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Abdelaziz HA, Hamed MF, Ghoniem HA, Nader MA, Suddek GM. Empagliflozin Mitigates PTZ-Induced Seizures in Rats: Modulating Npas4 and CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2025; 20:5. [PMID: 39776284 PMCID: PMC11706855 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) is one of the sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors that has been recently approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. Recently, EMPA has shown protective effects in different neurological disorders, besides its antidiabetic activity. Kindling is a relevant model to study epilepsy and neuroplasticity. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of EMPA (1 and 3 mg/kg orally) against convulsant effects induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) using a modified window- (win-) PTZ kindling protocol. The biochemical dysfunction and hippocampal damage induced by PTZ were profoundly reversed by EMPA treatment in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by the significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) hippocampal contents. Furthermore, EMPA counteracted PTZ-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal region, as confirmed by histopathological examination of the hippocampal tissues. EMPA impaired astrocytosis and showed an antiapoptotic effect through a significant reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and BCL2-Associated X Protein (BAX) expressions, respectively. Interestingly, EMPA exhibited an antiepileptic effect against PTZ-induced seizures through significantly reducing neuronal PAS domain Protein 4 (Npas4), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) hippocampal expressions, and enhancing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway, which are found to be involved in epileptogenesis, eventually leading to significant improvement of behavioral impairments induced by PTZ. Hence, these results showed further prospective insights for EMPA as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Ghoniem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, 7731168, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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2
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García-García L, Gómez-Oliver F, Fernández de la Rosa R, Pozo MÁ. Dantrolene paradoxically exacerbates short-term brain glucose hypometabolism, hippocampal damage and neuroinflammation induced by status epilepticus in the rat lithium-pilocarpine model. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 985:177073. [PMID: 39481630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurologic emergency characterized by prolonged or rapidly recurring seizures. Increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurring after SE is a key mediator of excitotoxicity that contributes to the brain damage associated with the development of epilepsy. Accumulated evidence indicates that dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor (RyR) blocker may have protective effects against the SE-induced damage. We evaluated whether dantrolene (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administered twice, 5 min and 24 h after the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE in rats, had neuroprotective effects. Dantrolene by itself had no effects on control rats. However, it exacerbated the signs of damage in rats that underwent SE, increasing brain glucose hypometabolism as measured by PET neuroimaging 3 days after SE. Likewise, the neurohistochemical studies revealed that dantrolene aggravated signs of hippocampal neurodegeneration, neuronal death and microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Besides, the damaging effects were reflected by severe body weight loss. Overall, our results point towards a deleterious effect of dantrolene in the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE model. Nonetheless, our results are in opposition to the reported neuroprotective effects of dantrolene. Whether the mechanisms underlying [Ca2+]i increase might significantly differ depending on the particularities of the model of epilepsy used and general experimental conditions need further studies. Besides, it is yet to be determined which isoform of RyRs significantly contributes to Ca2+-induced excitotoxicity in the lithium-pilocarpine SE rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisca Gómez-Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández de la Rosa
- Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; ICTS Bioimagen Complutense (BIOIMAC), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Sato T, Yamaguchi A, Onishi M, Abe Y, Shiga T, Ishikawa KI, Baba K, Akamatsu W. Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Sleep Bruxism: A Preliminary In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13141. [PMID: 39684851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep bruxism (SB) involves involuntary jaw movements during sleep and is potentially caused by motor neuronal hyperexcitability and GABAergic system dysfunction. However, the molecular basis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in the expression of several genes associated with the pathophysiology of SB. Bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of neurons derived from patient and control human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were performed to comprehensively assess gene expression and cell type-specific alterations, respectively. Bulk RNA-seq revealed significant upregulation of calcium signaling-related genes in SB neurons, including those encoding G protein-coupled receptors and receptor-operated calcium channels. snRNA-seq confirmed the increased expression of GRIN2B (an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit) and CHRM3 (an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor), particularly in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. These alterations were linked to hyperexcitability, with GRIN2B contributing to glutamatergic signaling and CHRM3 contributing to cholinergic signaling. These findings suggest that disrupted calcium signaling and overexpression of GRIN2B and CHRM3 drive neuronal hyperexcitability, providing insight into the pathophysiology of SB. Targeting these pathways may inform therapeutic strategies for SB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Sato
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayu Onishi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yuka Abe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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4
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Gupta V, Singh S, Singh TG. Pervasive expostulation of p53 gene promoting the precipitation of neurogenic convulsions: A journey in therapeutic advancements. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176990. [PMID: 39251181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by prolonged and excessive seizures, has been linked to elevated levels of the tumor suppressor gene p53, which contributes to neuronal dysfunction. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of p53 in epilepsy and discusses potential future therapeutic strategies. Research indicates that changes in p53 expression during neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Elevated p53 disrupts glutamatergic neurotransmission and hyperactivates NMDA and AMPA receptors, leading to increased neuronal calcium influx, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and activation of apoptotic pathways mediated neuronal dysfunction, exacerbating epileptogenesis. The involvement of p53 in epilepsy suggests that targeting this protein could be beneficial in mitigating neuronal damage and preventing seizure recurrence. Pharmacological agents like pifithrin-α have shown promise in reducing p53-mediated apoptosis and seizure severity. Gene therapy approaches, such as viral vector-mediated delivery of wild-type p53 or RNA interference targeting mutant p53, have also been effective in restoring normal p53 function and reducing seizure susceptibility. Despite these advances, the heterogeneous nature of epilepsy and potential long-term side effects of p53 modulation present challenges. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms of p53 and developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Modulating p53 activity holds promise for reducing seizure susceptibility and improving the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy. The current review provides the understanding the intricate role of p53 in neuroinflammatory pathways, including JAK-STAT, JNK, NF-κB, Sonic Hedgehog, and Wnt, is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhao T, Su S, Li L, Zhang Y, Yan J, Cui X, Sun Y, Zhao J, Han X, Cao J. An explanation of the role of pyroptosis playing in epilepsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112386. [PMID: 38850794 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe central nervous system disorder characterized by an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition, resulting in heightened neuronal excitability, particularly within the hippocampus. About one-third of individuals with epilepsy experience difficult-to-manage seizures, known as refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy is closely linked to inflammatory immune response, with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators observed in individuals with this condition. This inflammation of the brain can lead to seizures of various types and is further exacerbated by the release of inflammatory factors, which heighten the excitability of peripheral neurons and worsen the progression of epilepsy. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death which has been shown to be involved in the pathological process of epilepsy. Inflammatory factors released during pyroptosis increase neuronal excitability and promote abnormal discharge in epilepsy, increasing susceptibility to epilepsy. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on cell pyroptosis and its potential mechanisms, including both canonical and noncanonical pathways. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of pyroptosis occurrence in epilepsy and the potential therapeutic drugs targeting pyroptosis as a treatment strategy. In summary, this review highlights the promising potential of pyroptosis as a target for developing innovative therapies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Songxue Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yubing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cui
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiong Han
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Puthumana EA, Muhamad L, Young LA, Chu XP. TRPA1, TRPV1, and Caffeine: Pain and Analgesia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7903. [PMID: 39063144 PMCID: PMC11276833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring methylxanthine that acts as a potent central nervous system stimulant found in more than 60 different plants and fruits. Although caffeinated beverages are widely and casually consumed, the application of caffeine beyond dietary levels as pharmacologic therapy has been recognized since the beginning of its recorded use. The analgesic and vasoactive properties of caffeine are well known, but the extent of their molecular basis remains an area of active research. There is existing evidence in the literature as to caffeine's effect on TRP channels, the role of caffeine in pain management and analgesia, as well as the role of TRP in pain and analgesia; however, there has yet to be a review focused on the interaction between caffeine and TRP channels. Although the influence of caffeine on TRP has been demonstrated in the lab and in animal models, there is a scarcity of data collected on a large scale as to the clinical utility of caffeine as a regulator of TRP. This review aims to prompt further molecular research to elucidate the specific ligand-host interaction between caffeine and TRP by validating caffeine as a regulator of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels-focusing on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor subtypes-and its application in areas of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (E.A.P.); (L.M.); (L.A.Y.)
