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Wei Q, Wang W, Meng F, Wang Y, Wei N, Tian J, Li H, Hao Q, Zhou Z, Liu H, Yang Z, Xiao S. The W195 Residue of the Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is Critical for Multiple Aspects of Viral Self-Regulation through Interactions between V and Nucleoproteins. Viruses 2024; 16:584. [PMID: 38675926 PMCID: PMC11054343 DOI: 10.3390/v16040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription and replication of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strictly rely on the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which is composed of viral NP, P, L and RNA. However, it is not known whether other viral non-RNP proteins participate in this process for viral self-regulation. In this study, we used a minigenome (MG) system to identify the regulatory role of the viral non-RNP proteins V, M, W, F and HN. Among them, V significantly reduced MG-encoded reporter activity compared with the other proteins and inhibited the synthesis of viral mRNA and cRNA. Further, V interacted with NP. A mutation in residue W195 of V diminished V-NP interaction and inhibited inclusion body (IB) formation in NP-P-L-cotransfected cells. Furthermore, a reverse-genetics system for the highly virulent strain F48E9 was established. The mutant rF48E9-VW195R increased viral replication and apparently enhanced IB formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that rF48E9-VW195R decreased virulence and retarded time of death. Overall, the results indicate that the V-NP interaction of the W195 mutant V decreased, which regulated viral RNA synthesis, IB formation, viral replication and pathogenicity. This study provides insight into the self-regulation of non-RNP proteins in paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Fanxing Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ning Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jianxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Hanlue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Qiqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zijie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
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Liu M, Shen X, Yu Y, Li J, Fan J, Jia X, Dai Y. Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies on Protection against Virulent Challenge in Chicks. Viruses 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37766246 PMCID: PMC10537515 DOI: 10.3390/v15091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious, and economically significant avian disease worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective measure for controlling ND. In recent years, vaccines matched with the prevalent strains of genotype VII have been developed and are now commercially available. These vaccines can provide full protection for chickens against clinical disease and mortality after challenges with genotype VII viruses and significantly decrease virus shedding compared to conventional vaccines belonging to genotypes I and II. Vaccinated hens can transfer antibodies to their offspring through the egg yolk. Maternally derived antibodies can provide passive protection against diseases but can also interfere with vaccination efficacy early in life. This study was conducted on chicks hatched from hens vaccinated with a commercial genotype VII NDV-matched vaccine to investigate the correlation between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels in chicks and hens and the decaying pattern of maternally derived HI antibodies, and to evaluate the protective efficacy of different levels of maternally derived HI antibodies against challenge with a virulent NDV strain of genotype VII based on survivability and virus shedding. The HI antibody titers in chicks at hatching were about 1.3 log2 lower than those in hens, indicating an antibody transfer rate of approximately 41.52%. The estimated half-life of these antibodies was about 3.2 days. The protective efficacy of maternally derived HI antibodies was positively correlated with the titer. These antibodies could effectively protect chicks against mortality when the titer was 7 log2 or higher, but they were unable to prevent virus shedding or infection even at a high titer of 11 log2. The obtained results will greatly assist producers in determining the immune status of chicks and formulating appropriate vaccination schedules against ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
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Ni J, Deng J, Chen Q, Liao T, Hu J, Chen Y, Hu S, Hu Z, Liu X. Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2239. [PMID: 37444037 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term evolution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in substantial alteration in viral pathogenesis. NDVs of genotype VII, a late genotype, show marked tropism to lymphoid tissues, especially to macrophages in chickens. However, the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV is still unclear. Herein, NDV infectivity in macrophages and the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV in chickens were investigated. We reported that NDV strains of genotype VII (JS5/05) and IV (Herts/33) can replicate in the adherent (predominantly macrophages) and non-adherent cells (predominantly lymphocytes) derived from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and significantly higher virus gene copy was detected in the adherent cells. In addition, JS5/05 had significantly higher infectivity in PBMC-derived adherent cells than Herts/33, correlating with its enhanced tropism to macrophages in the spleen of chickens. Interestingly, the depletion of 68% of macrophages exerted no significant impact on clinical signs, mortality and the systematic replication of JS5/05 in chickens, which may be associated with the contribution of non-depleted macrophages and other virus-supportive cells to virus replication. Macrophage depletion resulted in a marked exacerbation of tissue damage and apoptosis in the spleen caused by JS5/05. These findings indicated that macrophages play a critical role in alleviating tissue damage caused by genotype VII NDV in chickens. Our results unveiled new roles of macrophages in NDV pathogenesis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianxing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zeng T, Xie L, Xie Z, Huang J, Xie Z, Huang Q, Luo S, Wang S, Li M, Hua J, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Subtype XIIb NDVs from Francolins in Southwestern China and Effective Protection by an Inactivated Vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1317784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Most genotype XII newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated from poultry, chickens, or geese, with the exception of one subtype, XIIa NDV, which was isolated from a peacock. Here, two subtype XIIb NDVs, francolin/China/GX01/2017 and francolin/China/GX02/2017 (GX01 and GX02 hereafter), were isolated from francolins, which are resident birds in southern China. GX01 and GX02 were characterized as velogenic NDVs. Based on the weaker pathogenicity of these viruses in chickens, the amino acid sequences of seven proteins from genotype XII NDVs were compared, which revealed 17, 40, 15, 7, 32, 25, and 31 variations in the NP, P, M, F, HN, L, and V proteins, respectively, some of which could be responsible for this decreased pathogenicity. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that subtype XIIb NDVs have multiple transmission chains, and that resident birds may be involved in this process as intermediate hosts in which viruses keep evolving. Because of the increased pathogenicity of subtype XIIb NDVs, the protective efficacy of GX01 as an inactivated vaccine was evaluated and compared with that of two commercial inactivated vaccines in chickens. The results showed that the subtype XIIb NDVs could be candidate genotype-matched vaccine strains against genotype XII NDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
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Liu M, Shen X, Li J, Yu Y, Fan J, Jia X, Dai Y. Efficacy of Newcastle disease LaSota vaccine-induced hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against challenges with heterologous virulent strains of genotypes VII and IX. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110591. [PMID: 37030151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), still remains one of the most important avian diseases affecting the poultry industry worldwide, despite intensive vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries. All NDV isolates characterized to date are of one serotype and classified into classes I and II, with class II being further divided into twenty-one genotypes. Antigenic and genetic diversity is observed among the different genotypes. Current commercially available vaccines belonging to genotypes I and II are genetically divergent from strains that caused ND outbreaks worldwide in the last two decades. Reports of vaccination failures on their insufficient ability to inhibit infection or virus shedding have created renewed interest in developing vaccines homologous to virulent NDV circulating in the field. In this study, after vaccination with the most widely used LaSota vaccine (genotype II), chickens with different hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels were challenged with heterologous virulent NDV strains of genotypes VII and IX to evaluate how antibody levels relate to clinical protection and infection or virus shedding. Under the experimental condition, LaSota vaccine could fully protect birds from morbidity and mortality, but higher antibody levels were required to inhibit virus shedding. The number of birds shedding virus generally tended to decrease as the HI antibody titers increase in vaccinated birds. When the HI antibody titers reached ≥ 13 log2 and ≥ 10 log2, the virus shedding from JSC0804 strain (genotype VII) and F48E8 strain (genotype IX) could be completely inhibited, respectively, but it may be difficult to ensure that all individuals reach and maintain those levels in chicken flocks vaccinated according to routine procedure. Furthermore, the virus shedding in vaccinated birds was correlated with the amino acid similarity between the vaccine and challenge strains; more similarity, less virus shedding. The results obtained highlight that stringent biosecurity measures combined with vaccination are crucial for chicken farms to maintain a virulent NDV-free status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Xuebo Jia
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Yabin Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
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Sajo MU, Sa’idu L, Souley MM, Fagbohun OA. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus vaccines in Nigeria. Vet World 2022; 15:2816-2821. [PMID: 36718329 PMCID: PMC9880846 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2816-2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Newcastle disease (ND) caused by ND virus (NDV) is a serious impediment to effective poultry production in developing countries such as Nigeria. Despite employing vaccination and other control measures to curtail this disease, its severe forms still persist. This study aimed to confirm the virus strains in the NDV vaccine brands commonly used in Nigeria. Materials and Methods We employed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing, and sequence analysis to characterize NDV strains in four NDV vaccines commonly used in Nigeria. Fragments of 300 bp from NDV fusion genes from the vaccines were amplified. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and analyzed using multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses to characterize the vaccine viruses as pathotypes. Results All the vaccines gave positive results, confirming the presence of NDV. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses revealed that two of the vaccines had the lentogenic pathotype, while the other two had the mesogenic or velogenic pathotype. Conclusion This study provides information to facilitate strategies for regular control of the quality of vaccines in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Usman Sajo
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University, (PAULESI), Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Lawal Sa’idu
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University, (PAULESI), Ibadan, Nigeria,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusegun Adesina Fagbohun
