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Liang X, Qian R, Ou Y, Wang D, Lin X, Sun C. Lipid peroxide-derived short-chain aldehydes promote programmed cell death in wheat roots under aluminum stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130142. [PMID: 36265378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a primary event in plant roots exposed to aluminum (Al) toxicity, which leads to the formation of reactive aldehydes. Current evidence demonstrates that the resultant aldehydes are integrated components of cellular damage in plants. Here, we investigated the roles of aldehydes in mediating Al-induced damage, particularly cell death, using two wheat genotypes with different Al resistances. Aluminum treatment significantly induced cell death, which was accompanied by decreased root activity and cell length. Al-induced cell death displayed granular nuclei and internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA, suggesting these cells underwent programmed cell death (PCD). During this process, caspase-3-like protease activity was extensively enhanced and showed a significant difference between these two wheat genotypes. Further experiments showed that Al-induced cell death was positively correlated with aldehydes levels. Al-induced representative diagnostic markers for PCD, such as TUNEL-positive nuclei and DNA fragmentation, were further enhanced by the aldehyde donor (E)-2-hexenal, but significantly suppressed by the aldehyde scavenger carnosine. As the crucial executioner of Al-induced PCD, the activity of caspase-3-like protease was further enhanced by (E)-2-hexenal but inhibited by carnosine in wheat roots. These results suggest that reactive aldehydes sourced from lipid peroxidation mediate Al-initiated PCD probably through activating caspase-3-like protease in wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqun Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Lyu M, Liu J, Xu X, Liu C, Qin H, Zhang X, Tian G, Jiang H, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Ge S. Magnesium alleviates aluminum-induced growth inhibition by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and carbon-nitrogen metabolism in apple seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114421. [PMID: 36529044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have determined that magnesium (Mg) in appropriate concentrations prevents plants from suffering from abiotic stress. To better understand the mechanism of Mg alleviation of aluminum (Al) stress in apple, we investigated the effect of Mg on plant growth, photosynthetic fluorescence, antioxidant system, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of apple seedlings under Al toxicity (1.5 mmol/L) via a hydroponic experiment. Al stress induced the production of reactive oxygen in the leaves and roots and reduced the total dry weight (DW) by 52.37 % after 20 days of treatment relative to plants grown without Al, due to hindered photosynthesis and alterations in C and N metabolism. By contrast, total DW decreased by only 11.07 % in the Mg-treated plants under Al stress. Supplementation with 3.0 mmol/L Mg in the Al treatment decreased Al accumulation in the apple plants and reduced Al-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and reducing the production of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). Under Al stress, the Mg-treated plants showed a 46.17 % higher photosynthetic rate than the non-treated plants. Supplementation with Mg significantly increased the sucrose content by increasing sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Moreover, Mg facilitated the transport of 13C-carbohydrates from the leaves to roots. Regarding N metabolism, the nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities in the roots and leaves of the Mg-treated plants were significantly higher than those of the non-treated plants under Al stress. Compared with the non-treated plants under Al stress, the Mg-treated plants exhibited a significantly high level of NO3- and soluble protein content in the leaves, roots, and stems, but a low level of free amino acids. Furthermore, Mg significantly improved nitrogen accumulation and enhanced the transport of 15N from the roots to leaves. Overall, our results revealed that Mg alleviates Al-induced growth inhibition by enhancing antioxidant capacity and C-N metabolism in apple seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Graças JP, Jamet E, Lima JE. Advances towards understanding the responses of root cells to acidic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 191:89-98. [PMID: 36195036 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
"Acid soil syndrome" is a worldwide phenomenon characterized by low pH (pH < 5.5), scarce nutrient availability (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, P), and mineral toxicity such as those caused by soluble aluminium (Al) forms. Regardless of the mineral toxicity, the low pH by itself is detrimental to crop development causing striking sensitivity responses such as root growth arrest. However, low pH-induced responses are still poorly understood and underrated. Here, we review and discuss the core evidence about the action of low pH upon specific root zones, distinct cell types, and possible cellular targets (cell wall, plasma membrane, and alternative oxidase). The role of different players in signaling processes leading to low pH-induced responses, such as the STOP transcription factors, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), auxin, ethylene, and components of the antioxidant system, is also addressed. Information at the molecular level is still lacking to link the low pH targets and the subsequent actors that trigger the observed sensitivity responses. Future studies will have to combine genetic tools to identify the signaling processes triggered by low pH, unraveling not only the mechanisms by which low pH affects root cells but also finding new ways to engineer the tolerance of domesticated plants to acidic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Pereira Graças
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos, 6627, Bloco I-2, 316, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP 24, chemin de Borde Rouge 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Joni Esrom Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos, 6627, Bloco I-2, 316, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Liang Y, Bai T, Liu B, Yu W, Teng W. Different antioxidant regulation mechanisms in response to aluminum-induced oxidative stress in Eucalyptus species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113748. [PMID: 35696965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems play an important role in environmental protection and maintaining ecological balance. Understanding the physiological mechanisms of tree species response to aluminum (Al) toxic is crucial to reveal the main causes of plantation decline in acid rain area. As an important afforestation tree species in tropical and subtropical areas, Eucalyptus has high economic value and plays crucial ecological roles. However, continuous fertilization and acid precipitation can exacerbate soil acidification and increase soil active Al, which has a significant negative impact on Eucalyptus growth. Hence, species and genotypes with high Al resistance are required to solve the problem of Al toxicity of acidic soils for sustainable forest production. In this study, E. urophylla was better adapted to Al stress than E. grandis or E. tereticornis; its high Al resistance was attributed to greater antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content, and a lower degree of membrane lipid peroxidation than E. grandis or E. tereticornis. The differences in adaptability among the three pure species were attributed to their distinct habitats. Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis inherited the outstanding adaptability to Al stress from its maternal species (E. urophylla), indicating that Al tolerance is highly heritable and can be selected in Eucalyptus breeding. Our results indicated that the response of Eucalyptus to Al stress may fluctuate according to the time under stress, and might be related to dynamic changes in ROS elimination and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiandao Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weichao Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Wala M, Kołodziejek J, Wilk T. Acidity and availability of aluminum, iron and manganese as factors affecting germination in European acidic dry and alkaline xerothermic grasslands. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13255. [PMID: 35505676 PMCID: PMC9057293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Germination ecology of 10 species from acidic dry grasslands and 10 species from alkaline xerothermic grasslands was studied. The seeds were subjected to different pH, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al) treatments under controlled conditions. Effects of ionic (chlorides) and chelated forms (HBED chelates) of Fe and Mn were also compared. Final germination percentage (FGP) and index of germination velocity (IGV) were calculated. The results indicate that pH and extremely high availability of Al are the major edaphic filters regulating germination-based revegetation, while availability of Fe and Mn is of the secondary importance. Both chelates and ionic forms of Fe and Mn exerted similar effects on the ability of seeds to complete germination. It suggests that both chelates are not hazardous for early ontogenetic stages of plants. Neither group has group-specific adaptations pertaining to germination characteristics in the context of the studied chemical stimuli, which indicates a diversity of germination strategies and individual species-specific reactions to the tested factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wala
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Jeremi Kołodziejek
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilk
- Przedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Consultingowe ADOB Sp. z o.o. Sp. jawna, Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
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Du HM, Liu C, Jin XW, Du CF, Yu Y, Luo S, He WZ, Zhang SZ. Overexpression of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene ZmALDH Confers Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:477. [PMID: 35008903 PMCID: PMC8745680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor limiting plant growth and the yield of cereal crops in acidic soils. Al-induced oxidative stress could lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes in plants. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) genes, which play an important role in detoxification of aldehydes when exposed to abiotic stress, have been identified in most species. However, little is known about the function of this gene family in the response to Al stress. Here, we identified an ALDH gene in maize, ZmALDH, involved in protection against Al-induced oxidative stress. Al stress up-regulated ZmALDH expression in both the roots and leaves. The expression of ZmALDH only responded to Al toxicity but not to other stresses including low pH and other metals. The heterologous overexpression of ZmALDH in Arabidopsis increased Al tolerance by promoting the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, increasing the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme genes as well as the activities of their products, reducing MDA, and increasing free proline synthesis. The overexpression of ZmALDH also reduced Al accumulation in roots. Taken together, these findings suggest that ZmALDH participates in Al-induced oxidative stress and Al accumulation in roots, conferring Al tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin-Wu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Cheng-Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wen-Zhu He
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Su-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.-M.D.); (C.L.); (X.-W.J.); (C.-F.D.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
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Graças JP, Ranocha P, Vitorello VA, Savelli B, Jamet E, Dunand C, Burlat V. The Class III Peroxidase Encoding Gene AtPrx62 Positively and Spatiotemporally Regulates the Low pH-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197191. [PMID: 33003393 PMCID: PMC7582640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous low pH stress causes cell death in root cells, limiting root development, and agricultural production. Different lines of evidence suggested a relationship with cell wall (CW) remodeling players. We investigated whether class III peroxidase (CIII Prx) total activity, CIII Prx candidate gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could modify CW structure during low pH-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Wild-type roots displayed a good spatio-temporal correlation between the low pH-induced cell death and total CIII Prx activity in the early elongation (EZs), transition (TZs), and meristematic (MZs) zones. In situ mRNA hybridization showed that AtPrx62 transcripts accumulated only in roots treated at pH 4.6 in the same zones where cell death was induced. Furthermore, roots of the atprx62-1 knockout mutant showed decreased cell mortality under low pH compared to wild-type roots. Among the ROS, there was a drastic decrease in O2●− levels in the MZs of wild-type and atprx62-1 roots upon low pH stress. Together, our data demonstrate that AtPrx62 expression is induced by low pH and that the produced protein could positively regulate cell death. Whether the decrease in O2●− level is related to cell death induced upon low pH treatment remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathas Pereira Graças
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | | | - Bruno Savelli
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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Furlan F, Borgo L, Rabêlo FHS, Rossi ML, Linhares FS, Martinelli AP, Azevedo RA, Lavres J. Aluminum-induced toxicity in Urochloa brizantha genotypes: A first glance into root Al-apoplastic and -symplastic compartmentation, Al-translocation and antioxidant performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125362. [PMID: 31759212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have unraveled contrasting Al genotypic differences between Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (moderately tolerant) and Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (more tolerant). Our objective was to evaluate differences in the response to Al-induced stress between these genotypes, focusing on Al compartmentation in the root apoplast and symplast, and antioxidant enzyme activities after Al exposure. Al-accumulation was 25% higher in the roots of cv. Xaraés than cv. Marandu, while in the shoot Al accumulation was 150% higher in cv. Marandu than cv. Xaraés. U. brizantha cv. Marandu accumulated 73% of the Al absorbed in the root symplast and 27% in the root apoplast, while cv. Xaraés accumulated 61% of the Al absorbed in symplast and 39% in apoplast. Furthermore, Al exposure leaded to physiological and developmental changes in root morphology, such as disorganization of vascular system, the collapse of cortical cells and absence of root hairs from the root tip, with more drastic effects detectable in cv. Marandu. Catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities in the roots of cv. Marandu were lower compared to cv. Xaraés. Our results pointed out that higher Al compartmentalization rates in the root apoplast, altogether with up-regulated metabolic activities of CAT and GPOX and also lower long distance transport of Al are seemingly at the base of the Al tolerance in cv. Xaraés. In conclusion, biochemical analysis of roots suggested that understanding of metabolic pathways is one of pressing approach to elucidate stress tolerance mechanisms in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Furlan