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7
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Li S, Lin X, Duan L. Harnessing the power of natural alkaloids: the emergent role in epilepsy therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1418555. [PMID: 38962319 PMCID: PMC11220463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1418555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The quest for effective epilepsy treatments has spotlighted natural alkaloids due to their broad neuropharmacological effects. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the antiseizure properties of various natural compounds, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits. Our findings reveal that bioactive substances such as indole, quinoline, terpenoid, and pyridine alkaloids confer medicinal benefits by modulating synaptic interactions, restoring neuronal balance, and mitigating neuroinflammation-key factors in managing epileptic seizures. Notably, these compounds enhance GABAergic neurotransmission, diminish excitatory glutamatergic activities, particularly at NMDA receptors, and suppress proinflammatory pathways. A significant focus is placed on the strategic use of nanoparticle delivery systems to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of these alkaloids, which helps overcome the challenges associated with crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The review concludes with a prospective outlook on integrating these bioactive substances into epilepsy treatment regimes, advocating for extensive research to confirm their efficacy and safety. Advancing the bioavailability of alkaloids and rigorously assessing their toxicological profiles are essential to fully leverage the therapeutic potential of these compounds in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Trial Center, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Trial Center, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vaughan AJ, McMeekin LJ, Hine K, Stubbs IW, Codadu NK, Cockell S, Hill JT, Cowell R, Trevelyan AJ, Parrish RR. RNA Sequencing Demonstrates Ex Vivo Neocortical Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Epileptiform Activity in Male and Female Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0520-23.2024. [PMID: 38664009 PMCID: PMC11129778 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0520-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Seizures are generally associated with epilepsy but may also be a symptom of many other neurological conditions. A hallmark of a seizure is the intensity of the local neuronal activation, which can drive large-scale gene transcription changes. Such changes in the transcriptional profile likely alter neuronal function, thereby contributing to the pathological process. Therefore, there is a strong clinical imperative to characterize how gene expression is changed by seizure activity. To this end, we developed a simplified ex vivo technique for studying seizure-induced transcriptional changes. We compared the RNA sequencing profile in mouse neocortical tissue with up to 3 h of epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP) relative to control brain slices not exposed to the drug. We identified over 100 genes with significantly altered expression after 4AP treatment, including multiple genes involved in MAPK, TNF, and neuroinflammatory signaling pathways, all of which have been linked to epilepsy previously. Notably, the patterns in male and female brain slices were almost identical. Various immediate early genes were among those showing the largest upregulation. The set of down-regulated genes included ones that might be expected either to increase or to decrease neuronal excitability. In summary, we found the seizure-induced transcriptional profile complex, but the changes aligned well with an analysis of published epilepsy-associated genes. We discuss how simple models may provide new angles for investigating seizure-induced transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J Vaughan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Laura J McMeekin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - Kutter Hine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Isaac W Stubbs
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Neela K Codadu
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cockell
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sports Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon T Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Rita Cowell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - R Ryley Parrish
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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9
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Teng S, Wang W, Wen JJJ, Wang J, Turi GF, Peng Y. Expression of GCaMP6s in the dentate gyrus induces tonic-clonic seizures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8104. [PMID: 38582752 PMCID: PMC10998915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) widely used in neuroscience research. It measures intracellular Ca2+ level by fluorescence changes as it directly binds to Ca2+. In this process, the effect of this calcium buffer on the intracellular calcium signaling and cell physiology is often not taken into consideration. However, growing evidence from calcium imaging studies shows GCaMP expression under certain conditions can generate aberrant activity, such as seizures. In this study, we examined the effect of GCaMP6 expression in the dentate gyrus (DG) on epileptogenesis. We found that viral expression of GCaMP6s but not GCaMP6f in the DG induces tonic-clonic seizures several weeks after viral injection. Cell-type specific expression of GCaMP6s revealed the granule cells (GCs) as the key player in GCaMP6s-induced epilepsy. Finally, by using slice electrophysiology, we demonstrated that GCaMP6s expression increases neuronal excitability in the GCs. Together, this study highlights the ability of GCaMP6s in DG-associated epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Teng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Jingxuan Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gergely F Turi
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Xie C, Zhao W, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu J, Xia Z. The Progress of Poststroke Seizures. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:887-894. [PMID: 38294644 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A stroke is one of the most common fatal diseases of the nervous system, and the number of strokes per year has increased substantially in recent years. Epilepsy is a poststroke complication that greatly affects the prognosis of patients and reduces their quality of survival. Effective avoidance of causative factors can reduce the risk of a poststroke seizure. However, while many studies have been devoted to elucidating the pathogenesis of poststroke seizures, the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism. This article briefly presents the current definition, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prognosis of poststroke seizures based on reported studies and literature reviews, aiming to enrich the available knowledge of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xie
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinzhi Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
- Department of Gerontology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China.
- Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, No. 306, Health Street, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, PR China.
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11
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Ghodsinezhad V, Ghoreishi A, Rohani M, Dadfar M, Mohammadzadeh A, Rostami A, Rahimi H. Identification of four novel mutations in VSP13A in Iranian patients with Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:39. [PMID: 38519717 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variety of involuntary movements, predominantly chorea, and the presence of acanthocytosis in peripheral blood smears. ChAc is caused by mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A (VPS13A) gene. The aim of the present study was to conduct a clinical and genetic analysis of five patients with suspected ChAc in Iran. This study included five patients who were referred to the genetic department of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute between 2020 and 2022, with a suspicion of ChAc. Clinical features and the presence of characteristic MRI findings were evaluated in the patients. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing was employed to identify the disease-causing variants. The functional effects of novel mutations were analyzed by specific bioinformatics prediction tools. WES and data analysis revealed the presence of five distinct VPS13A mutations in the patients, four of which were novel. These included one nonsense mutation (p.L984X), and three splice site mutations (c.755-1G>A, c.144+1 G>C, c.2512+1G>A). All mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing, and in silico analysis predicted that all mutations were pathogenic. This study provides the first molecular genetic characteristics of Iranian patients with ChAc, identifying four novel mutations in the VPS13A gene. These findings expand the VPS13A variants spectrum and confirm the clinical variability in ChAc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadieh Ghodsinezhad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Ghoreishi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Dadfar
- Skull Base Research Center, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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12
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Chen F, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu T, Wei L, Li Y, Zhang K, Ma Z, Tian C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu A, Shen H. Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:425-433. [PMID: 37488907 PMCID: PMC10503629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Diaz-Villegas V, Pichardo-Macías LA, Juárez-Méndez S, Ignacio-Mejía I, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Vargas-Hernández MA, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Zamudio SR. Changes in the Dentate Gyrus Gene Expression Profile Induced by Levetiracetam Treatment in Rats with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1690. [PMID: 38338984 PMCID: PMC10855401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of focal epilepsy. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug whose mechanism of action at the genetic level has not been fully described. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the relevant gene expression changes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of LEV-treated rats with pilocarpine-induced TLE. Whole-transcriptome microarrays were used to obtain the differential genetic profiles of control (CTRL), epileptic (EPI), and EPI rats treated for one week with LEV (EPI + LEV). Quantitative RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the RNA levels of the genes of interest. According to the results of the EPI vs. CTRL analysis, 685 genes were differentially expressed, 355 of which were underexpressed and 330 of which were overexpressed. According to the analysis of the EPI + LEV vs. EPI groups, 675 genes were differentially expressed, 477 of which were downregulated and 198 of which were upregulated. A total of 94 genes whose expression was altered by epilepsy and modified by LEV were identified. The RT-qPCR confirmed that LEV treatment reversed the increased expression of Hgf mRNA and decreased the expression of the Efcab1, Adam8, Slc24a1, and Serpinb1a genes in the DG. These results indicate that LEV could be involved in nonclassical mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and the regulation of the mTOR pathway through Efcab1, Hgf, SLC24a1, Adam8, and Serpinb1a, contributing to reduced hyperexcitability in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diaz-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
