1
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Kim EB, Jeon HY, Ouh YT, Lee AJ, Moon CH, Na SH, Ha KS. Proinsulin C-peptide inhibits high glucose-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116232. [PMID: 38310652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinsulin C-peptide, a biologically active polypeptide released from pancreatic β-cells, is known to prevent hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage; however, the role of C-peptide in migration and invasion of cancer cells is unknown. Here, we investigated high glucose-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and the inhibitory effects of human C-peptide on metastatic cellular responses. In SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells, high glucose conditions activated a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) activation through elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. TGase2 played a critical role in high glucose-induced ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through β-catenin disassembly. Human C-peptide inhibited high glucose-induced disassembly of adherens junctions and ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through inhibition of ROS generation and TGase2 activation. The preventive effect of C-peptide on high glucose-induced ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion was further demonstrated in ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells. Our findings suggest that high glucose conditions induce the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, and human C-peptide inhibits these metastatic responses by preventing ROS generation, TGase2 activation, and subsequent disassembly of adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea; Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Campus, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Yung-Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea
| | - Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Moon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Sung Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea.
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2
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Liu J, Mouradian MM. Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2364. [PMID: 38397040 PMCID: PMC10888553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict millions of people worldwide. Characteristic protein aggregates are histopathological hallmark features of these disorders, including Amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in nuclear inclusions in Huntington's disease. These various aggregates are found in specific brain regions that are impacted by neurodegeneration and associated with clinical manifestations. Transglutaminase (TG2) (also known as tissue transglutaminase) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with protein crosslinking activity. To date, Aβ, tau, α-Syn, and mHTT have been determined to be substrates of TG2, leading to their aggregation and implicating the involvement of TG2 in several pathophysiological events in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and physiologic functions of TG2 and describe recent advances in the pathogenetic role of TG2 in these diseases. We also review TG2 inhibitors tested in clinical trials and discuss recent TG2-targeting approaches, which offer new perspectives for the design of future highly potent and selective drugs with improved brain delivery as a disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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3
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Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Gulinac M, Rangelov R, Docheva D, Velikova T, Sekulovski M. Navigating the Challenges of Gluten Enteropathy and Infertility: The Role of Celiac-Related Antibodies and Dietary Changes. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38131801 PMCID: PMC10741221 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition that is initiated in genetically susceptible individuals by the exposure of the intestines to gluten, and the early start of symptoms is related to malabsorption. Atypical variants of the illness are often identified in adulthood and are frequently associated with manifestations outside of the intestines, including metabolic osteopathy, anemia, and dermatitis herpetiformis. But also, empirical data suggest a correlation between CD and reproductive abnormalities, including repeated abortions. Infertility and repeated miscarriages frequently manifest in women diagnosed with CD and may serve as the initial clinical indication of a subclinical form. Furthermore, the condition may manifest as amenorrhea, infertility, and the delivery of infants with a low birth weight. Regarding the mechanisms of CD in infertility, along with the anti-tTG action to hinder the invasiveness of trophoblast, these antibodies could damage endometrial angiogenesis, which has been shown in in vitro models with human endometrial cells and in vivo in murine models. Another important aspect is the role of nutrient deficiencies, such as zinc deficiency (connected to impaired hormone production, secondary amenorrhea, and pre-eclampsia) and folic acid, etc. Therefore, our objective was to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to this specific topic and to elucidate the role of the autoantibodies in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1 Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.-S.); (T.V.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Gulinac
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Bul. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Radoslav Rangelov
- Medical Center Neovitro OOD, 20 Petko Yu. Todorov Bul., 1408 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Desislava Docheva
- Medical Center Neovitro OOD, 20 Petko Yu. Todorov Bul., 1408 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1 Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.-S.); (T.V.)
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1 Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.-S.); (T.V.)
- Medical Center Neovitro OOD, 20 Petko Yu. Todorov Bul., 1408 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.R.); (D.D.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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4
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Zhong Z, Li Z, Li Y, Jiang L, Kong Q, Chen W, Feng S. RhoA vesicle trafficking-mediated transglutaminase 2 membrane translocation promotes IgA1 mesangial deposition in IgA nephropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160374. [PMID: 37811653 PMCID: PMC10619437 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) has been shown to contribute to the mesangial IgA1 deposition in a humanized mouse model of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that inhibition of TGase2 activity could dramatically decrease the amount of polymeric IgA1 (pIgA1) isolated from patients with IgAN that interacts with human mesangial cells (HMC). TGase2 was expressed both in the cytosol and on the membrane of HMC. Upon treatment with pIgA1, there were more TGase2 recruited to the membrane. Using a cell model of mesangial deposition of pIgA1, we identified 253 potential TGase2-associated proteins in the cytosolic fraction and observed a higher concentration of cellular vesicles and increased expression of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) in HMC after pIgA1 stimulation. Both the amount of pIgA1 deposited on HMC and membrane TGase2 level were decreased by inhibition of the vesicle trafficking pathway. Mechanistically, TGase2 was found to be coprecipitated with RhoA in the cellular vesicles. Membrane TGase2 expression was greatly increased by overexpression of RhoA, while it was reduced by knockdown of RhoA. Our in vitro approach demonstrated that TGase2 was transported from the cytosol to the membrane through a RhoA-mediated vesicle-trafficking pathway that can facilitate pIgA1 interaction with mesangium in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanping Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhen Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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Liu C, Gao X, Shi R, Wang Y, He X, Du H, Hu B, Jiao J, Liu C, Teng Z. Microglial transglutaminase 2 deficiency causes impaired synaptic remodelling and cognitive deficits in mice. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13439. [PMID: 36878712 PMCID: PMC10472527 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary source of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in the brain; however, the roles of microglial TGM2 in neural development and disease are still not well known. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role and mechanisms of microglial TGM2 in the brain. A mouse line with a specific knockout of Tgm2 in microglia was generated. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGM2, PSD-95 and CD68. Confocal imaging, immunofluorescence staining and behavioural analyses were conducted to identify phenotypes of microglial TGM2 deficiency. Finally, RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and co-culture of neurons and microglia were used to explore the potential mechanisms. Deletion of microglial Tgm2 causes impaired synaptic pruning, reduced anxiety and increased cognitive deficits in mice. At the molecular level, the phagocytic genes, such as Cq1a, C1qb and Tim4, are significantly down-regulated in TGM2-deficient microglia. This study elucidates a novel role of microglial TGM2 in regulating synaptic remodelling and cognitive function, indicating that microglia Tgm2 is essential for proper neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruo‐Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuan‐Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chang‐Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhao‐Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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6