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, 13400-970, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Borgo
- University of São Paulo, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Lanzoni Rossi
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, 13400-970, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- University of São Paulo, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, 13400-970, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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9
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Du H, Huang Y, Qu M, Li Y, Hu X, Yang W, Li H, He W, Ding J, Liu C, Gao S, Cao M, Lu Y, Zhang S. A Maize ZmAT6 Gene Confers Aluminum Tolerance via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1016. [PMID: 33013942 PMCID: PMC7509383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limiting factor that affects crop yields in acid soil. However, the genes that contribute to the Al tolerance process in maize are still poorly understood. Previous studies have predicted that ZmAT6 is a novel protein which could be upregulated under Al stress condition. Here, we found that ZmAT6 is expressed in many tissues and organs and can be dramatically induced by Al in both the roots and shoots but particularly in the shoots. The overexpression of ZmAT6 in maize and Arabidopsis plants increased their root growth and reduced the accumulation of Al, suggesting the contribution of ZmAT6 to Al tolerance. Moreover, the ZmAT6 transgenic maize plants had lower contents of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but much higher proline content and even lower Evans blue absorption in the roots compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the activity of several enzymes of the antioxidant system, such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased in ZmAT6 transgenic maize plants, particularly SOD. Consistently, the expression of ZmSOD in transgenic maize was predominant upregulated by Al stress. Taken together, these findings revealed that ZmAT6 could at least partially confer enhanced tolerance to Al toxicity by scavenging ROS in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhu He
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhou Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Moju Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest China of Agricultural Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Suzhi Zhang,
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10
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Dos Santos FE, Carvalho MSS, Silveira GL, Correa FF, Cardoso MDG, Andrade-Vieira LF, Vilela LR. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. (Solanaceae) in the plant model Lactuca sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27558-27568. [PMID: 29508193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are rich in biologically active compounds. They can be explored for the production of bioherbicides. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from two Solanaceae species: Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. For this end, we conducted phytochemical screening and biological assays, determining the effects of the extracts on germination, early development, cell cycle, and DNA fragmentation in plantlets and meristematic cells of the plant model Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce). The percentage of seeds germinated under effect of S. muricatum extract did not differ from the control, but plantlet growth was reduced at the highest concentrations. For S. betaceum extract, dose dependence was observed for both germination and plantlet development, with the highest concentrations inhibiting germination. The growth curves revealed the concentrations of 2.06 and 1.93 g/L for S. muricatum and S. betaceum extracts, respectively, as those reducing 50% of root growth (RG). At these concentrations, both extracts presented mitodepressive effect, besides inducing significant increase in the frequency of condensed nuclei, associated to DNA fragmentation and cytoplasmic shrinkage. The frequency of chromosome alterations was not significant. We further discuss the mechanisms of action related to the chemical composition of the extracts, which presented organic acids, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, and tannins, besides catechins and flavonoids, only found in the extract of S. betaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciane Resende Vilela
- Department of Agriculture, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
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11
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Wu J, Shu S, Li C, Sun J, Guo S. Spermidine-mediated hydrogen peroxide signaling enhances the antioxidant capacity of salt-stressed cucumber roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 128:152-162. [PMID: 29778839 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling molecule that mediates a variety of physiological processes and defense responses against abiotic stress in higher plants. In this study, our aims are to clarify the role of H2O2 accumulation induced by the exogenous application of spermidine (Spd) to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings in regulating the antioxidant capacity of roots under salt stress. The results showed that Spd caused a significant increase in endogenous polyamines and H2O2 levels, and peaked at 2 h after salt stress. Spd-induced H2O2 accumulation was blocked under salt stress by pretreatment with a H2O2 scavenger and respective inhibitors of cell wall peroxidase (CWPOD; EC: 1.11.1.7), polyamine oxidase (PAO; EC: 1.5.3.11) and NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC: 1.6.3.1); among these three inhibitors, the largest decrease was found in response to the addition of the inhibitor of polyamine oxidase. In addition, we observed that exogenous Spd could increase the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC: 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT; EC: 1.11.1.6) as well as the expression of their genes in salt-stressed roots, and the effects were inhibited by H2O2 scavengers and polyamine oxidase inhibitors. These results suggested that, by regulating endogenous PAs-mediated H2O2 signaling in roots, Spd could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce oxidative damage; the main source of H2O2 was polyamine oxidation, which was associated with improved tolerance and root growth recovery of cucumber under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China.