| | - Sergio Juárez-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández
- Subdirección de Investigación, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | | | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
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14
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Cheng Y, Zhai Y, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhao W, Fan Z, Zhou L, Gao X, Zhan Y, Sun H. Xenon inhalation attenuates neuronal injury and prevents epilepsy in febrile seizure Sprague-Dawley pups. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1155303. [PMID: 37645594 PMCID: PMC10461106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1155303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) usually occur in childhood and may cause irreversible neuronal damage, cognitive functional defects, and an increase in the risk of epilepsy later in life. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), currently used to treat FS in children, can relieve seizures. However, their effects in preventing the risk of developing epilepsy in later life are unsatisfactory. Moreover, AEDs may damage child brain development. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of xenon in treating prolonged FS (PFS) and preventing epilepsy in Sprague-Dawley pups. Methods Prolonged FS was induced by hyperthermic treatment. After 90 min of PFS, the pups in the xenon treatment group were immediately treated with 70% xenon/21% oxygen/9% nitrogen for 60 min. The levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury, seizures, learning, and memory functions were measured at specific time points. Results Neonatal period PFS led to spontaneous seizure, learning and memory dysfunction, accompanied by increased levels of glutamate, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitophagy, and neuronal injury. Xenon treatment alleviated the changes caused by PFS and reduced the risk of PFS developing into epilepsy later. Conclusion Our results suggest that xenon inhalation could be a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate neuronal injury and prevent epilepsy in patients with FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenke Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenhai Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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15
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Aquiles A, Fiordelisio T, Luna-Munguia H, Concha L. Altered functional connectivity and network excitability in a model of cortical dysplasia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12335. [PMID: 37518675 PMCID: PMC10387479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are malformations of cortical development that often result in medically refractory epilepsy, with a greater incidence in the pediatric population. The relationship between the disturbed cortical morphology and epileptogenic activity of FCDs remains unclear. We used the BCNU (carmustine 1-3-bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea) animal model of cortical dysplasia to evaluate neuronal and laminar alterations and how these result in altered activity of intracortical networks in early life. We corroborated the previously reported morphological anomalies characteristic of the BCNU model, comprising slightly larger and rounder neurons and abnormal cortical lamination. Next, the neuronal activity of live cortical slices was evaluated through large field-of-view calcium imaging as well as the neuronal response to a stimulus that leads to cortical hyperexcitability (pilocarpine). Examination of the joint activity of neuronal calcium time series allowed us to identify intracortical communication patterns and their response to pilocarpine. The baseline power density distribution of neurons in the cortex of BCNU-treated animals was different from that of control animals, with the former showing no modulation after stimulus. Moreover, the intracortical communication pattern differed between the two groups, with cortexes from BCNU-treated animals displaying decreased inter-layer connectivity as compared to control animals. Our results indicate that the altered anatomical organization of the cortex of BCNU-treated rats translates into altered functional networks that respond abnormally to a hyperexcitable stimulus and highlight the role of network dysfunction in the pathophysiology of cortical dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aquiles
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - T Fiordelisio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Luna-Munguia
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - L Concha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
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16
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Lu Y, Wang W, Ma Y, Fan Z, Xiong L, Zhao J, He Y, Li C, Wang A, Xiao N, Wang T. miR-10a induces inflammatory responses in epileptic hippocampal neurons of rats via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2023; 34:526-534. [PMID: 37270844 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the mechanism of the regulatory effect of miR-10a on epilepsy is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-10a expression on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines in epileptic hippocampal neurons of rats. The miRNA differential expression profile of rat epileptic brain was analyzed using bioinformatic approaches. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal neurons were prepared as epileptic neuron models in vitro by replacing culture medium with magnesium-free extracellular solution. The hippocampal neurons were transfected with miR-10a mimics, and transcript levels of miR-10a, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and PI3K, mTOR, Akt, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. Cytokines secretory levels were detected by ELISA. Sixty up-regulated miRNAs were identified in the hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats and might affect the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In the epileptic hippocampal neurons model, the expression levels of miR-10a were significantly increased, with decreasing levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and increasing levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The miR-10a mimics promoted the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Meanwhile, miR-10a inhibitor activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited cytokines secretion. Finally, cytokine secretion was increased by treated with PI3K inhibitor and miR-10a inhibitor. The miR-10a may promote inflammatory responses in rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that miR-10a may be one of the target therapeutic molecules for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Lu
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Wanshi Wang
- Air Service Department, Central Theater Air Force Hospital of Chinese PLA, Datong, Shanxi
| | - Yanping Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong
| | - Zilian Fan
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Lan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Junhao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | - Anjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan
| | | | - Tianxun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
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17
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Chong D, Jones NC, Schittenhelm RB, Anderson A, Casillas-Espinosa PM. Multi-omics Integration and Epilepsy: Towards a Better Understanding of Biological Mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102480. [PMID: 37286031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The epilepsies are a group of complex neurological disorders characterised by recurrent seizures. Approximately 30% of patients fail to respond to anti-seizure medications, despite the recent introduction of many new drugs. The molecular processes underlying epilepsy development are not well understood and this knowledge gap impedes efforts to identify effective targets and develop novel therapies against epilepsy. Omics studies allow a comprehensive characterisation of a class of molecules. Omics-based biomarkers have led to clinically validated diagnostic and prognostic tests for personalised oncology, and more recently for non-cancer diseases. We believe that, in epilepsy, the full potential of multi-omics research is yet to be realised and we envisage that this review will serve as a guide to researchers planning to undertake omics-based mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Chong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Alison Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine (The Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Meng Y, Geng G, Ren Y, Zhang H, Gao Z, Liu Y, Shi J. Long-Term Outcome of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Therapy in Children With New-Onset Infantile Spasms. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:100-105. [PMID: 37060643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate for pretreatment clinical variables to predict the outcome of new-onset epileptic spasms after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy and to identify risk factors for poor long-term outcome. METHODS We retrospectively studied 129 consecutive patients with infantile spasms syndrome (ISS). These patients received ACTH with antiseizure medication therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than six months at our hospital. The response to treatment was assessed after two weeks of ACTH injection. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were used. RESULTS Among the 129 patients, 61 (47.3%) had a good response after two weeks of ACTH treatment. At the time of the latest follow-up, 71 (55%) patients were seizure-free (International League Against Epilepsy class1). The univariate analysis revealed that normal neurodevelopment (P = 0.018), time lag of less than one month (P = 0.026), no hypsarrhythmia on EEG (P = 0.004), and serum calcium level ≥2.50 mmol/L (P = 0.035) were significantly associated with a good response. Only a good response to ACTH therapy was significantly associated with a positive long-term outcome. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that serum calcium level ≧2.50 mmol/L was significantly associated with a positive long-term outcome (P = 0.030). Multivariate analysis confirmed that no response to ACTH therapy was an independent variable that predicted long-term seizure recurrence (P < 0.001, hazard ratio = 4.602, confidence interval = 2.252 to 9.406). CONCLUSIONS A good response to ACTH therapy had a significant predictive value for long-term seizure outcomes. Calcium may play an important role in the treatment of ISS with ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Guifu Geng
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Zaifen Gao
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China.
