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Krumhansl KA, Brooks CM, Lowen JB, O’Brien JM, Wong MC, DiBacco C. Loss, resilience and recovery of kelp forests in a region of rapid ocean warming. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:73-92. [PMID: 37952103 PMCID: PMC10921841 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in kelp abundances on regional scales have been highly variable over the past half-century owing to strong effects of local and regional drivers. Here, we assess patterns and dominant environmental variables causing spatial and interspecific variability in kelp persistence and resilience to change in Nova Scotia over the past 40 years. METHODS We conducted a survey of macrophyte abundance at 251 sites spanning the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia from 2019 to 2022. We use this dataset to describe spatial variability in kelp species abundances, compare species occurrences to surveys conducted in 1982 and assess changes in kelp abundance over the past 22 years. We then relate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance and resilience to environmental metrics. KEY RESULTS Our results show losses of sea urchins and the cold-tolerant kelp species Alaria esculenta, Saccorhiza dermatodea and Agarum clathratum in Nova Scotia since 1982 in favour of the more warm-tolerant kelps Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata. Kelp abundances have increased slightly since 2000, and Saccharina latissima and L. digitata are widely abundant in the region today. The highest kelp cover occurs on wave-exposed shores and at sites where temperatures have remained below thresholds for growth (21 °C) and mortality (23 °C). Moreover, kelp has recovered from turf dominance following losses at some sites during a warm period from 2010 to 2012. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that dramatic changes in kelp community composition and a loss of sea urchin herbivory as a dominant driver of change in the system have occurred in Nova Scotia over the past 40 years. However, a broad-scale shift to turf-dominance has not occurred, as predicted, and our results suggest that resilience and persistence are still a feature of kelp forests in the region despite rapid warming over the past several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Krumhansl
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - C M Brooks
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - J B Lowen
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - J M O’Brien
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - M C Wong
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - C DiBacco
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
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Cheung-Wong RWY, Kotta J, Hemraj DA, Russell BD. Persistence in a tropical transition zone? Sargassum forests alternate seasonal growth forms to maintain productivity in warming waters at the expense of annual biomass production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158154. [PMID: 35995150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal forests provide productivity and biomass that underpins the function of many coastal ecosystems globally. The phenology of forests is seasonally driven by environmental conditions, with the environment-productivity relationship understood for most coastlines of the world. Climatic transition zones, however, have characteristics of temperate and tropical regions, creating large fluctuations in environmental conditions, and potentially limiting productivity and the persistence of macroalgal forests. The response of a forest-forming, dimorphic seaweed (Sargassum hemiphyllum) to seasonal temperature and light conditions in a rapidly warming tropical-temperate transitional zone (Hong Kong) was quantified by measuring in situ growth, net primary productivity (NPP), respiration, and photosynthetic potential. These physiological responses of S. hemiphyllum were then experimentally tested in response to changing temperatures (16.5-27 °C) and irradiances (20, 110, and 300 μmol m-2 s-1) in laboratory mesocosms. In contrast to predictions, S. hemiphyllum demonstrated asynchronous NPP and growth patterns, with growth maximized in cooler conditions but, counter-intuitively, highest photosynthetic rates in summer after annual senescence and dormancy were established. This discrepancy between peak photosynthetic rates and growth may provide regional populations of S. hemiphyllum the ability to survive higher temperatures in the near future, resisting the predicted range shifts under ocean warming. In contrast, warming is likely to drive a shorter growth season, longer dormancy, and reduced annual biomass production in bi-phasic seaweeds inhabiting climatic transition zones, potentially reducing system-wide productivity of these algal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhyn W Y Cheung-Wong
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Deevesh A Hemraj
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bayden D Russell
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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3
