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King S, Baron MD, Kidane M, Aklilu F, Kapur V, Herzog CM, Batten C. Complete genome of a 2014 isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus from Ethiopia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0024223. [PMID: 37462384 PMCID: PMC10508127 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00242-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the complete genome sequence of a peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate from Ethiopia in 2014. The strain (PPRV/Ethiopia/Habru/2014), which showed a normal virulence and relatively low morbidity in the field, belongs to the North African subclade of Lineage IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon King
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine M. Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carrie Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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2
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Arnold CRK, Srinivasan S, Rodriguez S, Rydzak N, Herzog CM, Gontu A, Bharti N, Small M, Rogers CJ, Schade MM, Kuchipudi SV, Kapur V, Read AF, Ferrari MJ. A longitudinal study of the impact of university student return to campus on the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the community members. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8586. [PMID: 35597780 PMCID: PMC9124192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Returning university students represent large-scale, transient demographic shifts and a potential source of transmission to adjacent communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we tested for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a non-random cohort of residents living in Centre County prior to the Fall 2020 term at the Pennsylvania State University and following the conclusion of the Fall 2020 term. We also report the seroprevalence in a non-random cohort of students collected at the end of the Fall 2020 term. Of 1313 community participants, 42 (3.2%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at their first visit between 07 August and 02 October 2020. Of 684 student participants who returned to campus for fall instruction, 208 (30.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between 26 October and 21 December. 96 (7.3%) community participants returned a positive IgG antibody result by 19 February. Only contact with known SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and attendance at small gatherings (20-50 individuals) were significant predictors of detecting IgG antibodies among returning students (aOR, 95% CI 3.1, 2.07-4.64; 1.52, 1.03-2.24; respectively). Despite high seroprevalence observed within the student population, seroprevalence in a longitudinal cohort of community residents was low and stable from before student arrival for the Fall 2020 term to after student departure. The study implies that heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur in geographically coincident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum R K Arnold
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Sreenidhi Srinivasan
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sophie Rodriguez
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Natalie Rydzak
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nita Bharti
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meg Small
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Margeaux M Schade
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew F Read
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew J Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Sahoo N, Bhuyan K, Panda B, Behura NC, Biswal S, Samal L, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Joshi VG, Jindal N, Mahajan NK, Maan S, Ravishankar C, Rajasekhar R, Radzio-Basu J, Herzog CM, Kapur V, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in domestic chickens in the Indian state of Odisha. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264028. [PMID: 35171961 PMCID: PMC8849498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious disease that affects a variety of domestic and wild avian species. Though ND is vaccine-preventable, it is a persistent threat to poultry industry across the globe. The disease represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chickens. To better understand the epidemiology of NDV among commercial and backyard chickens of Odisha, where chicken farming is being prioritized to assist with poverty alleviation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two distinct seasons during 2018. Choanal swabs (n = 1361) from live birds (commercial layers, broilers, and backyard chicken) and tracheal tissues from dead birds (n = 10) were collected and tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes of NDV. Risk factors at the flock and individual bird levels (health status, ND vaccination status, geographical zone, management system, and housing) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of the 1371 samples tested, 160 were positive for M gene amplification indicating an overall apparent prevalence of 11.7% (95% CI 10.1–13.5%). Circulation of virulent NDV strains was also evident with apparent prevalence of 8.1% (13/160; 95% CI: 4.8–13.4%). In addition, commercial birds had significantly higher odds (75%) of being infected with NDV as compared to backyard poultry (p = 0.01). This study helps fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in apparently healthy birds in eastern India, and provides a framework for future longitudinal research of NDV risk and mitigation in targeted geographies—a step forward for effective control of ND in Odisha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Sahoo
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kashyap Bhuyan
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswaranjan Panda
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nrushingha Charan Behura
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangram Biswal
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipismita Samal
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine and Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G. Joshi
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nand K. Mahajan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Ravindran Rajasekhar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Herzog