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12
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Riaz M, Yan L, Wu X, Hussain S, Aziz O, Wang Y, Imran M, Jiang C. Boron alleviates the aluminum toxicity in trifoliate orange by regulating antioxidant defense system and reducing root cell injury. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 208:149-158. [PMID: 29257991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the most important soil constraint for plant growth and development in acid soils (pH < 5.5) globally in agricultural regions. Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of higher plants. The results of previous studies propose that B might ameliorate Al toxicity; however, none of the studies have been conducted on trifoliate orange to study this effect. Thus, a study was carried out in hydroponics comprising of two different Al concentrations, 0 and 400 μM. For every concentration, two B treatments (0 and 10 μM as H3BO3) were applied to investigate the B-induced alleviation of Al toxicity and exploring the underneath mechanisms. The results revealed that Al toxicity under B deficiency severely hampered the root growth and physiology of plant, caused oxidative stress and membrane damage, leading to severe root injury and damage. However, application of B under Al toxicity improved the root elongation and photosynthesis, while reduced Al uptake and mobilization into plant parts. Moreover, B supply regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, secondary metabolites (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase) contents, and stabilized integrity of proteins. Our study results imply that B supply promoted root growth as well as defense system by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Al concentrations in plant parts thus B induced alleviation of Al toxicity; a fact that might be significant for higher productivity of agricultural plants grown in acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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13
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He H, Huang W, Oo TL, Gu M, He LF. Nitric oxide inhibits aluminum-induced programmed cell death in peanut (Arachis hypoganea L.) root tips. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 333:285-292. [PMID: 28371714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It had been reported that Aluminum (Al) stress altered nitric oxide (NO) concentration and induced programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. However, the relationship between NO and PCD occurrence under Al stress is unclear. The results showed that cell death induced by Al was significant negative correlation with the inhibition of Al on root elongation growth in peanut. AlCl3 at 100μmolL-1 induced DNA ladder, chromatin condensation, typical apoptotic chromatin condensation staining with DAPI, apoptosis related gene Hrs203j expression and caspase3-like protease activation in peanut root tip cells, and showed that Al-induced cell death in peanut root tip cells was a typical PCD. Exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 200μmolL-1 inhibited Al-induced PCD occurrence, but NO specific scavenger cPTIO aggravated PCD production. It suggests that NO is a negative regulator of Al-induced PCD in peanut root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Thet Lwin Oo
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Minghua Gu
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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14
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Ma Y, Zhu M, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S. Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases Aluminum and Acid Stress Tolerance by Mitigating Activation of K+ Efflux Channels by ROS in Barley: Insights into Cross-Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:160-73. [PMID: 26581863 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is prevalent in soils, but Al toxicity is manifested only under acid conditions. It causes severe damages to the root system. Short-term waterlogging stress can occur simultaneously with Al toxicity in areas with high rainfall or an inappropriate irrigation pattern. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most Al-sensitive small-grained cereals. In this work, we have investigated effects of short-term treatments with hypoxia and phenolic acid (two major constraints in waterlogged soils) on root sensitivity to low-pH and Al stresses. We showed that hypoxia-primed roots maintained higher cell viability when exposed to low-pH/Al stress, in both elongation and mature root zones, and possessed superior ability to retain K(+) in response to low-pH/Al stresses. These priming effects were not related to higher H(+)-ATPase activity and better membrane potential maintenance, and could not be explained by the increased expression levels of HvHAK1, which mediates high-affinity K(+) uptake in roots. Instead, hypoxia-conditioned roots were significantly less sensitive to H2O2 treatment, indicated by the 10-fold reduction in the magnitude of K(+) efflux changes. This suggested that roots pre-treated with hypoxia desensitized reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducible K(+) efflux channels in root epidermis, most probably via enhanced antioxidative capacity. A possible role for Ca(2+) in stress-induced ROS signaling pathways is also discussed. Overall, our results report, for the first time, the phenomenon of cross-protection between hypoxia and low-pH/Al stresses, and causally link it to the cell's ability to maintain cytosolic K(+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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15
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Kärkönen A, Kuchitsu K. Reactive oxygen species in cell wall metabolism and development in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:22-32. [PMID: 25446232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic substances that are produced during aerobic respiration and photosynthesis, many studies have demonstrated that ROS, such as superoxide anion radical (O2(·-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced in the plant cell wall in a highly regulated manner. These molecules are important signalling messengers playing key roles in controlling a broad range of physiological processes, such as cellular growth and development, as well as adaptation to environmental changes. Given the toxicity of ROS, especially of hydroxyl radical (·OH), the enzymatic ROS production needs to be tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rboh) have been identified as ROS-producing NADPH oxidases, which act as key signalling nodes integrating multiple signal transduction pathways in plants. Also other enzyme systems, such as class III peroxidases, amine oxidases, quinone reductases and oxalate oxidases contribute to apoplastic ROS production, some especially in certain plant taxa. Here we discuss the interrelationship among different enzymes producing ROS in the plant cell wall, as well as the physiological roles of the ROS produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kärkönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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16