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Kumar K, Dubey V, Zaidi SS, Tripathi M, Siraj F, Sharma MC, Chandra PS, Doddamani R, Dixit AB, Banerjee J. RNA Sequencing of Intraoperative Peritumoral Tissues Reveals Potential Pathways Involved in Glioma-Related Seizures. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:437-447. [PMID: 37268865 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-induced changes in the peritumoral neocortex play a crucial role in generation of seizures. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in peritumoral epilepsy in low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Intraoperative peritumoral brain tissues resected from LGG patients with seizures (pGRS) or without seizures (pGNS) were used for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Comparative transcriptomics was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pGRS compared to pGNS using deseq2 and edgeR packages (R). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes & Genomes (KEGG) pathways was performed using the clusterProfiler package (R). The expression of key genes was validated at the transcript and protein levels in the peritumoral region using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A total of 1073 DEGs were identified in pGRS compared to pGNS, of which 559 genes were upregulated and 514 genes were downregulated (log2 fold-change ≥ 2, padj < 0.001). The DEGs in pGRS were highly enriched in the "Glutamatergic Synapse" and "Spliceosome" pathways, with increased expression of GRIN2A (NR2A), GRIN2B (NR2B), GRIA1 (GLUR1), GRIA3 (GLUR3), GRM5, CACNA1C, CACNA1A, and ITPR2. Moreover, increased immunoreactivity was observed for NR2A, NR2B, and GLUR1 proteins in the peritumoral tissues of GRS. These findings suggest that altered glutamatergic signaling and perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis may be potential causes of peritumoral epilepsy in gliomas. This explorative study identifies important genes/pathways that merit further characterization for their potential involvement in glioma-related seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Dubey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Syeda S Zaidi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Fouzia Siraj
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Iype M, Thomas SV. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders: Cause or effect? Mitochondrion 2023; 69:18-32. [PMID: 36621534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a crucial role in brain development and neurogenesis, both in embryonic and adult brains. Since the brain is the highest energy consuming organ, it is highly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. This has been implicated in a range of brain disorders including, neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA encoding mitochondrial proteins, have been associated with several cognitive disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of these conditions or a secondary effect. Our review article deals with this topic, and brings out recent advances in mitochondria-oriented therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of disorders involving cognitive impairment. In these patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be the cause of the condition, rather than the consequence. There are vast areas in this topic that remains to be explored and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Iype
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, Kerala, India; Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
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21
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Yang F, Sivils A, Cegielski V, Singh S, Chu XP. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Pain, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054714. [PMID: 36902145 PMCID: PMC10003176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacomodulation of membrane channels is an essential topic in the study of physiological conditions and disease status. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one such family of nonselective cation channels that have an important influence. In mammals, TRP channels consist of seven subfamilies with a total of twenty-eight members. Evidence shows that TRP channels mediate cation transduction in neuronal signaling, but the full implication and potential therapeutic applications of this are not entirely clear. In this review, we aim to highlight several TRP channels which have been shown to mediate pain sensation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and epilepsy. Recent findings suggest that TRPM (melastatin), TRPV (vanilloid), and TRPC (canonical) are of particular relevance to these phenomena. The research reviewed in this paper validates these TRP channels as potential targets of future clinical treatment and offers patients hope for more effective care.
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22
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Seizurogenic effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate in zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jeong S, Jang S, Kim SS, Bae MA, Shin J, Lee KB, Kim KT. Size-dependent seizurogenic effect of polystyrene microplastics in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129616. [PMID: 36104895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MP) size on neurotoxicity remain to be evaluated at various microsizes, and the seizurogenic effects of PS-MPs are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae under light-dark transitions after exposure to four PS-MP sizes (i.e., 1, 6, 10, and 25 μm) at concentrations of 500, 5,000, and 50,000 particles/mL. Changes in electroencephalographic signals, seizure-related gene expression, and neurochemical concentrations were measured. Locomotor activity was inhibited only by 10-μm PS-MPs. According to electroencephalographic signals, the number and total duration of seizure-like events significantly increased by 10-μm PS-MPs, which was confirmed by the altered expression of seizure-related genes c-fos and pvalb5. Additionally, an increase in the levels of neurochemicals choline, betaine, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid indicated that the observed hypoactivity and seizure-like behavior were associated with the dysregulation of the cholinergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems. Overall, these findings demonstrate that exposure to PS-MPs can potentially cause seizurogenic effects in developing zebrafish embryos, and we highlight that PS-MPs 10 µm in size dominantly affect neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea
| | - Soogyeong Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soon Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, the Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki-Baek Lee
- Zefit Inc., Daegu 42988, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, the Republic of Korea.
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Integrative analysis of expression profile indicates the ECM receptor and LTP dysfunction in the glioma-related epilepsy. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:430. [PMID: 35676651 PMCID: PMC9175475 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seizures are a common symptom in glioma patients, and they can cause brain dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which glioma-related epilepsy (GRE) causes alterations in brain networks remains elusive. Objective To investigate the potential pathogenic mechanism of GRE by analyzing the dynamic expression profiles of microRNA/ mRNA/ lncRNA in brain tissues of glioma patients. Methods Brain tissues of 16 patients with GRE and 9 patients with glioma without epilepsy (GNE) were collected. The total RNA was dephosphorylated, labeled, and hybridized to the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray, Release 19.0, 8 × 60 K. The cDNA was labeled and hybridized to the Agilent LncRNA + mRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray V3.0, 4 × 180 K. The raw data was extracted from hybridized images using Agilent Feature Extraction, and quantile normalization was performed using the Agilent GeneSpring. P-value < 0.05 and absolute fold change > 2 were considered the threshold of differential expression data. Data analyses were performed using R and Bioconductor. Results We found that 3 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-629-3p), 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs (TTN-AS1, LINC00641, SNHG14, LINC00894, SNHG1, OIP5-AS1), and 49 differentially expressed mRNAs play a vitally critical role in developing GRE. The expression of GABARAPL1, GRAMD1B, and IQSEC3 were validated more than twofold higher in the GRE group than in the GNE group in the validation cohort. Pathways including ECM receptor interaction and long-term potentiation (LTP) may contribute to the disease’s progression. Meanwhile, We built a lncRNA-microRNA-Gene regulatory network with structural and functional significance. Conclusion These findings can offer a fresh perspective on GRE-induced brain network changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08665-8.
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25
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Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in brain development. Cells Dev 2022; 170:203781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Heylen L, Partoens M, Mills JD, Kaminski RM, Godard P, Gillard M, de Witte PAM, Siekierska A. Connectivity Mapping Using a Novel sv2a Loss-of-Function Zebrafish Epilepsy Model as a Powerful Strategy for Anti-epileptic Drug Discovery. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:881933. [PMID: 35686059 PMCID: PMC9172968 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.881933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) regulates action potential-dependent neurotransmitter release and is commonly known as the primary binding site of an approved anti-epileptic drug, levetiracetam. Although several rodent knockout models have demonstrated the importance of SV2A for functional neurotransmission, its precise physiological function and role in epilepsy pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Here, we present a novel sv2a knockout model in zebrafish, a vertebrate with complementary advantages to rodents. We demonstrated that 6 days post fertilization homozygous sv2a–/– mutant zebrafish larvae, but not sv2a+/– and sv2a+/+ larvae, displayed locomotor hyperactivity and spontaneous epileptiform discharges, however, no major brain malformations could be observed. A partial rescue of this epileptiform brain activity could be observed after treatment with two commonly used anti-epileptic drugs, valproic acid and, surprisingly, levetiracetam. This observation indicated that additional targets, besides Sv2a, maybe are involved in the protective effects of levetiracetam against epileptic seizures. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis provided insights into the neuropathological processes underlying the observed epileptic phenotype. While gene expression profiling revealed only one differentially expressed gene (DEG) between wildtype and sv2a+/– larvae, there were 4386 and 3535 DEGs between wildtype and sv2a–/–, and sv2a+/– and sv2a–/– larvae, respectively. Pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis between wildtype and sv2a–/– larvae revealed several pathways and GO terms enriched amongst up- and down-regulated genes, including MAPK signaling, synaptic vesicle cycle, and extracellular matrix organization, all known to be involved in epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Importantly, we used the Connectivity map database to identify compounds with opposing gene signatures compared to the one observed in sv2a–/– larvae, to finally rescue the epileptic phenotype. Two out of three selected compounds rescued electrographic discharges in sv2a–/– larvae, while negative controls did not. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sv2a deficiency leads to increased seizure vulnerability and provide valuable insight into the functional importance of sv2a in the brain in general. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the concept of connectivity mapping represents an attractive and powerful approach in the discovery of novel compounds against epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Heylen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michèle Partoens
