1
|
Goraichuk IV, Msoffe PLM, Chiwanga GH, Dimitrov KM, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Complete genome sequence of seven virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates of sub-genotype XIII.1.1 from Tanzania. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0040523. [PMID: 37750692 PMCID: PMC10586168 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00405-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of seven virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) that were isolated from chickens from live bird markets in the Arusha, Iringa, Mbeya, and Tanga regions of Tanzania in 2012. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belong to sub-genotype XIII.1.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Peter L. M. Msoffe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goraichuk IV, Gerilovych A, Bolotin V, Solodiankin O, Dimitrov KM, Rula O, Muzyka N, Mezinov O, Stegniy B, Kolesnyk O, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Afonso CL, Muzyka D. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1026296. [PMID: 36742982 PMCID: PMC9893288 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1026296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Bolotin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Solodiankin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnyk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Denys Muzyka ✉
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahoo N, Bhuyan K, Panda B, Behura NC, Biswal S, Samal L, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Joshi VG, Jindal N, Mahajan NK, Maan S, Ravishankar C, Rajasekhar R, Radzio-Basu J, Herzog CM, Kapur V, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in domestic chickens in the Indian state of Odisha. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264028. [PMID: 35171961 PMCID: PMC8849498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious disease that affects a variety of domestic and wild avian species. Though ND is vaccine-preventable, it is a persistent threat to poultry industry across the globe. The disease represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chickens. To better understand the epidemiology of NDV among commercial and backyard chickens of Odisha, where chicken farming is being prioritized to assist with poverty alleviation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two distinct seasons during 2018. Choanal swabs (n = 1361) from live birds (commercial layers, broilers, and backyard chicken) and tracheal tissues from dead birds (n = 10) were collected and tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes of NDV. Risk factors at the flock and individual bird levels (health status, ND vaccination status, geographical zone, management system, and housing) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of the 1371 samples tested, 160 were positive for M gene amplification indicating an overall apparent prevalence of 11.7% (95% CI 10.1–13.5%). Circulation of virulent NDV strains was also evident with apparent prevalence of 8.1% (13/160; 95% CI: 4.8–13.4%). In addition, commercial birds had significantly higher odds (75%) of being infected with NDV as compared to backyard poultry (p = 0.01). This study helps fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in apparently healthy birds in eastern India, and provides a framework for future longitudinal research of NDV risk and mitigation in targeted geographies—a step forward for effective control of ND in Odisha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Sahoo
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kashyap Bhuyan
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswaranjan Panda
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nrushingha Charan Behura
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangram Biswal
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipismita Samal
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G. Joshi
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nand K. Mahajan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Ravindran Rajasekhar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Herzog
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joshi VG, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Maan S, Mahajan NK, Ravishankar C, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Radzio-Basu J, Herzog CM, Kapur V, Goel P, Jindal N, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Commercial and Backyard Poultry in Haryana, India. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:725232. [PMID: 34805330 PMCID: PMC8600042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.725232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes Newcastle disease (ND) in poultry. The ND is a highly contagious disease, which is endemic in several countries despite regular vaccination with live or killed vaccines. Studies on NDV in India are mostly targeted toward its detection and characterization from disease outbreaks. A surveillance study was undertaken to determine NDV prevalence throughout the state of Haryana from March 2018 to March 2020 using a stratified sampling scheme. The state was divided into three different zones and a total of 4,001 choanal swab samples were collected from backyard poultry, commercial broilers, and layers. These samples were tested for the M gene of NDV using real-time RT-PCR. Of the 4,001 samples tested, 392 were positive (9.8% apparent prevalence; 95% CI: 8.9–10.8%) for the M gene. Of these 392 M gene positive samples, 35 (8.9%; 95% CI: 6.4–12.3%) were found to be positive based on F gene real-time RT-PCR. Circulation of NDV in commercial and backyard poultry highlights the importance of surveillance studies even in apparently healthy flocks. The information generated in this study should contribute to better understanding of NDV epidemiology in India and may help formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial and backyard birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Parveen Goel