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University, (PAULESI), Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Corresponding author: Olusegun Adesina Fagbohun, e-mail: Co-authors: MUS: , LS: , MMS:
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Rohaim MA, Al-Natour MQ, El Naggar RF, Abdelsabour MA, Madbouly YM, Ahmed KA, Munir M. Evolutionary Trajectories of Avian Avulaviruses and Vaccines Compatibilities in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1862. [PMID: 36366369 PMCID: PMC9698863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes one of the highly infectious avian diseases in poultry leading to genuine financial misfortunes around the world. Recently, there has been an increasing trend in the number of ND-associated outbreaks in commercial Jordanian poultry flocks indicating a possible complex evolutionary dynamic of NDV infections in the country. To underpin the dynamics of circulating NDV strains and to assess the vaccine-escape potential, a total of 130 samples were collected from different poultry flocks in six Jordanian Governorates during 2019-2021. Twenty positive isolates, based on real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, were used for further genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis. Our results showed that there is a high evolutionary distance between the newly identified NDV strains (genotype VII.1.1) in this study and the commercially used vaccines (genotypes I and II), suggesting that circulating NDV field strains are under constant evolutionary pressure. These mutations may significantly affect flocks that have received vaccinations as well as flocks with insufficient immunity in terms of viral immunity and disease dynamics. To assess this further, we investigated the efficacy of the heterologous inactivated LaSota or homologous genotype VII.1.1 vaccine for their protection against virulent NDV in chicken. Vaccine-induced immunity was evaluated based on the serology, and protection efficacy was assessed based on clinical signs, survival rates, histopathology, and viral shedding. Chickens vaccinated with the inactivated genotype VII.1.1 based vaccine showed 100% protection with a significant reduction in virus shedding, and ameliorated histopathology lesions compared to LaSota vaccinated chicks that showed 60% protection. These results revealed that the usage of NDV inactivated vaccine from the circulating field strains can successfully ameliorate the clinical outcome and virus pathobiology in vaccinated chicks and will serve as an effective vaccine against the threat posed by commonly circulating NDV strains in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Q. Al-Natour
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rania F. El Naggar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Abdelsabour
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Yahia M. Madbouly
- Department of Poultry Viral Vaccines, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
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Genetic Analyses of Response of Local Ghanaian Tanzanian Chicken Ecotypes to a Natural Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202755. [PMID: 36290141 PMCID: PMC9597780 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease (ND) is a global threat to poultry production and often has a major impact on chicken welfare and the livelihoods of rural poultry farmers. We exposed unvaccinated Ghanaian and Tanzanian local chicken ecotypes to velogenic Newcastle disease virus strains, and measured response traits to understand the genetic basis of ND. We identified heritable ND response traits and revealed differences in survival between Ghanaian and Tanzanian local chicken ecotype birds. Our findings indicate that velogenic ND resistance could be improved through selective breeding of local chicken ecotypes in regions where the disease is endemic. Abstract Newcastle disease is a devastating poultry disease that often causes significant economic losses in poultry in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, as well as South and Central America. Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks are associated with high mortalities, which can threaten household livelihoods, especially in the rural areas, and lead to loss of high-quality proteins in the form of meat and eggs, as well as household purchasing power. In this study, we exposed unvaccinated Ghanaian and Tanzanian chickens of six local ecotypes to velogenic NDV strains, measured NDV response traits, sequenced their DNA on a genotyping-by-sequencing platform, and performed variance component analyses. The collected phenotypes included: growth rates (pre- and post-exposure); lesion scores (gross lesion severity) in the trachea, proventriculus, intestine, and cecal tonsils; natural antibody levels; anti-NDV antibody levels at 7 days post exposure (dpe); tear and cloacal viral load at 2, 4, and 6 dpe; and survival time. Heritability estimates were low to moderate, ranging from 0.11 for average lesion scores to 0.36 for pre-exposure growth rate. Heritability estimates for survival time were 0.23 and 0.27 for the Tanzanian and Ghanaian ecotypes, respectively. Similar heritability estimates were observed when data were analyzed either separately or combined for the two countries. Survival time was genetically negatively correlated with lesion scores and with viral load. Results suggested that response to mesogenic or velogenic NDV of these local chicken ecotypes could be improved by selective breeding. Chickens that are more resilient to velogenic NDV can improve household livelihoods in developing countries.
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Abozaid KGA, Abdel-Moneim AS. Epidemiological surveillance of Newcastle disease virus in Egypt - a 6-year cohort study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:243. [PMID: 35909216 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. A retrospective cohort of 6 years was planned to screen the NDV in intensive chicken and turkey flocks. The existence of velogenic NDV strain was screened in different poultry flocks showing suspected signs of NDV using real-time RT-PCR targeting the F gene of the velogenic strain. A total of 843 poultry flocks were screened during the cohort. Samples were classified based on the month and year as well as the poultry type. All flocks should be negative for avian influenza virus as an inclusion criterion of the study. The F gene of a randomly selected positive sample from each year as well as an archival sample from 2005 was sequenced. An overall of 52.4% (443/842) of the tested farms showed positive results for the velogenic NDV. The cumulative percentage of positive flocks to the total positive flocks per month ranged from 5.9 to 11.8%. The results revealed that NDV is circulating across all months annually without evidence of seasonal tendency of the disease. Most of the strains belong to genotype VII.1.1, with only two strains related to XXI.1.1 and XXI.2. All VII.1.1 strains possess arginine at 27 position while XXI.1.1 and XXI.2 strains showed cysteine at 27 and amino acid substitutions in the signal peptide, cleavage site, and neutralizing epitopes. In conclusion, the current molecular epidemiological surveillance confirms the enzootic nature of NDV. It circulates all year round with no evidence of seasonal incidence. Genotype VII is the most predominant NDV genotype in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled G A Abozaid
- Institute of Animal Health, Fayoum, 63511, Egypt.,Department of Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Fan W, Ji P, Sun X, Kong M, Zhou N, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li X, Zhou EM, Zhao Q, Sun Y. Screening and identification of nucleocapsid protein-nanobodies that inhibited Newcastle disease virus replication in DF-1 cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956561. [PMID: 36051768 PMCID: PMC9426676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease found in poultry. Although commercial ND virus (NDV) vaccines are universally used, some case reports persistently documented vaccination failure. Therefore, novel strategies are still required to control the occurrence of the disease in chickens. Recently, nanobodies (Nbs), which have the advantages of small molecular weight and low production costs, have been shown to be promising therapeutics against viral infection. In the present study, a total of 16 Nbs against NDV nucleocapsid protein (NP) were screened from two libraries against NDV using phage display technology. Of the 16 screened Nbs, eight were prevented from binding to NDV NP protein through administering positive chicken sera for anti-NDV antibodies, indicating that the epitopes recognized by these eight Nbs were able to induce the immune response after the chickens were infected with NDV stock. Subsequently, transfection assay, construction of recombinant DF-1 cells capable of expressing different nanobodies and viral inhibition assay were used to screen the nanobodies inhibiting NDV replication. The results demonstrated that Nb18, Nb30, and Nb88 significantly inhibited the replication of Class I and different genotypes of Class II NDV strains in DF-1 cells when they were expressed in the cytoplasm. Collectively, these nanobodies provided new tools for researching the functions of NDV NP protein and may be used as a novel strategy for designing drugs against NDV infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Fan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Pinpin Ji
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Xuwen Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Min Kong
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yani Sun,
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Divergent Viruses Discovered in Swine Alter the Understanding of Evolutionary History and Genetic Diversity of the Respirovirus Genus and Related Porcine Parainfluenza Viruses. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0024222. [PMID: 35647875 PMCID: PMC9241844 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviridae is a rapidly growing family of viruses, whose potential for cross-species transmission makes it difficult to predict the harm of newly emerging viruses to humans and animals. To better understand their diversity, evolutionary history, and co-evolution with their hosts, we analyzed a collection of porcine parainfluenza virus (PPIV) genomes to reconstruct the species classification basis and evolutionary history of the Respirovirus genus. We sequenced 17 complete genomes of porcine respirovirus 1 (also known as porcine parainfluenza virus 1; PPIV-1), thereby nearly tripling the number of currently available PPIV-1 genomes. We found that PPIV-1 was widely prevalent in China with two divergent lineages, PPIV-1a and PPIV-1b. We further provided evidence that a new species, porcine parainfluenza virus 2 (PPIV-2), had recently emerged in China. Our results pointed to a need for revising the current species demarcation criteria of the Respirovirus genus. In addition, we used PPIV-1 as an example to explore recombination and diversity of the Respirovirus genus. Interestingly, we only detected heterosubtypic recombination events between PPIV-1a and PPIV-1b with no intrasubtypic recombination events. The recombination hotspots highlighted a diverse geography-dependent genome structure of paramyxovirus infecting swine in China. Furthermore, we found no evidence of co-evolution between respirovirus and its host, indicating frequent cross-species transmission. In summary, our analyses showed that swine can be infected with a broad range of respiroviruses and recombination may serve as an important evolutionary mechanism for the Respirovirus genus’ greater diversity in genome structure than previously anticipated. IMPORTANCE Livestock have emerged as critically underrecognized sources of paramyxovirus diversity, including pigs serving as the source of Nipah virus (NiV) and swine parainfluenza virus type 3, and goats and bovines harboring highly divergent viral lineages. Here, we identified a new species of Respirovirus genus named PPIV-2 in swine and proposed to revise the species demarcation criteria of the Respirovirus genus. We found heterosubtypic recombination events and high genetic diversity in PPIV-1. Further, we showed that genetic recombination may have occurred in the Respirovirus genus which may be associated with host range expansion. The continued expansion of Respirovirus genus diversity in livestock with relatively high human contact rates requires enhanced surveillance and ongoing evaluation of emerging cross-species transmission threats.
