblast and of the execution stages within the syncytiotrophoblast. Moreover, this review presents hypotheses of how dysregulation of the apoptosis cascade may be linked to endothelial dysfunction of the maternal vasculature in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Huppertz
- Department of Anatomy II, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany.
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Deepak V, Kasonga A, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1150-8. [PMID: 27170515 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling coupled with the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclast activity is elevated during osteoporosis and periodontitis resulting in excessive loss of trabecular and alveolar bone. Osteoclasts are formed in an inflammatory response to cytokine production receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and bacterial challenge lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol present in Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris, is a natural compound with known medicinal properties. We investigated the effects of carvacrol on osteoclast formation induced by RANKL and LPS. Carvacrol suppressed RANKL-induced formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 macrophages and human CD14(+) monocytes. Furthermore, carvacrol inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that carvacrol downregulated RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the suppression of NF-κB activation correlated with inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB (IκB) kinase (IKK) activation and attenuation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBa) degradation. Carvacrol potentiated apoptosis in mature osteoclasts by caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, carvacrol did not affect the viability of proliferating MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that carvacrol mitigates osteoclastogenesis by impairing the NF-κB pathway and induction of apoptosis in mature osteoclasts.
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Choene M, Motadi L. Validation of the antiproliferative effects of Euphorbia tirucalli extracts in breast cancer cell lines. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang H, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhao T, Kong Q, Yan M, Zhang B, Sun S, Lan HY, Li N, Li P. The decreased expression of electron transfer flavoprotein β is associated with tubular cell apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1290-8. [PMID: 27035869 PMCID: PMC4829130 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubular injury is closely correlated with the development of progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN), particularly in cases of type 2 diabetes. The apoptosis of tubular cells has been recognized as a major cause of tubular atrophy, followed by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Electron transfer flavoprotein β (ETFβ) is known as an important electron acceptor in energy metabolism, but its role in DN was not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern of ETFβ using diabetic kidney samples and further investigated ETFβ involvement in tubular epithelial cell (TEC) apoptosis. Human renal biopsy specimens from patients with DN as well as a spontaneous rat model of diabetes using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, were employed in order to examine the expression of ETFβ and cell apoptosis in kidneys during the development of DN (for the rats, at 36 and 56 weeks of age respectively). Moreover, ETFβ siRNA was used to investigate the role of ETFβ in the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Our present results showed that the expression of ETFβ in the kidneys was progressively decreased both in patients with DN and OLETF rats, which coincided with progressive renal injury and TEC apoptosis. In addition, the in vitro study demonstrated that knockdown of ETFβ caused apoptosis in tubular cells, as proven by the increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and TUNEL assay. Therefore, the findings of our present study suggest that ETFβ plays an important role in renal tubular cell apoptosis during the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Kong
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sifan Sun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Gajski G, Domijan AM, Žegura B, Štern A, Gerić M, Novak Jovanović I, Vrhovac I, Madunić J, Breljak D, Filipič M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Melittin induced cytogenetic damage, oxidative stress and changes in gene expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Toxicon 2016; 110:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Karginova O, Siegel MB, Van Swearingen AED, Deal AM, Adamo B, Sambade MJ, Bazyar S, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Bash R, O'Neal S, Sandison K, Parker JS, Santos C, Darr D, Zamboni W, Lee YZ, Miller CR, Anders CK. Efficacy of Carboplatin Alone and in Combination with ABT888 in Intracranial Murine Models of BRCA-Mutated and BRCA-Wild-Type Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 14:920-30. [PMID: 25824335 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with breast cancer brain metastases have extremely limited survival and no approved systemic therapeutics. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) commonly metastasizes to the brain and predicts poor prognosis. TNBC frequently harbors BRCA mutations translating to platinum sensitivity potentially augmented by additional suppression of DNA repair mechanisms through PARP inhibition. We evaluated brain penetrance and efficacy of carboplatin ± the PARP inhibitor ABT888, and investigated gene-expression changes in murine intracranial TNBC models stratified by BRCA and molecular subtype status. Athymic mice were inoculated intracerebrally with BRCA-mutant: SUM149 (basal), MDA-MB-436 (claudin-low); or BRCA-wild-type (wt): MDA-MB-468 (basal), MDA-MB-231BR (claudin-low). TNBC cells were treated with PBS control [intraperitoneal (IP), weekly], carboplatin (50 mg/kg/wk, IP), ABT888 (25 mg/kg/d, oral gavage), or their combination. DNA damage (γ-H2AX), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, cC3), and gene expression were measured in intracranial tumors. Carboplatin ± ABT888 significantly improved survival in BRCA-mutant intracranial models compared with control, but did not improve survival in BRCA-wt intracranial models. Carboplatin + ABT888 revealed a modest survival advantage versus carboplatin in BRCA-mutant models. ABT888 yielded a marginal survival benefit in the MDA-MB-436, but not in the SUM149 model. BRCA-mutant SUM149 expression of γ-H2AX and cC3 proteins was elevated in all treatment groups compared with control, whereas BRCA-wt MDA-MB-468 cC3 expression did not increase with treatment. Carboplatin treatment induced common gene-expression changes in BRCA-mutant models. Carboplatin ± ABT888 penetrates the brain and improves survival in BRCA-mutant intracranial TNBC models with corresponding DNA damage and gene-expression changes. Combination therapy represents a potential promising treatment strategy for patients with TNBC brain metastases warranting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karginova
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marni B Siegel
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amanda E D Van Swearingen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Allison M Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Biostatistics Core Facility, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Adamo
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Sambade
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Soha Bazyar
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nana Nikolaishvili-Feinberg
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan Bash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sara O'Neal
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katie Sandison
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charlene Santos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William Zamboni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle Drug Development Initiative (TOND2I) Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. UNC Institute of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carey K Anders
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Yang JF, Gao RC, Wu HT, Li PF, Hu XS, Zhou DY, Zhu BW, Su YC. Analysis of Apoptosis in Ultraviolet-Induced Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) Melting Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl-Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling Assay and Cleaved Caspase-3 Immunohistochemistry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9601-9608. [PMID: 26484758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber body wall melting phenomenon occurs under certain circumstances, and the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. This study investigated the apoptosis in the ultraviolet (UV)-induced sea cucumber melting phenomenon. Fresh sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) were exposed to UV radiation for half an hour at an intensity of 0.056 mW/cm(2) and then held at room temperature for melting development. The samples were histologically processed into formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The apoptosis of samples was analyzed with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The emergence of TUNEL-positive cells speeds up between 0.5 and 2 h after UV irradiation. Cleaved caspase-3 positive cells were obviously detected in sample tissues immediately after the UV irradiation. These results demonstrated that sea cucumber melting induced by UV irradiation was triggered by the activation of caspase-3 followed by DNA fragmentation in sea cucumber tissue, which was attributed to apoptosis but was not a consequence of autolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Chun Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Shu Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Su
- Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University , Astoria, Oregon 97103, United States
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Biomarkers of Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Autophagy in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20560-75. [PMID: 26334269 PMCID: PMC4613218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death with morphological and molecular features of apoptosis has been detected in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, which suggests a key role for chondrocyte death/survival in the pathogenesis of OA. Identification of biomarkers of chondrocyte apoptosis may facilitate the development of novel therapies that may eliminate the cause or, at least, slow down the degenerative processes in OA. The aim of this review was to explore the molecular markers and signals that induce chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the keywords chondrocyte death, apoptosis, osteoarthritis, autophagy and biomarker. Several molecules considered to be markers of chondrocyte apoptosis will be discussed in this brief review. Molecular markers and signalling pathways associated with chondroycte apoptosis may turn out to be therapeutic targets in OA and approaches aimed at neutralizing apoptosis-inducing molecules may at least delay the progression of cartilage degeneration in OA.