- Directorate of Research, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amoia CFAN, Nnadi PA, Ezema C, Couacy-Hymann E. Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in Africa with emphasis on Côte d'Ivoire: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:1727-1740. [PMID: 34475692 PMCID: PMC8404124 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1727-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, Newcastle disease (ND) has long been recognized as a frontline viral disease that constrains poultry production throughout Africa. The need to update on the epidemiology of the disease is rife, due to the increasing importance of poultry farming. In addition, poultry farming serves as the top animal food source globally. However, in Africa, the greater population of poultry is reared under traditional and conventional husbandry methods. This hugely impedes the ability of management practices to be correctly embraced in limiting or excluding viral pathogens in the poultry production chain. We conducted this review to consolidate recently published studies in the field and provide an overview of the disease. We reviewed original studies conducted on ND, the current taxonomic classification of the virus, clinical signs of the disease, and laboratory diagnostic methods available for virus detection and typing. This review additionally examined the control methods currently used, including available or circulating vaccines, vaccinations, recent vaccine findings, and the main variants of the virus present in West Africa. More specifically, we present a review of the current status and available information on the disease in Côte d’Ivoire. The lack of up-to-date and relevant information on the current prevalence, socio-economic impact, and ethnoveterinary medicine used against ND is probably the main limitation for appropriate and effective decision-making for better control of this disease in Côte d’Ivoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Franck Arthur N'Guessan Amoia
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.,LANADA/Central Laboratory for Animal Diseases, B.P 206 Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Pius Ajanwachukwu Nnadi
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chuka Ezema
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molouki A, Soltani M, Akhijahani MM, Merhabadi MHF, Abtin A, Shoushtari A, Langeroudi AG, Lim SHE, Allahyari E, Abdoshah M, Pourbakhsh SA. Circulation of at Least Six Distinct Groups of Pigeon-Derived Newcastle Disease Virus in Iran Between 1996 and 2019. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2672-2681. [PMID: 34008101 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest Newcastle disease virus (NDV) classification system, Iranian PPMV-1 isolates were classified as either XXI.1.1 or XXI.2 subgenotypes only. However, a few recent studies have suggested the possible existence of other Iranian PPMV-1 genotypes/subgenotypes. Recently, we isolated a PPMV-1 closely related to the African origin subgenotype VI.2.1.2 from an ill captive pigeon in a park aviary in central Tehran (Pg/IR/AMMM160/2019). This subgenotype had never been reported from Iran or neighboring countries. We also isolated a subgenotype VII.1.1 NDV (Pg/IR/AMMM117/2018), usually reported from non-pigeon birds in Iran. The nucleotide distance of AMMM117 was 1.0-2.5% compared to other Iranian subgenotypes VII.1.1 isolates. However, usually the same year VII.1.1 viruses that we isolate from Iranian poultry farms show negligible distances (0.0-0.5%). More isolates are required to study if this difference is due to subgenotype VII.1.1 being circulated and mutated in pigeons. Here, we also characterized two other isolates, namely Pg/IR/AMMM168/2019 and Pg/IR/MAM39/2017. The latter is the first Iranian subgenotype XXI.1.1 to be featured in the NDV datasets of the international NDV consortium. We also investigated the phylogenetic relation of all the published Iranian pigeon-derived NDV to date and updated the grouping according to the latest classification system. We have concluded that at least six different groups of pigeon-derived NDV have been circulating in Iran since 1996, four of which have been reported from just one city over the last seven years. This study suggests that the Iranian pigeon-origin NDV have been more diverse than the Iranian poultry-derived NDV in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh Akhijahani
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Merhabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abtin
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdelhamid Shoushtari