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Paolella G, Sposito S, Romanelli AM, Caputo I. Type 2 Transglutaminase in Coeliac Disease: A Key Player in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147513. [PMID: 35886862 PMCID: PMC9318967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is the main autoantigen in coeliac disease (CD), a widespread inflammatory enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals in genetically predisposed individuals. As a consequence, serum antibodies to TG2 represent a very useful marker in CD diagnosis. However, TG2 is also an important player in CD pathogenesis, for its ability to deamidate some Gln residues of gluten peptides, which become more immunogenic in CD intestinal mucosa. Given the importance of TG2 enzymatic activities in CD, several studies have sought to discover specific and potent inhibitors that could be employed in new therapeutical approaches for CD, as alternatives to a lifelong gluten-free diet. In this review, we summarise all the aspects regarding TG2 involvement in CD, including its enzymatic reactions in pathogenesis, the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in disease management, and the exploration of recent strategies to reduce deamidation or to use transamidation to detoxify gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Silvia Sposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
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7
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Al-U'datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-Shboul O, Hiram R, Allen BG, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Abu-Zaiton AS. Implications of enigmatic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in cardiac diseases and therapeutic developments. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115104. [PMID: 35617996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that transglutaminases (TGs), tissue TG (TG2) in particular, are involved in numerous molecular responses underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. The TG family has several intra- and extracellular functions in the human body, including collagen cross-linking, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion as well as survival. TGs are thiol- and calcium-dependent acyl transferases that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between the γ-carboxamide group of a glutamine residue and an amine group, thus increasing the stability, rigidity, and stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive accumulation of cross-linked collagen leads to increase myocardial stiffness and fibrosis. Beyond TG2 extracellular protein cross-linking action, mounting evidence suggests that this pleiotropic TG isozyme may also promote fibrotic diseases through cell survival and profibrotic pathway activation at the signaling, transcriptional and translational levels. Due to its multiple functions and localizations, TG2 fulfils critical yet incompletely understood roles in myocardial fibrosis and associated heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and age-related myocardial stiffness under several conditions. This review summarizes current knowledge and existing gaps regarding the ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles of TG2 and highlights the therapeutic prospects of targeting TG2 to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S Abu-Zaiton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al al-bayt University, Al-Mafraq, Jordan
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8
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Mohanta TK, Kamran MS, Omar M, Anwar W, Choi GS. PlantMWpIDB: a database for the molecular weight and isoelectric points of the plant proteomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7421. [PMID: 35523906 PMCID: PMC9076895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the proteins are very important parameters that control their subcellular localization and subsequent function. Although the genome sequence data of the plant kingdom improved enormously, the proteomic details have been poorly elaborated. Therefore, we have calculated the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the plant proteins and reported them in this database. A database, PlantMWpIDB, containing protein data from 342 plant proteomes was created to provide information on plant proteomes for hypothesis formulation in basic research and for biotechnological applications. The Molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) are important molecular parameters of proteins that are useful when conducting protein studies involving 2D gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and X-ray protein crystallography. PlantMWpIDB provides an easy-to-use and efficient interface for search options and generates a summary of basic protein parameters. The database represents a virtual 2D proteome map of plants, and the molecular weight and pI of a protein can be obtained by searching on the name of a protein, a keyword, or by a list of accession numbers. The PlantMWpIDB database also allows one to query protein sequences. The database can be found in the following link https://plantmwpidb.com/ . The individual 2D virtual proteome map of the plant kingdom will enable us to understand the proteome diversity between different species. Further, the molecular weight and isoelectric point of individual proteins can enable us to understand their functional significance in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamran
- Department of Computer Science and IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar
- Department of Data Science, Faculty of Computing, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si, 712-749, South Korea
| | - Waheed Anwar
- Department of Computer Science and IT, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gyu Sang Choi
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si, 712-749, South Korea.
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9
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Seo JA, Sayyed ND, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Kim EB, Hong SH, Cho S, Kim M, Ha KS. Midazolam Ameliorates Hyperglycemia-Induced Glomerular Endothelial Dysfunction by Inhibiting Transglutaminase 2 in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020753. [PMID: 35054938 PMCID: PMC8775471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Midazolam is an anesthetic widely used for anxiolysis and sedation; however, to date, a possible role for midazolam in diabetic kidney disease remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of midazolam on hyperglycemia-induced glomerular endothelial dysfunction and elucidated its mechanism of action in kidneys of diabetic mice and human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (HGECs). We found that, in diabetic mice, subcutaneous midazolam treatment for 6 weeks attenuated hyperglycemia-induced elevation in urine albumin/creatinine ratios. It also ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced adherens junction disruption and subsequent microvascular leakage in glomeruli of diabetic mice. In HGECs, midazolam suppressed high glucose-induced vascular endothelial-cadherin disruption and endothelial cell permeability via inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ elevation and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) activation. Notably, midazolam also suppressed hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation and TGase2 activation in glomeruli of diabetic mice and markedly improved pathological alterations in glomerular ultrastructure in these animals. Analysis of kidneys from diabetic Tgm2−/− mice further revealed that TGase2 played a critical role in microvascular leakage. Overall, our findings indicate that midazolam ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced glomerular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting ROS-mediated activation of TGase2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ah Seo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Nilofar Danishmalik Sayyed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Eun-Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Soyeon Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.-S.H.); Tel.: +82-33-258-9423 (M.K.); +82-33-250-8833 (K.-S.H.)
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.-S.H.); Tel.: +82-33-258-9423 (M.K.); +82-33-250-8833 (K.-S.H.)
