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Andonian BJ, Ross LM, Sudnick AM, Johnson JL, Pieper CF, Belski KB, Counts JD, King AP, Wallis JT, Bennett WC, Gillespie JC, Moertl KM, Richard D, Huebner JL, Connelly MA, Siegler IC, Kraus WE, Bales CW, Porter Starr KN, Huffman KM. Effect of Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training Versus Lifestyle Counseling on Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024; 6:124-136. [PMID: 38126260 PMCID: PMC10933621 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a remotely supervised weight loss and exercise intervention to lifestyle counseling for effects on cardiovascular disease risk, disease activity, and patient-reported outcomes in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and overweight/obesity. METHODS Twenty older (60-80 years), previously sedentary participants with seropositive RA and overweight/obesity were randomized to 16 weeks of either Supervised Weight loss and Exercise Training (SWET) or Counseling Health As Treatment (CHAT). The SWET group completed aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous intensity), resistance training (two days/week), and a hypocaloric diet (7% weight loss goal). The CHAT control group completed two lifestyle counseling sessions followed by monthly check-ins. The primary outcome was a composite metabolic syndrome z-score (MSSc) derived from fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, minimal waist circumference, and mean arterial pressure. Secondary outcomes included RA disease activity and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Both groups improved MSSc (absolute change -1.67 ± 0.64 in SWET; -1.34 ± 1.30 in CHAT; P < 0.01 for both groups) with no between-group difference. Compared with CHAT, SWET significantly improved body weight, fat mass, Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein, and patient-reported physical health, physical function, mental health, and fatigue (P < 0.04 for all between-group comparisons). Based on canonical correlations for fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and leg strength, component-specific effects were strongest for (1) weight loss improving MSSc, physical health, and mental health; (2) aerobic training improving physical function and fatigue; and (3) resistance training improving Disease Activity Score-28 C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION In older patients with RA and overweight/obesity, 16 weeks of remotely supervised weight loss, aerobic training, and resistance training improve cardiometabolic health, patient-reported outcomes, and disease activity. Less intensive lifestyle counseling similarly improves cardiovascular disease risk profiles, suggesting an important role for integrative interventions in the routine clinical care of this at-risk RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Andonian
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Alyssa M. Sudnick
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Johanna L. Johnson
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Carl F. Pieper
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kelsey B. Belski
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Julie D. Counts
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - William C. Bennett
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Jillian C. Gillespie
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kaileigh M. Moertl
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Dylan Richard
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDurhamNorth Carolina
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2
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Sharma P, Brown S, Sokoya EM. Re-evaluation of dietary interventions in rheumatoid arthritis: can we improve patient conversations around food choices? Rheumatol Int 2024:10.1007/s00296-024-05541-4. [PMID: 38376558 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of over 100 different types of autoimmune conditions. In RA, the cells of the immune system attack the tissue lining the joints, triggering inflammation. A large body of research suggests that the underlying trigger(s) of RA are unique to an individual. For example, increased risk of RA can be driven by smoking tobacco in one individual and mercury exposure in another. Due to the development of next-generation sequencing technology, the critical role of the microbiota in shaping RA risk has been elucidated. Therefore, it is surprising that diet, arguably the most important lever in shaping the gut microbiota, is ineffective in the treatment of RA, even in a sub-set of patients. To attempt to rationalise this apparent paradox, we conducted an umbrella review to address the question as to whether diet can affect outcomes in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Sharma
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shannon Brown
- Flinders University Library, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elke M Sokoya
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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3
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Procaccini C, de Candia P, Russo C, De Rosa G, Lepore MT, Colamatteo A, Matarese G. Caloric restriction for the immunometabolic control of human health. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2787-2800. [PMID: 36848376 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes occurring in our body, including those related to the function of the immune system; indeed, metabolism has been closely associated with the differentiation and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. While excessive energy intake and adiposity have been demonstrated to cause systemic inflammation, several clinical and experimental evidence show that calorie restriction (CR), not leading to malnutrition, is able to delay aging and exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in different pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the ability of different CR-related nutritional strategies to control autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as tested by preclinical studies and human clinical trials, with a specific focus on the immunological aspects of these interventions. In particular, we recapitulate the state of the art on the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to immune cell metabolic rewiring, regulatory T cell expansion, and gut microbiota composition, which possibly underline the beneficial effects of CR. Although studies are still needed to fully evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the nutritional intervention in clinical practice, the experimental observations discussed here suggest a relevant role of CR in lowering the inflammatory state in a plethora of different pathologies, thus representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy De Rosa