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Nogueirol RC, Monteiro FA, Gratão PL, Borgo L, Azevedo RA. Tropical soils with high aluminum concentrations cause oxidative stress in two tomato genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:73. [PMID: 25647795 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical soils are usually acidic and have high concentrations of aluminum (Al). Aluminum toxicity in plants is caused by the high affinity of the Al cation for cell walls, membranes, and metabolites. In this study, the response of the antioxidant-enzymatic system to Al was examined in two tomato genotypes: Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum (Calabash Rouge) and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (CNPH 0082) grown in tropical soils with varying levels of Al. Plant growth; activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes; stress-indicating compounds (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide); and morphology (root length and surface area) were analyzed. Increased levels of Al in soils were correlated with reduced shoot and root biomass and with reduced root length and surface area. Calabash Rouge exhibited low Al concentrations and increased growth in soils with the highest levels of Al. Plants grown in soils with high availability of Al exhibited higher levels of stress indicators (MDA and hydrogen peroxide) and higher enzyme activity (CAT, APX, GPOX, and GR). Calabash Rouge absorbed less Al from soils than CNPH 0082, which suggests that the genotype may possess mechanisms for Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
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17
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Specificity of Ion Uptake and Homeostasis Maintenance During Acid and Aluminium Stresses. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Arenhart RA, Bai Y, Valter de Oliveira LF, Bucker Neto L, Schunemann M, Maraschin FDS, Mariath J, Silverio A, Sachetto-Martins G, Margis R, Wang ZY, Margis-Pinheiro M. New insights into aluminum tolerance in rice: the ASR5 protein binds the STAR1 promoter and other aluminum-responsive genes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:709-21. [PMID: 24253199 PMCID: PMC3973494 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants is one of the primary constraints in crop production. Al³⁺, the most toxic form of Al, is released into soil under acidic conditions and causes extensive damage to plants, especially in the roots. In rice, Al tolerance requires the ASR5 gene, but the molecular function of ASR5 has remained unknown. Here, we perform genome-wide analyses to identify ASR5-dependent Al-responsive genes in rice. Based on ASR5_RNAi silencing in plants, a global transcriptome analysis identified a total of 961 genes that were responsive to Al treatment in wild-type rice roots. Of these genes, 909 did not respond to Al in the ASR5_RNAi plants, indicating a central role for ASR5 in Al-responsive gene expression. Under normal conditions, without Al treatment, the ASR5_RNAi plants expressed 1.756 genes differentially compared to the wild-type plants, and 446 of these genes responded to Al treatment in the wild-type plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing identified 104 putative target genes that were directly regulated by ASR5 binding to their promoters, including the STAR1 gene, which encodes an ABC transporter required for Al tolerance. Motif analysis of the binding peak sequences revealed the binding motif for ASR5, which was confirmed via in vitro DNA-binding assays using the STAR1 promoter. These results demonstrate that ASR5 acts as a key transcription factor that is essential for Al-responsive gene expression and Al tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Augusto Arenhart
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Luiz Felipe Valter de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Lauro Bucker Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Mariana Schunemann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Mariath
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Adriano Silverio
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | - Rogerio Margis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Departamento de Genética, sala 207, prédio 43312, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501–970, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail , fax 55-51-3308-7311, tel. 55 (51) 3308–9814
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Silva S, Pinto G, Correia B, Pinto-Carnide O, Santos C. Rye oxidative stress under long term Al exposure. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:879-89. [PMID: 23537706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity decreases plant growth. Secale cereale L. is among the most Al-tolerant crop species. In order to study the response to Al-long term exposure, two rye genotypes with different Al sensitivity ('D. Zlote' and 'Riodeva') were exposed to 1.11 and 1.85mM Al and the antioxidant responses were followed for 2 and 3 weeks in roots and leaves. Al toxicity signals, such as a severe decrease in root growth, occurred sooner in 'Riodeva.' The antioxidant response was dependent on the genotype, the organ, Al concentration and the exposure period. Al-exposed roots of 'D. Zlote' showed earlier enhancements of APX, SOD and G-POX activities than those of 'Riodeva.' 'D. Zlote' roots showed stimulation of the AsA-GSH cycle after the second week (when root growth inhibition was less severe), while later (when severe root growth inhibition was observed), oxidation of AsA and GSH pools was observed. In leaves of both genotypes, CAT, SOD and G-POX activities increased with Al exposure. In these leaves, the effect of AsA-GSH was time dependent, with maximum oxidation at the second week, followed by recovery. We confirmed that the oxidation state of AsA and GSH pools is involved in the detoxification of Al-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, our data demonstrate that the production of ROS does not correlate with the Al-induced root growth decrease. Finally, the differences observed over time indicate that long term exposure may provide additional information on rye sensitivity to Al, and contribute to a better understanding of this species' mechanisms of Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Silva
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Achary VMM, Parinandi NL, Panda BB. Aluminum induces oxidative burst, cell wall NADH peroxidase activity, and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:550-60. [PMID: 22865669 DOI: 10.1002/em.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants under stress incur an oxidative burst that involves a rapid and transient overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS: O(2) (•-) , H(2) O(2) , (•) OH). We hypothesized that aluminum (Al), an established soil pollutant that causes plant stress, would induce an oxidative burst through the activation of cell wall-NADH peroxidase (NADH-PX) and/or plasma membrane-associated NADPH oxidase (NADPH-OX), leading to DNA damage in the root cells of Allium cepa L. Growing roots of A. cepa were treated with Al(3+) (800 μM of AlCl(3) ) for 3 or 6 hr without or with the pretreatment of inhibitors specific to NADH-PX and NADPH-OX for 2 hr. At the end of the treatment, the extent of ROS generation, cell death, and DNA damage were determined. The cell wall-bound protein (CWP) fractions extracted from the untreated control and the Al-treated roots under the aforementioned experimental conditions were also subjected to in vitro studies, which measured the extent of activation of peroxidase/oxidase, generation of (•) OH, and DNA damage. Overall, the present study demonstrates that the cell wall-bound NADH-PX contributes to the Al-induced oxidative burst through the generation of ROS that lead to cell death and DNA damage in the root cells of A. cepa. Furthermore, the in vitro studies revealed that the CWP fraction by itself caused DNA damage in the presence of NADH, supporting a role for NADH-PX in the stress response. Altogether, this study underscores the crucial function of the cell wall-bound NADH-PX in the oxidative burst-mediated cell death and DNA damage in plants under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan M Achary