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sagar M. Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Ravishankar C, Ravindran R, John AA, Divakar N, Chandy G, Joshi V, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Mahajan NK, Maan S, Jindal N, Schilling MA, Herzog CM, Basu S, Radzio-Basu J, Kapur V, Goyal SM. Detection of Newcastle disease virus and assessment of associated relative risk in backyard and commercial poultry in Kerala, India. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1146-1156. [PMID: 35199954 PMCID: PMC9122440 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important viral disease affecting the poultry industry. In Kerala, a state in South India, incidences of ND in commercial and backyard poultry have been reported. But a systematic statewide study on the prevalence of the disease has not been carried out. Objectives A cross‐sectional survey was performed to detect the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in suspect cases and among apparently healthy commercial flocks and backyard poultry, in the state and to identify risk factors for NDV infection. Methods Real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to detect the M gene of NDV in choanal swabs and tissue samples collected from live and dead birds, respectively and the results were statistically analysed. Results The predominant clinical signs of the examined birds included mild respiratory signs, huddling together and greenish diarrhoea. Nervous signs in the form of torticollis were noticed in birds in some of the affected flocks. On necropsy, many birds had haemorrhages in the proventriculus and caecal tonsils which were suggestive of ND. Of the 2079 samples tested, 167 (8.0%) were positive for the NDV M‐gene by RT‐PCR. Among 893 samples collected from diseased flocks, 129 (14.5%), were positive for M gene with pairwise relative risk (RR) of 15.6 as compared to apparently healthy flocks where 6 out of 650 (0.9%) samples were positive. All positive samples were from poultry; none of the ducks, pigeons, turkey and wild birds were positive. Commercial broilers were at higher risk of infection than commercial layers (RR: 4.5) and backyard poultry (RR: 4.9). Similarly, birds reared under intensive housing conditions were at a higher risk of being infected as compared to those reared under semi‐intensive (RR: 6.7) or backyard housing (RR: 2.1). Multivariable analysis indicated that significantly higher risk of infection exists during migratory season and during ND outbreaks occurring nearby. Further, lower risk was observed with flock vaccination and backyard or semi‐intensive housing when compared to intensive housing. When the M gene positive samples were tested by RT‐PCR to determine whether the detected NDV were mesogenic/velogenic, 7 (4.2%) were positive. Conclusions In Kerala, NDV is endemic in poultry with birds reared commercially under intensive rearing systems being affected the most. The outcome of this study also provides a link between epidemiologic knowledge and the development of successful disease control measures. Statistical analysis suggests that wild bird migration season and presence of migratory birds influences the prevalence of the virus in the State. Further studies are needed to genotype and sub‐genotype the detected viruses and to generate baseline data on the prevalence of NDV strains, design better detection strategies, and determine patterns of NDV transmission across domestic poultry and wild bird populations in Kerala. A study was carried out to detect Newcastle disease virus in commercial and backyard chicken in Kerala, India, by employing real time RT‐PCR. The overall percentage positivity obtained was 8%. Risk analysis revealed significantly higher risk for broiler birds and intensive type of housing. The risk was also higher for birds housed in facilities in areas with a history of occurrence of the disease, if migratory birds were present in the area, and during bird migration season. It was also observed that vaccination had a protective effect as indicated by lower relative risk values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Rajasekhar Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Anneth Alice John
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Nithin Divakar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - George Chandy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, and Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Vinay Joshi
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology and Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India
| | - Megan A Schilling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Saurabh Basu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Russell MC, Herzog CM, Gajewski Z, Ramsay C, El Moustaid F, Evans MV, Desai T, Gottdenker NL, Hermann SL, Power AG, McCall AC. Both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators impact mosquito populations and have implications for disease transmission. eLife 2022; 11:e71503. [PMID: 35044908 PMCID: PMC8769645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions influence prey traits through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects, and variation in these traits can shape vector-borne disease dynamics. Meta-analysis methods were employed to generate predation effect sizes by different categories of predators and mosquito prey. This analysis showed that multiple families of aquatic predators are effective in consumptively reducing mosquito survival, and that the survival of Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes is negatively impacted by consumptive effects of predators. Mosquito larval size was found to play a more important role in explaining the heterogeneity of consumptive effects from predators than mosquito genus. Mosquito survival and body size were reduced by non-consumptive effects of predators, but development time was not significantly impacted. In addition, Culex vectors demonstrated predator avoidance behavior during oviposition. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that predators limit disease transmission by reducing both vector survival and vector size, and that associations between drought and human West Nile virus cases could be driven by the vector behavior of predator avoidance during oviposition. These findings are likely to be useful to infectious disease modelers who rely on vector traits as predictors of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Russell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusAscotUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Zachary Gajewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Chloe Ramsay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Fadoua El Moustaid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Michelle V Evans
- Odum School of Ecology & Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Trishna Desai
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Odum School of Ecology & Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensUnited States
| | - Sara L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - Alison G Power
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Andrew C McCall
- Biology Department, Denison UniversityGranvilleUnited States