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Ruck L, Wiegand S, Kühnen P. Relevance and consequence of chronic inflammation for obesity development. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37957462 PMCID: PMC10643747 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing prevalence of morbid obesity accompanied by comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to a demand for improving therapeutic strategies and pharmacological intervention options. Apart from genetics, inflammation processes have been hypothesized to be of importance for the development of obesity and related aspects like insulin resistance. MAIN TEXT Within this review, we provide an overview of the intricate interplay between chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue and the hypothalamus and the development of obesity. Further understanding of this relationship might improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism and may be of relevance for the establishment of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruck
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Abteilung Interdisziplinär, Sozial-Pädiatrisches Zentrum, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Klinik Für Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Andonian B, Ross LM, Zidek AM, Fos LB, Piner LW, Johnson JL, Belski KB, Counts JD, Pieper CF, Siegler IC, Bales CW, Porter Starr KN, Kraus WE, Huffman KM. Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiovascular Risk: Rationale and Design of the Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training-Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial. ACR Open Rheumatol 2023; 5:252-263. [PMID: 36992545 PMCID: PMC10184018 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. RA CVD results from a combination of traditional risk factors and RA-related systemic inflammation. One hypothetical means of improving overall RA CVD risk is through reduction of excess body weight and increased physical activity. Together, weight loss and physical activity can improve traditional cardiometabolic health through fat mass loss, while also improving skeletal muscle health. Additionally, disease-related CVD risk may improve as both fat mass loss and exercise reduce systemic inflammation. To explore this hypothesis, 26 older persons with RA and overweight/obesity will be randomized to 16 weeks of a usual care control arm or to a remotely Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training (SWET) program. A caloric restriction diet (targeting 7% weight loss) will occur via a dietitian-led intervention, with weekly weigh-ins and group support sessions. Exercise training will consist of both aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous exercise) and resistance training (twice weekly). The SWET remote program will be delivered via a combination of video conference, the study YouTube channel, and study mobile applications. The primary cardiometabolic outcome is the metabolic syndrome Z score, calculated from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. RA-specific CVD risk will be assessed with measures of systemic inflammation, disease activity, patient-reported outcomes, and immune cell function. The SWET-RA trial will be the first to assess whether a remotely supervised, combined lifestyle intervention improves cardiometabolic health in an at-risk population of older individuals with RA and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liezl B. Fos
- Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Lucy W. Piner
- Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Connie W. Bales
- Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kathryn N. Porter Starr
- Duke University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth Carolina
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6
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Kondratyev M, Rudnev VR, Nikolsky KS, Stepanov AA, Petrovsky DV, Kulikova LI, Kopylov AT, Malsagova KA, Kaysheva AL. Atomic Simulation of the Binding of JAK1 and JAK2 with the Selective Inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810466. [PMID: 36142375 PMCID: PMC9504736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis belongs to the group of chronic systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by the development of destructive synovitis and extra-articular manifestations. Cytokines regulate a wide range of inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and contribute to the induction of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Janus-associated kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins mediate cell signaling from cytokine receptors, and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Targeted small-molecule drugs that inhibit the functional activity of JAK proteins are used in clinical practice for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In our study, we modeled the interactions of the small-molecule drug ruxolitinib with JAK1 and JAK2 isoforms and determined the binding selectivity using molecular docking. Molecular modeling data show that ruxolitinib selectively binds the JAK1 and JAK2 isoforms with a binding affinity of −8.3 and −8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The stabilization of ligands in the cavity of kinases occurs primarily through hydrophobic interactions. The amino acid residues of the protein globules of kinases that are responsible for the correct positioning of the drug ruxolitinib and its retention have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kondratyev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vladimir R. Rudnev