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory, Berhampur University, Berhampur, India
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21
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Vardar F, Ismailoğlu I, Inan D, Unal M. Determination of stress responses induced by aluminum in maize (Zea mays). ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:156-70. [PMID: 21555268 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess the alternative responses to aluminum toxicity, maize (Zea mays L. cv Karadeniz yıldızı) roots were exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 (150, 300 and 450 μM). Aluminum reduced the root elongation by 39.6% in 150 μM, 44.1% in 300 μM, 50.1% in 450 μM AlCl3 after 96 h period. To correlate the root elongation with the alternative stress responses including aluminum accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitotic abnormalities, reduction of starch content, intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, callose formation, lignin deposition and peroxidase activity, cytochemical and biochemical tests were performed. The results indicated that aluminum accumulation and lipid peroxidation were observed more densely on the root cap and the outer cortex cells. In addition to morphological deformations, cytochemical analysis displayed cellular deformations. Furthermore, mitotic abnormalities were observed such as c-mitosis, micronuclei, bi- and trinucleated cells in aluminum treated root tips. Aluminum treatment induced starch reduction, callose formation, lignin accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ increase. Moreover, the peroxidase activity increased significantly by 3, 4.4 and 7.7 times higher than in that of control after 96 h, respectively. In conclusion, aluminum is significantly stressful in maize culminating in morphological and cellular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Vardar
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe, İstanbul Turkey.
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22
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Bose J, Babourina O, Rengel Z. Role of magnesium in alleviation of aluminium toxicity in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2251-64. [PMID: 21273333 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is pivotal for activating a large number of enzymes; hence, magnesium plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes affecting plant growth and development. Magnesium can also ameliorate aluminium phytotoxicity, but literature reports on the dynamics of magnesium homeostasis upon exposure to aluminium are rare. Herein existing knowledge on the magnesium transport mechanisms and homeostasis maintenance in plant cells is critically reviewed. Even though overexpression of magnesium transporters can alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants, the mechanisms governing such alleviation remain obscure. Possible magnesium-dependent mechanisms include (i) better carbon partitioning from shoots to roots; (ii) increased synthesis and exudation of organic acid anions; (iii) enhanced acid phosphatase activity; (iv) maintenance of proton-ATPase activity and cytoplasmic pH regulation; (v) protection against an aluminium-induced cytosolic calcium increase; and (vi) protection against reactive oxygen species. Future research should concentrate on assessing aluminium toxicity and tolerance in plants with overexpressed or antisense magnesium transporters to increase understanding of the aluminium-magnesium interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Kovácik J, Klejdus B, Hedbavny J. Effect of aluminium uptake on physiology, phenols and amino acids in Matricaria chamomilla plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 178:949-955. [PMID: 20211522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chamomile is a widely used medicinal plant and, as observed in our previous studies, also accumulates some metals in its above-ground biomass. We therefore tested selected metabolic responses after treatments with 60 and 120 microM Al for 7 days. Shoot Al content was not elevated in comparison with control (12.3-14.1 microg g(-1) DW) while total root Al increased strongly, reaching 2680 and 4400 microg g(-1) DW in 60 and 120 microM treatments, respectively. "Intra-root" Al represented 83.6 (60 microM treatment) and 75.8% (120 microM treatment) of total root Al. Soluble proteins were not significantly affected. Free amino acids were almost unaffected in shoots while in roots the highest content was found in 60 microM Al. Ascorbate- and guaiacol-peroxidase activities were the highest in 60 microM Al-exposed roots. On the other hand, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, total soluble phenols, flavonoids, a sum of 13 phenolic acids and partially two flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) increased in the shoots. Present study has shown lower Al toxicity and unaltered shoot Al content seems to be the most positive outcome in comparison with previously tested metals (Cd, Ni and Cu). Our results indicate that phenols in shoots and free amino acids in roots are influenced by Al excess in chamomile plants. Possible mechanisms in the context of available literature are suggested and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kovácik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safárik University, Mánesova 23, 041 67 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Sukalović VHT, Veljović-Jovanović S, Maksimović JD, Maksimović V, Pajić Z. Characterisation of phenol oxidase and peroxidase from maize silk. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:406-13. [PMID: 20522176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Silk of some maize genotypes contains a high level of phenolics that undergo enzymatic oxidation to form quinones, which condense among themselves or with proteins to form brown pigments. Two phenolic oxidizing enzymes, peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1), from maize (Zea mays L.) silk were characterised with respect to their preferred substrate, different isoforms and specific effectors. One browning silk sample with high, and two non-browning samples with low phenolic content were investigated. Although POD oxidizes a wide range of phenolic substrates in vitro, its activity rate was independent of silk phenolic content. PPO activity, detected with o-diphenolic substrates, was abundant only in browning silk, and low or absent in non-browning silk. Pollination increased POD but not PPO activity. Isoelectric-focusing (IEF) and specific staining for POD and PPO showed a high degree of polymorphism that varied with silk origin. The IEF pattern of POD revealed a number of anionic and several cationic isoenzymes, with the most pronounced having neutral pI 7 and a basic isoform with pI 10. Detected isoforms of PPO were anionic, except for one neutral form found only in browning silk, and occupied positions different from those of POD. Different inhibitory effects of NaN(3), EDTA, KCN, and L-cysteine, as well as different impacts of a variety of cations on the oxidation of chlorogenic acid, mediated by PPO or POD, were detected. The findings are discussed in terms of a possible roles of these enzymes in defence and pollination.