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de Pizzol Júnior JP, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Apoptosis and reduced microvascular density of the lamina propria during tooth eruption in rats. J Anat 2015; 227:487-96. [PMID: 26228092 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During tooth eruption, structural and functional changes must occur in the lamina propria to establish the eruptive pathway. In this study, we evaluate the structural changes that occur during lamina propria degradation and focus these efforts on apoptosis and microvascular density. Fragments of maxilla containing the first molars from 9-, 11-, 13- and 16-day-old rats were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. The immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3 and MAC387 (macrophage marker), and the TUNEL method were applied to the histological molar sections. The numerical density of TUNEL-positive cells and VEGF-positive blood vessel profiles were also obtained. Data were statistically evaluated using a one-way anova with the post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis or Tukey test and a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Fragments of maxilla were embedded in Araldite for analysis under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TUNEL-positive structures, fibroblasts with strongly basophilic nuclei and macrophages were observed in the lamina propria at all ages. Using TEM, we identified processes of fibroblasts or macrophages surrounding partially apoptotic cells. We found a high number of apoptotic cells in 11-, 13- and 16-day-old rats. We observed VEGF-positive blood vessel profiles at all ages, but a significant decrease in the numerical density was found in 13- and 16-day-old rats compared with 9-day-old rats. Therefore, the establishment of the eruptive pathway during the mucosal penetration stage depends on cell death by apoptosis, the phagocytic activity of fibroblasts and macrophages, and a decrease in the microvasculature due to vascular cell death. These data point to the importance of vascular rearrangement and vascular neoformation during tooth eruption and the development of oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Dental School - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Dental School - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Loreto C, Psaila A, Musumeci G, Castorina S, Leonardi R. Apoptosis activation in human carious dentin. An immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2513. [PMID: 26428882 PMCID: PMC4598594 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms and enzymes involved in caries progression are largely unclear. Apoptosis plays a key role in dentin remodelling related to damage repair; however, it is unclear whether apoptosis in decayed teeth is activated through the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway. This ex vivo immunohistochemical study explored the localization of TRAIL, DR5, Bcl-2 and Bax, the main proteins involved in apoptosis, in teeth with advanced caries. To evaluate TRAIL, DR5, Bcl-2 and Bax immunoexpressions twelve permanent carious premolars were embedded in paraffin and processed for immunohistochemistry. The results showed that TRAIL and DR5 were overexpressed in dentin and in pulp vessels and mononuclear cells; strong Bax immunostaining was detected in dilated dentinal tubules close to the lesion, and Bcl-2 staining was weak in some dentin areas under the cavity or altogether absent. These findings suggest that both apoptosis pathways are activated in dental caries. Further studies are required to gain insights into its biomolecular mechanisms.
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Santos MM, Tannuri ACA, Coelho MCM, de Oliveira Gonçalves J, Serafini S, da Silva LFF, Tannuri U. Immediate expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in a model of intestinal autotransplantation and ischemia-reperfusion in situ. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:373-9. [PMID: 26039956 PMCID: PMC4449475 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(05)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in several clinical conditions and after intestinal transplantation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenomena of apoptosis and cell proliferation in a previously described intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury autograft model using immunohistochemical markers. The molecular mechanisms involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury repair were also investigated by measuring the expression of the early activation genes c-fos and c-jun, which induce apoptosis and cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male Wistar rats were subjected to surgery for a previously described ischemia-reperfusion model that preserved the small intestine, the cecum and the ascending colon. Following reperfusion, the cecum was harvested at different time points as a representative segment of the intestine. The rats were allocated to the following four subgroups according to the reperfusion time: subgroup 1: 5 min; subgroup 2: 15 min; subgroup 3: 30 min; and subgroup 4: 60 min. A control group of cecum samples was also collected. The expression of c-fos, c-jun and immunohistochemical markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis (Ki67 and TUNEL, respectively) was studied. RESULTS The expression of both c-fos and c-jun in the cecum was increased beginning at 5 min after ischemia-reperfusion compared with the control. The expression of c-fos began to increase at 5 min, peaked at 30 min, and exhibited a declining tendency at 60 min after reperfusion. A progressive increase in c-jun expression was observed. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed these observations. CONCLUSION The early activation of the c-fos and c-jun genes occurred after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and these genes can act together to trigger cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Guendel I, Iordanskiy S, Sampey GC, Van Duyne R, Calvert V, Petricoin E, Saifuddin M, Kehn-Hall K, Kashanchi F. Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HIV-1-infected cells. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:257-75. [PMID: 25672887 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular cofactors have been documented to be critical for various stages of viral replication. Using high-throughput proteomic assays, we have previously identified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a host protein that was uniquely upregulated in the plasma membrane of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected T cells. Here, we have further characterized the BTK expression in HIV-1 infection and show that this cellular factor is specifically expressed in infected myeloid cells. Significant upregulation of the phosphorylated form of BTK was observed in infected cells. Using size exclusion chromatography, we found BTK to be virtually absent in the uninfected U937 cells; however, new BTK protein complexes were identified and distributed in both high molecular weight (∼600 kDa) and a small molecular weight complex (∼60-120 kDa) in the infected U1 cells. BTK levels were highest in cells either chronically expressing virus or induced/infected myeloid cells and that BTK translocated to the membrane following induction of the infected cells. BTK knockdown in HIV-1-infected cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in selective death of infected, but not uninfected, cells. Using BTK-specific antibody and small-molecule inhibitors including LFM-A13 and a FDA-approved compound, ibrutinib (PCI-32765), we have found that HIV-1-infected cells are sensitive to apoptotic cell death and result in a decrease in virus production. Overall, our data suggests that HIV-1-infected cells are sensitive to treatments targeting BTK expressed in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guendel