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Nikolsky
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Stepanov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V. Petrovsky
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila I. Kulikova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Arthur T. Kopylov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina A. Malsagova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(499)-764-98-78
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Caron JP, Kreher MA, Mickle AM, Wu S, Przkora R, Estores IM, Sibille KT. Intermittent Fasting: Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Pain across the Clinical Spectrum. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122536. [PMID: 35745266 PMCID: PMC9228511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behavior can have a consequential and wide-ranging influence on human health. Intermittent fasting, which involves intermittent restriction in energy intake, has been shown to have beneficial cellular, physiological, and system-wide effects in animal and human studies. Despite the potential utility in preventing, slowing, and reversing disease processes, the clinical application of intermittent fasting remains limited. The health benefits associated with the simple implementation of a 12 to 16 h fast suggest a promising role in the treatment of chronic pain. A literature review was completed to characterize the physiologic benefits of intermittent fasting and to relate the evidence to the mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Research on different fasting regimens is outlined and an overview of research demonstrating the benefits of intermittent fasting across diverse health conditions is provided. Data on the physiologic effects of intermittent fasting are summarized. The physiology of different pain states is reviewed and the possible implications for intermittent fasting in the treatment of chronic pain through non-invasive management, prehabilitation, and rehabilitation following injury and invasive procedures are presented. Evidence indicates the potential utility of intermittent fasting in the comprehensive management of chronic pain and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P. Caron
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Margaret Ann Kreher
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Angela M. Mickle
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Stanley Wu
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Rene Przkora
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Irene M. Estores
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Kimberly T. Sibille
- Pain TRAIL—Translational Research in Assessment & Intervention Lab, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA; (J.P.C.); (M.A.K.); (A.M.M.); (S.W.); (R.P.); (I.M.E.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ait Eldjoudi D, Cordero Barreal A, Gonzalez-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Farrag Y, Farrag M, Lago F, Capuozzo M, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Mera Varela A, Pino J, Gualillo O. Leptin in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Player or Bystander? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052859. [PMID: 35270000 PMCID: PMC8911522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a specialized tissue whose main function is lipid synthesis and triglyceride storage. It is now considered as an active organ secreting a plethora of hormones and cytokines namely adipokines. Discovered in 1994, leptin has emerged as a key molecule with pleiotropic functions. It is primarily recognized for its role in regulating energy homeostasis and food intake. Currently, further evidence suggests its potent role in reproduction, glucose metabolism, hematopoiesis, and interaction with the immune system. It is implicated in both innate and adaptive immunity, and it is reported to contribute, with other adipokines, in the cross-talking networks involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and immune-related diseases of the musculo-skeletal system such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the involvement of leptin in immunity and inflammatory responses in OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Cordero Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Gonzalez-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Mariam Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Maurizio Capuozzo
- National Health Service, Local Health Authority ASL 3 Napoli Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy;
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Antonio Mera Varela
- SERGAS, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Association of Leptin Gene Polymorphisms with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:3789319. [PMID: 33083462 PMCID: PMC7559230 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3789319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, increasing studies have revealed that leptin is involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is aimed at exploring the association of leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to RA in a Chinese population. Methods We recruited 600 RA patients and 600 healthy controls from a Chinese population and analyzed their three leptin SNPs (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) using the improved Multiplex Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR) assays. The associations of these SNPs with clinical manifestations of RA were also analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for plasma leptin determination. Results No significant difference in either allele or genotype frequencies of these three SNPs between RA patients and healthy controls was observed (all P > 0.05). Association between the genotype effects of dominant, recessive models was also not found (all P > 0.05). No significant difference in plasma leptin levels was detected between RA patients and controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion Leptin gene (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) polymorphisms are not associated with RA genetic susceptibility and its clinical features in the Chinese population.