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Picard MMM, Johnson LE, Côté IM. Effects of sediment on spore performance as a potential constraint on kelp distribution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114336. [PMID: 36372050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kelp habitats contribute to marine productivity and diversity, making understanding the constraints on their distribution important. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Alaria esculenta occupies a subset of Saccharina latissima's range. Since tolerance to sedimentation by early life stages was suggested to cause this contrasting distribution, we tested the influence of sediment levels on spore attachment and development. For both species, the proportion of attached spores that developed decreased with increasing sediment. However, spore attachment and gametophyte density increased with sediment concentration but only for Saccharina. At the maximum sediment level examined, spore attachment and gametophyte densities of the two species were similar, contrary to the idea that sediment effects on early life stages explain differences in adult distribution. Further investigation, particularly with higher sediment loads, is required to confirm this conclusion. As turbidity is increasing globally, understanding the mechanisms underpinning changes in seaweed distribution will facilitate appropriate local-scale management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon M M Picard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ladd E Johnson
- Québec-Océan, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle M Côté
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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High Ecophysiological Plasticity of Desmarestia aculeata (Phaeophyceae) Present in an Arctic Fjord under Varying Salinity and Irradiance Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101499. [PMID: 36290403 PMCID: PMC9598539 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The seaweed Desmarestia aculeata (Phaeophyceae) is distributed in the temperate zone of the North Atlantic up to the Arctic, where it is exposed to a high Arctic light regime and fluctuating salinity conditions resulting from glacial and terrestrial run-off. Information on how this species is able to thrive under current and future Arctic conditions is scarce. During the Arctic summer of 2019, D. aculeata was collected in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78.9° N, 11.9° E) to investigate its physiological and biochemical responses to variations in salinity (salinities: 34, 28 and 18) and daily cycles of irradiance (50-500 μmol photons m-2s-1) at 0 °C over 21 days. The species revealed effective short-term acclimation to both abiotic drivers. Maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) fluctuated with the light cycle at a salinity of 34, while the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) significantly differed between salinities of 28 and 18. Chlorophyll a and β-Carotene remained at high concentrations in all treatments showing pronounced acclimation during the experiment. High mannitol concentrations were measured throughout the experiment, while phlorotannins were high at low salinity. Hyposalinity and light are interacting drivers of the physiological and biochemical acclimation process for D. aculeata. Our experiment highlights the high ecophysiological plasticity of D. aculeata, suggesting that the species will likely be capable of withstanding future habitat changes in the Arctic.
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Borburema HDS, Yokoya NS, Souza JMCD, Nauer F, Barbosa-Silva MS, Marinho-Soriano E. Ocean warming and increased salinity threaten Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) species from genetically divergent populations. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105662. [PMID: 35642998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have resulted in global change, such as ocean warming and sea level rise. Increased salinity in estuaries is expected as a result of sea level rise and warming. Thus, we analysed the interactive effects of increased temperature and salinity on multiple physiological responses of Bostrychia montagnei and B. calliptera from two biogeographic provinces, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (TSA) and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (WTSA). Macroalgae were cultured under three salinities (15, 25 and 35 PSU) and three temperatures: mean sea surface temperature (SST: 27 °C for TSA and 24 °C for WTSA), an RCP8.5 ocean warming scenario (SST + 5 °C), and a maximum temperature to test the algal upper thermal tolerance limits (RCP8.5 + 2 °C). Macroalgae from both localities decreased their growth under increased temperature and salinity. RCP8.5 + 2 °C was lethal for both macroalgae from TSA. RCP8.5 and RCP8.5 + 2 °C at 35 PSU were lethal for B. calliptera from WTSA, due to the interactive effects between increased temperature and salinity. Overall, increased salinity decreased the effective quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in algal photosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that the macroalgae synthesized proteins, carbohydrates (polysaccharides and low molecular weight carbohydrates), and antioxidants to tolerate detrimental temperatures and salinities. Our results also demonstrated that the macroalgae adjusted their pigment contents (phycobiliproteins, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll a) for efficient light-harvesting under thermal and saline stress. Our findings suggest that ocean warming and increased salinity in estuaries will be detrimental to B. montagnei and B. calliptera populations from both biogeographic provinces, especially to those from TSA that already live closer to their upper thermal tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique D S Borburema
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil.