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Joshi VG, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Singh R, Maan S, Mahajan NK, Ravishankar C, Sahoo N, Mor SK, Radzio-Basu J, Herzog CM, Kapur V, Goel P, Jindal N, Goyal SM. Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Commercial and Backyard Poultry in Haryana, India. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:725232. [PMID: 34805330 PMCID: PMC8600042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.725232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes Newcastle disease (ND) in poultry. The ND is a highly contagious disease, which is endemic in several countries despite regular vaccination with live or killed vaccines. Studies on NDV in India are mostly targeted toward its detection and characterization from disease outbreaks. A surveillance study was undertaken to determine NDV prevalence throughout the state of Haryana from March 2018 to March 2020 using a stratified sampling scheme. The state was divided into three different zones and a total of 4,001 choanal swab samples were collected from backyard poultry, commercial broilers, and layers. These samples were tested for the M gene of NDV using real-time RT-PCR. Of the 4,001 samples tested, 392 were positive (9.8% apparent prevalence; 95% CI: 8.9–10.8%) for the M gene. Of these 392 M gene positive samples, 35 (8.9%; 95% CI: 6.4–12.3%) were found to be positive based on F gene real-time RT-PCR. Circulation of NDV in commercial and backyard poultry highlights the importance of surveillance studies even in apparently healthy flocks. The information generated in this study should contribute to better understanding of NDV epidemiology in India and may help formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial and backyard birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Nand K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Chintu Ravishankar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Parveen Goel
- Directorate of Research, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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7
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Arnold CR, Srinivasan S, Rodriguez S, Rydzak N, Herzog CM, Gontu A, Bharti N, Small M, Rogers CJ, Schade MM, Kuchipudi SV, Kapur V, Read A, Ferrari MJ. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in a University Community: A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Student Return to Campus on Infection Risk Among Community Members. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.17.21251942. [PMID: 33619497 PMCID: PMC7899462 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.17.21251942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Returning university students represent large-scale, transient demographic shifts and a potential source of transmission to adjacent communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we tested for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a non-random cohort of residents living in Centre County prior to the Fall 2020 term at the Pennsylvania State University and following the conclusion of the Fall 2020 term. We also report the seroprevalence in a non-random cohort of students collected at the end of the Fall 2020 term. RESULTS Of 1313 community participants, 42 (3.2%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at their first visit between 07 August and 02 October 2020. Of 684 student participants who returned to campus for fall instruction, 208 (30.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between 26 October and 21 December. 96 (7.3%) community participants returned a positive IgG antibody result by 19 February. Only contact with known SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and attendance at small gatherings (20-50 individuals) were significant predictors of detecting IgG antibodies among returning students (aOR, 95% CI: 3.1, 2.07-4.64; 1.52, 1.03-2.24; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite high seroprevalence observed within the student population, seroprevalence in a longitudinal cohort of community residents was low and stable from before student arrival for the Fall 2020 term to after student departure. The study implies that heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur in geographically coincident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum R.K. Arnold
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Sreenidhi Srinivasan
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Sophie Rodriguez
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Natalie Rydzak
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Catherine M. Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Nita Bharti
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Meg Small
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Connie J. Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Margeaux M. Schade
- Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Andrew Read
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
| | - Matthew J. Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 16802
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Herzog CM, de Glanville WA, Willett BJ, Cattadori IM, Kapur V, Hudson PJ, Buza J, Swai ES, Cleaveland S, Bjørnstad ON. Peste des petits ruminants Virus Transmission Scaling and Husbandry Practices That Contribute to Increased Transmission Risk: An Investigation among Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Northern Tanzania. Viruses 2020; 12:E930. [PMID: 32847058 PMCID: PMC7552010 DOI: 10.3390/v12090930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an infectious disease of high morbidity and mortality among sheep and goats which impacts millions of livestock keepers globally. PPRV transmission risk varies by production system, but a deeper understanding of how transmission scales in these systems and which husbandry practices impact risk is needed. To investigate transmission scaling and husbandry practice-associated risk, this study combined 395 household questionnaires with over 7115 cross-sectional serosurvey samples collected in Tanzania among agropastoral and pastoral households managing sheep, goats, or cattle (most managed all three, n = 284, 71.9%). Although self-reported compound-level herd size was significantly larger in pastoral than agropastoral households, the data show no evidence that household herd force of infection (FOI, per capita infection rate of susceptible hosts) increased with herd size. Seroprevalence and FOI patterns observed at the sub-village level showed significant spatial variation in FOI. Univariate analyses showed that household herd FOI was significantly higher when households reported seasonal grazing camp attendance, cattle or goat introduction to the compound, death, sale, or giving away of animals in the past 12 months, when cattle were grazed separately from sheep and goats, and when the household also managed dogs or donkeys. Multivariable analyses revealed that species, production system type, and goat or sheep introduction or seasonal grazing camp attendance, cattle or goat death or sales, or goats given away in the past 12 months significantly increased odds of seroconversion, whereas managing pigs or cattle attending seasonal grazing camps had significantly lower odds of seroconversion. Further research should investigate specific husbandry practices across production systems in other countries and in systems that include additional atypical host species to broaden understanding of PPRV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Herzog
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (I.M.C.); (V.K.); (P.J.H.); (O.N.B.)
| | - William A. de Glanville
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (W.A.d.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Brian J. Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Isabella M. Cattadori
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (I.M.C.); (V.K.); (P.J.H.); (O.N.B.)