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Song J, Deng T. The Adipocyte and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593058. [PMID: 33329579 PMCID: PMC7728694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. Adipocytes are involved in adaptive immunity to mediate the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune syndromes. The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4+ T cells. In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Adipokines are also involved in B cell generation, development, activation, and antibody production. Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Athanassiou P, Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I. Nutritional Pearls: Diet and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020; 31:319-324. [PMID: 33163864 PMCID: PMC7641018 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have investigated the effect of diet on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a complimentary treatment along with standard drug therapy. Various types of diet have been investigated. Fasting, the Mediterranean diet, the Cretan Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diet, an anti-inflammatory diet and the use of various specific food substances have been in the focus of research interest. The relationship of obesity with disease activity in RA has also been investigated. A period of fasting followed by Mediterranean diet, the Cretan Mediterranean diet and an anti-inflammatory diet have been found to have a beneficial effect on disease activity in RA. Obesity has been found to be associated with increased disease activity in RA. However, weight loss appears to be related to increased mortality in RA. The use of flavonoids, resveratrol and curcumin may have a beneficial effect in RA. It appears that diet may aid in RA management as a complimentary factor to standard drug treatment.
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12
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Venetsanopoulou AI, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Fasting mimicking diets: A literature review of their impact on inflammatory arthritis. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2020; 30:201-206. [PMID: 32467870 PMCID: PMC7241659 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.30.4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is an act of restricting, for a certain length of time, food intake or intake of particular foods, and has been part of religious rituals for centuries. Religions such as Christianity and Islam use this practice as a form of sacrifice, self-discipline, and gratitude. However, in the past decade, fasting has penetrated the mainstream as a diet trend. There are several ways of fasting; existing fast mimicking eating methods promise accelerated weight loss, and many more benefits: lower cholesterol, prevention of type 2 diabetes and a longer lifespan. Even more, it has been proposed that fasting can downregulate the inflammatory process and potentially be used as a treatment regimen for several diseases. Here, we review the effects of fasting on immune and inflammatory pathways. Also, we present current knowledge about the role of fasting in the activity of inflammatory arthritides with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki I Venetsanopoulou
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Pucino V, Certo M, Varricchi G, Marone G, Ursini F, Rossi FW, De Paulis A, Mauro C, Raza K, Buckley CD. Metabolic Checkpoints in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32362840 PMCID: PMC7180190 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the interplay between metabolism, immunity and inflammation. Both tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells play a major role in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via the production of cytokines, adipo-cytokines and metabolic intermediates. These functions are metabolically demanding and require the most efficient use of bioenergetic pathways. The synovial membrane is the primary site of inflammation in RA and exhibits distinctive histological patterns characterized by different metabolism, prognosis and response to treatment. In the RA synovium, the high energy demand by stromal and infiltrating immune cells, causes the accumulation of metabolites, and adipo-cytokines, which carry out signaling functions, as well as activating transcription factors which act as metabolic sensors. These events drive immune and joint-resident cells to acquire pro-inflammatory effector functions which in turn perpetuate chronic inflammation. Whether metabolic changes are a consequence of the disease or one of the causes of RA pathogenesis is still under investigation. This review covers our current knowledge of cell metabolism in RA. Understanding the intricate interactions between metabolic pathways and the inflammatory and immune responses will provide more awareness of the mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis and will identify novel therapeutic options to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ospedale dei Colli, Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato De Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- MRC and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dominic Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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The Effects of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate on Frequency of T and NK Cells in Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated Using Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2101480. [PMID: 32309426 PMCID: PMC7103029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune dysfunction can occur after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery for cancer. We investigated whether preoperative oral carbohydrate affected the postoperative percentages of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and natural killer (NK) cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with NAC and surgery. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy with PLND at the Gynecologic Oncology Department of Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital (China) between January 2018 and December 2018. Patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment method: NAC (two cycles, surgery 1 month later), NAC+CHO (chemotherapy and surgical methods same as with the NAC group but with 300 mL of oral carbohydrate administered 2 h before surgery), and non-NAC (surgery alone). Percentages of NK, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells were evaluated by flow cytometry the day after the first admission, just before surgery, immediately after tracheal tube removal, and the day after surgery. This trial is registered with NCT03872635 at clinicaltrials.com. Results The final analysis included 77 patients (non-NAC group, n = 26; NAC group, n = 25; and NAC-CHO group, n = 26). Baseline characteristics and preoperative NK, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell percentages were similar between groups. Postoperatively, all groups exhibited reductions in NK, CD3+, and CD4+ cell percentages and increases in CD8+ cell percentages (all P < 0.05). The changes in NK, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell percentages were attenuated in the NAC-CHO group (P < 0.05 vs. both other groups). Conclusion Preoperative oral carbohydrate can improve the postoperative populations of NK and T cells after the treatment of cervical cancer by NAC and surgery.