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Rafal M. Kaminski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- UCB Pharma, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | | | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Peter A. M. de Witte,
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Aleksandra Siekierska,
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Zhou J, Peng C, Li Q, Yan X, Yang L, Li M, Cao X, Xie X, Chen D, Rao C, Huang S, Peng F, Pan X. Dopamine Homeostasis Imbalance and Dopamine Receptors-Mediated AC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activation are Involved in Aconitine-Induced Neurological Impairment in Zebrafish and SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837810. [PMID: 35370746 PMCID: PMC8971779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is one of the main bioactive and toxic ingredients of Aconitum species. Increasingly, aconitine has been reported to induce neurotoxicity. However, whether aconitine has effects on the dopaminergic nervous system remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos at 6-days postfertilization were exposed to aconitine at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 μM for 24 h, and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 50, 100, and 200 μM of aconitine for 24 h. Results demonstrated that aconitine treatment induced deformities and enhanced the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvaes. Aconitine exposure suppressed cell proliferation and increased the number of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in zebrafish larvaes and SH-SY5Y cells. Aconitine altered the levels of dopamine and its metabolites by regulating the expression of genes and proteins related to dopamine synthesis, storage, degradation, and reuptake in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, aconitine activated the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway by activating the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and inhibiting the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) to disturb intracellular calcium homeostasis, eventually leading to the damage of nerve cells. Furthermore, the D1R antagonist SCH23390 and D2R agonist sumanirole pretreatment effectively attenuated the excitatory state of larvaes. Sumanirole and PKA antagonist H-89 pretreatment effectively decreased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation induced by aconitine in vivo. SCH23390 and sumanirole also reduced aconitine-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting the AC/cAMP/PKA pathway in vitro. These results suggested that dopamine homeostasis imbalance and dopamine receptors (DRs)-mediated AC/cAMP/PKA pathway activation might be vital mechanisms underlying aconitine-induced neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuju Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sizhou Huang
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Xiaoqi Pan,
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Xiaoqi Pan,
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28
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Bergantin LB. Neuroinflammation, Diabetes and COVID-19: Perspectives Coming from Ca 2+/cAMP Signalling. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:6-10. [PMID: 34970961 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666211231141401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A link between inflammatory diseases, e.g., epilepsy, dementia, diabetes, and COVID-19, has been established. For instance, observational studies involving several individuals reported that people with epilepsy show an enhanced incidence of manifesting dysfunctions related to cognition, e.g., dementia, while people with dementia have a higher incidence of manifesting epilepsy, thus an evident bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and dementia might occur. In addition, epilepsy commonly cooccurs in patients with diabetes, indicating an association between these two disorders. Intriguingly, some reports have also observed a poor prognosis of people with both diabetes and COVID-19. It is recognized that a dyshomeostasis of both Ca2+ and cAMP signalling pathways could be a molecular connection for these disorders. Therefore, clarifying this clinical relationship among epilepsy, dementia, diabetes, and COVID-19 may outcome in novel hypotheses for identifying the etiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo - SP 04039-032, Brazil
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29
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Laryushkin DP, Maiorov SA, Zinchenko VP, Gaidin SG, Kosenkov AM. Role of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Epileptiform Activity of Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910342. [PMID: 34638683 PMCID: PMC8508770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic discharges manifest in individual neurons as abnormal membrane potential fluctuations called paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS). PDSs can combine into clusters that are accompanied by synchronous oscillations of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neurons. Here, we investigate the contribution of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) to epileptiform activity induced in cultured hippocampal neurons by GABA(A)R antagonist, bicuculline. Using KCl-induced depolarization, we determined the optimal effective doses of the blockers. Dihydropyridines (nifedipine and isradipine) at concentrations ≤ 10 μM demonstrate greater selectivity than the blockers from other groups (phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines). However, high doses of dihydropyridines evoke an irreversible increase in [Ca2+]i in neurons and astrocytes. In turn, verapamil and diltiazem selectively block L-type VGCC in the range of 1–10 μM, whereas high doses of these drugs block other types of VGCC. We show that L-type VGCC blockade decreases the half-width and amplitude of bicuculline-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations. We also observe a decrease in the number of PDSs in a cluster and cluster duration. However, the pattern of individual PDSs and the frequency of the cluster occurrence change insignificantly. Thus, our results demonstrate that L-type VGCC contributes to maintaining the required [Ca2+]i level during oscillations, which appears to determine the number of PDSs in the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P. Laryushkin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.A.M.); (V.P.Z.)
| | - Sergei A. Maiorov
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.A.M.); (V.P.Z.)
| | - Valery P. Zinchenko
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.A.M.); (V.P.Z.)
| | - Sergei G. Gaidin
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.A.M.); (V.P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Artem M. Kosenkov
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.A.M.); (V.P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (A.M.K.)
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30
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El Ghaleb Y, Schneeberger PE, Fernández-Quintero ML, Geisler SM, Pelizzari S, Polstra AM, van Hagen JM, Denecke J, Campiglio M, Liedl KR, Stevens CA, Person RE, Rentas S, Marsh ED, Conlin LK, Tuluc P, Kutsche K, Flucher BE. CACNA1I gain-of-function mutations differentially affect channel gating and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2092-2106. [PMID: 33704440 PMCID: PMC8422349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1 to Cav3.3) regulate low-threshold calcium spikes, burst firing and rhythmic oscillations of neurons and are involved in sensory processing, sleep, and hormone and neurotransmitter release. Here, we examined four heterozygous missense variants in CACNA1I, encoding the Cav3.3 channel, in patients with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The p.(Ile860Met) variant, affecting a residue in the putative channel gate at the cytoplasmic end of the IIS6 segment, was identified in three family members with variable cognitive impairment. The de novo p.(Ile860Asn) variant, changing the same amino acid residue, was detected in a patient with severe developmental delay and seizures. In two additional individuals with global developmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy, the variants p.(Ile1306Thr) and p.(Met1425Ile), substituting residues at the cytoplasmic ends of IIIS5 and IIIS6, respectively, were found. Because structure modelling indicated that the amino acid substitutions differentially affect the mobility of the channel gate, we analysed possible effects on Cav3.3 channel function using patch-clamp analysis in HEK293T cells. The mutations resulted in slowed kinetics of current activation, inactivation, and deactivation, and in hyperpolarizing shifts of the voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation, with Cav3.3-I860N showing the strongest and Cav3.3-I860M the weakest effect. Structure modelling suggests that by introducing stabilizing hydrogen bonds the mutations slow the kinetics of the channel gate and cause the gain-of-function effect in Cav3.3 channels. The gating defects left-shifted and increased the window currents, resulting in increased calcium influx during repetitive action potentials and even at resting membrane potentials. Thus, calcium toxicity in neurons expressing the Cav3.3 variants is one likely cause of the neurodevelopmental phenotype. Computer modelling of thalamic reticular nuclei neurons indicated that the altered gating properties of the Cav3.3 disease variants lower the threshold and increase the duration and frequency of action potential firing. Expressing the Cav3.3-I860N/M mutants in mouse chromaffin cells shifted the mode of firing from low-threshold spikes and rebound burst firing with wild-type Cav3.3 to slow oscillations with Cav3.3-I860N and an intermediate firing mode with Cav3.3-I860M, respectively. Such neuronal hyper-excitability could explain seizures in the patient with the p.(Ile860Asn) mutation. Thus, our study implicates CACNA1I gain-of-function mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders, with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from borderline intellectual functioning to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra El Ghaleb
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Pauline E Schneeberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Stefanie M Geisler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Simone Pelizzari
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Abeltje M Polstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Marta Campiglio
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Cathy A Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | | | - Stefan Rentas
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura K Conlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Petronel Tuluc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Bernhard E Flucher
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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31