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostics, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gerber PF, Gould N, McGahan E. Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6664-6684. [PMID: 33248583 PMCID: PMC7705057 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bedding material or litter is an important requirement of meat chicken production which can influence bird welfare, health, and food safety. A substantial increase in demand and cost of chicken bedding has stimulated interest in alternative bedding sources worldwide. However, risks arising from the use of alternative bedding materials for raising meat chickens are currently unknown. Organic chemicals, elemental, and biological contaminants, as well as physical and management hazards need to be managed in litter to protect the health of chickens and consequently that of human consumers. This requires access to information on the transfer of contaminants from litter to food to inform risk profiles and assessments to guide litter risk management. In this review, contaminants and hazards of known and potential concern in alternative bedding are described and compared with existing standards for feed. The contaminants considered in this review include organic chemical contaminants (e.g., pesticides), elemental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, and lead), biological contaminants (phytotoxins, mycotoxins, and microorganisms), physical hazards, and management hazards. Reference is made to scientific literature for acceptable levels of the above contaminants in chicken feed that can be used for guidance by those involved in selecting and using bedding materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Nic Gould
- Integrity Ag and Environment, New England Highway, Highfields, QLD 4352, Australia
| | - Eugene McGahan
- Integrity Ag and Environment, New England Highway, Highfields, QLD 4352, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayala AJ, Yabsley MJ, Hernandez SM. A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken-Wild Bird Interface. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:539925. [PMID: 33195512 PMCID: PMC7541960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.539925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat conversion and the expansion of domesticated, invasive species into native habitats are increasingly recognized as drivers of pathogen emergence at the agricultural-wildlife interface. Poultry agriculture is one of the largest subsets of this interface, and pathogen spillover events between backyard chickens and wild birds are becoming more commonly reported. Native wild bird species are under numerous anthropogenic pressures, but the risks of pathogen spillover from domestic chickens have been historically underappreciated as a threat to wild birds. Now that the backyard chicken industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, it is imperative that the principles of biosecurity, specifically bioexclusion and biocontainment, are legislated and implemented. We reviewed the literature on spillover events of pathogens historically associated with poultry into wild birds. We also reviewed the reasons for biosecurity failures in backyard flocks that lead to those spillover events and provide recommendations for current and future backyard flock owners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Ayala
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael J. Yabsley
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sonia M. Hernandez
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turan N, Ozsemir C, Yilmaz A, Cizmecigil UY, Aydin O, Bamac OE, Gurel A, Kutukcu A, Ozsemir K, Tali HE, Tali BH, Yilmaz SG, Yaramanoglu M, Tekelioğlu BK, Ozsoy S, Richt JA, Iqbal M, Yilmaz H. Identification of Newcastle disease virus subgenotype VII.2 in wild birds in Turkey. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:277. [PMID: 32771001 PMCID: PMC7414739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets placed around the Kucukcekmece lake Avcilar, Istanbul, in spring seasons of 2016 and 2018. In total, 297 birds belonging to 42 different species were trapped, categorized according to species and sex, and flocked oropharyngeal swabs were collected. In addition, flocked swabs were also collected from 115 mallards caught by hunters around Edirne and from 207 birds which had been treated in the Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul university-Cerrahpasa. Tissue samples were taken from dead wild birds brought by public to Veterinary Faculty. A total of 619 flocked oropharyngeal swabs were pooled into 206 samples. RNA was extracted from swabs and tissue samples. Real-time RT-PCR prob. assay was used to detect NDV-RNA in samples. RESULTS There was no amplification in real time RT-PCR in samples taken from wild birds caught by traps. However, amplification of NDV-F gene was observed in oropharyngeal swabs taken from 2 waterfowls (Common Moorhen and Mallard), and in tissue samples taken from 2 little owls and 1 common kestrel. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these 5 samples for NDV-F gene showed great similarity with NDV subgenotype VII.2 viruses. Analysis also showed that there is a high similarity with the F gene sequences previously reported from Turkey in 2012 and as well as the sequences from neighbouring countries Bulgaria and Georgia and geographically close country such as Pakistan. Although the strains found in this study are closely related, there is a relatively small degree of molecular divergence within 543 bp of F gene of the Turkish NDV isolate and strains detected in Israel, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates and Belgium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the presence of subgenotype VII.2 of NDVs in wild birds in north west of Turkey and demonstrated some degree of molecular evolution when compared to the earlier NDV-VII.2 isolate in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ozsemir