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10
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Rayavara K, Kurosky A, Hosakote YM. Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces the release of transglutaminase 2 from human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L1-L12. [PMID: 34704843 PMCID: PMC8721898 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, yet no effective treatments or vaccines are available. The precise mechanism underlying RSV-induced acute airway disease and associated sequelae are not fully understood; however, early lung inflammatory and immune events are thought to play a major role in the outcome of the disease. Moreover, oxidative stress responses in the airways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RSV. Oxidative stress has been shown to elevate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels, which in turn activate Ca2+-dependent enzymes, including transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Transglutaminase 2 is a multifunctional cross-linking enzyme implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions; however, its involvement in respiratory virus-induced airway inflammation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that RSV-induced oxidative stress promotes enhanced activation and release of TG2 from human lung epithelial cells as a result of its translocation from the cytoplasm and subsequent release into the extracellular space, which was mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and NF-κB pathways. Antioxidant treatment significantly inhibited RSV-induced TG2 extracellular release and activation via blocking viral replication. Also, treatment of RSV-infected lung epithelial cells with TG2 inhibitor significantly reduced RSV-induced matrix metalloprotease activities. These results suggested that RSV-induced oxidative stress activates innate immune receptors in the airways, such as TLRs, that can activate TG2 via the NF-κB pathway to promote cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in enhanced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kempaiah Rayavara
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yashoda M. Hosakote
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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11
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Chen X, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Xu W, Keillor JW, Naselsky W, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 Maintains Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling to Enhance the Cancer Cell Phenotype. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2026-2035. [PMID: 34593609 PMCID: PMC10088464 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a key epidermal squamous cell carcinoma cancer cell survival protein. However, how TG2 maintains the aggressive cancer phenotype is not well understood. The present studies show that TG2, which is highly expressed in epidermal cancer stem-like cells (ECS cells), maintains hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling to drive an aggressive ECS cell cancer phenotype. Inhibiting TG2 reduces MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression and activity and attenuates the cancer cell phenotype. Moreover, inhibition of TG2 or HGF/MET function reduces downstream MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 activity, and this is associated with reduced cancer cell spheroid formation, invasion, and migration, and reduced stem and EMT marker expression. Treatment of TG2 knockdown cells with HGF partially restores the aggressive cancer phenotype, confirming that MET signaling is downstream of TG2. MET knockout reduces ERK1/2 signaling, doubles the time to initial tumor appearance, and reduces overall tumor growth. These findings suggest that TG2 maintains HGF/MET and MAPK (MEK1/2 and ERK1/2) signaling to drive the aggressive ECS cell cancer phenotype and tumor formation, and that TG2-dependent MET signaling may be a useful anti-cancer target. IMPLICATIONS: TG2 is an important epidermal squamous cell carcinoma stem cell survival protein. We show that TG2 activates an HGF/MET, MEK1/2 ERK1/2 signaling cascade that maintains the aggressive cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Han Y, Zhang Y, Wu S, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Yin Y, Harraz FA, Li G. Co-assembly of Peptides and Carbon Nanodots: Sensitive Analysis of Transglutaminase 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36919-36925. [PMID: 34328724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The structures assembled by peptides have attracted great attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Moreover, the co-assembly of peptides with additional components can endow the structures with extended functions. In this work, we have explored the co-assembly of peptides and carbon nanodots (CNDs) by taking advantage of their non-covalent binding; thus, the obtained structure may show both the recognition capability of peptides and the catalytic activity of CNDs. Therefore, we have further used the assembled structure for the sensitive analysis of transglutaminase 2 with a low detection limit of 0.25 pg/mL. By simply replacing the peptide sequences or the nanomaterials, the strategy proposed in this work can be developed as a universal model to build the co-assemblies of peptides and nanomaterials, thus leading to their broader applications in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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13
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Shi W, Bian L, Lv D, Bi S, Dai Y, Yang K, Lu H, Zhou H, Que Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Lu N. Enhanced neural differentiation of neural stem cells by sustained release of Shh from TG2 gene-modified EMSC co-culture in vitro. Amino Acids 2020; 53:11-22. [PMID: 33245424 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a promising cell therapy, neural crest-derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) secrete high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) and neurotrophic factors, promoting neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into neuronal lineages and aiding tissue regeneration. Additionally, the forced overexpression of secreted proteins can increase the therapeutic efficacy of the secretome. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of calcium-dependent crosslinking enzymes, which can stabilize the ECM, inducing smart or living biomaterial to stimulate differentiation and enhance the neurogenesis of NSCs. In this study, we examined the neuronal differentiation of NSCs induced by TG2 gene-modified EMSCs (TG2-EMSCs) in a co-culture model directly. Two weeks after initiating differentiation, levels of the neuronal markers, tubulin beta 3 class III and growth-associated protein 43, were higher in NSCs in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group and those of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were lower, compared with the control group. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and laminin, fibronectin and sonic hedgehog (Shh) contributed to this effect. The results of western blot analysis and the enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that after TG2-EMSCs were co-cultured for 2 weeks, they expressed much higher levels of Shh than the control group. Moreover, the sustained release of Shh was observed in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group. Overall, our findings indicate that EMSCs can induce the differentiation of NSCs, of which TG2-EMSCs can promote the differentiation of NSCs compared with EMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Lv
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Bi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dai
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangao Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunduan Que
- Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Woo HM, Jeong H, Yoon BJ. NAPAbench 2: A network synthesis algorithm for generating realistic protein-protein interaction (PPI) network families. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227598. [PMID: 31986158 PMCID: PMC6984706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative network analysis provides effective computational means for gaining novel insights into the structural and functional compositions of biological networks. In recent years, various methods have been developed for biological network alignment, whose main goal is to identify important similarities and critical differences between networks in terms of their topology and composition. A major impediment to advancing network alignment techniques has been the lack of gold-standard benchmarks that can be used for accurate and comprehensive performance assessment of such algorithms. The original NAPAbench (network alignment performance assessment benchmark) was developed to address this problem, and it has been widely utilized by many researchers for the development, evaluation, and comparison of novel network alignment techniques. In this work, we introduce NAPAbench 2-a major update of the original NAPAbench that was introduced in 2012. NAPAbench 2 includes a completely redesigned network synthesis algorithm that can generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) network families whose characteristics closely match those of the latest real PPI networks. Furthermore, the network synthesis algorithm comes with an intuitive GUI that allows users to easily generate PPI network families with an arbitrary number of networks of any size, according to a flexible user-defined phylogeny. In addition, NAPAbench 2 provides updated benchmark datasets-created using the redesigned network synthesis algorithm-which can be used for comprehensive performance assessment of network alignment algorithms and their scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Myung Woo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hyundoo Jeong
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jun Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hauser S, Wodtke R, Tondera C, Wodtke J, Neffe AT, Hampe J, Lendlein A, Löser R, Pietzsch J. Characterization of Tissue Transglutaminase as a Potential Biomarker for Tissue Response toward Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5979-5989. [PMID: 33405720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TGase 2) is proposed to be important for biomaterial-tissue interactions due to its presence and versatile functions in the extracellular environment. TGase 2 catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins through its Ca2+-dependent acyltransferase activity. Moreover, it enhances the interactions between fibronectin and integrins, which in turn mediates the adhesion, migration, and motility of the cells. TGase 2 is also a key player in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether TGase 2 is present at the biomaterial-tissue interface and might serve as an informative biomarker for the visualization of tissue response toward gelatin-based biomaterials. Two differently cross-linked hydrogels were used, which were obtained by the reaction of gelatin with lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester. The overall expression of TGase 2 by endothelial cells, macrophages, and granulocytes was partly influenced by contact to the hydrogels or their degradation products, although no clear correlation was evidenced. In contrast, the secretion of TGase 2 differed remarkably between the different cells, indicating that it might be involved in the cellular reaction toward gelatin-based hydrogels. The hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously in immunocompetent, hairless SKH1-Elite mice. Ex vivo immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections over 112 days revealed enhanced expression of TGase 2 around the hydrogels, in particular at days 14 and 21 post-implantation. The incorporation of fluorescently labeled cadaverine derivatives for the detection of active TGase 2 was in accordance with the results of the expression analysis. The presence of an irreversible inhibitor of TGase 2 led to attenuated incorporation of the cadaverines, which verified the catalytic action of TGase 2. Our in vitro and ex vivo results verified TGase 2 as a potential biomarker for tissue response toward gelatin-based hydrogels. In vivo, no TGase 2 activity was detectable, which is mainly attributed to the unfavorable physicochemical properties of the cadaverine probe used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hauser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Christoph Tondera