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Kessi M, Chen B, Peng J, Yan F, Yang L, Yin F. Calcium channelopathies and intellectual disability: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:219. [PMID: 33985586 PMCID: PMC8120735 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions are involved in several human cellular processes including corticogenesis, transcription, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between calcium channelopathies (CCs) and intellectual disability (ID)/global developmental delay (GDD) has been poorly investigated. We hypothesised that CCs play a major role in the development of ID/GDD and that both gain- and loss-of-function variants of calcium channel genes can induce ID/GDD. As a result, we performed a systematic review to investigate the contribution of CCs, potential mechanisms underlying their involvement in ID/GDD, advancements in cell and animal models, treatments, brain anomalies in patients with CCs, and the existing gaps in the knowledge. We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, OMIM, ClinGen, Gene Reviews, DECIPHER and LOVD databases to search for articles/records published before March 2021. The following search strategies were employed: ID and calcium channel, mental retardation and calcium channel, GDD and calcium channel, developmental delay and calcium channel. MAIN BODY A total of 59 reports describing 159 cases were found in PubMed, Embase, ClinVar, and LOVD databases. Variations in ten calcium channel genes including CACNA1A, CACNA1C, CACNA1I, CACNA1H, CACNA1D, CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2, CACNA1E, CACNA1F, and CACNA1G were found to be associated with ID/GDD. Most variants exhibited gain-of-function effect. Severe to profound ID/GDD was observed more for the cases with gain-of-function variants as compared to those with loss-of-function. CACNA1E, CACNA1G, CACNA1F, CACNA2D2 and CACNA1A associated with more severe phenotype. Furthermore, 157 copy number variations (CNVs) spanning calcium genes were identified in DECIPHER database. The leading genes included CACNA1C, CACNA1A, and CACNA1E. Overall, the underlying mechanisms included gain- and/ or loss-of-function, alteration in kinetics (activation, inactivation) and dominant-negative effects of truncated forms of alpha1 subunits. Forty of the identified cases featured cerebellar atrophy. We identified only a few cell and animal studies that focused on the mechanisms of ID/GDD in relation to CCs. There is a scarcity of studies on treatment options for ID/GDD both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CCs play a major role in ID/GDD. While both gain- and loss-of-function variants are associated with ID/GDD, the mechanisms underlying their involvement need further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Luo FM, Deng MX, Yu R, Liu L, Fan LL. Case Report: Chorea-Acanthocytosis Presents as Epilepsy in a Consanguineous Family With a Nonsense Mutation of in VPS13A. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:604715. [PMID: 33679298 PMCID: PMC7928333 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.604715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorea-Acanthocytosis (ChAc), a rare autosomal recessive inherited neurological disorder, originated from variants in Vacuolar Protein Sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene. The main symptoms of ChAc contain hyperkinetic movements, seizures, cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, elevated serum biochemical indicators, and acanthocytes detection in peripheral blood smear. Recently, researchers found that epilepsy may be a presenting and prominent symptom of ChAc. Here, we enrolled a consanguineous family with epilepsy and non-coordinated movement. Whole exome sequencing was employed to explore the genetic lesion of the family. After data filtering, co-separation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the homozygous nonsense variant (NM_033305.2: c.8282C>G, p.S2761X) of VPS13A were identified which could be genetic factor of the patient. No other meaningful mutations were detected. This mutation (p.S2761X) led to a truncated protein in exon 60 of the VPS13A gene, was simultaneously absent in our 200 local control participants. The homozygous mutation (NM_033305.2: c.8282C>G, p.S2761X) of VPS13A may be the first time be identified in ChAc patient with epilepsy. Our study assisted to the diagnosis of ChAc in this patient and contributed to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with ChAc presented as epilepsy. Moreover, we further indicated that epilepsy was a crucial phenotype in ChAc patients caused by VPS13A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Mei Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xing Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changsha, China
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Bergantin LB. Common Issues Among Asthma, Epilepsy, and Schizophrenia: From Inflammation to Ca 2+/cAMP Signalling. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:229-232. [PMID: 33176668 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019999201110192029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large amount of evidence has described that asthma may be associated with a high epilepsy risk, and epilepsy may be linked with high asthma risk, especially among children and individuals in their 30s. Curiously, asthma has also been associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. Most interestingly, a bidirectional link between schizophrenia and epilepsy has also been established and has been of interest for many years. OBJECTIVE Bearing in mind the experience of our group in the field of Ca2+/cAMP signalling pathways, this article discussed, beyond inflammation, the role of these signalling pathways in this link among epilepsy, asthma, and schizophrenia. METHODS Publications involving these signalling pathways, asthma, epilepsy, and schizophrenia (alone or combined) were collected by searching PubMed and EMBASE. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There is a clear relationship between Ca2+ signalling, e.g. increased Ca2+ signals and inflammatory responses. In addition to Ca2+, cAMP regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Then, beyond inflammation, the comprehension of the link among epilepsy, asthma, and schizophrenia could improve the drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669-Vila Clementino, São Paulo-SP, 04039-032, Brazil
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Xu W, Zhang S, Feng Y, Zhang C, Xiao Y, Tian F. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled epileptic rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 81:125-141. [PMID: 33316100 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy can severely affect the quality of life of patients, who are often at higher risk of mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis underlying epileptogenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled epileptic rats to explore the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis. We established an epileptic model in Sprague Dawley rats by injecting PTZ intraperitoneally and applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hippocampus. A total of 99 proteins, comprising 93 upregulated and 6 downregulated proteins, were identified based on a fold change >1.2 (or <0.83) and a p-value < .05. A further bioinformatics analysis suggested that the candidate proteins were mainly involved in the ubiquitin ligase complex or metabolite homeostasis or acted as intrinsic components of the membrane. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis identified a series of representative pathological pathways, including the calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and the NF-kappa B pathway. The mass spectrometry results were further confirmed by assessing five representative proteins (Akt1, Syvn1, Amfr, Lamb1, and Cox17) using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. These results may help to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and provide new directions or targets for epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Dynamic Transitions in Neuronal Network Firing Sustained by Abnormal Astrocyte Feedback. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8864246. [PMID: 33299401 PMCID: PMC7704208 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8864246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal firing activity. Their abnormal state may lead to the pathological transition of neuronal firing patterns and even induce seizures. However, there is still little evidence explaining how the astrocyte network modulates seizures caused by structural abnormalities, such as gliosis. To explore the role of gliosis of the astrocyte network in epileptic seizures, we first established a direct astrocyte feedback neuronal network model on the basis of the hippocampal CA3 neuron-astrocyte model to simulate the condition of gliosis when astrocyte processes swell and the feedback to neurons increases in an abnormal state. We analyzed the firing pattern transitions of the neuronal network when astrocyte feedback starts to change via increases in both astrocyte feedback intensity and the connection probability of astrocytes to neurons in the network. The results show that as the connection probability and astrocyte feedback intensity increase, neuronal firing transforms from a nonepileptic synchronous firing state to an asynchronous firing state, and when astrocyte feedback starts to become abnormal, seizure-like firing becomes more severe and synchronized; meanwhile, the synchronization area continues to expand and eventually transforms into long-term seizure-like synchronous firing. Therefore, our results prove that astrocyte feedback can regulate the firing of the neuronal network, and when the astrocyte network develops gliosis, there will be an increase in the induction rate of epileptic seizures.
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Zhang H, Shen Z, Zhao Q, Yan L, Du L, Deng Z. Dynamic Transitions of Epilepsy Waveforms Induced by Astrocyte Dysfunction and Electrical Stimulation. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8867509. [PMID: 33281896 PMCID: PMC7685866 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that astrocytes participate in epilepsy through inducing the release of glutamate. Meanwhile, considering the disinhibition circuit among inhibitory neuronal populations with different time scales and the feedforward inhibition connection from thalamic relay nucleus to cortical inhibitory neuronal population, here, we propose a modified thalamocortical field model to systematically investigate the mechanism of epilepsy. Firstly, our results show that rich firing activities can be induced by astrocyte dysfunction, including high or low saturated state, high- or low-frequency clonic, spike-wave discharge (SWD), and tonic. More importantly, with the enhancement of feedforward inhibition connection, SWD and tonic oscillations will disappear. In other words, all these pathological waveforms can be suppressed or eliminated. Then, we explore the control effects after different external stimulations applying to thalamic neuronal population. We find that single-pulse stimulation can not only suppress but also induce pathological firing patterns, such as SWD, tonic, and clonic oscillations. And we further verify that deep brain stimulation can control absence epilepsy by regulating the amplitude and pulse width of stimulation. In addition, based on our modified model, 3 : 2 coordinated reset stimulation strategies with different intensities are compared and a more effective and safer stimulation mode is proposed. Our conclusions are expected to give more theoretical insights into the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhuan Shen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qiangui Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Luyao Yan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lin Du
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zichen Deng
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Saft C, Speckmann EJ. Antiepileptic effects of cobalt, manganese and magnesium on bicuculline-induced epileptiform activity in hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146684. [PMID: 32001242 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium signaling is described as a relevant factor in synchronization of neurons and increased excitability in epileptogenesis. Aim of the present investigations was to test the antiepileptic effect of the classical inorganic calcium channel blockers cobalt (Co2+), manganese (Mn2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). METHODS Experiments were carried out on hippocampal slices of guinea pigs. Epileptiform field potentials (EFP) were elicited by adding bicuculline (10 µmol/l) to the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Kalium was elevated from normal (4 mmol/l) to 8 mmol/l. Co2+ (CoCl2; 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mmol/l), Mn2+ (MnCl2; 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mmol/l) and Mg2+ (MgCl2; 8, 6, 5, 4 and 2 mmol/l) were added to the superfusate. RESULTS Concentrations of 2, 1 and 0.5 mmol/l Co2+, 2 and 1 mmol/l Mn2+ and 8 respectively 6 mmol/l Mg2+ were able to suppress EFP sufficient in a dose dependent manner. In concentrations of 0.1 mmol/l Co2+, 0.5 mmol/l and 0.1 mmol/l Mn2+ and 5 respectively 4 and 2 mmol/l Mg2+ suppression was incomplete. With washout of the inorganic calcium channel blockers the EFP reappeared. DISCUSSION All tree inorganic calcium channel blockers were able to suppress EFP in a dosage dependent and reversible manner. Weak reappearance of EFP after washout of Co2+ might be due to additional cytotoxic effects. The following mechanisms may contribute: i) blockade of voltage-activated calcium channels in the postsynaptic membrane, ii) changes in the activation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, iii) blockade of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Saft