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Y Cizmecigil
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kutukcu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Ozsemir
- Department of Wild Animals and Ecology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Besim H Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semaha G Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmetcan Yaramanoglu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kaan Tekelioğlu
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cukurova, Ceyhan, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Ozsoy
- Department of Wild Animals and Ecology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Isolation and genetic characterization of virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus-1 from multiple avian species in Azad Jammu and Kashmir 2017-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:385-394. [PMID: 31768926 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive vaccination, endemicity of Avian paramyxoviruses-1 (APMV-1) is a significant problem in developing countries in Africa, Middle East, and Asia. Given the importance of APMV-1 in poultry and multiple non-poultry avian species, it is important to continue surveillance programs, routine monitoring and characterization of field isolates in the region where viruses are endemic. The purpose of this study was to pathotyped and genetically characterized 21 APMV-1s isolated from multiple avian species reared in different regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Phylogenetic analysis based on complete fusion (F) gene sequences showed that 17 APMV-1 isolates obtained from commercial poultry and backyard birds belonged to sub-genotype VIIi. Though, one pigeon-origin APMV-1 isolate was clustered in sub-genotype VIg and three in recently designated new sub-genotype VIm of genotype VI. The pigeon-origin isolates had the following two motifs 113-RKKR↓F-117 and 113-RQRR↓F-117, while all other isolates had the polybasic amino acid sequence 113-RQKR↓F-117 at the F-cleavage site, which is characteristic of virulent APMV-1 strains. These results are consistent with the five viruses that had intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPIs) of between 1.50 and 1.73, corresponding to a velogenic pathotype. The APMV-1s isolated from commercial poultry and backyard birds in this study showed low nucleotide distance (0.3-0.9%) and genetically closely related (> 97%) to viruses repeatedly isolated (2011-2017) from multiple avian species in other states of Pakistan. Strengthened surveillance programs in both commercial poultry and backyard flocks are needed to better assess the commercial-backyard bird interface and form a basis for evidence-based measures to limit and prevent APMV-1 transmission.
Collapse
|
11
|
Habib M, Yaqub T, Aziz-Ul-Rahman, Sohail T, Shahbaz M, Shehzad W, Munir M, Shabbir MZ. Evaluation of transmission potential and pathobiological characteristics of mallard originated Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (sub-genotype VII.2) in commercial broilers. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103785. [PMID: 31604156 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1), affects multiple avian species around the globe. Frequent disease outbreaks are not uncommon even in vaccinates despite routine vaccination and, in this regards, viruses of diverse genotypes originating from natural reservoirs (migratory waterfowls) play an important role in a disease endemic setting. Though genomic characterization of waterfowl originated viruses has been well-elucidated previously, there is a paucity of data on clinico-pathological assessment of mallard-originated sub-genotype VII.2 in commercial chickens. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate its transmission potential, tissue tropism and micro- and macroscopic lesions in commercial broilers. Based on complete genome and complete F gene, phylogenetic analysis clustered the study isolate within genotype VII and sub-genotype VII.2 in close association with those reported previously from multiple avian species worldwide. The study strain was found to be velogenic on the basis of typical residue pattern in the F-protein cleavage site (112R-RQ-K-R↓F117), sever disease induction in chicken, tissue tropism and subsequent clinico-pathological characteristics. Giving a clear evidence of horizontal transmission, a 100% mortality was observed by 4th and 6th day post infection (dpi) in chickens challenged with the virus and those kept with the challenged birds (contact birds), respectively. The observed clinical signs, particularly the greenish diarrhea, and macroscopic lesions such as pinpoint hemorrhages in proventriculus and caecal tonsils were typical of the infection caused by an AOAV-1 in chickens. The virus exhibited a broad tissue tropism where genomic RNA corresponding to study virus was detected in all of the tissues collected from recently mortile and necropsied birds. The study concludes that mallard-originated Avian orthoavulavirus 1 is highly velogenic to commercial chicken and therefore ascertain continuous disease monitoring and surveillance of migratory/aquatic fowls to better elucidate infection epidemiology and subsequent potential impacts on commercial poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momena Habib