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Teltow 14513, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Teltow 14513, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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16
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Lee JY, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction. FASEB J 2019; 33:12655-12667. [PMID: 31462079 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901358rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials suggested that the vascular system can remember episodes of poor glycemic control through a phenomenon known as hyperglycemic memory (HGM). HGM is associated with long-term diabetic vascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although the molecular mechanism of that association is not clearly understood. We hypothesized that transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in HGM-induced vascular dysfunction. We found that hyperglycemia induced persistent oxidative stress, expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules, and apoptosis in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice whose blood glucose levels had been normalized by insulin supplementation. TGase2 activation and ROS generation were in a vicious cycle in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice and also in human aortic endothelial cells after glucose normalization, which played a key role in the sustained expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the TGase2-ROS vicious cycle plays an important role in HGM-induced endothelial dysfunction.-Lee, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-J., Jeon, H.-Y., Han, E.-T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Ha, K.-S. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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17
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Hua H, Kong Q, Zhang H, Wang J, Luo T, Jiang Y. Targeting mTOR for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 31277692 PMCID: PMC6612215 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). In cooperation with raptor, rictor, LST8, and mSin1, key components in mTORC1 or mTORC2, mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of multiple targets such as ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), thereby regulating protein synthesis, nutrients metabolism, growth factor signaling, cell growth, and migration. Activation of mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Many mTOR inhibitors have been developed to treat cancer. While some of the mTOR inhibitors have been approved to treat human cancer, more mTOR inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we update recent advances in exploring mTOR signaling and the development of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the resistance to mTOR inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Array-based Investigation of Amino Acids Responsible for Regulation of Transamidase and Kinase Activities of Transglutaminase 2. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Tissue transglutaminase in fibrosis — more than an extracellular matrix cross-linker. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Jeon HY, Lee YJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:750-762. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of BiochemistryAjou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology BranchNational Cancer Center Goyang Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of PhysiologyKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
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21
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Perdomo-Morales R, Montero-Alejo V, Perera E. The clotting system in decapod crustaceans: History, current knowledge and what we need to know beyond the models. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:204-212. [PMID: 30261301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymph coagulation is among the major arms of the humoral immune response in crustaceans. According to the current model, hemolymph clotting in decapod crustacean relies mostly on the polymerization of the plasmatic clotting protein (CP) which is directly promoted by calcium-depended transglutaminase (TGase) released from hemocytes upon microbial stimulus or injury. However, the type of hemocytes containing TGase, and hence how the TGase is released, might vary among species. Thus, we discourse here about possible mechanisms for clotting initiation. On the other hand, the initiation of coagulation reaction in the absence of microbial elicitors is poorly understood and seems to involve hemocytes lability, yet the mechanism remains unknown. A cellular clottable protein called coagulogen, different to the plasma CP, occurs in several species and could be related with the immune response, but the biological relevance of this protein is unknown. It is also demonstrated that the clotting response is actively involved in defense against pathogens. In addition, both TGase and the CP show pleiotropic functions, and although both proteins are relatively conserved, some of their physic-chemical properties vary significantly. The occurrence of differences in the clotting system in crustaceans is conceivable given the high number of species and their diverse ecology. Results from still non-studied decapods may provide explanation for some of the issues presented here from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba.
| | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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22
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Transglutaminase 2 Up-Regulation Is Associated with Inflammatory Response in PBMC from Healthy Subjects with Hypovitaminosis D. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040103. [PMID: 30453584 PMCID: PMC6313411 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicated that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in the adaptive immune response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have largely been used to characterize molecular mechanisms occurring in the activation of immune response. Given that the maintenance of immune system functions requires an optimal vitamin D status, we aimed to assess the involvement of TG2/NF-κB signaling in cytokine production in PBMC isolated from adult subjects with different vitamin D status. We observed TG2 up-regulation and a significant positive correlation between TG2 expression and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA levels in PBMC of recruited patients. The mRNA levels of TG2 and TNF-α were higher in PBMC of subjects having hypovitaminosis D, namely plasma 25(OH)vitamin D3 levels lower than 50 nmol/L, than in those with normal vitamin D levels. Moreover, NF-κB up-regulation and nuclear translocation were detected, concomitantly with TG2 as well as TNF-α increased expression, in PBMC of vitamin D-deficient subjects. The present findings confirm that an increase in TG2 expression exacerbates the activation of NF-κB and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency, TG2 up-regulation, and inflammation.
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Jung SH, Jeon HY, Lee SH, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. On-chip dual enzyme activity assay to investigate regulation of the transamidase and kinase activities of transglutaminase 2. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jung SH, Kwon MH, Lee SH, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. High-throughput investigation of transglutaminase 2 kinase regulation using a novel cysteine-modified peptide array. Anal Biochem 2018; 559:62-70. [PMID: 30165045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) kinase has emerged as an important regulator of apoptosis as well as chromatin structure and function; however, details about the pathophysiological functions of TGase2 kinase have been limited because of the lack of a suitable activity assay for systematic investigation of TGase2 kinase regulation in a high-throughput manner. Thus, we developed a novel on-chip TGase2 kinase activity assay using a cysteine-modified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3-derived peptide (CMI peptide) on an array platform. This peptide array-based activity assay was reproducible, with a detection limit of 2.127 μg/ml. We successfully applied this assay to investigate the effects of thiol-reactive compounds and divalent cations on TGase2 kinase by determining the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Thiol-reactive compounds inhibited TGase2 kinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 0.125 to 5.550 mM. Divalent metal cations also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 0.005 to 1.937 mM; however, Ca2+ had no effect on TGase2 kinase activity. Thus, this novel kinase activity assay using the CMI peptide array described here is suitable for systematic investigation of TGase2 kinase regulation and may be useful for investigating the roles of TGase2 kinase in pathogenesis of kinase-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea.
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Abstract
Transglutaminase (TG)-2 interacts with matrix proteins and integrins, forming focal adhesions (FA) to initiate cell migration, thus playing a vital role in wound healing. Previously we showed that TG-2 influenced phosphorylation of paxillin and other FA proteins. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of TG-2 regulation of paxillin. Human corneal epithelial cells expressing shRNA against TG-2 (shTG) and scrambled sequence control (shRNA) were cultured. TG-2 was pulled down by anti-paxillin antibody, but not MAP3K12. Cell-free interaction assay with immobilized paxillin shows that TG-2 bind to paxillin directly. JNK was the strongest kinase for paxillin phosphorylation in the in-vitro kinase screen, but TG-2 could not phosphorylate paxillin directly. Increasing TG-2 concentrations did not increase the amount of JNK in the TG-2/paxillin complex. Immunofluoresent staining shows that TG-2 colocalises with vinculin and paxillin in FA of migrating cells. TG-2 binds to paxillin and JNK-containing FA but does not recruit JNK directly. Taken together with previous findings, TG-2 binds paxillin non-covalently, and JNK can phosphorylate paxillin, these processes critically regulate corneal epithelial adhesion and migration.