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Exploring and characterizing a novel combination of paeoniflorin and talatizidine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104658. [PMID: 32001347 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wutou Decoction (WTD) achieves favorable therapeutic response in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially for wind-cold-dampness stimulating RA. However, its material basis and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To address this problem, the main bioactive compounds (BACs) of WTD against RA and the candidate targets were identified in the current study via transcriptional regulatory network analysis, computational structure-based methods, as well as in vivo and in vitro experimental validations. As a result, we successfully established a RA rat model named AIA-S, which simulated the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of wind-cold-dampness stimulating RA, and also displayed the distinctive characteristics and biological basis of inflammatory-immune system imbalance and abnormal energy metabolism changes. In addition, ALOX15B-PPAR-γ-PTGS2-FGF2-IL-1β-c-JUN-MMP13-TGF-β1 signal axis, involved into thermogenesis and energy metabolism, as well as maintaining the balance of inflammation-immune system, was identified as a candidate target of WTD against RA, according to the transcriptional regulatory network analysis on "RA-related gene-WTD-effective gene interaction network". Moreover, Paeoniflorin (PAE) and Talatizidine (TLT) were demonstrated to be the main BACs of WTD against RA for the following reasons: firstly, both PAE and TLT were the BACs of WTD according to ADME analysis in silico and the pharmacokinetics analysis in vivo. Secondly, both PAE and TLT were able to bind with PPAR-γ, c-JUN, MMP13 and TGF-β1, which were the candidate targets of WTD against RA, with the strong binding affinity. Thirdly, the PAE and TLT combination exerted significant therapeutic effects on AIA-S rats through reversing the imbalance of inflammatory-immune system, and the disturbance of thermogenesis and energy metabolism, which were similar to WTD. More importantly, the administration of TLT or PAE alone didn't exert as prominently therapeutic effects as that of the two-BAC-combination did. Fourthly, the PAE and TLT combination promoted adipogenesis and lipogenesis by upregulating the PPAR-γ-induced lipogenic proteins. In conclusion, this study identified PAE and TLT as the main BACs of WTD in alleviating the severity of RA, and also developed a novel combination of PAE and TLT as a promising candidate drug for RA therapy.
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Human Postprandial Nutrient Metabolism and Low-Grade Inflammation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123000. [PMID: 31817857 PMCID: PMC6950246 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the postprandial state has been acknowledged, since hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are linked with several chronic systemic low-grade inflammation conditions. Humans spend more than 16 h per day in the postprandial state and the postprandial state is acknowledged as a complex interplay between nutrients, hormones and diet-derived metabolites. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the physiology of the postprandial inflammatory response, the role of different nutrients, the pro-inflammatory effects of metabolic endotoxemia and the anti-inflammatory effects of bile acids. Moreover, we discuss nutritional strategies that may be linked to the described pathways to modulate the inflammatory component of the postprandial response.