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Xue YJ, Tao L, Yang ZM. Aluminum-induced cell wall peroxidase activity and lignin synthesis are differentially regulated by jasmonate and nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9676-84. [PMID: 18803390 DOI: 10.1021/jf802001v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cassia tora is an annual legume and cultivated as a traditional medicinal herb for multiple therapies including regulation of blood pressure and blood lipid. Because of naturally occurring acidic soils in southeastern China, this plant species may possess strategies for tolerance to low pH and aluminum toxicity. In the search for the regulatory basis of biochemical response to Al, cell wall-bound peroxidases, including lignin-generated peroxidases and NADH oxidases, were investigated in the root tips of C. tora. Activities of both types of peroxidases significantly increased with Al concentrations. Analysis with native PAGE also demonstrated the strong induction of cell wall peroxidases by Al. The Al-induced increasing activities of peroxidases were closely correlated with lignin accumulation and H 2O 2 production. The biochemical effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and methyl jasmonic acid (MJ) was examined to investigate signal properties and lignin synthesis under Al stress. Application of MJ at 10 microM promoted root sensitivity to Al by activating apoplastic peroxidase activity and accumulating H 2O 2 and lignin, whereas the opposite action was found for NO. The sensitivity of apoplastic peroxidases under Al stress was associated with the cross-talk of MJ and NO signals. The analysis reveals that the activity of lipoxygenase (an enzyme for MJ biosynthesis), with its transcripts increased in Al-exposed roots, was depressed by NO exposure. The effect of MJ on intracellular NO production was also investigated. It is shown that NO staining with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate fluorescence was intensified by Al but was suppressed by MJ. These results suggest that NO and MJ may interplay in signaling the cell wall peroxidase activity and lignin synthesis in the roots exposed to Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Juan Xue
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Chandran D, Sharopova N, VandenBosch KA, Garvin DF, Samac DA. Physiological and molecular characterization of aluminum resistance in Medicago truncatula. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 8:89. [PMID: 18713465 PMCID: PMC2533010 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-8-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor limiting crop production on acid soils. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which legumes respond to and resist Al stress. To explore the mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance in legumes, we compared the impact of Al stress in Al-resistant and Al-sensitive lines of the model legume, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. RESULTS A screen for Al resistance in 54 M. truncatula accessions identified eight Al-resistant and eight Al-sensitive lines. Comparisons of hydroponic root growth and root tip hematoxylin staining in an Al-resistant line, T32, and an Al-sensitive line, S70, provided evidence that an inducible Al exclusion mechanism occurs in T32. Transcriptional events associated with the Al resistance response were analyzed in T32 and S70 after 12 and 48 h Al treatment using oligonucleotide microarrays. Fewer genes were differentially regulated in response to Al in T32 compared to S70. Expression patterns of oxidative stress-related genes, stress-response genes and microscopic examination of Al-treated root tips suggested a lower degree of Al-induced oxidative damage to T32 root tips compared to S70. Furthermore, genes associated with cell death, senescence, and cell wall degradation were induced in both lines after 12 h of Al treatment but preferentially in S70 after 48 h of Al treatment. A multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE) transporter, previously shown to exude citrate in Arabidopsis, showed differential expression patterns in T32 and S70. CONCLUSION Our results identified novel genes induced by Al in Al-resistant and sensitive M. truncatula lines. In T32, transcription levels of genes related to oxidative stress were consistent with reactive oxygen species production, which would be sufficient to initiate cell death of Al-accumulating cells thereby contributing to Al exclusion and root growth recovery. In contrast, transcriptional levels of oxidative stress-related genes were consistent with excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation in S70 potentially resulting in necrosis and irreversible root growth inhibition. In addition, a citrate-exuding MATE transporter could function in Al exclusion and/or internal detoxification in T32 based on Al-induced transcript localization studies. Together, our findings indicate that multiple responses likely contribute to Al resistance in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chandran
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Natasha Sharopova
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kathryn A VandenBosch
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Sciences Center, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - David F Garvin
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Deborah A Samac
- USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Chandran D, Sharopova N, Ivashuta S, Gantt JS, Vandenbosch KA, Samac DA. Transcriptome profiling identified novel genes associated with aluminum toxicity, resistance and tolerance in Medicago truncatula. PLANTA 2008; 228:151-66. [PMID: 18351384 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide microarrays corresponding to over 16,000 genes were used to analyze changes in transcript accumulation in root tips of the Al-sensitive Medicago truncatula cultivar Jemalong genotype A17 in response to Al treatment. Out of 2,782 genes with significant changes in transcript accumulation, 324 genes were up-regulated and 267 genes were down-regulated at least twofold by Al. Up-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in cell-wall modification and abiotic and biotic stress responses while down-regulated genes were enriched in transcripts involved in primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, protein synthesis and processing, and the cell cycle. Known markers of Al-induced gene expression including genes associated with oxidative stress and cell wall stiffening were differentially regulated in this study. Transcript profiling identified novel genes associated with processes involved in Al toxicity including cell wall modification, cell cycle arrest and ethylene production. Novel genes potentially associated with Al resistance and tolerance in M. truncatula including organic acid transporters, cell wall loosening enzymes, Ca(2+) homeostasis maintaining genes, and Al-binding were also identified. In addition, expression analysis of nine genes in the mature regions of the root revealed that Al-induced gene expression in these regions may play a role in Al tolerance. Finally, interfering RNA-induced silencing of two Al-induced genes, pectin acetylesterase and annexin, in A17 hairy roots slightly increased the sensitivity of A17 to Al suggesting that these genes may play a role in Al resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chandran