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Puro K, Sen A. Newcastle Disease in Backyard Poultry Rearing in the Northeastern States of India: Challenges and Control Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:799813. [PMID: 35464373 PMCID: PMC9021565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.799813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hamisu TM, Aliyu HB, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Ideris A. Alteration in the Population of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Virus Shedding in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens Following Inoculation with Lentogenic and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strains. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:328-337. [PMID: 35377240 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) provide the first line of immunological defense after the invasion of the intestine by a pathogen. To understand the changes of IEL response in chickens, we measured the population of different subsets of avian IELs at different time points after primary inoculation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) lentogenic strain (LaSota) and subsequent challenge with NDV velogenic strain- genotypes VII and VIII. Furthermore, NDV shed after each treatment was quantified. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into six groups of chickens, one to six, inoculated with phosphate buffered saline; NDV lentogenic strain (LaSota); genotype VII (GVII); LaSota and challenged with GVII (LSGVII); genotype VIII (GVIII); and group of LaSota and challenged with GVIII (LSGVIII). The chickens were euthanized at 12, 36, and 60 h postchallenge. Immunophenotyping of CD25+ IEL, CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ cells was conducted using flow cytometer. Furthermore, virus shedding was measured using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the percentage population of IEL subsets was generally lower in the chickens inoculated with GVII or GVIII when compared with LaSota, LSGVII and LSGVIII inoculated groups. The NDV copy number was significantly higher in chickens challenged with NDV GVII or GVIII when compared with chickens inoculated with LaSota, LSGVII or LSGVIII. Taking together, NDV velogenic strain caused decrease in the population of subsets of chickens' IEL. However, inoculation of NDV LaSota may increase the population of avian IEL subsets and decrease shedding of virulent NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasiu Mallam Hamisu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Hayatuddeen Bako Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Avian Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Wang J, Yu X, Zheng D, Zhao Y, Lv Y, Shu B, Jiang W, Liu S, Li J, Hou G, Peng C, Wang S, Yu J, Li Y, Liu H. Continuous surveillance revealing a wide distribution of class I Newcastle disease viruses in China from 2011 to 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264936. [PMID: 35349584 PMCID: PMC8963561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk-based active surveillance for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was carried out in China from 2011 to 2020. A total of 110,018 swabs were collected from 28 provinces. 2,389 class I NDVs were isolated and identified by RT-PCR and sequencing. The average annual positivity rate of class I NDVs from 2011 to 2020 was 2.17%. In the last 10 years, the positivity rate was highest in 2011 (4.76%), and has since decreased. Most viruses were isolated from chickens, while others were collected from ducks, geese and pigeons, as well as from the environment. The positivity rates for class I NDVs in poultry ranged from 0.55% to 2.40%. The viruses were isolated from 373 sampling sites in 24 provinces, mainly in East, Central, South and Southwest China. The positivity rates of NDVs in wholesale markets (51.58%) and retail markets (42.83%) were much higher than those in poultry farms (7.14%) and slaughterhouses (3.85%). Phylogenetic analyses showed that most isolates belonged to sub-genotype 1.1.2, while only 22 viruses belonged to sub-genotype 1.2, indicating the viruses in sub-genotype 1.1.2 were the predominant strains in China. The F and HN genes of six strains in the two sub-genotypes were sequenced and analyzed. The cleavage sites of F protein in the six viruses were 112ERQER/L117, 112ERQGR/L117 or 112GRQERL117, which were typical of low virulence NDV. Several mutations were identified in the functional domains of F and HN proteins, including fusion peptide, heptad repeat region, transmembrane domains and neutralizing epitopes. This study revealed the distribution, genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of class I NDVs in China, and could help us to better understand the epidemiological context of class I NDVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongxia Zheng
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunling Zhao
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Lv
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Shu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Yu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Nath B, Morla S, Kumar S. Reverse Genetics and Its Usage in the Development of Vaccine Against Poultry Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2411:77-92. [PMID: 34816399 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective and economic way of combating poultry viruses. However, the use of traditional live-attenuated poultry vaccines has problems such as antigenic differences with the currently circulating strains of viruses and the risk of reversion to virulence. In veterinary medicine, reverse genetics is applied to solve these problems by developing genotype-matched vaccines, better attenuated and effective live vaccines, broad-spectrum vaccine vectors, bivalent vaccines, and genetically tagged recombinant vaccines that facilitate the serological differentiation of vaccinated animals from infected animals. In this chapter, we discuss reverse genetics as a tool for the development of recombinant vaccines against economically devastating poultry viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Nath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Shafaati M, Ghorbani M, Mahmodi M, Ebadi M, Jalalirad R. Molecular evaluation and genetic characterisation of Newcastle disease virus's haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein isolated from broiler chickens in Iran. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:219-228. [PMID: 34606181 PMCID: PMC8788978 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV) is one of the major pathogens in poultry farms that causes severe economic damages to the poultry industry, especially broiler chicken and turkey farms. Despite the endemicity of ND and its many epidemics in the country, the nature of the Iranian strain of the Newcastle virus is still largely unknown. This study aimed to characterise and evaluate NDV isolates obtained from commercial poultry farms in Iran in 2019 through haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) gene sequencing. Method HN gene of each NDV isolate was amplified and sequenced using specific primers followed by phylogenetic analysis of full length of HN gene open reading frame and amino acid (aa) sequence of HN. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the HN gene showed that the virus is very closely related to genotypes VII and III. Analysis of HN gene nucleotide sequences showed that all isolates encode proteins with a length of 571 aa. Conclusion Results of the present study are useful for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of indigenous NDV strains and determining important molecular differences between fields and commonly used vaccine strains related to main immunogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shafaati
- Department of cellular & molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Department of Research and Development, Pasteur Institute of Iran, The production and Research Complex, 25 Kilometer Tehran-Kraj Highway, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Minoo Mahmodi
- Department of cellular & molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Jalalirad
- Department of Research and Development, Pasteur Institute of Iran, The production and Research Complex, 25 Kilometer Tehran-Kraj Highway, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Mansour SMG, ElBakrey RM, Mohamed FF, Hamouda EE, Abdallah MS, Elbestawy AR, Ismail MM, Abdien HMF, Eid AAM. Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 in Egypt: Epidemiology, Evolutionary Perspective, and Vaccine Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:647462. [PMID: 34336965 PMCID: PMC8320000 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.647462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulavirus 1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and results in devastating economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality in addition to trade restrictions. The ease of spread has allowed the virus to disseminate worldwide with subjective virulence, which depends on the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes among global epizootics, including those from Egypt, illustrates the time-to-time genomic alterations that lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct APMV-1 genotypes at different geographic locations across the world. In Egypt, the Newcastle disease was firstly reported in 1947 and continued to occur, despite rigorous prophylactic vaccination, and remained a potential threat to commercial and backyard poultry production. Since 2005, many researchers have investigated the nature of APMV-1 in different outbreaks, as they found several APMV-1 genotypes circulating among various species. The unique intermingling of migratory, free-living, and domesticated birds besides the availability of frequently mobile wild birds in Egypt may facilitate the evolution power of APMV-1 in Egypt. Pigeons and waterfowls are of interest due to their inclusion in Egyptian poultry industry and their ability to spread the infection to other birds either by presence of different genotypes (as in pigeons) or by harboring a clinically silent disease (as in waterfowl). This review details (i) the genetic and pathobiologic features of APMV-1 infections in Egypt, (ii) the epidemiologic and evolutionary events in different avian species, and (iii) the vaccine applications and challenges in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham M ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esraa E Hamouda
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdallah