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Martinez Canuto de Souza
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Fabio Nauer
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Stephanne Barbosa-Silva
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
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Marambio J, Rosenfeld S, Bischof K. Hyposalinity affects diurnal photoacclimation patterns in the rhodophyte Palmaria palmata under mimicked Arctic summer conditions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Suebsanguan S, Strain EMA, Morris RL, Swearer SE. Optimizing the initial cultivation stages of kelp
Ecklonia radiata
for restoration. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarucha Suebsanguan
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Elisabeth M. A. Strain
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- Institute for Antarctic and Marine Science University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7004 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stephen E. Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate and School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
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Grant WS, Bringloe TT. Pleistocene Ice Ages Created New Evolutionary Lineages, but Limited Speciation in Northeast Pacific Winged Kelp. J Hered 2020; 111:593-605. [PMID: 33252684 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent that Pleistocene climate variability promoted speciation has been much debated. Here, we surveyed genetic markers in winged kelp Alaria in the Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific Ocean to understand how paleoclimates may have influenced diversity in this kelp. The study included wide geographic sampling over 2800 km and large sample sizes compared to previous studies of this kelp. Mitochondrial 5'-COI (664 bp), plastid rbcL-3' (740 bp) and 8 microsatellite markers in 16 populations resolved 5 well-defined lineages. COI-rbcL haplotypes were distributed chaotically among populations around the Gulf of Alaska. Principal Coordinates Analysis of microsatellite genotypes grouped plants largely by organellar lineage instead of geography, indicating reproductive isolation among lineages. However, microsatellite markers detected hybrids at 3 sites where lineages co-occurred. Local adaptation on various time scales may be responsible for some genetic differences between populations located along wave-energy and salinity gradients, but the chaotic pattern of variability over hundreds of kilometers is likely due to isolations in northern refugia during Pleistocene ice ages. The range of divergences between populations indicates that episodic glaciations led to the creation of new lineages, but population turnover (local extinctions and recolonizations) limited the formation of new species in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stewart Grant
- Genetics Laboratory, Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK
| | - Trevor T Bringloe
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
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Guzinski J, Ruggeri P, Ballenghien M, Mauger S, Jacquemin B, Jollivet C, Coudret J, Jaugeon L, Destombe C, Valero M. Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1503. [PMID: 33322137 PMCID: PMC7763533 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species' distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum. We explored this question in detail in the cold-tolerant kelp species Saccharina latissima, using microsatellites and double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing ( ddRAD-seq) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northernmost locality (Spitsbergen) compared to the southern ones (Northern Iberia), which we discuss in light of the current state of knowledge on phylogeography of S. latissima and the potential influence of the recent climatic changes on the population structure of this species. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We speculate on the putative adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for S. latissima in this age of rapid global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Guzinski
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Xelect ltd, Horizon House, Abbey Walk, St Andrews KY16 9LB, Scotland, UK
| | - Marion Ballenghien
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France
| | - Stephane Mauger
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Bertrand Jacquemin
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- CEVA, 83 Presqu’île de Pen Lan, 22610 Pleubian, France
| | - Chloe Jollivet
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Ecole polytechnique de Lausanne (EPFL), SV-IBI UPOATES, Route cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Coudret
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Lucie Jaugeon
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Destombe
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
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Vila Duplá M. Eelgrass-associated mesograzers limit the distribution of bloom-forming Ulva via top-down control of its early life stages. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105061. [PMID: 32745813 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal blooms pose a threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide, especially in highly eutrophic environments. Excess nutrients often facilitate the proliferation of opportunistic algae, but in some systems grazing activity counterbalances its effects. I evaluated the regulating role of mesograzers associated with eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Elkhorn Slough, a eutrophic estuary where Ulva spp. blooms are frequent during the upwelling season. I monitored recruitment and transplant success of Ulva spp. along transects placed across the edge of the largest Z. marina bed. Changes in abundance of Ulva spp. on transplants differed spatially and seasonally, and were significantly correlated with density of both small and large invertebrate groups. Grazing affected not only adult Ulva spp. but also its early developmental stages, leading to decreased Ulva spp. abundance on transplants and minimal recruitment inside the Z. marina bed.