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ul-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyebah Sohail
- Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, 12500, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hicks JT, Dimitrov KM, Afonso CL, Ramey AM, Bahl J. Global phylodynamic analysis of avian paramyxovirus-1 provides evidence of inter-host transmission and intercontinental spatial diffusion. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:108. [PMID: 31126244 PMCID: PMC6534909 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian avulavirus (commonly known as avian paramyxovirus-1 or APMV-1) can cause disease of varying severity in both domestic and wild birds. Understanding how viruses move among hosts and geography would be useful for informing prevention and control efforts. A Bayesian statistical framework was employed to estimate the evolutionary history of 1602 complete fusion gene APMV-1 sequences collected from 1970 to 2016 in order to infer viral transmission between avian host orders and diffusion among geographic regions. Ancestral states were estimated with a non-reversible continuous-time Markov chain model, allowing transition rates between discrete states to be calculated. The evolutionary analyses were stratified by APMV-1 classes I (n = 198) and II (n = 1404), and only those sequences collected between 2006 and 2016 were allowed to contribute host and location information to the viral migration networks. RESULTS While the current data was unable to assess impact of host domestication status on APMV-1 diffusion, these analyses supported the sharing of APMV-1 among divergent host taxa. The highest supported transition rate for both classes existed from domestic chickens to Anseriformes (class I:6.18 transitions/year, 95% highest posterior density (HPD) 0.31-20.02, Bayes factor (BF) = 367.2; class II:2.88 transitions/year, 95%HPD 1.9-4.06, BF = 34,582.9). Further, among class II viruses, domestic chickens also acted as a source for Columbiformes (BF = 34,582.9), other Galliformes (BF = 34,582.9), and Psittaciformes (BF = 34,582.9). Columbiformes was also a highly supported source to Anseriformes (BF = 322.0) and domestic chickens (BF = 402.6). Additionally, our results provide support for the diffusion of viruses among continents and regions, but no interhemispheric viral exchange between 2006 and 2016. Among class II viruses, the highest transition rates were estimated from South Asia to the Middle East (1.21 transitions/year; 95%HPD 0.36-2.45; BF = 67,107.8), from Europe to East Asia (1.17 transitions/year; 95%HPD 0.12-2.61; BF = 436.2) and from Europe to Africa (1.06 transitions/year, 95%HPD 0.07-2.51; BF = 169.3). CONCLUSIONS While migration appears to occur infrequently, geographic movement may be important in determining viral diversification and population structure. In contrast, inter-order transmission of APMV-1 may occur readily, but most events are transient with few lineages persisting in novel hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Hicks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew M Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Welch CN, Shittu I, Abolnik C, Solomon P, Dimitrov KM, Taylor TL, Williams-Coplin D, Goraichuk IV, Meseko CA, Ibu JO, Gado DA, Joannis TM, Afonso CL. Genomic comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Nigeria between 2002 and 2015 reveals circulation of highly diverse genotypes and spillover into wild birds. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2031-2047. [PMID: 31123963 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has a wide avian host range and a high degree of genetic variability, and virulent strains cause Newcastle disease (ND), a worldwide concern for poultry health. Although NDV has been studied in Nigeria, genetic information about the viruses involved in the endemicity of the disease and the transmission that likely occurs at the poultry-wildlife interface is still largely incomplete. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing was performed to provide complete (n = 73) and partial genomic sequence data (n = 38) for NDV isolates collected from domestic and wild birds in Nigeria during 2002-2015, including the first complete genome sequences of genotype IV and subgenotype VIh from the African continent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that viruses of seven different genotypes circulated in that period, demonstrating high genetic diversity of NDV for a single country. In addition, a high degree of similarity between NDV isolates from domestic and wild birds was observed, suggesting that spillovers had occurred, including to three species that had not previously been shown to be susceptible to NDV infection. Furthermore, the first spillover of a mesogenic Komarov vaccine virus is documented, suggesting a previous spillover and evolution of this virus. The similarities between viruses from poultry and multiple bird species and the lack of evidence for host adaptation in codon usage suggest that transmission of NDV between poultry and non-poultry birds occurred recently. This is especially significant when considering that some viruses were isolated from species of conservation concern. The high diversity of NDV observed in both domestic and wild birds in Nigeria emphasizes the need for active surveillance and epidemiology of NDV in all bird species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharine N Welch