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ismail
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanan M F Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Omony JB, Wanyana A, Mugimba KK, Kirunda H, Nakavuma JL, Otim-Onapa M, Byarugaba DK. Epitope Peptide-Based Predication and Other Functional Regions of Antigenic F and HN Proteins of Waterfowl and Poultry Avian Avulavirus Serotype-1 Isolates From Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:610375. [PMID: 34212016 PMCID: PMC8240872 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.610375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uganda is a Newcastle disease (ND) endemic country where the disease is controlled by vaccination using live LaSota (genotype II) and I2 (genotype I) vaccine strains. Resurgent outbreak episodes call for an urgent need to understand the antigenic diversity of circulating wild Avian Avulavirus serotype-1 (AAvV-1) strains. High mutation rates and the continuous emergence of genetic and antigenic variants that evade immunity make non-segmented RNA viruses difficult to control. Antigenic and functional analysis of the key viral surface proteins is a crucial step in understanding the antigen diversity between vaccine lineages and the endemic wild ND viruses in Uganda and designing ND peptide vaccines. In this study, we used computational analysis, phylogenetic characterization, and structural modeling to detect evolutionary forces affecting the predicted immune-dominant fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from waterfowl and poultry in Uganda compared with that in LaSota vaccine strain. Our findings indicate that mutational amino acid variations at the F protein in LaSota strain, 25 poultry wild-type and 30 waterfowl wild-type isolates were distributed at regions including the functional domains of B-cell epitopes or N-glycosylation sites, cleavage site, fusion site that account for strain variations. Similarly, conserved regions of HN protein in 25 Ugandan domestic fowl isolates and the representative vaccine strain varied at the flanking regions and potential linear B-cell epitope. The fusion sites, signal peptides, cleavage sites, transmembrane domains, potential B-cell epitopes, and other specific regions of the two protein types in vaccine and wild viruses varied considerably at structure by effective online epitope prediction programs. Cleavage site of the waterfowl isolates had a typical avirulent motif of 111GGRQGR'L117 with the exception of one isolate which showed a virulent motif of 111GGRQKR'F117. All the poultry isolates showed the 111GRRQKR'F117 motif corresponding to virulent strains. Amino acid sequence variations in both HN and F proteins of AAvV-1 isolates from poultry, waterfowl, and vaccine strain were distributed over the length of the proteins with no detectable pattern, but using the experimentally derived 3D structure data revealed key-mapped mutations on the surfaces of the predicted conformational epitopes encompassing the experimental major neutralizing epitopes. The phylogenic tree constructed using the full F gene and partial F gene sequences of the isolates from poultry and waterfowl respectively, showed that Ugandan ND aquatic bird and poultry isolates share some functional amino acids in F sequences yet do remain unique at structure and the B-cell epitopes. Recombination analyses showed that the C-terminus and the rest of the F gene in poultry isolates originated from prevalent velogenic strains. Altogether, these could provide rationale for antigenic diversity in wild ND isolates of Uganda compared with the current ND vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Omony
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Uganda Industrial Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Agnes Wanyana
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito K Mugimba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Halid Kirunda
- Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jessica L Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maxwell Otim-Onapa
- Directorate of Science, Research and Innovation, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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19
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Chang H, Feng S, Wang Y, Li F, Su Q, Wang B, Du J, He H. Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 via Different Inoculation Routes in Pigeons. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:569901. [PMID: 33681314 PMCID: PMC7925627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type I (PPMV-1) causes regular outbreaks in pigeons and even poses a pandemic threat among chickens and other birds. The birds infected with PPMV-1 mainly show a pathological damage in the respiratory system, digestive system, and nervous system. However, there were few reports on the efficiency of the virus entering the host via routes of different systems. In the present study, a PPMV-1 strain was obtained from a dead wild pigeon in 2016 in Beijing, China. The mean death time (MDT) and the intracerebral pathogenicity (ICPI) of our isolate showed medium virulence. Phylogenetic analysis based on F gene sequence showed that the isolate belonged to subgenotype VIb, class II, which dominated in China in recent years. Then, we evaluated the infection efficiency of different routes. Pigeons were randomly divided into five groups of six as follows: intracephalic (IC), intranasal (IN), and intraoral (IO) infection routes, cohabitation infection (CO), and negative control (N negative). All pigeons were inoculated with 100 μl·106 EID50 PPMV-1 virus. After infection, pathological lesions, virus shedding, body weight change, survival rate, and tissue tropism were tested to compare the efficiency of the different infected routes. The mortality of groups IC, IN, IO, and CO were 100, 66.7, 50, and 33.3%, respectively. Weight loss in group IC was higher than the other groups, followed by groups IN and IO. The lesions observed in PPMV-1-infected pigeons were severe, especially in the lung and intestine in group IC. Viral shedding was observed from 2 dpi in groups IC and IN, but the shedding rate was higher in group IN than group IC. The longest period was in group CO. Tissue tropism experiment showed that our isolate has a wide range of tissue distribution, and the virus titer in the heart and intestine of group IC and in the brain of group IN was higher. Our data may help us to evaluate the risk of transmission of PPMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyong Feng
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhuang Li
- Department of Microbiology, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Putri N, Ernawati R, Rahmahani J, Suwarno S, Rantam FA. Phylogenetic relationship and genotype variation of six Newcastle disease viruses isolated from duck in Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:276-284. [PMID: 33642815 PMCID: PMC7896909 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.276-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) are frequently acquired from all ages and types of bird species. In general, ducks are considered as potential reservoirs for different genotypes of NDV and are resistant even to velogenic NDV strains. This research was conducted to genotypically and phylogenetically characterize NDV isolates collected from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 samples were collected through cloacal swabs and were inoculated in the allantoic sacs of 8-day-old specific pathogen-free eggs. Hemagglutination (HA) activity was analyzed through a HA test, and isolated viruses were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction targeting the complete fusion (F)-gene of NDV using three primer sets. One primer set was specific for the F protein cleavage site sequences of velogenic, mesogenic, and lentogenic NDV strains. Results: The results demonstrated that three isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19, NDV/Duck/B125/19, and NDV/Duck/BK43/19) belonged to genotype VII and one (NDV/Duck/TD19/19) to genotype VI. Other isolates (NDV/Duck/A74/19 and NDV/Duck/M147/19) belonged to genotype II Class II. Based on the F protein cleavage site and the pathogenicity tests, two isolates (NDV/Duck/B104/19 and NDV/Duck/B125/19) were categorized as velogenic viruses and four (NDV/Duck/BK43/19, NDV/Duck/TD19/19, NDV/Duck/A74/19, and NDV/Duck/M147/19) as lentogenic viruses. Conclusion: The results indicate that NDVs from unvaccinated ducks from Indonesia carry various genotypes and pathotypes of NDVs; therefore, these viruses are still circulating in the environment and might pose a risk of Newcastle disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimah Putri
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rahaju Ernawati
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Jola Rahmahani
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suwarno Suwarno
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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21
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Insights into Genomic Epidemiology, Evolution, and Transmission Dynamics of Genotype VII of Class II Newcastle Disease Virus in China. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100837. [PMID: 33066232 PMCID: PMC7602024 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is distributed worldwide and has caused significant losses to the poultry industry. Almost all virulent NDV strains belong to class II, among which genotype VII is the predominant genotype in China. However, the molecular evolution and phylodynamics of class II genotype VII NDV strains in China remained largely unknown. In this study, we identified 13 virulent NDV including 11 genotype VII strains and 2 genotype IX strains, from clinical samples during 1997 to 2019. Combined NDV sequences submitted to GenBank, we investigate evolution, and transmission dynamics of class II NDVs in China, especially genotype VII strains. Our results revealed that East and South China have the most genotypic diversity of class II NDV, and East China might be the origin of genotype VII NDVs in China. In addition, genotype VII NDVs in China are presumably transmitted by chickens, as the virus was most prevalent in chickens. Furthermore, codon usage analysis revealed that the F genes of genotype VII NDVs have stronger adaptation in chickens, and six amino acids in this gene are found under positive selection via selection model analysis. Collectively, our results revealed the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of genotype VII NDVs in China, providing important insights into the epidemiology of these viruses in China.