- Department of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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Chondrosenescence: definition, hallmarks and potential role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Maturitas 2014; 80:237-44. [PMID: 25637957 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging and inflammation are major contributing factors to the development and progression of arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases. "Inflammaging" refers to low-grade inflammation that occurs during physiological aging. In this paper we review the published literature on cartilage aging and propose the term "chondrosenescence" to define the age-dependent deterioration of chondrocyte function and how it undermines cartilage function in osteoarthritis. We propose the concept that a small number of senescent chondrocytes may be able to take advantage of the inflammatory tissue microenvironment and the inflammaging and immunosenescence that is concurrently occurring in the arthritic joint, further contributing to the age-related degradation of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium and other tissues. In this new framework "chondrosenescence" is intimately linked with inflammaging and the disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes, thus contributing to the age-related increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis and a decrease in the efficacy of articular cartilage repair. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying chondrosenescence and its modification by drugs, weight loss, improved nutrition and physical exercise could lead to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for osteoarthritis and a range of other age-related inflammatory joint diseases. Aging is inevitable but age-related diseases may be modifiable.
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Pérez CV, Theas MS, Jacobo PV, Jarazo-Dietrich S, Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Dual role of immune cells in the testis: Protective or pathogenic for germ cells? SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e23870. [PMID: 23687616 PMCID: PMC3644047 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe how the immune cells present in the testis interact with the germinal epithelium contributing to survival or apoptosis of germ cells (GCs). Physiologically, the immunosuppressor testicular microenvironment protects GCs from immune attack, whereas in inflammatory conditions, tolerance is disrupted and immune cells and their mediators respond to GC self antigens, inducing damage of the germinal epithelium. Considering that experimental models of autoimmune orchitis have clarified the local immune mechanisms by which protection of the testis is compromised, we described the following topics in the testis of normal and orchitic rats: (1) cell adhesion molecule expression of seminiferous tubule specialized junctions and modulation of blood-testis barrier permeability by cytokines (2) phenotypic and functional characteristics of testicular dendritic cells, macrophages, effector and regulatory T cells and mast cells and (3) effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and FasL) and the nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase system on GC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UBA/CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang L, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Li S, Wang Y, Li L, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Fucoxanthin induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of mortalin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:877-84. [PMID: 25187415 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, has been reported to have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells, human prostate cancer cells, human leukemia cells, and human epithelial cervical cancer cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of fucoxanthin against human bladder cancer T24 cell line. MTT analysis results showed that 5 and 10 μM fucoxanthin inhibited the proliferation of T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by the growth arrest at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, which is mediated by the up-regulation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory protein and the down-regulation of CDK-2, CDK-4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. In addition, 20 and 40 μM fucoxanthin induced apoptosis of T24 cells by the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex and the reactivation of nuclear mutant-type p53, which also had tumor suppressor function as wild-type p53. All these results demonstrated that the anti-cancer activity of fucoxanthin on T24 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by up-regulation of p21 at low doses and apoptosis via decrease in the expression level of mortalin, which is a stress regulator and a member of heat shock protein 70, followed by up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yang Zeng
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ye Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuhong Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan Natural Product Industry of Tsukuba Co., Ltd, E-26, 1187-80 (Kenkyugakuen C43-3) East Hiratuka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0812, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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The role of intrinsic pathway in apoptosis activation and progression in Peyronie's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:616149. [PMID: 25197653 PMCID: PMC4147380 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized with formation of fibrous plaques which result in penile deformity, pain, and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in plaques from PD patients. Tunica albuginea from either PD or control patients was assessed for the expression of bax, bcl-2 and caspases 9 and 3 using immunohistochemistry and by measurement of apoptotic cells using TUNEL assay. Bax overexpression was observed in metaplastic bone tissue, in fibroblasts, and in myofibroblast of plaques from PD patients. Little or no bcl-2 immunostaining was detected in samples from either patients or controls. Caspase 3 immunostaining was very strong in fibrous tissue, in metaplasic bone osteocytes, and in primary ossification center osteoblasts. Moderate caspase 9 immunostaining was seen in fibrous cells plaques and in osteocytes and osteoblasts of primary ossification centers from PD patients. Control samples were negative for caspase 9 immunostaining. In PD patients the TUNEL immunoassay showed intense immunostaining of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the absence of apoptotic cells in metaplasic bone tissue and on the border between fibrous and metaplastic bone tissue. Apoptosis occurs in stabilized PD plaques and is partly induced by the intrinsic pathway.