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Francisco V, Ruiz-Fernández C, Pino J, Mera A, González-Gay MA, Gómez R, Lago F, Mobasheri A, Gualillo O. Adipokines: Linking metabolic syndrome, the immune system, and arthritic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Madden SK, Flanagan KL, Jones G. How lifestyle factors and their associated pathogenetic mechanisms impact psoriasis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1026-1040. [PMID: 31155371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Psoriasis is a skin disorder affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population. While research has revealed a strong genetic component, there are few studies exploring the extent to which lifestyle factors influence psoriasis pathogenesis. The aim of this review was to describe the role of lifestyle factors as both a potential cause and treatment for psoriasis. The review also examines the underlying mechanisms through which these lifestyle factors may operate. METHODS This narrative review aims to incorporate current knowledge relating to both lifestyle and pathogenetic factors that contribute to and alleviate psoriasis presentation. Studies reporting the effect of an inflammatory diet and potential dietary benefits are reported, as well as insights into the effects of stress, smoking and alcohol, insulin resistance and exercise. RESULTS Poor nutrition and low Omega 3 fatty acid intake, likely combined with fat malabsorption caused by gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, are associated with psoriasis. The data strongly suggest that improvements to disease severity can be made through dietary and lifestyle interventions and increased physical activity. Less conclusive, although worthy of mention, is the beneficial effect of bile acid supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions are a promising treatment for psoriasis and its associated co-morbidities. However, gaps and inadequacies exist within the literature, e.g. methodology, absence of a unified scoring system, lack of controlled clinical data and lack of studies without simultaneous usage of biologics or alternative therapies. Future directions should focus on high quality cohort studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonad K Madden
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; School of Health & Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia; Infectious Diseases Service, Launceston General Hospital, Australia; Dept. of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Leptin and adiponectin supplementation modifies mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte composition and functionality in suckling rats. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:486-495. [PMID: 29508690 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At birth, when immune responses are insufficient, there begins the development of the defence capability against pathogens. Leptin and adiponectin, adipokines that are present in breast milk, have been shown to play a role in the regulation of immune responses. We report here, for the first time, the influence of in vivo adipokine supplementation on the intestinal immune system in early life. Suckling Wistar rats were daily supplemented with leptin (0·7 μg/kg per d, n 36) or adiponectin (35 μg/kg per d, n 36) during the suckling period. The lymphocyte composition, proliferation and cytokine secretion from mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (on days 14 and 21), as well as intestinal IgA and IgM concentration (day 21), were evaluated. At day 14, leptin supplementation significantly increased the TCRαβ + cell proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes, in particular owing to an increase in the TCRαβ + CD8+ cell population. Moreover, the leptin or adiponectin supplementation promoted the early development CD8+ cells, with adiponectin being the only adipokine capable of enhancing the lymphoproliferative ability at the end of the suckling period. Although leptin decreased intestinal IgA concentration, it had a trophic effect on the intestine in early life. Supplementation of both adipokines modulated the cytokine profile during (day 14) and at the end (day 21) of the suckling period. These results suggest that leptin and adiponectin during suckling play a role in the development of mucosal immunity in early life.
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Francisco V, Pino J, Campos-Cabaleiro V, Ruiz-Fernández C, Mera A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gómez R, Gualillo O. Obesity, Fat Mass and Immune System: Role for Leptin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:640. [PMID: 29910742 PMCID: PMC5992476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation associated with a dysfunctional fat mass. Adipose tissue is now considered an extremely active endocrine organ that secretes cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging metabolism to the immune system. Leptin is historically one of most relevant adipokines, with important physiological roles in the central control of energy metabolism and in the regulation of metabolism-immune system interplay, being a cornerstone of the emerging field of immunometabolism. Indeed, leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and leptin has been shown to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review discusses the latest data regarding the role of leptin as a mediator of immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effects on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victor Campos-Cabaleiro
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- Servizo Galego de Saude, Division of Rheumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Francisco V, Pino J, Gonzalez‐Gay MA, Mera A, Lago F, Gómez R, Mobasheri A, Gualillo O. Adipokines and inflammation: is it a question of weight? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1569-1579. [PMID: 29486050 PMCID: PMC5913397 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the Western society and is increasing in the developing world. It is considered as one of the major contributors to the global burden of disability and chronic diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Research conducted on obesity and its complications over the last two decades has transformed the outdated concept of white adipose tissue (WAT) merely serving as an energy depot. WAT is now recognized as an active and inflammatory organ capable of producing a wide variety of factors known as adipokines. These molecules participate through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine or juxtacrine crosstalk mechanisms in a great variety of physiological or pathophysiological processes, regulating food intake, insulin sensitivity, immunity and inflammation. Although initially restricted to metabolic activities (regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism), adipokines currently represent a new family of proteins that can be considered key players in the complex network of soluble mediators involved in the pathophysiology of immune/inflammatory diseases. However, the complexity of the adipokine network in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory diseases has posed, since the beginning, the important question of whether it may be possible to target the mechanism(s) by which adipokines contribute to disease selectively without suppressing their physiological functions. Here, we explore in depth the most recent findings concerning the involvement of adipokines in inflammation and immune responses, in particular in rheumatic, inflammatory and degenerative diseases. We also highlight several possible strategies for therapeutic development and propose that adipokines and their signalling pathways may represent innovative therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez‐Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory DiseasesUniversidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de ValdecillaAv. ValdecillaSantander39008Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Division of RheumatologySantiago University Clinical HospitalTravesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building CTravesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group. SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9Santiago University Clinical HospitalSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7ALUK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineSantariskiu 5Vilnius0866Republic of Lithuania