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22
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Du J, Xia J, Li S, Shen Y, Chen W, Luo Y, Zhao Q, Wen Y, Wu R, Yan Q, Huang X, Cao S, Han X, Cui M, Huang Y. Evolutionary dynamics and transmission patterns of Newcastle disease virus in China through Bayesian phylogeographical analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239809. [PMID: 32991628 PMCID: PMC7523974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese poultry industry has experienced outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) dating back to the 1920s. However, the epidemic has exhibited a downtrend in recent years. In this study, both observational and genetic data [fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes (HN)] were analyzed, and phylogeographic analysis based on prevalent genotypes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was conducted for better understanding of the evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of ND in China. In line with the observed trend of epidemic outbreaks, the effective population size of F and HN genes of circulating NDV is no longer growing since 2000, which is supported by 95% highest posterior diversity (HPD) intervals. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the two eastern coastal provinces, Shandong and Jiangsu were the most relevant hubs for NDV migration, and the geographical regions with active NDV diffusion seemed to be constrained to southern and eastern China. The live poultry trade may play an important role in viral spread. Interestingly, no migration links from wild birds to poultry received Bayes factor support (BF > 3), while the migration links from poultry to wild birds accounted for 64% in all effective migrations. This may indicate that the sporadic cases of ND in wild bird likely spillover events from poultry. These findings contribute to predictive models of NDV transmission, and potentially help in the prevention of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiteng Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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23
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Sun J, Han Z, Zhao R, Ai H, Chen L, Li L, Liu S. Protection of chicks from Newcastle disease by combined vaccination with a plasmid DNA and the pre-fusion protein of the virulent genotype VII of Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine 2020; 38:7337-7349. [PMID: 32981778 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four codon optimized plasmids (designated as pCAG-optiF-1, 2, -3, and -4) containing modified F genes from the epidemic and virulent NDV genotype VII strain isolated in China that is expected to express the pre-fusion conformation of the F protein were constructed. The expression of these F variants in chicken-derived cells was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis. Two soluble F variants (roptiF-1 and 2) potentially with the pre-fusion conformation were expressed and purified from suspended cells. Vaccination with each of the plasmids as a DNA vaccine conferred partial clinical protection to chicks against NDV. Comparatively, the plasmid pCAG-optiF-2 encoded a soluble protein with a mutant cleavage site and the potential pre-fusion conformation provided better protection than the other plasmids. Further investigation of the combined vaccinations with the plasmid DNA pCAG-optiF-2 prime + protein roptiF-2 boost vaccination strategy elicited more robust immunity, as confirmed by the detection of antibodies against NDV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assay, as compared to those vaccinated with only the plasmid pCAG-optiF-2 or protein roptiF-2. More importantly, the DNA prime + protein boost vaccination provided more efficacious protection against virulent NDV challenge, as evidenced by the complete clinical protection, reduced viral shedding, and limited virus replication in tissues of the challenge chicks. These results indicated that the pre-fusion conformation of the F protein could be considered as the target immunogen for the development of novel NDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ai
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Wei X, Shao Y, Han Z, Sun J, Liu S. Glycoprotein-C-gene-deleted recombinant infectious laryngotracheitis virus expressing a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus fusion protein protects against virulent infectious laryngotracheitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108835. [PMID: 33011664 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To develop an alternative vectored vaccine against both Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), the glycoprotein C (gC) gene was first deleted from an avirulent ILTV. Based on this gC-deleted ILTV mutant, a recombinant ILTV expressing the fusion protein (F) of a genotype VII NDV (designated ILTV-ΔgC-F) was then constructed. Expression of the NDV F protein in ILTV-ΔgC-F-infected LMH cells was examined with an immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. The F gene was stably maintained in the genome of ILTV-ΔgC-F and the F protein was stably expressed. Compared with the parental virus, ILTV-ΔgC-F demonstrated an increased penetration capacity in vitro, and an increased replication rate in vitro and in vivo. Both the parental virus and ILTV-ΔgC-F were avirulent in chickens. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with ILTV-ΔgC-F induced ILTV-specific antibodies, detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and provided complete clinical protection against virulent ILTV, although viral shedding and replication were detected in the respiratory tract in the early stage of infection in a very small number of birds. Vaccination with ILTV-ΔgC-F also provided significant protection against challenge with a virulent genotype VII NDV, although the level of NDV-specific antibodies detected with an ELISA was low. Notably, the numbers of birds that were positive for the virulent genotype VII NDV and the replication of the challenge virus NDV in selected target tissues were significantly lower in the ILTV-ΔgC-F-vaccinated chickens than in the control birds. Our results indicate that ILTV-ΔgC-F has potential utility as a bivalent candidate vaccine against both infectious laryngotracheitis and Newcastle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Chen L, Song J, Liu H, Cai J, Lin Q, Xu C, Ding C, Liao M, Ren T, Xiang B. Phylodynamic analyses of class I Newcastle disease virus isolated in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1294-1304. [PMID: 32786140 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the pathogen of Newcastle disease, has caused significant losses to the poultry industry worldwide. However, owing to its avirulence, class I NDVs have not been studied as much as class II NDVs. We aimed to epidemiologically monitor the spread of class I NDVs in China. We isolated 104 class I NDV strains from poultry in live poultry markets (LPMs) of Guangdong Province, south China, between January 2016 and December 2018. Genetic analysis revealed that all 104 isolates and most of the strains isolated from China were clustered into genotype 1.1.2 of class I NDVs. Bayesian analysis revealed that, although the United States may be the source, east and south China may be the epicentres of class I NDVs in China. In addition, in China, class I NDVs are presumably transmitted by chickens and domestic ducks as the virus is mostly prevalent in these birds. These novel findings demonstrated that class I NDVs are prevalent in south China, and it is important to perform routine surveillance and limit the numbers of different birds in different areas of LPMs to decrease the risk of intra- and interspecies transmission of NDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Electrochemical immunosensor with Cu(I)/Cu(II)-chitosan-graphene nanocomposite-based signal amplification for the detection of newcastle disease virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13869. [PMID: 32807824 PMCID: PMC7431565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An electrochemical immunoassay for the ultrasensitive detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed using graphene and chitosan-conjugated Cu(I)/Cu(II) (Cu(I)/Cu(II)-Chi-Gra) for signal amplification. Graphene (Gra) was used for both the conjugation of an anti-Newcastle disease virus monoclonal antibody (MAb/NDV) and the immobilization of anti-Newcastle disease virus polyclonal antibodies (PAb/NDV). Cu(I)/Cu(II) was selected as an electroactive probe, immobilized on a chitosan-graphene (Chi-Gra) hybrid material, and detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) after a sandwich-type immune response. Because Gra had a large surface area, many antibodies were loaded onto the electrochemical immunosensor to effectively increase the electrical signal. Additionally, the introduction of Gra significantly increased the loading amount of electroactive probes (Cu(I)/Cu(II)), and the electrical signal was further amplified. Cu(I)/Cu(II) and Cu(I)/Cu(II)-Chi-Gra were compared in detail to characterize the signal amplification ability of this platform. The results showed that this immunosensor exhibited excellent analytical performance in the detection of NDV in the concentration range of 100.13 to 105.13 EID50/0.1 mL, and it had a detection limit of 100.68 EID50/0.1 mL, which was calculated based on a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. The resulting immunosensor also exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility and acceptable stability.
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Tran GTH, Sultan S, Osman N, Hassan MI, VAN Dong H, Dao TD, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Mizutani T, Takeda Y, Ogawa H, Imai K. Molecular characterization of full genome sequences of Newcastle disease viruses circulating among vaccinated chickens in Egypt during 2011-2013. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:809-816. [PMID: 32307343 PMCID: PMC7324829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intensive vaccination programs have been implemented, Newcastle disease (ND)
outbreaks, accompanied by severe economic losses, are still reported in Egypt. The genetic
characterization of ND virus (NDV) strains isolated from ND-vaccinated chicken flocks
provides essential information for improving ND control strategies. Therefore, here, 38
NDV strains were isolated and identified from outbreaks among vaccinated flocks of broiler
chickens located in the provinces of Qena, Luxor, and Aswan of Upper Egypt during
2011–2013. The investigated broiler chicken flocks (aged 28 to 40 days) had high mortality
rates of up to 80%. All NDV isolates were genetically analyzed using next-generation DNA
sequencing. From these isolates, 10 representative NDV strains were selected for further
genetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length coding genes revealed that the
Egyptian NDV isolates belonged to a single sub-genotype, VII.1.1. These isolates were
phylogenetically distant from the vaccine strains, including La Sota or Clone 30 (genotype
II), which have been commonly used to vaccinate chicken flocks. Amino acid substitution
K78R was observed in the neutralizing epitopes of the F proteins; whereas several
mutations were found in the neutralizing epitopes of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
proteins, notably, E347K. Overall, our results suggested that the occurrence of
neutralizing epitope variants may be one of potential reasons for ND outbreaks. Further
studies are needed to determine the protective effect of current vaccines against
circulating virulent NDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thi Huong Tran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Serageldeen Sultan
- Department of Microbiology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Nabila Osman
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ismail Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, 83911, Luxor, Egypt
| | - Hieu VAN Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung Duy Dao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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28
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Xu X, Qian J, Qin L, Li J, Xue C, Ding J, Wang W, Ding W, Yin R, Jin N, Ding Z. Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particles Containing DC-Binding Peptide-Fused Haemagglutinin Protect Chickens from Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Challenge. Virol Sin 2020; 35:455-467. [PMID: 32274680 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) are two notorious avian respiratory pathogens that cause great losses in the poultry industry. Current inactivated commercial vaccines against NDV and AIV have the disadvantages of inadequate mucosal responses, while an attenuated live vaccine bears the risk of mutation. Dendritic cell (DC) targeting strategies are attractive for their potent mucosal and adaptive immune-stimulating ability against respiratory pathogens. In this study, DC-binding peptide (DCpep)-decorated chimeric virus-like particles (cVLPs), containing NDV haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and AIV haemagglutinin (HA), were developed as a DC-targeting mucosal vaccine candidate. DCpep-decorated cVLPs activated DCs in vitro, and induced potent immune stimulation in chickens, with enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) secretion and splenic T cell differentiation. 40 μg cVLPs can provide full protection against the challenge with homologous, heterologous NDV strains, and AIV H9N2. In addition, DCpep-decorated cVLPs could induce a better immune response when administered intranasally than intramuscularly, as indicated by robust sIgA secretion and a reduced virus shedding period. Taken together, this chimeric VLPs are a promising vaccine candidate to control NDV and AIV H9N2 and a useful platform bearing multivalent antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jindou Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Cong Xue