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (I.M.C.); (V.K.); (P.J.H.); (O.N.B.)
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (I.M.C.); (V.K.); (P.J.H.); (O.N.B.)
| | - Joram Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha Box 447, Tanzania;
| | - Emmanuel S. Swai
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma Box 2870, Tanzania;
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (W.A.d.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Ottar N. Bjørnstad
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (I.M.C.); (V.K.); (P.J.H.); (O.N.B.)
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Herzog CM, Chao SY, Eilerman PA, Luce BK, Carnahan DH. Metabolic syndrome in the Military Health System based on electronic health data, 2009-2012. Mil Med 2016; 180:83-90. [PMID: 25562862 DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-14-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome prevalence in the United States rose from 27% to 34.2% between 1999-2000 and 1999-2006. However, prevalence has not been determined in the Military Health System. This retrospective descriptive study included enrolled Military Health System adults during fiscal years 2009-2012. We explored three populations (nonactive duty, active duty, and Air Force active duty) and their metabolic syndrome components (body mass index or waist circumference, blood glucose test, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and blood pressure). The active duty sample (who had all five components measured) was representative of its population, but the nonactive duty sample was not. Therefore, we reported component-wise prevalence for both nonactive and active duty populations, but only reported prevalence of metabolic syndrome for active duty. A decreasing trend, greater in men, was seen. Crude prevalence in 2012 was higher among men and highest among males and females aged 45-64. Only Air Force active duty data contained waist circumference measurements, enabling comparison to the United States. This subgroup prevalence was significantly lower than the United States prevalence in 2010 for both genders in every age group. Although decreasing metabolic syndrome prevalence is promising, prevalence is still high and future research should explore policies to help lower the prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Herzog
- United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, Healthcare Informatics Division, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Susan Y Chao
- United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, Healthcare Informatics Division, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Patricia A Eilerman
- United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, Healthcare Informatics Division, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Beverly K Luce
- United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, Healthcare Informatics Division, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - David H Carnahan
- United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, Healthcare Informatics Division, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
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10
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Eilerman PA, Herzog CM, Luce BK, Chao SY, Walker SM, Zarzabal LA, Carnahan DH. A comparison of obesity prevalence: military health system and United States populations, 2009-2012. Mil Med 2015; 179:462-70. [PMID: 24806489 DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-13-00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased over the past 30 years. Few studies have looked at the enrolled Military Health System (MHS) population (2.2 million per year). This descriptive study examined trends in overweight and obesity in both children and adults from fiscal years 2009 to 2012 and compared them to the U.S. population. Prevalence in MHS children decreased over time for overweight (14.2-13.8%) and obesity (11.7-10.9%). Active duty adults showed an increase in overweight prevalence (52.7-53.4%) and a decrease in obesity prevalence (18.9-18.3%). For nonactive duty, both overweight and obesity prevalence remained relatively unchanged around 33%. For both children and adults, overweight and obesity prevalence increased with age, except for obesity in the nonactive duty ≥ 65 subgroup. When compared to the United States by gender and age, MHS children generally had a lower overweight and obesity prevalence, active duty adults had higher overweight and lower obesity prevalence, and nonactive duty adults had comparable overweight and obesity prevalence, except for obesity in both men in the 40 to 59 subgroup and women in ≥ 60 subgroup. More research on the MHS population is needed to identify risk factors and modifiable health behaviors that could defeat the disease of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Eilerman
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Catherine M Herzog
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Beverly K Luce
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Susan Y Chao
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Sandra M Walker
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - Lee A Zarzabal
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
| | - David H Carnahan
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226
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11