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
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Gasmi M, Sellami M, Denham J, Padulo J, Kuvacic G, Selmi W, Khalifa R. Time-restricted feeding influences immune responses without compromising muscle performance in older men. Nutrition 2018; 51-52:29-37. [PMID: 29571007 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of 12 wk of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on complete blood cell counts, natural killer cells, and muscle performance in 20- and 50-year-old men. METHODS Forty active and healthy participants were randomly divided into young experimental, young control, aged experimental, and aged control group. Experimental groups participated in TRF. Before (P1) and after (P2) TRF, participants performed a maximal exercise test to quantify muscle power. Resting venous blood samples were collected for blood count calculation. RESULTS No changes were identified in muscle power in all groups after TRF (P > 0.05). At P1, red cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, this age effect was not found in red cells between the young experimental group and the aged experimental group (P > 0.05). At P1, white blood cells and neutrophils were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, only neutrophils decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in experimental groups without significant (P > 0.05) difference among them. Lymphocytes decreased significantly in the aged experimental group at P2 (P < 0.05), whereas NKCD16+ and NKCD56+ decreased significantly in experimental groups at P2 (P < 0.05). TRF had no effect on CD3, CD4+, and CD8+ levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRF decreases hematocrit, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in young and older men. TRF may be effective in preventing inflammation by decreasing natural killer cells. As such, TRF could be a lifestyle strategy to reduce systemic low-grade inflammation and age-related chronic diseases linked to immunosenescence, without compromising physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Gasmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Sellami
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia; University e-campus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Goran Kuvacic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Walid Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khalifa
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
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Khanna S, Jaiswal KS, Gupta B. Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis with Dietary Interventions. Front Nutr 2017; 4:52. [PMID: 29167795 PMCID: PMC5682732 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-help by means of dietary interventions can help in management of various disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a debilitating autoimmune disease. Dietary interventions necessitate a widespread appeal for both patients as well as clinicians due to factors including affordability, accessibility, and presence of scientific evidences that demonstrate substantial benefits in reducing disease symptoms such as pain, joint stiffness, swelling, tenderness and associated disability with disease progression. However, there is still an uncertainty among the community about the therapeutic benefits of dietary manipulations for RA. In the present review, we provide an account of different diets and their possible molecular mechanism of actions inducing observed therapeutic benefits for remission and management of RA. We further indicate food that can be a potential aggravating factor for the disease or may help in symptomatic relief. We thereafter summarize and thereby discuss various diets and food which help in reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines in RA patients that may play an effective role in management of RA following proper patient awareness. We thus would like to promote diet management as a tool that can both supplement and complement present treatment strategies for a better patient health and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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de Candia P, De Rosa V, Gigantino V, Botti G, Ceriello A, Matarese G. Immunometabolism of human autoimmune diseases: from metabolites to extracellular vesicles. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28649760 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism focuses on the mechanisms regulating the impact of metabolism on lymphocyte activity and autoimmunity outbreak. The adipose tissue is long known to release adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging nutrition and immune function. More recently, adipocytes were discovered to also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a plethora of biological molecules, including metabolites and microRNAs, which can regulate cell function/metabolism in distant tissues, suggesting that immune regulatory function by the adipose tissue may be far more complex than originally thought. Moreover, EVs were also identified as important mediators of immune cell-to-cell communication, adding a further microenvironmental mechanism of plasticity to fine-tune specific lymphocyte responses. This Review will first focus on the known mechanisms by which metabolism impacts immune function, presenting a systemic (nutrition and long-ranged adipokines) and a cellular point of view (metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity). It will then discuss the new discoveries concerning how EVs may act as nanometric vehicles integrating immune/metabolic responses at the level of the extracellular environment and affecting pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Botti
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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25
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Coronel-Restrepo N, Posso-Osorio I, Naranjo-Escobar J, Tobón GJ. Autoimmune diseases and their relation with immunological, neurological and endocrinological axes. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:684-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Pérez-Pérez A, Vilariño-García T, Fernández-Riejos P, Martín-González J, Segura-Egea JJ, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of leptin as a link between metabolism and the immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:71-84. [PMID: 28285098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone not only with an important role in the central control of energy metabolism, but also with many pleiotropic effects in different physiological systems. One of these peripheral functions of leptin is a regulatory role in the interplay between energy metabolism and the immune system, being a cornerstone of the new field of immunometabolism. Leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and the regulatory effects of leptin include cells from both the innate and adaptive immune system. Leptin is one of the adipokines responsible for the inflammatory state found in obesity that predisposes not only to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, but also to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Leptin is an important mediator of the immunosuppressive state in undernutrition status. Placenta is the second source of leptin and it may play a role in the immunomodulation during pregnancy. Finally, recent work has pointed to the participation of leptin and leptin receptor in the pathophysiology of inflammation in oral biology. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor should be considered for investigation as a marker of inflammation and immune activation in the frontier of innate-adaptive system, and as possible targets for intervention in the immunometabolic mediated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Riejos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain.