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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29
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Xu L, Qin Z, Qiao L, Wen J, Shao H, Wen G, Pan Z. Characterization of thermostable Newcastle disease virus recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin of H5N1 avian influenza virus as bivalent vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2020; 38:1690-1699. [PMID: 31937412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been used as a vector in the development of vaccines and gene delivery. In the present study, we generated the thermostable recombinant NDV (rNDV) expressing the different forms of hemagglutinin (HA) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 based on the full-length cDNA clone of thermostable TS09-C strain. The recombinant thermostable Newcastle disease viruses, rTS-HA, rTS-HA1 and rTS-tPAs/HA1, expressed the HA, HA1 or modified HA1 protein with the tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence (tPAs), respectively. The rNDVs displayed similar thermostability, growth kinetics and pathogenicity compared with the parental TS09-C virus. The tPAs facilitated the expression and secretion of HA1 protein in cells infected with rNDV. Animal studies demonstrated that immunization with rNDVs elicited effective H5N1- and NDV-specific antibody responses and conferred immune protection against lethal H5N1 and NDV challenges in chickens and mice. Importantly, vaccination of rTS-tPAs/HA1 resulted in enhanced protective immunity in chickens and mice. Our study thus provides a novel thermostable NDV-vectored vaccine candidate expressing a soluble form of a heterologous viral protein, which will greatly aid the poultry industry in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenqiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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30
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Xu X, Li J, Ding J, Yang M, Xue C, Wang J, Cong Y, Yin R, Qian J, Jin N, Ding Z. Evaluation of the safety and protection efficacy of an attenuated genotype vii newcastle disease virus strain as a candidate vaccine. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103831. [PMID: 31682996 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious avian infectious disease, causing severe economic loss worldwide. Its prevention depends on comprehensive vaccination scheme against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). However, current vaccine strains are of different genotypes with prevalent circulating strains (genotype VII), with significant genetic distance. Our team previously generated a genotype matched attenuated NDV strain (rmNA-1). In this study, its safety and immunization efficacy were evaluated. Its lentogenic characteristic was stable for 25 generations in embryonated chicken eggs and for six generations in SPF chickens. Overdosed administration did not cause any clinical signs or pathogenic changes in chickens. As to its immunization effect, rmNA-1 stimulated a comparable serum NDV specific antibody level to a LaSota (genotype II) strain based commercial vaccine, and provided full protection against virulent genotype VII strain challenge, with significantly reduced virus shedding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jindou Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Cong Xue
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province for Animals Probiotics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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31
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Almubarak AIA. Molecular and biological characterization of some circulating strains of Newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens from Eastern Saudi Arabia in 2012-2014. Vet World 2019; 12:1668-1676. [PMID: 31849430 PMCID: PMC6868251 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1668-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a worldwide poultry disease that is historically known to cause severe losses in the poultry industry. In the present study, attempts were made to characterize ND virus (NDV) recovered from broiler chickens in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia from January 2012 to March 2014. Materials and Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of NDV followed by partial sequencing of the fusion (F) gene. The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), mean death time (MDT), and complete sequencing of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene were also used for further biological and molecular characterization. Results: NDV was detected at a rate of 9.6% (11/115) of the tested flocks, most of which were vaccinated against ND. F gene-based phylogeny and motifs of the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) showed segregation of Saudi isolates into two groups. The first group contained 10 isolates and was located in genotype II with the lentogenic motif 112GRQGRL117 at the FPCS. The second group contained one isolate and was located in genotype VII with velogenic motif 112RRQKRF117. Further characterization using the ICPI and MDT of two representative isolates showed virulence of both tested isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the HN gene showed close nucleotide identity between the two isolates. A BLAST search for sequences similar to HN gene sequences showed high identity with isolates from the surrounding region. Conclusion: The present findings showed a low detection rate of NDV, possibly due to the wide application of vaccines, and the circulation of at least two NDV genotypes, II and VII, in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The present Saudi isolates may share common ancestors with isolates from the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I A Almubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Habib M, Yaqub T, Aziz-Ul-Rahman, Sohail T, Shahbaz M, Shehzad W, Munir M, Shabbir MZ. Evaluation of transmission potential and pathobiological characteristics of mallard originated Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (sub-genotype VII.2) in commercial broilers. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103785. [PMID: 31604156 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1), affects multiple avian species around the globe. Frequent disease outbreaks are not uncommon even in vaccinates despite routine vaccination and, in this regards, viruses of diverse genotypes originating from natural reservoirs (migratory waterfowls) play an important role in a disease endemic setting. Though genomic characterization of waterfowl originated viruses has been well-elucidated previously, there is a paucity of data on clinico-pathological assessment of mallard-originated sub-genotype VII.2 in commercial chickens. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate its transmission potential, tissue tropism and micro- and macroscopic lesions in commercial broilers. Based on complete genome and complete F gene, phylogenetic analysis clustered the study isolate within genotype VII and sub-genotype VII.2 in close association with those reported previously from multiple avian species worldwide. The study strain was found to be velogenic on the basis of typical residue pattern in the F-protein cleavage site (112R-RQ-K-R↓F117), sever disease induction in chicken, tissue tropism and subsequent clinico-pathological characteristics. Giving a clear evidence of horizontal transmission, a 100% mortality was observed by 4th and 6th day post infection (dpi) in chickens challenged with the virus and those kept with the challenged birds (contact birds), respectively. The observed clinical signs, particularly the greenish diarrhea, and macroscopic lesions such as pinpoint hemorrhages in proventriculus and caecal tonsils were typical of the infection caused by an AOAV-1 in chickens. The virus exhibited a broad tissue tropism where genomic RNA corresponding to study virus was detected in all of the tissues collected from recently mortile and necropsied birds. The study concludes that mallard-originated Avian orthoavulavirus 1 is highly velogenic to commercial chicken and therefore ascertain continuous disease monitoring and surveillance of migratory/aquatic fowls to better elucidate infection epidemiology and subsequent potential impacts on commercial poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momena Habib
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ul-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyebah Sohail
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, 12500, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
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33
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Igwe AO, Nnsewo UE, Eze DC, Abba Y, Okoye JOA. Increased doses of La Sota vaccine increased Newcastle disease antibody response significantly in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1645675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarachukwu O. Igwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Ubon E. Nnsewo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Didacus C. Eze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - John O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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34
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Onyema I, Eze DC, Abba Y, Emennaa PE, Shoyinka SVO, Okwor EC, Ezema WS, Ihedioha JI, Okoye JOA. Lesions of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection were more severe in broilers than pullets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1598420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu Onyema
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Wilfred Sunday Ezema
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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35
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Absalón AE, Cortés-Espinosa DV, Lucio E, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Epidemiology, control, and prevention of Newcastle disease in endemic regions: Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1033-1048. [PMID: 30877525 PMCID: PMC6520322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru) where it is either endemic or re-emerging. The disease is caused by infections with one of the different strains of virulent avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV), recently renamed Avian avulavirus 1. Here, we describe the molecular epidemiology of Latin American NDVs, current control and prevention methods, including vaccines and vaccination protocols, as well as future strategies for control of ND. Because the productive, cultural, economic, social, and ecological conditions that facilitate poultry endemicity in South America are similar to those in the developing world, most of the problems and control strategies described here are applicable to other continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Absalón
- Vaxbiotek, S.C. San Lorenzo 122-7, 72700, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Carr. Est. Santa Ines Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | | | - E Lucio
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, PO Drawer 2497, Gainesville, GA, 30503-2497, USA
| | - P J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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36
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Wang H, Cong F, Guan J, Xiao L, Zhu Y, Lian Y, Huang R, Chen M, Guo P. Establishment of xMAP for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1494-1499. [PMID: 30476286 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Luminex xMAP (x = analyte, MAP = multi-analyte profiling) technology, a serological method for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) was established. Nano-magnetic beads coated with purified NDV protein and AIV nucleoprotein were incubated with serum samples. Using biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken IgY and streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin, the optical signals measured by a Luminex 200 detection system indicated the quantification of NDV or AIV antibodies in the serum. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken serum was used as a negative control. The Luminex xMAP assay developed in this study demonstrated high specificity as there was no cross-reaction with antibodies to infectious laryngotracheitis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, avian leukosis virus, and Marek's disease virus. The results from reproducibility experiments showed that intra-coefficients of variation were 3.36 and 9.23% and inter-coefficients of variation were 6.50 and 7.66% for NDV and AIV, respectively. The results also indicated that the Luminex xMAP assay was 16 times more sensitive for NDV antibody detection and 1,024 times more sensitive for AIV antibody detection compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 300 chicken serum samples were subjected to both Luminex xMAP assay and ELISA, showing the coincidence rates of 98.67 and 98% for NDV and AIV antibody detection, respectively. This study provides a new method for the simultaneous detection NDV and AIV antibodies in the serum with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianchi Guan