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Ponman Solomon
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Tonya L Taylor
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Clement A Meseko
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John O Ibu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas A Gado
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Tony M Joannis
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pathogenicity and transmission of virulent Newcastle disease virus from the 2018-2019 California outbreak and related viruses in young and adult chickens. Virology 2019; 531:203-218. [PMID: 30928699 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In May of 2018, virulent Newcastle disease virus was detected in sick, backyard, exhibition chickens in southern California. Since, the virus has affected 401 backyard and four commercial flocks, and one live bird market in California, and one backyard flock in Utah. The pathogenesis and transmission potential of this virus, along with two genetically related and widely studied viruses, chicken/California/2002 and chicken/Belize/2008, were evaluated in both 3-week- and 62-week-old chickens given a low, medium, or high challenge dose. All three viruses were highly virulent causing clinical signs, killing all the chickens in the medium and high dose groups, and efficiently transmitting to contacts. The three viruses also replicated in the reproductive tract of the adult hens. Virus shedding for all viruses was detected 24 hours after challenge, peaking with high titers at day 4 post challenge. Although not genetically identical, the studied isolates were shown to be phenotypically very similar, which allows the utilization of the available literature in the control of the current outbreak.
Collapse
|
15
|
Absalón AE, Cortés-Espinosa DV, Lucio E, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Epidemiology, control, and prevention of Newcastle disease in endemic regions: Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1033-1048. [PMID: 30877525 PMCID: PMC6520322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru) where it is either endemic or re-emerging. The disease is caused by infections with one of the different strains of virulent avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV), recently renamed Avian avulavirus 1. Here, we describe the molecular epidemiology of Latin American NDVs, current control and prevention methods, including vaccines and vaccination protocols, as well as future strategies for control of ND. Because the productive, cultural, economic, social, and ecological conditions that facilitate poultry endemicity in South America are similar to those in the developing world, most of the problems and control strategies described here are applicable to other continents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Absalón
- Vaxbiotek, S.C. San Lorenzo 122-7, 72700, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Carr. Est. Santa Ines Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | | | - E Lucio
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, PO Drawer 2497, Gainesville, GA, 30503-2497, USA
| | - P J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown VR, Bevins SN. A review of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and the role of wild birds in viral persistence and spread. Vet Res 2017; 48:68. [PMID: 29073919 PMCID: PMC5659000 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which causes substantial morbidity and mortality events worldwide in poultry. The virus strains can be differentiated as lentogenic, mesogenic, or velogenic based on a mean death time in chicken embryos. Currently, velogenic strains of NDV are not endemic in United States domestic poultry; however, these strains are present in other countries and are occasionally detected in wild birds in the U.S. A viral introduction into domestic poultry could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from sick and dying birds, the cost of control measures such as depopulation and disinfection measures, and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. Due to the disease-free status of the U.S. and the high cost of a potential viral incursion to the poultry industry, a qualitative risk analysis was performed to evaluate the vulnerabilities of the U.S. against the introduction of virulent strains of NDV. The most likely routes of virus introduction are explored and data gathered by several federal agencies is provided. Recommendations are ultimately provided for data that would be useful to further understand NDV on the landscape and to utilize all existing sampling opportunities to begin to comprehend viral movement and further characterize the risk of NDV introduction into the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), Chemical and Biological Defense Division (CBD), Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wajid A, Dimitrov KM, Wasim M, Rehmani SF, Basharat A, Bibi T, Arif S, Yaqub T, Tayyab M, Ababneh M, Sharma P, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Repeated isolation of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in poultry and captive non-poultry avian species in Pakistan from 2011 to 2016. Prev Vet Med 2017; 142:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|