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Chao SY, Zarzabal LA, Walker SM, Herzog CM, Eilerman PA, Luce BK, Carnahan DH. Estimating diabetes prevalence in the Military Health System population from 2006 to 2010. Mil Med 2014; 178:986-93. [PMID: 24005548 DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-13-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based articles have demonstrated an increase in diabetes prevalence, but diabetes prevalence in the enrolled Military Health System population was previously understudied. Variability in diabetes prevalence rates calculated from 5 groups of algorithms was examined in the Military Health System population (3 million enrollees per year) from fiscal years 2006 to 2010. Time trend analysis and rate comparisons to the U.S. population were also performed. Increasing linear trends in diabetes prevalence from 2006 to 2010 were seen in all algorithms, though considerable rate variation was observed within each study year. Prevalence increased with age, except for a slight decrease in those ≥75 years. Overall diagnosed diabetes prevalence ranged from 7.26% to 11.22% in 2006 and from 8.29% to 13.55% in 2010. Prevalence among active duty members remained stable, but a significant upward trend was observed among nonactive duty members across study years. Age-standardized rates among nonactive duty females were higher than the U.S. population rates from 2006 to 2010. This study demonstrates prevalence rate variability because of differing case algorithms and shows evidence of a growing diabetes population in the Military Health System, specifically within the nonactive duty 45 years and older demographic groups. Further research of this population should focus on validation of case definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Chao
- Healthcare Informatics Division, United States Air Force Medical Support Agency, 3515 S General McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226, USA
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Herzog CM, Dey S, Hablas A, Khaled HM, Seifeldin IA, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H, Wilson ML, Soliman AS. Geographic distribution of hematopoietic cancers in the Nile delta of Egypt. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2748-2755. [PMID: 22553197 PMCID: PMC3457749 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence indicated that incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are high in Egypt although little is known about risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah governorate in Egypt, we assessed the 1999-2005 incidence of hematopoietic cancers (HCs) based on the ICD-O3 by age- and sex-specific urban-rural distribution. RESULTS NHL showed the highest incidence among all HCs (11.7 per 100 000). Urban incidence of HCs was higher than rural incidence. Incidence rates of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and NHL were high especially among urban males up to the 64-year age category. Rural incidence of HL and NHL was high below age 20. Among the districts of the governorate, we observed NHL incidence pattern similar to that observed for hepatocellular carcinoma because of the possible link to hepatitis C virus for both cancers. Comparison to the published HCs data from Algeria, Cyprus, and Jordan showed the highest NHL rate in Egypt than the other countries in the region. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should define the role of environmental exposures in hematopoietic carcinogenesis in this population. In-depth studies should also investigate the role of access to health care in the urban-rural variation of HC distribution in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Herzog
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - S Dey
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - A Hablas
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H M Khaled
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I A Seifeldin
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M Ramadan
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H El-Hamzawy
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - A S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA.
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13
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Herzog CM, Soliman AS, Eldein IAS, Hablas A, Ramadan M, Wilson M. Abstract 1820: Patterns of hematopoietic cancers in Egypt from a population-based registry. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Rates of lymphoma are rising by 4% annually in the United States. Globally, lymphoma incidence rates are also on the rise with about 342,000 new cases per year. Egypt, where hematopoietic (blood and lymphatic) cancer is considered common, has one of the highest age-standardized incidence rates of lymphoma in the world (16.3/100,000), greater than that of the United States (15.3/100,000). Risk factors for hematopoietic cancers include radiation, viral and bacterial infections, occupational and environmental exposures, family history, and genetic mutations. We evaluated the incidence of these cancers in Egypt and analyzed them in relation to select risk factors to better understand their etiology.
Methods: Hematopoietic cancer case data for 1999-2005 from the Gharbiah Population-Based Cancer Registry in Tanta, Egypt, the only population-based registry in Egypt, were analyzed. Crude and age- and gender-specific rates were calculated for 4,260 cases, and evaluated by REAL Malignancy type, morphology, topology, and stage. Potential risk factor variables included age, gender, date of diagnosis, and district of residence, and urban/rural setting. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were calculated and space-time patterns were investigated.
Results: Overall, incidence was greater among males and among residents of urban areas. More than half of cases were diagnosed at Stage III or IV. Leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma predominated in cases under 18 years of age whereas mature B-cell neoplasms were the most common in those older than 18. Average annual crude incidence varied by district, ranging from 10.21 to 20.34 per 100,000, and generally rose during the seven year period. This rise was most prominent in the crude incidence of mature B cell neoplasms, mostly due to diffuse B cell lymphoma.
Conclusions: This study provides numerical evidence of the impact of hematopoietic cancer, especially Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, on the Egyptian population. It also appears to follow the rising trend in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases seen worldwide. Further comparison of the distribution of incidence and alternative risk factors may lead to a novel understanding of the etiology of hematopoietic cancers and improvements in current treatment.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1820.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr S. Soliman
- 1University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - Mark Wilson
- 1University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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