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Achary VMM, Jena S, Panda KK, Panda BB. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 70:300-10. [PMID: 18068230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) was evaluated for induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage employing the growing roots of Allium cepa L. as the assay system. Intact roots of A. cepa were treated with different concentrations, 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 microM of aluminium chloride, at pH 4.5 for 4 h (or 2 h for comet assay) at room temperature, 25+/-1 degrees C. Following treatment the parameters investigated in root tissue were Al-uptake, cell death, extra cellular generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), viz. O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2) and (*)OH, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and DNA damage, assessed by comet assay. The findings indicated that Al triggered generation of extra-cellular ROI following a dose-response. Through application of specific enzyme inhibitors it was demonstrated that extra-cellular generation of ROI was primarily due to the activity of cell wall bound NADH-PX. Generation of ROI in root tissue as well as cell death was better correlated to the levels of root Al-uptake rather than to the concentrations of Al in ambient experimental solutions. Induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by Al were statistically significant. Whereas Al inhibited CAT activity, enhanced SOD, GPX and APX activities significantly; that followed dose-response. Comet assay provided evidence that Al induced DNA damage in a range of concentrations 50-200 microM, which was comparable to that induced by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), an alkylating mutagen served as the positive control. The findings provided evidence that Al comparable to biotic stress induced oxidative burst at the cell surface through up- or down-regulation of some of the key enzymes of oxidative metabolism ultimately resulting in oxidative stress leading to DNA damage and cell death in root cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan Murali Achary
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, India
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Tamás L, Durceková K, Halusková L, Huttová J, Mistrík I, Ollé M. Rhizosphere localized cationic peroxidase from barley roots is strongly activated by cadmium and correlated with root growth inhibition. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:1292-300. [PMID: 16949638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The activity of Cd-induced POD isozyme isolated from the surface of intact barley roots growing under some abiotic stress conditions (toxic metals: Al, Co, Cu, Hg; drought, NaCl, extreme temperatures: heat, cold) and compounds activating (2,4-D) or inhibiting (SHAM) POD activity as well as H(2)O(2) and H(2)O(2) scavenger (DTT) was characterized. Strong Cd concentration-dependent accumulation of one cationic POD isozyme was observed on PAGE, which correlated with Cd- and other stress induced root growth inhibition. This isoPOD is basic with isoelectric point about 9 and its localization is restricted only to the apical part of the barley root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Tamás L, Huttová J, Mistrík I, Simonovicová M, Siroká B. Aluminium-induced drought and oxidative stress in barley roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 163:781-4. [PMID: 16616589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between Al accumulation in root tissues, root growth inhibition, root water content, cell viability and expression of oxidative and drought stress-related genes in barley roots growing on the filter paper. Al-induced root growth inhibition correlated with Al uptake and cell death. Water content of Al-treated root represented only half of the control one. The expression of the dehydrin gene dhn4, which is a marker for drought stress in plant tissues, was strongly induced during Al stress. Al treatment also induced expression of oxidative stress-related genes such as glutathione peroxidase (gpx), pathogen-related peroxidase (prx8), glutathione reductase (gr) and dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar). The present results suggest correlation between Al uptake, Al-induced drought stress, oxidative stress, cell death and root growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Tamás L, Budíková S, Huttová J, Mistrík I, Simonovicová M, Siroká B. Aluminum-induced cell death of barley-root border cells is correlated with peroxidase- and oxalate oxidase-mediated hydrogen peroxide production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:189-94. [PMID: 15759117 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of root border cells (RBC) during aluminum (Al) stress and the involvement of oxalate oxidase, peroxidase and H(2)O(2) generation in Al toxicity were studied in barley roots. Our results suggest that RBC effectively protect the barley root tip from Al relative to the situation in roots cultivated in hydroponics where RBC are not sustained in the area surrounding the root tip. The removal of RBC from Al-treated roots increased root growth inhibition, Al and Evans blue uptake, inhibition of RBC production, the level of dead RBC, peroxidase and oxalate oxidase activity and the production of H(2)O(2). Our results suggest that even though RBC actively produce active oxygen species during Al stress, their role in the protection of root tips against Al toxicity is to chelate Al in their dead cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava. Ladislav.
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