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Min B, Chung KC. New insight into transglutaminase 2 and link to neurodegenerative diseases. BMB Rep 2018; 51:5-13. [PMID: 29187283 PMCID: PMC5796628 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.1.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of toxic protein aggregates is a common feature and mainly contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and prion diseases. The transglutaminase 2 (TG2) gene encodes a multifunctional enzyme, displaying four types of activity, such as transamidation, GTPase, protein disulfide isomerase, and protein kinase activities. Many studies demonstrated that the calcium-dependent transamidation activity of TG2 affects the formation of insoluble and toxic amyloid aggregates that mainly consisted of NDD-related proteins. So far, many important and NDD-related substrates of TG2 have been identified, including amlyoid-β, tau, α-synuclein, mutant huntingtin, and ALS-linked trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43. Recently, the formation of toxic inclusions mediated by several TG2 substrates were efficiently inhibited by TG2 inhibitors. Therefore, the development of highly specific TG2 inhibitors would be an important tool in alleviating the progression of TG2-related brain disorders. In this review, the authors discuss recent advances in TG2 biochemistry, several mechanisms of molecular regulation and pleotropic signaling functions, and the presumed role of TG2 in the progression of many NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Min
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Wells EA, Anderson MA, Zeczycki TN. 15(V/K) kinetic isotope effect and steady-state kinetic analysis for the transglutaminase 2 catalyzed deamidation and transamidation reactions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 643:57-61. [PMID: 29477769 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-dependent deamidation and transamidation activities of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are important to numerous physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we have examined the steady-state kinetics and 15(V/K) kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for the TG2-catalyzed deamidation and transamidation of N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-l-Glutaminylglycine (Z-Gln-Gly) using putrescine as the acyl acceptor substrate. Kinetic parameters determined from initial velocity plots are consistent with previously proposed mechanisms. Significant differences in the 15(V/K) KIEs on NH3 release determined for the deamidation (0.2%) and the transamidation (2.3%) of Z-Gln-Gly suggest the rate-limiting steps of TG2 active site acylation are dependent on the presence of the acyl acceptor. We propose a plausible mechanistic explanation where substrate-induced conformational changes may play a role in promoting catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Mark A Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
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Quinn BR, Yunes-Medina L, Johnson GVW. Transglutaminase 2: Friend or foe? The discordant role in neurons and astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1150-1158. [PMID: 29570839 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transglutaminase family catalyze the formation of isopeptide bonds between a polypeptide-bound glutamine and a low molecular weight amine (e.g., spermidine) or the ɛ-amino group of a polypeptide-bound lysine. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a prominent member of this family, is unique because in addition to being a transamidating enzyme, it exhibits numerous other activities. As a result, TG2 plays a role in many physiological processes, and its function is highly cell type specific and relies upon a number of factors, including conformation, cellular compartment location, and local concentrations of Ca2+ and guanine nucleotides. TG2 is the most abundant transglutaminase in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a pivotal role in the CNS injury response. How TG2 affects the cell in response to an insult is strikingly different in astrocytes and neurons. In neurons, TG2 supports survival. Overexpression of TG2 in primary neurons protects against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death and in vivo results in a reduction in infarct volume subsequent to a stroke. Knockdown of TG2 in primary neurons results in a loss of viability. In contrast, deletion of TG2 from astrocytes results in increased survival following OGD and improved ability to protect neurons from injury. Here, a brief overview of TG2 is provided, followed by a discussion of the role of TG2 in transcriptional regulation, cellular dynamics, and cell death. The differing roles TG2 plays in neurons and astrocytes are highlighted and compared to how TG2 functions in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breandan R Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Yunes-Medina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Piacentini M, Baiocchini A, Del Nonno F, Melino G, Barlev NA, Rossin F, D'Eletto M, Falasca L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity is modulated by transglutaminase type 2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29449533 PMCID: PMC5833377 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important liver diseases worldwide. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and NAFLD pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here we examined the impact of TG2 on NAFLD progression using the high-fat-diet-induced model in both wild-type and TG2-deficient mice. Animals were fed with a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (42% of the energy from fat) for 16 weeks. Results demonstrated that the absence of a functional enzyme, which causes the impairment of autophagy/mitophagy, leads to worsening of disease progression. Data were confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of TG2 in WT animals. In addition, the analysis of human liver samples from NAFLD patients validated the enzyme’s involvement in the liver fat disease pathogenesis. Our findings strongly suggest that TG2 activation may offer protection in the context of NAFLD, thus representing a novel therapeutic target for tackling the NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Baiocchini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
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Lee HT, Huang CH, Chen WC, Tsai CS, Chao YL, Liu SH, Chen JH, Wu YY, Lee YJ. Transglutaminase 2 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1175-1182. [PMID: 29301592 PMCID: PMC7844758 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15149761920868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given that the major threat of cancer is metastasis, delineation of the molecular mechanism underlying it would help devise therapeutic strategies. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), belonging to the transglutaminase superfamily, is a versatile protein with enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. It mainly localizes inside the cell, but also appears extracellularly. Recent findings have demonstrated the involvement of TG2 in cancer development. Here we examine the role of TG2 in metastasis of lung cancer using a lung cancer cell line CL1-0, which exhibits low invasiveness, and its invasive subline CL1-5. Our results show that CL1-5 cells express a higher amount of TG2 than CL1-0 cells. Overexpression of TG2 in CL1-0 enhances cell migration and invasion, and lowering TG2 expression in CL1-5 cells reduces their ability to do so. The transamidase activity of TG2 is not required since cells expressing the inactive TG2 mutant or treated with a TG2 inhibitor are still able to migrate and invade. TG2-stimulated migration and invasion are, at least in part, mediated by Rac, as inhibition of Rac activity suppresses cell migration and invasion. Lastly, exogenous application of recombinant TG2 protein to CL1-0 cells substantially augments cell migration and invasion, suggesting the significance of extracellular TG2 in promoting these events. Collectively, our results show that TG2 plays a positive role in cell migration and invasion, and this might help metastasis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsieh Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wuan-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Chao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Han Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Espitia Pinzón N, Brevé JJP, Bol JGJM, Drukarch B, Baron W, van Dam AM. Tissue transglutaminase in astrocytes is enhanced by inflammatory mediators and is involved in the formation of fibronectin fibril-like structures. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:260. [PMID: 29282083 PMCID: PMC5745633 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion formation, inflammatory mediators are produced by microglial cells and invading leukocytes. Subsequently, hypertrophic astrocytes fill the lesion and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that together form the astroglial scar. This is beneficial because it seals off the site of central nervous system (CNS) damage. However, astroglial scarring also forms an obstacle that inhibits remyelination of brain lesions. This is possibly an important cause for incomplete remyelination of the CNS in early stage MS patients and for failure of remyelination when the disease progresses. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a Ca2+-dependent enzyme that can cross-link proteins, appears in astrocytes in inflammatory MS lesions and may contribute to the rearrangement of ECM protein deposition and aggregation. Methods The effect of different inflammatory mediators on TG2 and fibronectin, an ECM protein, protein levels was examined in primary rat microglia and astrocytes by western blotting. Also, TG2 activity was analyzed in primary rat astrocytes by a TG activity assay. To determine the role of TG2 in the deposition and cross-linking of fibronectin, a TG2 inhibitor and TG2 knockdown astrocytes were used. Results Our data show that under inflammatory conditions in vitro, TG2 production is enhanced in astrocytes and microglia. We observed that in particular, astrocytes produce fibronectin that can be cross-linked and aggregated by exogenous TG2. Moreover, inflammatory stimulus-induced endogenously produced TG2 is involved in the appearance of morphological fibril-like fibronectin deposits but does not lead to cross-linked fibronectin aggregates. Conclusions Our in vitro observations suggest that during MS lesion formation, when inflammatory mediators are produced, astrocyte-derived TG2 may contribute to ECM rearrangement, and subsequent astroglial scarring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1031-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Espitia Pinzón