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Sirisha VL, Sinha M, D'Souza JS. Menadione-induced caspase-dependent programmed cell death in the green chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:587-601. [PMID: 26988330 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Menadione, a quinone that undergoes redox cycles leading to the formation of superoxide radicals, induces programmed cell death (PCD) in animals and plants. In this study, we investigated whether the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A.Dangeard is capable of executing PCD upon exposure to menadione stress. We report here, the morphological, molecular, and biochemical changes after menadione exposure of C. reinhardtii cells. The effect of menadione on cell death has been shown to be dose-dependent; 5-100 μM menadione causes 20%-46% cell death, respectively. It appears that growth is inhibited with the concomitant degradation of the photosynthetic pigments and by a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity. Being an oxidative stress, we found an H2 O2 burst within 15 min of menadione exposure, followed by an increase in antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]) activities. In parallel, RT-PCR was performed for transcript analyses of Mn-SOD, CAT, and APX. Our results clearly revealed that expression of these genes were up-regulated upon menadione exposure. Furthermore, classical hallmarks of PCD such as alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, significant increase in caspase-3-like DEVDase activity, cleavage of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP)-1-like enzyme, and DNA fragmentation as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and oligosomal DNA fragmentation were observed. Moreover, antibodies against a mammalian active caspase-3 shared epitopes with a caspase-3-like protein of ~17 kDa; its pattern of expression and activity correlated with the onset of cell death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on menadione-induced PCD through a mitochondrian-caspase protease pathway in an algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Sirisha
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Mahuya Sinha
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Jacinta S D'Souza
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
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Sarniguet C, Toloza J, Cipriani M, Lapier M, Vieites M, Toledano-Magaña Y, García-Ramos JC, Ruiz-Azuara L, Moreno V, Maya JD, Azar CO, Gambino D, Otero L. Water-soluble ruthenium complexes bearing activity against protozoan parasites. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:379-92. [PMID: 24740394 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic illnesses are major causes of human disease and misery worldwide. Among them, both amebiasis and Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasites, Entamoeba histolytica and Trypanosoma cruzi, are responsible for thousands of annual deaths. The lack of safe and effective chemotherapy and/or the appearance of current drug resistance make the development of novel pharmacological tools for their treatment relevant. In this sense, within the framework of the medicinal inorganic chemistry, metal-based drugs appear to be a good alternative to find a pharmacological answer to parasitic diseases. In this work, novel ruthenium complexes [RuCl2(HL)(HPTA)2]Cl2 with HL=bioactive 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones and PTA=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane have been synthesized and fully characterized. PTA was included as co-ligand in order to modulate complexes aqueous solubility. In fact, obtained complexes were water soluble. Their activity against T. cruzi and E. histolytica was evaluated in vitro. [RuCl2(HL4)(HPTA)2]Cl2 complex, with HL4=N-phenyl-5-nitrofuryl-thiosemicarbazone, was the most active compound against both parasites. In particular, it showed an excellent activity against E. histolytica (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)=5.2 μM), even higher than that of the reference drug metronidazole. In addition, this complex turns out to be selective for E. histolytica (selectivity index (SI)>38). The potential mechanism of antiparasitic action of the obtained ruthenium complexes could involve oxidative stress for both parasites. Additionally, complexes could interact with DNA as second potential target by an intercalative-like mode. Obtained results could be considered a contribution in the search for metal compounds that could be active against multiple parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sarniguet
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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. S, Wahyuni W, Artika I, . S. Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid from Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. Leaves and Apoptosis Induction in Yeast Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2014.305.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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