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11
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Ebbing A, Pierik R, Bouma T, Kromkamp JC, Timmermans K. How light and biomass density influence the reproduction of delayed Saccharina latissima gametophytes (Phaeophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:709-718. [PMID: 32108344 PMCID: PMC7318604 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kelp life-cycle transitions are complex and susceptible to various (a)biotic controls. Understanding the microscopic part of the kelp's lifecycle is of key importance, as gametophytes form a critical phase influencing, among others, the distributional limits of the species. Many environmental controls have been identified that affect kelp gametogenesis, whose interactive effects can be subtle and counterintuitive. Here we performed a fully factorial experiment on the (interactive) influences of light intensity, light quality, and the Initial Gametophyte Density (IGD) on Saccharina latissima reproduction and vegetative growth of delayed gametophytes. A total of 144 cultures were followed over a period of 21 d. The IGD was a key determinant for reproductive success, with increased IGDs (≥0.04 mg DW · mL-1 ) practically halting reproduction. Interestingly, the effects of IGDs were not affected by nutrient availability, suggesting a resource-independent effect of density on reproduction. The Photosynthetically Usable Radiation (PUR), overarching the quantitative contribution of both light intensity and light quality, correlated with both reproduction and vegetative growth. The PUR furthermore specifies that the contribution of light quality, as a lifecycle control, is a matter of absorbed photon flux instead of color signaling. We hypothesize that (i) the number of photons absorbed, independent of their specific wavelength, and (ii) IGD interactions, independent of nutrient availability, are major determinants of reproduction in S. latissima gametophytes. These insights help understand kelp gametophyte development and dispersal under natural conditions, while also aiding the control of in vitro gametophyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ebbing
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchPO Box 1404401 NTYersekeThe Netherlands
- Department Ocean EcosystemsUniversity of GroningenPO Box 729700 ABGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchPO Box 1404401 NTYersekeThe Netherlands
- Department Ocean EcosystemsUniversity of GroningenPO Box 729700 ABGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacco C. Kromkamp
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchPO Box 1404401 NTYersekeThe Netherlands
- Department Ocean EcosystemsUniversity of GroningenPO Box 729700 ABGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchPO Box 1404401 NTYersekeThe Netherlands
- Department Ocean EcosystemsUniversity of GroningenPO Box 729700 ABGroningenThe Netherlands
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Diehl N, Karsten U, Bischof K. Impacts of combined temperature and salinity stress on the endemic Arctic brown seaweed Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMacroalgae such as kelp are important ecosystem engineers in the Polar Regions and potentially affected by freshening and ocean warming. The endemic Arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula might be particularly imperiled and become locally extinct from Arctic fjord systems in the future, since temperature increase is most pronounced in the Polar Regions. Additionally, increased temperatures cause glacier and sea ice melting and enhancing terrestrial run-off from snowfields, which eventually can result in hyposaline conditions in fjord systems. We conducted a multiple-stressor experiment at four temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 °C) and two salinities (SA 25, 35) to investigate the combined effects of increasing temperature and decreasing salinities on the physiological and biochemical status of young L. solidungula sporophytes. Both drivers had significant and interacting impacts, either in an additive or antagonistic way, dependent on the respective response variable. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) significantly declined with temperature increase and low salinity. Even though the absolute pigment content was not affected, the deepoxydation state of the xanthophyll cycle increased with intensified stress. Higher temperatures affected the C:N ratio significantly, mainly due to reduced nitrogen uptake, while SA 25 supported the nitrogen uptake, resulting in an attenuation of the effect. The concentration of mannitol decreased at SA 25. At control SA 35 mannitol level remained steady between 0 and 10 °C but significantly decreased at 15 °C. Conclusively, our results show that L. solidungula is very susceptible to both drivers of climate change, especially when they are combined. Implications to species ecology are discussed.