- Department Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Department Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Department Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Department Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Meshram DD, Pike CV, Coussons PJ. Inhibition of Transglutaminase 2 activity increases cisplatin cytotoxicity in a model of human hepatocarcinoma chemotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:332-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee YJ, Jung SH, Hwang J, Jeon S, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Cysteamine prevents vascular leakage through inhibiting transglutaminase in diabetic retina. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:39-48. [PMID: 28751454 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteamine (an aminothiol), which is derived from coenzyme A degradation and metabolized into taurine, has beneficial effects against cystinosis and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in diabetic complications is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine the preventive effect of cysteamine against hyperglycemia-induced vascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice. Cysteamine and ethanolamine, the sulfhydryl group-free cysteamine analogue, inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption in endothelial cells, which play a critical role in modulating endothelial permeability. Intravitreal injection of the amine compounds prevented hyperglycemia-induced vascular leakage in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We then investigated the potential roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transglutaminase (TGase) in the cysteamine prevention of VEGF-induced vascular leakage. Cysteamine, but not ethanolamine, inhibited VEGF-induced ROS generation in endothelial cells and diabetic retinas. In contrast, VEGF-induced TGase activation was prevented by both cysteamine and ethanolamine. Our findings suggest that cysteamine protects against vascular leakage through inhibiting VEGF-induced TGase activation rather than ROS generation in diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - JongYun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of OphthalmologySeoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of PhysiologyKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
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Wilking-Busch MJ, Ndiaye MA, Liu X, Ahmad N. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 and/or SIRT2 in melanoma: Identification of downstream targets by large-scale proteomics analysis. J Proteomics 2017; 170:99-109. [PMID: 28882678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most notorious and fatal of all skin cancers and the existing treatment options have not been proven to effectively manage this neoplasm, especially the metastatic disease. Sirtuin (SIRT) proteins have been shown to be differentially expressed in melanoma. We have shown that SIRTs 1 and 2 were overexpressed in melanoma and inhibition of SIRT1 imparts anti-proliferative responses in human melanoma cells. To elucidate the impact of SIRT 1 and/or 2 in melanoma, we created stable knockdowns of SIRTs 1, 2, and their combination using shRNA mediated RNA interference in A375 human melanoma cells. We found that SIRT1 and SIRT1&2 combination knockdown caused a decreased cellular proliferation in melanoma cells. Further, the knockdown of SIRT 1 and/or 2 resulted in a decreased colony formation in melanoma cells. To explore the downstream targets of SIRTs 1 and/or 2, we employed a label-free quantitative nano-LC-MS/MS proteomics analysis using the stable lines. We found aberrant levels of proteins involved in many vital cellular processes, including cytoskeletal organization, ribosomal activity, oxidative stress response, and angiogenesis. These findings provide clear evidence of cellular systems undergoing alterations in response to sirtuin inhibition, and have unveiled several excellent candidates for future study. SIGNIFICANCE Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, due to its aggressive nature, metastatic potential, and a lack of sufficient treatment options for advanced disease. Therefore, detailed investigations into the molecular mechanisms of melanoma growth and progression are needed. In the search for candidate genes to serve as therapeutic targets, the sirtuins show promise as they have been found to be upregulated in melanoma and they regulate a large number of proteins involved in cellular processes known to affect tumor growth, such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this study, we used a large-scale label-free comparative proteomics system to identify novel protein targets that are affected following knockdown of SIRT1 and/or 2 in A375 metastatic melanoma cell line. Our study offers important insight into the potential downstream targets of SIRTs 1 and/or 2. This may unravel new potential areas of exploration in melanoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Wilking-Busch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Hussain T, Tan B, Ren W, Rahu N, Dad R, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Polyamines: therapeutic perspectives in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1457-1468. [PMID: 28733904 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring aliphatic compounds, particularly essential elements for biological functions. These compounds play a central role in regulating molecular pathways which are responsible for cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Importantly, excessive polyamine catabolism can lead to a prominent source of oxidative stress which increases inflammatory response and thought to be involved in several diseases including stroke, renal failure, neurological disease, liver disease, and even cancer. Moreover, polyamine supplementation increases life span in model organisms and may encounter oxidative stress via exerting its potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The revealed literature indicates that an emerging role of polyamine biosynthetic pathway could be a novel target for drug development against inflammatory diseases. In this review, we expand the knowledge on the metabolism of polyamines, and its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which might have future implications against inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Dad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Huang SP, Liu PY, Kuo CJ, Chen CL, Lee WJ, Tsai YH, Lin YF. The Gαh-PLCδ1 signaling axis drives metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:114. [PMID: 28576130 PMCID: PMC5457652 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to other organs, e.g., the lungs, has been correlated with poor survival rates among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the identification of useful therapeutic targets to prevent metastasis or even inhibit tumor growth of TNBC is urgently needed. Gαh is a novel GTP-binding protein and known as an inactive form of calcium-dependent tissue transglutaminase. However, the functional consequences of transamidating and G-protein activities of tissue transglutaminase in promoting cancer metastasis are still controversial. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to estimate the prognostic values of Gαh and PLCδ1 by utilizing public databases and performing immunohistochemical staining experiments. Cell-based invasion assays and in vivo lung colony-forming and orthotropic lung metastasis models were established to evaluate the effectiveness of interrupting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Gαh and PLCδ1 in inhibiting the invasive ability and metastatic potential of TNBC cells. RESULTS Here, we showed that the increased level of cytosolic, not extracellular, Gαh is a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer patients and correlates with the metastatic evolution of TNBC cells. Moreover, clinicopathological analyses revealed that the combined signature of high Gαh/PLCδ1 levels indicates worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer and correlates with lymph node metastasis of ER-negative breast cancer. Blocking the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex by synthetically myristoylated PLCδ1 peptide corresponding to the Gαh-binding interface appeared to significantly suppress cellular invasiveness in vitro and inhibit lung metastatic colonies of TNBC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes Gαh/PLCδ1 as a poor prognostic factor for patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers, including TNBCs, and provides therapeutic value by targeting the PPI of the Gαh/PLCδ1 complex to combat the metastatic progression of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Pen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 110, Taipei, Taiwan.