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meili Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pengju Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China
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37
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Wu C, Hu J, Ci X, Nie Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and protection efficacy analysis of 2 wild-type lentogenic class I Newcastle disease viruses from chickens in China. Poult Sci 2019; 98:602-612. [PMID: 30376072 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2 wild-type Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), designated as CK/GX/65/15 and CK/GX/26/15, were isolated from asymptomatic chickens in Guangxi province, China. They were identified as lentogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) above 90 and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) below 0.7. The results of complete genome sequence analysis show that the 2 NDV strains are members of class I genotype 3 with the length 15,198 nt, which followed the "rule of six" and the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. In addition, 8 amino acid substitutions were identified in the functional domains of fusion protein (F) of CK/GX/65/15 and 9 in CK/GX/26/15, whose amino acid sequences of F protein cleavage site are 112E-R-Q-E-R-L117. The isolates were found to be apathogenic in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and ducks without morbidity or mortality. Furthermore, the protection study shows that isolates can provide the same effective protection against a major NDV virulent strain in China (class II genotype VII) as the commercial vaccine LaSota. Moreover, vaccination with isolates reduced number of chickens shedding virus compared to those vaccinated with LaSota. In conclusion, 2 wild-type NDV strains exhibited fine protection efficacy against genotype VII NDV in poultry and can be considered as candidate vaccines against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yu Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dekui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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38
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Wang X, Dang R, Yang Z. The interferon antagonistic activities of the V proteins of NDV correlated with their virulence. Virus Genes 2019; 55:233-237. [PMID: 30706195 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein V of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) serves as interferon (IFN) antagonist, and NDV stains with different pathogenicity show different abilities in inhibition IFN expression. To further reveal the relationship between viral virulence and their IFN-antagonistic activity derived from protein V, six NDV strains with three different pathotypes were used in this study and their V gene were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector. The V gene derived from different NDV strains were expressed in same level in cells after transfection according to the results from Western blotting. And these proteins showed different interferon-antagonistic activities based on interferon expression using Luciferase Reporter Assay and ELISA. The expression of IFN and viral virulence index, mean death time, have a good linear relationship indicating a good correlation between viral virulence and IFN antagonism of their V Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyi Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Xu X, Ding Z, Yuan Q, Ding J, Li J, Wang W, Cong Y, Ouyang W, Wang Y, Qian J, Yin R. A genotype VII Newcastle disease virus-like particles confer full protection with reduced virus load and decreased virus shedding. Vaccine 2018; 37:444-451. [PMID: 30545716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most severe avian infectious disease inflicting a great loss on poultry industry worldwide. The control of ND relies on proper vaccination strategies. The vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) mainly belong to genotype I, II or III, which cannot fully prohibit virus shedding against the prevalent genotype VII virulent strain attack. To develop a safe, genotype matched vaccine candidate, we employed a bac-to-bac expression system and constructed a genotype VII NDV strain based virus-like particles (NDV VLPs). It was constructed with NDV M protein as the skeleton, and protective antigen F and HN proteins displayed on the surface. The NDV VLPs exhibited a similar appearance to the live NDV particles, but with denser F and HN proteins displayed on the surface. The immunization assay indicated that NDV VLPs stimulated a longer protection period, less tissue virus loading and shorter virus shedding period than the commercialized LaSota-formulated vaccine when challenged with genotype VII NDV strain. These results proposed the potential role of NDV VLPs as an alternative to current live genotype unmatched vaccine for the control and eliminate NDV in the avian flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jindou Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongshan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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40
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Bu YW, Yang HM, Jin JH, Zhao J, Xue J, Zhang GZ. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) La Sota expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of genotype VII NDV shows improved protection efficacy against NDV challenge. Avian Pathol 2018; 48:91-97. [PMID: 30465608 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1548754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intensive vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease (ND) have been implemented in many countries for a long time, but ND outbreaks still occur frequently, with most isolates belonging to genotype VII of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Many researchers have revealed that vaccines closely matched to epidemic viruses provide better protection. Therefore, using a previously established reverse genetics system, we generated a recombinant NDV vaccine strain (rLa Sota-HN) based on the La Sota vaccine strain expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of genotype VII NDV. The pathogenicity of the recombinant virus was confirmed by the mean death time in 9-day-old specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and the intracerebral pathogenicity index in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Subsequently, 1-day-old chickens were immunized with commercial vaccine La Sota and recombinant virus rLa Sota-HN and then challenged with virulent genotype VII NDV strain. The results indicated that recombinant virus rLa Sota-HN provided increased protection of vaccinated chickens from morbidity and mortality, and inhibited the shedding of virulent virus after challenging with genotype VII virus, compared with the conventional vaccine La Sota. Our findings indicated that rLa Sota-HN is a promising vaccine candidate to improve the protection efficiency against ND in chickens, thereby preventing frequent outbreaks of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Bu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture , College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture , College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hui Jin
- b China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture , College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xue
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture , College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture , College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,c Diagnostic & Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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41
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The benefits of supplementation with antibiotic alternatives on Newcastle disease virus titres in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Shao Y, Sun J, Han Z, Liu S. Recombinant infectious laryngotracheitis virus expressing Newcastle disease virus F protein protects chickens against infectious laryngotracheitis virus and Newcastle disease virus challenge. Vaccine 2018; 36:7975-7986. [PMID: 30448332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated and identified an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) that was naturally avirulent in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, with the aim of developing a more efficacious vaccine against ILTV and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). We constructed a US9-deleted ILTV mutant based on this avirulent ILTV, and then constructed a recombinant ILTV (designated ILTV-ΔUS9-F) expressing the fusion protein (F) of the genotype VII NDV based on the US9-deleted ILTV mutant. Expression of the F protein in ILTV-ΔUS9-F-infected cells was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. The inserted F gene was stably expressed in ILTV-ΔUS9-F. The growth kinetics of ILTV-ΔUS9-F were comparable to those of the wild-type ILTV strain. Vaccination of SPF chickens with ILTV-ΔUS9-F produced no clinical signs but did induce low levels of NDV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies. A single vaccination with 104 plaque-forming units (PFU) of ILTV-ΔUS9-F provided good protection against both genotype VII and IX NDVs based on clinical signs, similar to the protection provided by the commercial live La Sota vaccine. Notably, ILTV-ΔUS9-F limited the replication and shedding of genotype VII NDV from oropharyngeal swabs more efficiently than the La Sota vaccine. In addition, vaccination with lower doses (103 and 102 PFU) of ILTV-ΔUS9-F also provided sufficient clinical protection. These results indicated that ILTV-ΔUS9-F may be a bivalent vaccine candidate against both ILTV and NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Gao C, Ding Z, Qian J, Liu X, Zhang X, Cong Y, Ding C, Yu S, Hu S, Liu X, Stoeger T, Yin R. The virulence of NDV NA-1 strain regulated by the 3' leader or 5' trailer sequences. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:109-115. [PMID: 30391534 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 3' and 5' terminal regions of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome are cis-acting regulatory elements involved in replication, transcription, and packaging of genomic and anti-genomic viral RNA. There are 6 different nucleotides (nts) at the 3' and 34 different nts at the 5' end of genome in the velogenic NA-1 strain and lentogenic LaSota strain, sharing 90.00% and 70.18% identity, respectively. We investigated the roles of 3' and 5' terminus in the NA-1 strain in viral replication, virulence and pathogenicity. Three NA-1 strain-based recombinant viruses (rNA-L, rNA-T, and rNA-LT) were generated using reverse genetics by either replacing the 3' leader or 5' trailer sequence of NA-1 strain or both with the corresponding sequences of the LaSota strain. Viral replication kinetics and pathogenicity of rNA-L and rNA-T were indistinguishable to that of the parental NA-1 strain, demonstrating that individual replacement or 3' or 5' terminal sequences had little influence. However, the synchronal replacement of both 3' and 5' terminal sequences resulted in decreased viral plaque size, reduced virulence and weaker pathogenicity in 2-week-old chickens. Therefore, our results suggest that the 3' and 5' terminal sequences of NDV genome could only influence the viral virulence when worked collaboratively, while separate replacement would not alter its biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Quartermaster Technology Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shenqing Yu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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44
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Kammon A, Monne I, Asheg A, Cattoli G. Molecular detection and characterisation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city of Libya. Open Vet J 2018; 8:401-405. [PMID: 30538930 PMCID: PMC6243211 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) is the causative agent of Newcastle Disease which affects many species of birds leading to high mortality and heavy economic losses among poultry industry worldwide. Newcastle disease is endemic in Libya with frequent outbreaks occurring in commercial and backyard poultry. APMV-1 was isolated and characterised during the outbreak in 2013. In current study, we report another Newcastle disease outbreak that emerged in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city on March 2015. Two viruses were detected in cloacal swabs from backyard chickens, namely APMV-1/Libya/15VIR5368/2015 and APMV-1/Libya/15VIR5371/2015. Genetic sequencing of these viruses revealed the presence of velogenic APMV-1 belonging to genotype VIIi genetically similar to the viruses isolated on 2013. During the same period, neurologic signs and mortality were noticed in pigeons. Samples of brain tissue were tested by rRT-PCR which revealed presence of velogenic APMV-1 belonging to lineage 4A (GKKRKR*F Lin.4A) or genotype VIb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection and molecular characterization of APMV-1 in a pigeon in Libya. The phylogenetic analysis of the F gene showed 86% identity to isolates from Iran and Egypt. This study may indicate the circulation of APMV-1 within backyard birds and pigeons which may present a threat to commercial poultry. Considering these findings, vaccination of backyard birds and pigeons and further epidemiological studies are strongly strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Kammon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita, 10, Legnaro, Padova 35020, Italy