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Li H, Monteiro C, Heinrich S, Bartsch I, Valentin K, Harms L, Glöckner G, Corre E, Bischof K. Responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) to the warming Arctic: from physiology to transcriptomics. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:5-26. [PMID: 31267544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic region is currently facing substantial environmental changes due to global warming. Melting glaciers cause reduced salinity environments in coastal Arctic habitats, which may be stressful for kelp beds. To investigate the responses of the kelp Saccharina latissima to the warming Arctic, we studied the transcriptomic changes of S. latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) over a 24-hour exposure to two salinities (Absolute Salinity [SA ] 20 and 30) after a 7-day pre-acclimation at three temperatures (0, 8 and 15°C). In addition, corresponding physiological data were assessed during an 11-days salinity/temperature experiment. Growth and maximal quantum yield for photosystem II fluorescence were positively affected by increased temperature during acclimation, whereas hyposalinity caused negative effects at the last day of treatment. In contrast, hyposalinity induced marked changes on the transcriptomic level. Compared to the control (8°C - SA 30), the 8°C - SA 20 exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by the 0°C - SA 20. Comparisons indicate that S. latissima tends to convert its energy from primary metabolism (e.g. photosynthesis) to antioxidant activity under hyposaline stress. The increase in physiological performance at 15°C shows that S. latissima in the Arctic region can adjust and might even benefit from increased temperatures. However, in Arctic fjord environments its performance might become impaired by decreased salinity as a result of ice melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Cátia Monteiro
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, 29680, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Sandra Heinrich
- Molecular Plant Genetics, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Klaus Valentin
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Lars Harms
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, CNRS: FR2424, Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Kai Bischof
- Marine Botany, Faculty Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, Germany
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Laeseke P, Bartsch I, Bischof K. Effects of kelp canopy on underwater light climate and viability of brown algal spores in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen). Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Pereira DT, Pereira B, Fonseca A, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Álvarez-Gómez F, Figueroa FL, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL, Simioni C. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-A+UV-B) on the Antioxidant Metabolism of the Red Macroalga Species Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) From Different Salinity and Nutrient Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:999-1009. [PMID: 30811599 DOI: 10.1111/php.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen is a macroalga of great economic importance. This study evaluated the antioxidant responses of two algal populations of A. spicifera adapted to different abiotic conditions when exposed to ultraviolet-A+ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-A+UV-B). Experiments were performed using the water at two collection points for 7 days of acclimatization and 7 days of exposure to UVR (3 h per day), followed by metabolic analyses. At point 1, water of 30 ± 1 practical salinity unit (psu) had concentrations of 1.06 ± 0.27 mm NH 4 + , 8.47 ± 0.01 mm NO 3 - , 0.17 ± 0.01 mm PO 4 - 3 and pH 7.88. At point 2, water of 35 ± 1 psu had concentrations of 1.13 ± 0.05 mm NH 4 + , 3.73 ± 0.01 mm NO 3 - , 0.52 ± 0.01 mm PO 4 - 3 and pH 8.55. Chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, mycosporins, polyphenolics and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase) were evaluated. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation triggers antioxidant activity in the A. spicifera. However, such activation resulted in greater responses in samples of the point 1, with lower salinity and highest concentration of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Tomazi Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pereira
- Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fonseca
- Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Félix Álvarez-Gómez
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Felix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Éder Carlos Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Zenilda Laurita Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Ørberg SB, Krause-Jensen D, Meire L, Sejr MK. Subtidal benthic recruitment in a sub-Arctic glacial fjord system: Temporal and spatial variability and potential drivers. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Lange R, Marshall D. Ecologically relevant levels of multiple, common marine stressors suggest antagonistic effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6281. [PMID: 28740139 PMCID: PMC5524789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors associated with global change will be experienced simultaneously and may act synergistically, so attempts to estimate the capacity of marine systems to cope with global change requires a multi-stressor approach. Because recent evidence suggests that stressor effects can be context-dependent, estimates of how stressors are experienced in ecologically realistic settings will be particularly valuable. To enhance our understanding of the interplay between environmental effects and the impact of multiple stressors from both natural and anthropogenic sources, we conducted a field experiment. We explored the impact of multiple, functionally varied stressors from both natural and anthropogenic sources experienced during early life history in a common sessile marine invertebrate, Bugula neritina. Natural spatial environmental variation induced differences in conspecific densities, allowing us to test for density-driven context-dependence of stressor effects. We indeed found density-dependent effects. Under high conspecific density, individual survival increased, which offset part of the negative effects of experiencing stressors. Experiencing multiple stressors early in life history translated to a decreased survival in the field, albeit the effects were not as drastic as we expected: our results are congruent with antagonistic stressor effects. We speculate that when individual stressors are more subtle, stressor synergies become less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolanda Lange
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Dustin Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Leal PP, Hurd CL, Fernández PA, Roleda MY. Ocean acidification and kelp development: Reduced pH has no negative effects on meiospore germination and gametophyte development of Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:557-566. [PMID: 28164308 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans is causing a reduction in the pH of the surface waters termed ocean acidification (OA). This could have substantial effects on marine coastal environments where fleshy (non-calcareous) macroalgae are dominant primary producers and ecosystem engineers. Few OA studies have focused on the early life stages of large macroalgae such as kelps. This study evaluated the effects of seawater pH on the ontogenic development of meiospores of the native kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida, in south-eastern New Zealand. Meiospores of both kelps were released into four seawater pH treatments (pHT 7.20, extreme OA predicted for 2300; pHT 7.65, OA predicted for 2100; pHT 8.01, ambient pH; and pHT 8.40, pre-industrial pH) and cultured for 15 d. Meiospore germination, germling growth rate, and gametophyte size and sex ratio were monitored and measured. Exposure to reduced pHT (7.20 and 7.65) had positive effects on germling growth rate and gametophyte size in both M. pyrifera and U. pinnatifida, whereas, higher pHT (8.01 and 8.40) reduced the gametophyte size in both kelps. Sex ratio of gametophytes of both kelps was biased toward females under all pHT treatments, except for U. pinnatifida at pHT 7.65. Germling growth rate under OA was significantly higher in M. pyrifera compared to U. pinnatifida but gametophyte development was equal for both kelps under all seawater pHT treatments, indicating that the microscopic stages of the native M. pyrifera and the invasive U. pinnatifida will respond similarly to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo P Leal
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Catriona L Hurd
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Pamela A Fernández
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Michael Y Roleda
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Kudalsveien 6, 8049, Bodø, Norway
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19
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Navarro NP, Huovinen P, Gómez I. Stress tolerance of Antarctic macroalgae in the early life stages. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-016-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Survival of early life history stages of Arctic kelps (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) under multifactorial global change scenarios. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Sensitivity and Acclimation of Three Canopy-Forming Seaweeds to UVB Radiation and Warming. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143031. [PMID: 26630025 PMCID: PMC4668109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canopy-forming seaweeds, as primary producers and foundation species, provide key ecological services. Their responses to multiple stressors associated with climate change could therefore have important knock-on effects on the functioning of coastal ecosystems. We examined interactive effects of UVB radiation and warming on juveniles of three habitat-forming subtidal seaweeds from Western Australia–Ecklonia radiata, Scytothalia dorycarpa and Sargassum sp. Fronds were incubated for 14 days at 16–30°C with or without UVB radiation and growth, health status, photosynthetic performance, and light absorbance measured. Furthermore, we used empirical models from the metabolic theory of ecology to evaluate the sensitivity of these important seaweeds to ocean warming. Results indicated that responses to UVB and warming were species specific, with Sargassum showing highest tolerance to a broad range of temperatures. Scytothalia was most sensitive to elevated temperature based on the reduced maximum quantum yields of PSII; however, Ecklonia was most sensitive, according to the comparison of activation energy calculated from Arrhenius’ model. UVB radiation caused reduction in the growth, physiological responses and thallus health in all three species. Our findings indicate that Scytothalia was capable of acclimating in response to UVB and increasing its light absorption efficiency in the UV bands, probably by up-regulating synthesis of photoprotective compounds. The other two species did not acclimate over the two weeks of exposure to UVB. Overall, UVB and warming would severely inhibit the growth and photosynthesis of these canopy-forming seaweeds and decrease their coverage. Differences in the sensitivity and acclimation of major seaweed species to temperature and UVB may alter the balance between species in future seaweed communities under climate change.