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37
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Marré ML, Piganelli JD. Environmental Factors Contribute to β Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Neo-Antigen Formation in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:262. [PMID: 29033899 PMCID: PMC5626851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which immune-mediated targeting and destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells leads to chronic hyperglycemia. There are many β cell proteins that are targeted by autoreactive T cells in their native state. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many β cell proteins are recognized as neo-antigens following posttranslational modification (PTM). Although modified neo-antigens are well-established targets of pathology in other autoimmune diseases, the effects of neo-antigens in T1D progression and the mechanisms by which they are generated are not well understood. We have demonstrated that PTM occurs during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a process to which β cells are uniquely susceptible due to the high rate of insulin production in response to dynamic glucose sensing. In the context of genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity, presentation of these modified neo-antigens may activate autoreactive T cells and cause pathology. However, inherent β cell ER stress and protein PTM do not cause T1D in every genetically susceptible individual, suggesting the contribution of additional factors. Indeed, many environmental factors, such as viral infection, chemicals, or inflammatory cytokines, are associated with T1D onset, but the mechanisms by which these factors lead to disease onset remain unknown. Since these environmental factors also cause ER stress, exposure to these factors may enhance production of neo-antigens, therefore boosting β cell recognition by autoreactive T cells and exacerbating T1D pathogenesis. Therefore, the combined effects of physiological ER stress and the stress that is induced by environmental factors may lead to breaks in peripheral tolerance, contribute to antigen spread, and hasten disease onset. This Hypothesis and Theory article summarizes what is currently known about ER stress and protein PTM in autoimmune diseases including T1D and proposes a role for environmental factors in breaking immune tolerance to β cell antigens through neo-antigen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Marré
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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38
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Huang H, Chen Z, Ni X. Tissue transglutaminase-1 promotes stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:194-202. [PMID: 27660242 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216670541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, and is one of the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Recently, members of the transglutaminases (TGM) family, especially TGM2, have been implicated in the progression and drug resistance of cancers, but the function of TGM1 in cancer development has been largely overlooked. In this study, we demonstrate the roles of TGM1 in development of gastric cancer. We found that expression levels of TGM1 were upregulated in both gastric cancer tissues and cultured gastric cancer cells, and that TGM1 expression levels were correlated with patient survival. In cultured gastric cancer cells, loss of TGM1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, as well increased gastric cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs and reducing stemness. These results strongly supported the participation of TGM1 in the regulation of gastric cancer development. In addition, we found evidence that the mechanism of action of TGM1 in regulating gastric cancer cell might involve the Wnt signaling pathway, as loss of TGM1 expression in gastric cancer cells led to a significant suppression of Wnt signaling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Huang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163001, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Oilfield General Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163001, China
| | - Xiuqin Ni
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
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39
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Eligini S, Fiorelli S, Tremoli E, Colli S. Inhibition of transglutaminase 2 reduces efferocytosis in human macrophages: Role of CD14 and SR-AI receptors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:922-930. [PMID: 27378395 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a member of the transglutaminase family of enzymes, is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous events spanning from cell differentiation, to signal transduction, apoptosis, and wound healing. It is expressed in a variety of cells, macrophages included. Macrophage TGM2 promotes the clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and emerging evidence suggests that defective efferocytosis contributes to the consequences of inflammation-associated diseases, including atherosclerotic lesion progression and its sequelae. Of interest, active TGM2 identified in human atherosclerotic lesions plays critical roles in plaque stability through effects on matrix cross-linking and TGFβ activity. This study explores the mechanisms by which TGM2 controls efferocytosis in human macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein we show that TGM2 increases progressively during monocyte differentiation towards macrophages and controls their efferocytic potential as well as morphology and viability. Two experimental approaches that took advantage of the inhibition of TGM2 activity and protein silencing give proof that TGM2 reduction significantly impairs macrophage efferocytosis. Among the mechanisms involved we highlighted a role of the receptors CD14 and SR-AI whose levels were markedly reduced by TGM2 inhibition. Conversely, CD36 receptor and αvβ3 integrin levels were not influenced. Of note, lipid accumulation and IL-10 secretion were reduced in macrophages displaying defective efferocytosis. CONCLUSION Overall, our data define a crucial role of TGM2 activity during macrophage differentiation via mechanisms involving CD14 and SR-AI receptors and show that TGM2 inhibition triggers a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy.
| | - S Fiorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - E Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - S Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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40
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Is monocyte- and macrophage-derived tissue transglutaminase involved in inflammatory processes? Amino Acids 2016; 49:441-452. [PMID: 27659795 PMCID: PMC5332491 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are key players in inflammatory processes following an infection or tissue damage. Monocytes adhere and extravasate into the inflamed tissue, differentiate into macrophages, and produce inflammatory mediators to combat the pathogens. In addition, they take up dead cells and debris and, therefore, take part in the resolution of inflammation. The multifunctional enzyme tissue Transglutaminase (TG2, tTG) is known to participate in most of those monocyte- and macrophage-mediated processes. Moreover, TG2 expression and activity can be regulated by inflammatory mediators. In the present review, we selectively elaborate on the expression, regulation, and contribution of TG2 derived from monocytes and macrophages to inflammatory processes mediated by those cells. In addition, we discuss the role of TG2 in certain pathological conditions, in which inflammation and monocytes and/or macrophages are prominently present, including atherosclerosis, sepsis, and multiple sclerosis. Based on the studies and considerations reported in this review, we conclude that monocyte- and macrophage-derived TG2 is clearly involved in various processes contributing to inflammation. However, TG2’s potential as a therapeutic target to counteract the possible detrimental effects or stimulate the potential beneficial effects on monocyte and macrophage responses during inflammation should be carefully considered. Alternatively, as TG2-related parameters can be used as a marker of disease, e.g., in celiac disease, or of disease-stage, e.g., in cancer, we put forward that this could be subject of research for monocyte- or macrophage-derived TG2 in inflammatory diseases.