| | - Abdulatif Asheg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita, 10, Legnaro, Padova 35020, Italy
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45
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Rehman ZU, Meng C, Sun Y, Mahrose KM, Umar S, Ding C, Munir M. Pathobiology of Avian avulavirus 1: special focus on waterfowl. Vet Res 2018; 49:94. [PMID: 30231933 PMCID: PMC6148804 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian avulaviruses serotype 1 (abbreviated as APMV-1 for the historical name avian paramyxovirus 1) are capable of infecting a wide spectrum of avian species with variable clinical symptoms and outcomes. Ease of transmission has allowed the virus to spread worldwide with varying degrees of virulence depending upon the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes from global epizootics, and the year-to-year genomic changes in low and high virulence APMV-1 imply that distinct genotypes of APMV-1 are simultaneously evolving at different geographic locations across the globe. This vast genomic diversity may be favoured by large variety of avian species susceptibility to APMV-1 infection, and by the availability of highly mobile wild birds. It has long been considered that waterfowls are not sensitive to APMV-1 and are unable to show any clinical signs, however, outbreaks from the 90's contradict these concepts. The APMV-1 isolates are increasingly reported from the waterfowl. Waterfowl have strong innate immune responses, which minimize the impact of virus infection, however, are unable to prevent the viral shedding. Numerous APMV-1 are carried by domestic waterfowl intermingling with terrestrial poultry. Therefore, commercial ducks and geese should be vaccinated against APMV-1 to minimize the virus shedding and for the prevention the transmission. Genetic diversity within APMV-1 demonstrates the need for continual monitoring of viral evolution and periodic updates of vaccine seed-strains to achieve efficient control and eradication of APMV-1 in waterfowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaib Ur Rehman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.,Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Sajid Umar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
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46
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Zhang T, Ren M, Liu C, Xu L, Wang F, Han Z, Shao Y, Ma D. Comparative analysis of early immune responses induced by two strains of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00701. [PMID: 30070070 PMCID: PMC6460277 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease, caused by virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and is responsible for serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In the current study, we compared the early immune responses in chickens infected with two strains of velogenic NDV, a duck origin, named GD strain (Md/CH/LGD/1/2005, genotype VIId), and an chicken origin, F48E9 strain (genotype IX). The viral RNA level of GD strain was significantly higher than those of F48E9 in most tissues of chicken. Furthermore, the high level of viral RNA of the GD strain was associated with a stronger immune response compared to that of F48E9, characterized by upregulated expression of some of avian β‐defensins and cytokines, most of toll‐like receptors, and some of the other immune‐related genes investigated. This study thus demonstrated differences in host early immune responses to the two NDV strains. Further studies are needed to characterize the basic molecular mechanisms involved in the host responses in chickens infected by the two NDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chenggang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Deying Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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47
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Meng C, Rehman ZU, Liu K, Qiu X, Tan L, Sun Y, Liao Y, Song C, Yu S, Ding Z, Nair V, Munir M, Ding C. Potential of genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses to cause differential infections in chickens and ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1851-1862. [PMID: 30043428 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by ND virus (NDV), is one of the most infectious and economically important diseases of the poultry industry worldwide. While infections are reported in a wide range of avian species, the pathogenicity of chicken-origin virulent NDV isolates in ducks remains elusive. In this study, two NDV strains were isolated and biologically and genetically characterized from an outbreak in chickens and apparently healthy ducks. Pathogenicity assessment indices, including the mean death time (MDT), intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and cleavage motifs in the fusion (F) protein, indicated that both isolates were velogenic in nature. While these isolates carried pathogenic characteristics, interestingly they showed differential pathogenicity in ducks. The chicken-origin isolate caused high (70%) mortality, whereas the duck-origin virus resulted in low (20%) mortality in 4-week-old ducks. Intriguingly, both isolates showed comparable disease pathologies in chickens. Full-genome sequence analysis showed that the virus genome contains 15 192 nucleotides and carried features that are characteristic of velogenic strains of NDV. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that both isolates clustered in class II and genotype VII. However, there were several mutations in the functionally important regions of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins, which may be responsible for the differential pathogenicity of these viruses in ducks. In summary, these results suggest that NDV strains with the same genotype show differential pathogenicity in chickens and ducks. Furthermore, chicken-origin virulent NDVs are more pathogenic for ducks than duck-origin viruses. These findings propose a role for chickens in the evolution of viral pathogenicity and the potential genetic resistance of ducks to poultry viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Shanghai Key laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaib Ur Rehman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Shanghai Key laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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48
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Triosanti LS, Wibowo MH, Widayanti R. Molecular characterization of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase fragment gene of Newcastle disease virus isolated from periodically-vaccinated farms. Vet World 2018; 11:657-666. [PMID: 29915505 PMCID: PMC5993761 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.657-666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is long known as an acute contagious and infectious disease of various bird species. Prior studies have acknowledged that the virus could cause up to 100% morbidity and mortality as well as reducing eggs production. In theory, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) in ND virus (NDV) is one of the surface glycoproteins that functions during the attachment, assembly, and maturation of the virus. On the fields, Indonesia has been recognized as an endemic country for ND where continuous outbreaks of ND in commercial chicken farms have been reported despite the implementation of periodical vaccination programs. Thus, this study aims at characterizing NDV isolated from periodically vaccinated commercial farms, comparing its genetic correlation based on their HN gene fragment with registered NDV originated from Indonesia as well as with existing vaccine strains. Materials and Methods: The HN gene fragment of NDV isolated from well-vaccinated farms was amplified using primer pairs of forward 5’ GTGAGTGCAACCCCTTTAGGTTGT 3’ and reverse 3’ TAGACCCCAGTGATGCATGAGTTG 3’ with a 694 bp product length. The nucleotide sequences of nine samples, which were gathered from Kulon Progo, Gunung Kidul (2), Boyolali (2), Magelang, Muntilan (2), Palembang, and Medan, were later compared with the sequences of HN gene of NDV available in NCBI Genbank database. The amino acid sequence analysis and multiple sequence alignment were conducted using the Mega7 program. Result: The data analysis on amino acid sequences showed that the structure of amino acid residue at positions 345-353 for all isolates appears to be PDEQDYQIR. The structure is the same as for archived samples from Indonesia and either LaSota or B1 vaccine strains. The amino acid distance between observed isolates and LaSota vaccine strain is 8.2-8.8% with a homology value at 91.2-91.7%. Conclusion: Looking at amino acid sequence analysis, LaSota vaccines can considerably be stated as being protective against ND disease outbreak. However, the distant homology value from a perfect condition for the protection might have acted as the root cause of vaccination failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia S Triosanti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michael Haryadi Wibowo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rini Widayanti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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49
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Manoharan VK, Varghese BP, Paldurai A, Samal SK. Effect of fusion protein cleavage site sequence on generation of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus vaccine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197253. [PMID: 29758054 PMCID: PMC5951571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic loss to poultry industry worldwide. Frequent outbreaks of ND in commercial chickens vaccinated with live vaccines suggest a need to develop improved vaccines that are genetically matched against circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. In this study, the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) sequence of NDV strain Banjarmasin/010 (Banj), a genotype VII NDV, was individually modified using primer mutagenesis to those of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotypes 2, 7 and 8 and compared with the recombinant Banjarmasin (rBanj) with avirulent NDV LaSota cleavage site (rBanj-LaSota). These FPCS mutations changed the in vitro cell-to-cell fusion activity and made rBanj FPCS mutant viruses highly attenuated in chickens. When chickens immunized with the rBanj FPCS mutant viruses and challenged with the virulent Banj, there was reduced challenge virus shedding observed compared to chickens immunized with the heterologous vaccine strain LaSota. Among the genotype VII NDV Banj vaccine candidates, rBanj-LaSota and rBanj containing FPCS of APMV-8 induced highest neutralizing antibody titers and protected chickens with reduced challenge virus shedding. These results show the effect of the F protein cleavage site sequence in generating genotype VII matched NDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth K. Manoharan
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Berin P. Varghese
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks. Virusdisease 2018; 29:180-191. [PMID: 29911151 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to genus Avulavirus and family Paramyxoviridae. There are thirteen serotypes named APMV-I (Avian Paramyxovirus-I) to APMV-13 of which NDV has been designated as APMV-1. The disease has been reported worldwide affecting both domestic and wild avian species. Morbidity and mortality rates up to 100% have been reported in cases of unvaccinated flocks. Stringent vaccination schedule is practiced in endemic/disease prone areas in order to prevent the disease. Despite this, NDV outbreaks have been reported even in cases of vaccinated populations. In this study we describe detailed pathological and molecular investigation that were undertaken in an organized poultry farm from Bareilly region, Uttar Pradesh, India, involving layer flocks which succumbed to ND outbreak in spite of following strict vaccination protocol. The mortality rate ranged from 76.80 to 84.41% in different flocks with an average mortality of 79.50%. Necropsied birds had gross lesions suggestive of viscerotropic ND including petechial hemorrhages on the proventricular tips, intestinal lumen with necrotic areas covered with hemorrhages, hemorrhagic cecal tonsils, para-tracheal edema and mottling of spleen. The characteristic histopathological lesions were mainly seen in the blood vessels and lymphoid tissues. Vascular changes characterized by congestion, edema, and hemorrhage were found in majority of the organs. Lymphocytolysis in spleen and cecal tonsils was evident. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive signals mostly in macrophage and lymphocytes. PCR assay was done to confirm the NDV genome, which revealed an amplicon size of 356 bp. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the resemblance of the present isolate (ADS01) with class II genotype NDV XIIIA. The isolate belonged to velogenic NDV as the Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD) and Mean Death Time (MDT) for the present isolate were 10-8 and 41 h, respectively. Thus this study clearly demonstrates that in spite of strict vaccination regime and biosecurity procedures, ND continues to be rampant. Hence it is important to effectively administer the present vaccine in addition to strains matching to the field isolates to provide longer and optimal protection against spreading of virus by means of reducing the extent of viral shedding.
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