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Erwin-Josef Speckmann
- Institut für Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Robert-Koch Str. 27a, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Sharma Y, Saha S, Joseph A, Krishnan H, Raghu P. In vitro human stem cell derived cultures to monitor calcium signaling in neuronal development and function. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:16. [PMID: 32195361 PMCID: PMC7076282 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15626.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the human brain involves multiple cellular processes including cell division, migration, and dendritic growth. These processes are triggered by developmental cues and lead to interactions of neurons and glial cells to derive the final complex organization of the brain. Developmental cues are transduced into cellular processes through the action of multiple intracellular second messengers including calcium. Calcium signals in cells are shaped by large number of proteins and mutations in several of these have been reported in human patients with brain disorders. However, the manner in which such mutations impact human brain development in vivo remains poorly understood. A key limitation in this regard is the need for a model system in which calcium signaling can be studied in neurons of patients with specific brain disorders. Here we describe a protocol to differentiate human neural stem cells into cortical neuronal networks that can be maintained as live cultures up to 120 days in a dish. Our protocol generates a 2D in vitro culture that exhibits molecular features of several layers of the human cerebral cortex. Using fluorescence imaging of intracellular calcium levels, we describe the development of neuronal activity as measured by intracellular calcium transients during development in vitro. These transients were dependent on the activity of voltage gated calcium channels and were abolished by blocking sodium channel activity. Using transcriptome analysis, we describe the full molecular composition of such cultures following differentiation in vitro thus offering an insight into the molecular basis of activity. Our approach will facilitate the understanding of calcium signaling defects during cortical neuron development in patients with specific brain disorders and a mechanistic analysis of these defects using genetic manipulations coupled with cell biological and physiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojet Sharma
- Cellular Organization and Signalling, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Sankhanil Saha
- Cellular Organization and Signalling, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Annu Joseph
- Cellular Organization and Signalling, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Cellular Organization and Signalling, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Padinjat Raghu
- Cellular Organization and Signalling, National Centre for Biological Sciences - TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
- Brain Development and Disease Mechanisms, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
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Royero PX, Higa GSV, Kostecki DS, Dos Santos BA, Almeida C, Andrade KA, Kinjo ER, Kihara AH. Ryanodine receptors drive neuronal loss and regulate synaptic proteins during epileptogenesis. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113213. [PMID: 31987836 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a clinical emergency that can lead to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The development and maintenance of spontaneous seizures in TLE are linked to calcium (Ca+2)-dependent processes such as neuronal cell loss and pathological synaptic plasticity. It has been shown that SE produces an increase in ryanodine receptor-dependent intracellular Ca+2 levels in hippocampal neurons, which remain elevated during the progression of the disease. However, the participation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the neuronal loss and circuitry rewiring that take place in the hippocampus after SE remains unknown. In this context, we first investigated the functional role of RyRs on the expression of synaptic and plasticity-related proteins during epileptogenesis induced by pilocarpine in Wistar rats. Intrahippocampal injection of dantrolene, a selective pharmacological blocker of RyRs, caused the increase of the presynaptic protein synapsin I (SYN) and synaptophysin (SYP) 48 h after SE induction. Specifically, we observed that SYN and SYP were regulated in hippocampal regions known to receive synaptic inputs, revealing that RyRs could be involved in network changes and/or neuronal protection after SE induction. In order to investigate whether the changes in SYN and SYP were related to neuroplastic changes that could contribute to pathological processes that occur after SE, we evaluated the levels of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus (DG). Interestingly, we observed that although SE induced the appearance of intense ARC-positive cells, dantrolene treatment did not change the levels of ARC in both western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Accordingly, in the same experimental conditions, we were not able to detect changes in the levels of both pre- and post-synaptic plasticity-related proteins, growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), respectively. Additionally, the density of mossy fiber sprouting in the DG was not increased by dantrolene treatment. We next examined the effects of intrahippocampal injection of dantrolene on neurodegeneration. Notably, dantrolene promoted neuroprotective effects by decreasing neuronal cell loss in CA1 and CA3, which explains the increased levels of synaptic proteins, and the apparent lack of positive effect on pathological plasticity. Taken together, our results revealed that RyRs may have a major role in the hippocampal neurodegeneration associated to the development of acquired epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Xavier Royero
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane Soares Kostecki
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Araújo Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cayo Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kézia Accioly Andrade
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Reime Kinjo
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Miterauer B, Baer W. Disorders of human consciousness in the Tri-partite synapses. Med Hypotheses 2020; 136:109523. [PMID: 31927223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conscious Action Theory extends quantum theory to macroscopic phenomena and suggests physical correlates of consciousness occur at the intersection of external measurement signals and internally generated signals from memories that model the outside world. This physical theory predicts conscious phenomena happen at all scales and differ only by the size and complexity of material organizations involved. At the scale of the human "Brain" consciousness is predicted to happen where the processing loop of activity in the Glial network interfaces with the real world input-output processing loop of the Nuronal network. This happens at the Tripartite synapses creating an intersection plenum in biological systems that produces the experience of empty space and the objects it contains. Analysis of the transmitter-receptor strengths implementing the control and feedback between the Glial and Neuronal networks indicate imbalances can be directly related to schizophrenia, mania, epilepsy, and depression. This paper addresses three topics supporting the above mechanisms for normal consciousness functioning and its medical deviations. First we preset the architecture of a pan-psychic physical theory, which supports the hypothesis that tri-partite synapses are the location of human conscious experience. Second we discuss the inner workings of the Glial network to support long term memory and control functions corresponding to the inner feeling of the "I" self. Third, we consider the relation between psychiatric conditions and the balance states between the number of neuronal transmitters and astrocytic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miterauer
- University of Salzburg, Volitronics-Institute, Wals, Austria
| | - W Baer
- Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
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Hammer MF, Sprissler R, Bina RW, Lau B, Johnstone L, Walter CM, Labiner DM, Weinand ME. Altered expression of signaling pathways regulating neuronal excitability in hippocampal tissue of temporal lobe epilepsy patients with low and high seizure frequency. Epilepsy Res 2019; 155:106145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shi X, He W, Guo S, Zhang B, Ren S, Liu K, Sun T, Cui J. RNA-seq Analysis of the SCN1A-KO Model based on CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology. Neuroscience 2018; 398:1-11. [PMID: 30529264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a disease that is primarily caused by the inactivation of the SCN1A-encoded voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit (Nav1.1). In this study, we constructed an SCN1A gene knockout model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to deprive the Nav1.1 function in vitro. With mRNA-seq analysis we found abundant gene changes after SCN1A knockout, which associated with various signaling pathways, such as cancer pathways, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and pathways involved in HTLV-I infection. We also noticed changes in the spliceosome, decreased glycolytic capacity, disturbances in calcium signaling pathways, and changes in the potassium, sodium, chloride, and calcium plasma channels after SCN1A knockout. In this study, we have been the first time to discover these changes and summarize them here and hope it would provide some clue for the study of Nav1.1 in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Shi
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenxin He
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bingying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuanglai Ren
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianqi Cui
- The Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Golgi-specific DHHC type zinc finger protein is decreased in neurons of intractable epilepsy patients and pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1157-1165. [PMID: 29994811 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Golgi-specific DHHC type zinc finger protein (GODZ) is a member of the DHHC protein family, and its enzymatic activity is regulated by fibroblast growth factor or Src kinase-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. In cultured neurons, GODZ affects the numbers of calcium ions channels, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors, N-methy-D-aspartate receptors, and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors on postsynaptic membrane by palmitoylation, thus modulating synaptic plasticity. As the change in synaptic plasticity plays a role in epilepsy, GODZ may play roles in epilepsy. However, the expression of GODZ has never been investigated in brain tissues in vivo, and its change during epilepsy is still unclear. In this study, the cellular distribution of GODZ in brain tissues of both patients and rats was determined using double-labeled immunofluorescence and the levels of GODZ protein and mRNA among intractable epilepsy patients, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled rats, and controls were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. GODZ expression was identified on cytomembranes and in the cytoplasm of neurons in the temporal neocortex of intractable epilepsy patients and in the hippocampus and the adjacent temporal cortex of PTZ-kindled rats, but not in astrocytes. Decreased GODZ protein and mRNA were identified in brain tissues of intractable epilepsy patients and PTZ-kindled rats compared with the controls. In conclusion, GODZ is expressed in neurons, but not astrocytes, and epilepsy may reduce the protein and mRNA levels of GODZ, indicating a possible role of GODZ in the pathogenesis or the pathophysiology of epilepsy.