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41
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Lee YJ, Jung SH, Kim SH, Kim MS, Lee S, Hwang J, Kim SY, Kim YM, Ha KS. Essential Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Leakage in the Retina of Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:2414-28. [PMID: 27207524 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is predominantly caused by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced vascular leakage; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we designed an in vivo transglutaminase (TGase) activity assay in mouse retina and demonstrated that hyperglycemia induced vascular leakage by activating TGase2 in diabetic retina. VEGF elevated TGase2 activity through sequential elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in endothelial cells. The TGase inhibitors cystamine and monodansylcadaverin or TGase2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented VEGF-induced stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption, which play a critical role in modulating endothelial permeability. Intravitreal injection of two TGase inhibitors or TGase2 siRNA successfully inhibited hyperglycemia-induced TGase activation and microvascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice. C-peptide or ROS scavengers also inhibited TGase activation in diabetic mouse retinas. The role of TGase2 in VEGF-induced vascular leakage was further supported using diabetic TGase2(-/-) mice. Thus, our findings suggest that ROS-mediated activation of TGase2 plays a key role in VEGF-induced vascular leakage by stimulating stress fiber formation and VE-cadherin disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea Department of Anesthesiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - JongYun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Korea
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42
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Rauhavirta T, Hietikko M, Salmi T, Lindfors K. Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 2 Autoantibodies in Celiac Disease: a Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 57:23-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Wodtke R, Schramm G, Pietzsch J, Pietsch M, Löser R. Synthesis and Kinetic Characterisation of Water-Soluble Fluorogenic Acyl Donors for Transglutaminase 2. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1263-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Georg Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Department of Imaging and Pathology; KU Leuven; UZ Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät; Universität zu Köln; Gleueler Strasse 24 50931 Köln Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Technische Universität Dresden; Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
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44
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Diaz-Hidalgo L, Altuntas S, Rossin F, D'Eletto M, Marsella C, Farrace MG, Falasca L, Antonioli M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase type 2-dependent selective recruitment of proteins into exosomes under stressful cellular conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2084-92. [PMID: 27169926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies are revealing a role of exosomes in intercellular communication, and growing evidence indicates an important function for these vesicles in the progression and pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the biogenesis process of exosomes is still unclear. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme with different subcellular localizations. Particularly, under stressful conditions, the enzyme has been also detected in the extracellular matrix, but the mechanism(s) by which TG2 is released outside the cells requires further investigation. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine whether exosomes might be a vehicle for TG2 to reach the extracellular space, and whether TG2 could be involved in exosomes biogenesis. To address this issue, we isolated and characterized exosomes derived from cells either expressing or not TG2, under stressful conditions (i.e. proteasome impairment or expressing a mutated form of huntingtin (mHtt) containing 84 polyglutamine repeats). Our results show that TG2 is present in the exosomes only upon proteasome blockade, a condition in which TG2 interacts with TSG101 and ALIX, two key proteins involved in exosome biogenesis. Interestingly, we found that TG2 favours the assembly of a protein complex including mHtt, ALIX, TSG101 and BAG3, a co-chaperone involved in the clearance of mHtt. The formation of this complex is paralleled by the selective recruitment of mHtt and BAG3 in the exosomes derived from TG2 proficient cells only. Overall, our data indicate that TG2 is an important player in the biogenesis of exosomes controlling the selectivity of their cargo under stressful cellular conditions. In addition, these vesicles represent the way by which cells can release TG2 into the extracellular space under proteostasis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Altuntas
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
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45
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Identification of transglutaminase 2 kinase substrates using a novel on-chip activity assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:40-8. [PMID: 27040940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in a wide variety of cellular processes through its multifunctional activities. TG2 kinase has emerged as an important regulator of apoptosis, as well as of chromatin structure and function. However, systematic investigation of TG2 kinase substrates is limited due to a lack of a suitable TG2 kinase activity assays. Thus, we developed a novel on-chip TG2 kinase activity assay for quantitative determination of TG2 kinase activity and for screening TG2 kinase substrate proteins in a high-throughput manner. Quantitative TG2 kinase activity was determined by selective detection of substrate protein phosphorylation on the surface of well-type amine arrays. The limit of detection (LOD) of this assay was 4.34μg/ml. We successfully applied this new activity assay to the kinetic analysis of 27 TG2-related proteins for TG2 kinase activity in a high-throughput manner and determined Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of these proteins. We used the Km values and cellular locations of the TG2-related proteins to construct a substrate affinity map for TG2 kinase. Therefore, this on-chip TG2 kinase activity assay has a strong potential for the systematic investigation of substrate proteins and will be helpful for studying new physiological functions.
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46
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Cao J, Huang W. Compensatory Increase of Transglutaminase 2 Is Responsible for Resistance to mTOR Inhibitor Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149388. [PMID: 26872016 PMCID: PMC4752276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a crucial role in controlling cell growth and homeostasis. Deregulation of mTOR signaling is frequently observed in some cancers, making it an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Although mTORC1 inhibitor rapalog-based therapy has shown positive results in various pre-clinical animal cancer studies, tumors rebound upon treatment discontinuation. Moreover, several recent clinical trials showed that the mTORC1 inhibitors rapamycin and rapalog only reduce the capacity for cell proliferation without promoting cell death, consistent with the concept that rapamycin is cytostatic and reduces disease progression but is not cytotoxic. It is imperative that rapamycin-regulated events and additional targets for more effective drug combinations be identified. Here, we report that rapamycin treatment promotes a compensatory increase in transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) levels in mTORC1-driven tumors. TGM2 inhibition potently sensitizes mTORC1-hyperactive cancer cells to rapamycin treatment, and a rapamycin-induced autophagy blockade inhibits the compensatory TGM2 upregulation. More importantly, tumor regression was observed in MCF-7-xenograft tumor-bearing mice treated with both mTORC1 and TGM2 inhibitors compared with those treated with either a single inhibitor or the vehicle control. These results demonstrate a critical role for the compensatory increase in transglutaminase 2 levels in promoting mTORC1 inhibitor resistance and suggest that rational combination therapy may potentially suppress cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Sreelakshmi V, Abraham A. Anthraquinones and flavonoids of Cassia tora leaves ameliorate sodium selenite induced cataractogenesis in neonatal rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:1087-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy ofCassia toraleaves, an edible plant traditionally used for eye ailments, in preventing experimental cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sreelakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Kerala
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Kerala
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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48
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Altuntas S, Rossin F, Marsella C, D'Eletto M, Hidalgo LD, Farrace MG, Campanella M, Antonioli M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. The transglutaminase type 2 and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 interplay in autophagy regulation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:44941-54. [PMID: 26702927 PMCID: PMC4792602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative physiological process by which the cell removes worn-out or damaged components. Constant at basal level it may become highly active in response to cellular stress. The type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), which accumulates under stressful cell conditions, plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy and cells lacking this enzyme display impaired autophagy/mitophagy and a consequent shift their metabolism to glycolysis. To further define the molecular partners of TG2 involved in these cellular processes, we analysed the TG2 interactome under normal and starved conditions discovering that TG2 interacts with various proteins belonging to different functional categories. Herein we show that TG2 interacts with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis which is responsible for maintaining a glycolytic phenotype in malignant cells and displays non metabolic functions, including transcriptional co-activation and protein kinase activity. Interestingly, the ablation of PKM2 led to the decrease of intracellular TG2's transamidating activity paralleled by an increase of its tyrosine phosphorylation. Along with this, a significant decrease of ULK1 and Beclin1 was also recorded, thus suggesting a block in the upstream regulation of autophagosome formation. These data suggest that the PKM2/TG2 interplay plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy in particular under cellular stressful conditions such as those displayed by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Altuntas
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
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CHIP-mediated degradation of transglutaminase 2 negatively regulates tumor growth and angiogenesis in renal cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3718-28. [PMID: 26568304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) primarily catalyzes cross-linking reactions of proteins via (γ-glutamyl) lysine bonds. Several recent findings indicate that altered regulation of intracellular TG2 levels affects renal cancer. Elevated TG2 expression is observed in renal cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TG2 degradation is not completely understood. Carboxyl-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase. Previous studies reveal that CHIP deficiency mice displayed a reduced life span with accelerated aging in kidney tissues. Here we show that CHIP promotes polyubiquitination of TG2 and its subsequent proteasomal degradation. In addition, TG2 upregulation contributes to enhanced kidney tumorigenesis. Furthermore, CHIP-mediated TG2 downregulation is critical for the suppression of kidney tumor growth and angiogenesis. Notably, our findings are further supported by decreased CHIP expression in human renal cancer tissues and renal cancer cells. The present work reveals that CHIP-mediated TG2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation represent a novel regulatory mechanism that controls intracellular TG2 levels. Alterations in this pathway result in TG2 hyperexpression and consequently contribute to renal cancer.
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