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Stress physiology and reproductive phenology of Arctic endemic kelp Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lütz C, Di Piazza L, Fredersdorf J, Bischof K. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on cellular ultrastructure and photosystem II quantum yield of Alaria esculenta (L.) Greville from Spitsbergen (Norway). Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Gordillo FJL, Aguilera J, Wiencke C, Jiménez C. Ocean acidification modulates the response of two Arctic kelps to ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 173:41-50. [PMID: 25462077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of ocean acidification and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been studied in the kelps Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard), two major components of the Arctic macroalgal community, in order to assess their potential to thrive in a changing environment. Overall results revealed synergistic effects, however with a different amplitude in the respective species. Changes in growth, internal N, C:N ratio, pigments, optimum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rates (ETR) following CO2 enrichment and/or UVR were generally more pronounced in S. latissima than in A. esculenta. The highest growth rates were recorded under simultaneous CO2 enrichment and UVR in both species. UVR-mediated changes in pigment content were partially prevented under elevated CO2 in both species. Similarly, UVR led to increased photosynthetic efficiency (α) and ETR only if CO2 was not elevated in A. esculenta and even under high CO2 in S. latissima. Increased CO2 did not inhibit external carbonic anhydrase (eCA) activity in the short-term but in the mid-term, indicating a control through acclimation of photosynthesis rather than a direct inhibition of eCA by CO2. The higher benefit of simultaneous CO2 enrichment and UVR for S. latissima respect to A. esculenta seems to involve higher C and N assimilation efficiency, as well as higher ETR, despite a more sensitive Fv/Fm. The differential responses shown by these two species indicate that ongoing ocean acidification and UVR could potentially change the dominance at lower depths (4-6m), which will eventually drive changes at the community level in the Arctic coastal ecosystem. These results support an existing consideration of S. latissima as a winner species in the global change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J L Gordillo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - José Aguilera
- Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Rodil IF, Lucena-Moya P, Olabarria C, Arenas F. Alteration of Macroalgal Subsidies by Climate-Associated Stressors Affects Behavior of Wrack-Reliant Beach Consumers. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Burdett HL, Hatton AD, Kamenos NA. Effects of reduced salinity on the photosynthetic characteristics and intracellular DMSP concentrations of the red coralline alga, Lithothamnion glaciale. MARINE BIOLOGY 2015; 162:1077-1085. [PMID: 25960574 PMCID: PMC4412205 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-015-2650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mid- to high-latitude fjordic coastal environments experience naturally variable salinity regimes. Climate projections suggest that freshwater input into the coastal ocean will increase in the future, exposing coastal organisms to further periods of reduced salinity. This study investigated the effect of low salinity on Lithothamnion glaciale, a red coralline alga found in mid- to high-latitude fjordic regions, during a 21-day experiment. Specific measurements included: the intracellular concentration of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP, an algal secondary metabolite and major precursor to the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide), pigment composition and photosynthetic characteristics. No significant difference in intracellular DMSP concentrations was observed between treatments, suggesting that the primary function for DMSP in L. glaciale is not as a compatible solute, perhaps favouring an antioxidant role . Photosynthetic parameters (including pigment composition) exhibited a mixed response, suggesting some degree of photosynthetic resilience to reduced salinity. This study provides evidence of intracellular mechanisms adopted by L. glaciale in response to reduced salinity. This has significant implications for the survival of L. glaciale under a projected freshening scenario and provides organism-level detail to ecosystem-level projected changes should lower-salinity conditions become more frequent and more intense in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L. Burdett
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Nicholas A. Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Brodie J, Williamson CJ, Smale DA, Kamenos NA, Mieszkowska N, Santos R, Cunliffe M, Steinke M, Yesson C, Anderson KM, Asnaghi V, Brownlee C, Burdett HL, Burrows MT, Collins S, Donohue PJC, Harvey B, Foggo A, Noisette F, Nunes J, Ragazzola F, Raven JA, Schmidt DN, Suggett D, Teichberg M, Hall-Spencer JM. The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2787-98. [PMID: 25077027 PMCID: PMC4113300 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Brodie
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Christopher J Williamson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff UniversityMain Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the UKCitadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of SouthamptonWaterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- Marine Biological Association of the UKCitadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Rui Santos
- Marine Plant Ecology Research Group (ALGAE), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of AlgarveCampus of Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Michael Cunliffe
- Marine Biological Association of the UKCitadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Michael Steinke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of EssexColchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Christopher Yesson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonRegent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Kathryn M Anderson
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia#4200-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association of the UKCitadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Heidi L Burdett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | | | - Sinead Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of EdinburghThe King's Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Penelope J C Donohue