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Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels, Calcium Binding Proteins, and Their Interaction in the Pathological Process of Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092735. [PMID: 30213136 PMCID: PMC6164075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important second messenger, the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays a vital role in normal brain function and in the pathophysiological process of different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and epilepsy. Ca2+ takes part in the regulation of neuronal excitability, and the imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ is a trigger factor for the occurrence of epilepsy. Several anti-epileptic drugs target voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). Intracellular Ca2+ levels are mainly controlled by VDCCs located in the plasma membrane, the calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) inside the cytoplasm, calcium channels located on the intracellular calcium store (particular the endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum), and the Ca2+-pumps located in the plasma membrane and intracellular calcium store. So far, while many studies have established the relationship between calcium control factors and epilepsy, the mechanism of various Ca2+ regulatory factors in epileptogenesis is still unknown. In this paper, we reviewed the function, distribution, and alteration of VDCCs and CBPs in the central nervous system in the pathological process of epilepsy. The interaction of VDCCs with CBPs in the pathological process of epilepsy was also summarized. We hope this review can provide some clues for better understanding the mechanism of epileptogenesis, and for the development of new anti-epileptic drugs targeting on VDCCs and CBPs.
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Hussain G, Rasul A, Anwar H, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Wei W, Ali M, Li J, Li X. Role of Plant Derived Alkaloids and Their Mechanism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:341-357. [PMID: 29559851 PMCID: PMC5859479 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are conventionally demarcated as disorders with selective loss of neurons. Conventional as well as newer molecules have been tested but they offer just symptomatic advantages along with abundant side effects. The discovery of more compelling molecules that can halt the pathology of these diseases will be considered as a miracle of present time. Several synthetic compounds are available but they may cause several other health issues. Therefore, natural molecules from the plants and other sources are being discovered to replace available medicines. In conventional medicational therapies, several plants have been reported to bestow remedial effects. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants can provide a better and safer alternative to synthetic molecules. Many phytochemicals have been identified that cure the human body from a number of diseases. The present article reviews the potential efficacy of plant-derived alkaloids, which possess potential therapeutic effects against several NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, and stroke. Alkaloids include isoquinoline, indole, pyrroloindole, oxindole, piperidine, pyridine, aporphine, vinca, β-carboline, methylxanthene, lycopodium, and erythrine byproducts. Alkaloids constitute positive roles in ameliorating pathophysiology of these illnesses by functioning as muscarinic and adenosine receptors agonists, anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid and MAO inhibitors, acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, and NMDA antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science. 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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New differentially expressed genes and differential DNA methylation underlying refractory epilepsy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87402-87416. [PMID: 27903967 PMCID: PMC5349997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics underlying refractory epilepsy is poorly understood, especially in patients without distinctive genetic alterations. DNA methylation may affect gene expression in epilepsy without affecting DNA sequences. Herein, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in brain tissues of 10 patients with refractory epilepsy using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation linked with sequencing and mRNA Sequencing. Diverse distribution of differentially methylated genes was found in X chromosome, while differentially methylated genes appeared rarely in Y chromosome. 62 differentially expressed genes, such as MMP19, AZGP1, DES, and LGR6 were correlated with refractory epilepsy for the first time. Although general trends of differentially enriched gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways in this study are consistent with previous researches, differences also exist in many specific gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways. These findings provide a new genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression in brain tissues of patients with refractory epilepsy, which may provide a basis for further study on the etiology and mechanisms of refractory epilepsy.
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mTOR-related neuropathology in mutant tsc2 zebrafish: Phenotypic, transcriptomic and pharmacological analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 108:225-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Rybka S, Obniska J, Żmudzki P, Koczurkiewicz P, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Pękala E, Bryła A, Rapacz A. Synthesis and Determination of Lipophilicity, Anticonvulsant Activity, and Preliminary Safety of 3-Substituted and 3-Unsubstituted N-[(4-Arylpiperazin-1-yl)alkyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1848-1856. [PMID: 29045762 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,3-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents are described. Initial pharmacological screening of these compounds was performed by using acute models of seizures (MES and scPTZ tests) in mice after intraperitoneal administration. Quantitative pharmacological research revealed that the most promising compounds were N-[{4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl}propyl]-3-benzhydrylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione monohydrochloride (11) with a ED50 value of 75.9 mg kg-1 (MES test) and N-[{4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl}ethyl]-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione monohydrochloride (18) with ED50 =88.2 mg kg-1 (MES test) and ED50 =65.7 kg mg-1 (scPTZ test). These compounds displayed a more beneficial protective index than well-known antiepileptic drugs. A plausible mechanism of action of compounds 11 and 18 [molecule 11 blocked the sodium channel (site 2) and 18 blocked both the sodium (site 2) and L-type calcium channels] and their preliminary safety in vitro were evaluated. Besides, the lipophilicity of all synthesized compounds was determined by using UPLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Rybka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Obniska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Bryła
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and neurotransmitters signaling in epilepsy: An insight review. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:271-279. [PMID: 29129776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. Numerous studies have suggested that an imbalance in glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurotransmitter system is one of the dominating pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of seizures. Further, this alteration in GABAergic and glutamatergic system disrupts the delicate balance of other neurotransmitters system in the brain. Emerging strides have documented the protective role of GLP-1 signaling on altered neurotransmitters signaling in Epilepsy and associated co-morbidities. GLP-1 is neuropeptide and synthesized by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the brain. GLP-1 receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain including hippocampus (CA3 and CA1 region) and implicated in various neurological disorders like Epilepsy. A complete understanding of alteration in neurotransmitters signaling will provide essential insight into the basic pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and may uncover novel targets for future drug therapies. Presently, treatment of epilepsy is palliative in nature, providing only symptomatic relief to patients. The apparent or traditional approach of treating epileptic subjects with anti-epileptic drugs is associated with variety of adverse effects. Therefore, alternative approaches that can restore altered neurotransmitter signaling are being tried and adopted. Present review is an attempt to highlight the emerging protective role of GLP-1 signaling on altered neurotransmitters signaling in epilepsy. Authors have made significant efforts to discuss effect of various GLP-1 analogs on various neurotransmitters system and associated molecular and cellular pathways as a potential drug target for the management of epilepsy and associated co-morbidities. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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SUMOylation and calcium signalling: potential roles in the brain and beyond. Neuronal Signal 2017; 1:NS20160010. [PMID: 32714579 PMCID: PMC7373246 DOI: 10.1042/ns20160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation (or SUMOylation) is a post-translational protein modification implicated in alterations to protein expression, localization and function. Despite a number of nuclear roles for SUMO being well characterized, this process has only started to be explored in relation to membrane proteins, such as ion channels. Calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling is crucial for the normal functioning of cells and is also involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying relevant neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Intracellular Ca2+ levels are tightly regulated; at rest, most Ca2+ is retained in organelles, such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or in the extracellular space, whereas depolarization triggers a series of events leading to Ca2+ entry, followed by extrusion and reuptake. The mechanisms that maintain Ca2+ homoeostasis are candidates for modulation at the post-translational level. Here, we review the effects of protein SUMOylation, including Ca2+ channels, their proteome and other proteins associated with Ca2+ signalling, on vital cellular functions, such as neurotransmission within the central nervous system (CNS) and in additional systems, most prominently here, in the cardiac system.
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