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ben Harvey
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Andrew Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth UniversityPL4 8AA, UK
| | - Fanny Noisette
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, UMR 7144Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff Cedex, 29688, France
| | - Joana Nunes
- Plymouth Marine LaboratoryProspect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Federica Ragazzola
- School of Earth Sciences, University of BristolWills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daniela N Schmidt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of BristolWills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - David Suggett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of EssexColchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Marine TropenökologieFahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Sciences and Engineering, Plymouth UniversityPL4 8AA, UK
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Mohring MB, Kendrick GA, Wernberg T, Rule MJ, Vanderklift MA. Environmental influences on kelp performance across the reproductive period: an ecological trade-off between gametophyte survival and growth? PLoS One 2013; 8:e65310. [PMID: 23755217 PMCID: PMC3670881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most kelps (order Laminariales) exhibit distinct temporal patterns in zoospore production, gametogenesis and gametophyte reproduction. Natural fluctuations in ambient environmental conditions influence the intrinsic characteristics of gametes, which define their ability to tolerate varied conditions. The aim of this work was to document seasonal patterns in reproduction and gametophyte growth and survival of Ecklonia radiata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh in south-western Australia. These results were related to patterns in local environmental conditions in an attempt to ascertain which factors explain variation throughout the season. E. radiata was fertile (produced zoospores) for three and a half months over summer and autumn. Every two weeks during this time, gametophytes were grown in a range of temperatures (16-22 °C) in the laboratory. Zoospore densities were highly variable among sample periods; however, zoospores released early in the season produced gametophytes which had greater rates of growth and survival, and these rates declined towards the end of the reproductive season. Growth rates of gametophytes were positively related to day length, with the fastest growing recruits released when the days were longest. Gametophytes consistently survived best in the lowest temperature (16 °C), yet exhibited optimum growth in higher culture temperatures (20-22 °C). These results suggest that E. radiata releases gametes when conditions are favourable for growth, and E. radiata gametophytes are tolerant of the range of temperatures observed at this location. E. radiata releases the healthiest gametophytes when day length and temperature conditions are optimal for better germination, growth, and sporophyte production, perhaps as a mechanism to help compete against other species for space and other resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Mohring
- School of Plant Biology and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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The adaptation of Arctic phytoplankton to low light and salinity in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1085.2012.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Studer A, Poulin R. Cercarial survival in an intertidal trematode: a multifactorial experiment with temperature, salinity and ultraviolet radiation. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:243-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bartsch I, Wiencke C, Laepple T. Global Seaweed Biogeography Under a Changing Climate: The Prospected Effects of Temperature. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Häder DP, Helbling EW, Williamson CE, Worrest RC. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:242-60. [PMID: 21253662 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp90036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The health of freshwater and marine ecosystems is critical to life on Earth. The impact of solar UV-B radiation is one potential stress factor that can have a negative impact on the health of certain species within these ecosystems. Although there is a paucity of data and information regarding the effect of UV-B radiation on total ecosystem structure and function, several recent studies have addressed the effects on various species within each trophic level. Climate change, acid deposition, and changes in other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants alter UV exposure levels in inland and coastal marine waters. These factors potentially have important consequences for a variety of aquatic organisms including waterborne human pathogens. Recent results have demonstrated the negative impacts of exposure to UV-B radiation on primary producers, including effects on cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae and aquatic plants. UV-B radiation is an environmental stressor for many aquatic consumers, including zooplankton, crustaceans, amphibians, fish, and corals. Many aquatic producers and consumers rely on avoidance strategies, repair mechanisms and the synthesis of UV-absorbing substances for protection. However, there has been relatively little information generated regarding the impact of solar UV-B radiation on species composition within natural ecosystems or on the interaction of organisms between trophic levels within those ecosystems. There remains the question as to whether a decrease in population size of the more sensitive primary producers would be compensated for by an increase in the population size of more tolerant species, and therefore whether there would be a net negative impact on the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by these ecosystems. Another question is whether there would be a significant impact on the quantity and quality of nutrients cycling through the food web, including the generation of food proteins for humans. Interactive effects of UV radiation with changes in other stressors, including climate change and pollutants, are likely to be particularly important.
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