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3-bromopyruvate ameliorate autoimmune arthritis by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation and suppressing dendritic cell activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42412. [PMID: 28186160 PMCID: PMC5301239 DOI: 10.1038/srep42412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular metabolism plays an important role in regulating immune cell functions. In immune cell differentiation, both interleukin-17-producing T (Th17) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit increased glycolysis through the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase-2 (HK2). Blocking glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose was recently shown to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cell generation. However, 2-DG inhibits all isoforms of HK. Thus, it is unclear which isoform has a critical role in Th17 cell differentiation and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Here we demonstrated that 3-bromopyruvate (BrPA), a specific HK2 inhibitor, significantly decreased the arthritis scores and the histological scores in SKG mice, with a significant increase in Treg cells, decrease in Th17 cells, and decrease in activated DCs in the spleen. In vitro, BrPA facilitated the differentiation of Treg cells, suppressed Th17 cells, and inhibited the activation of DCs. These results suggested that BrPA may be a therapeutic target of murine arthritis. Although the role of IL-17 is not clarified in the treatment of RA, targeting cell metabolism to alter the immune cell functions might lead to a new therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Procaccini C, La Rocca C, Carbone F, De Rosa V, Galgani M, Matarese G. Leptin as immune mediator: Interaction between neuroendocrine and immune system. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:120-129. [PMID: 27288847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune functions. Initially described as an anti-obesity hormone, leptin has subsequently been shown to exert pleiotropic effects, being also able to influence haematopoiesis, thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, and more importantly immune homeostasis. As a cytokine, leptin can affect both innate and adaptive immunity, by inducing a pro-inflammatory response and thus playing a key role in the regulation of the pathogenesis of several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of leptin as immune-modulator in mammals and we also provide an overview on its main functions in non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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29
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Hillyer L, Dao B, Niemiec P, Lee S, Doidge M, Bemben I, Neyestani T, Woodward B. Elevated Bioactivity of the Tolerogenic Cytokines, Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-β, in the Blood of Acutely Malnourished Weanling Mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1439-47. [PMID: 16946413 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of acute deficits of protein and energy on the blood levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), physiologically the main anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic cytokines. In four 14-day experiments, male and female C57BL/6J mice, initially 19 days old, consumed a complete purified diet either ad libitum or in restricted daily quantities, or had free access to an isocaloric purified low-protein diet. A zero-time control group (19 days old) was included. In the first two experiments, serum IL-10 levels were assessed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bioassay. The mean serum IL-10 bioactivities were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in both malnourished groups (low-protein and restricted intake: 15.8 and 12.2 ng/ml, respectively) than in the zero-time and age-matched control groups (6.3 and 7.3 ng/ml, respectively), whereas serum IL-10 immunoactivity was high only in the restricted intake group (e.g., second experiment: 17.0 pg/ml vs. 5.4, 3.7, and 3.1 pg/ml in the zero-time control, age-matched control and low-protein group, respectively). The third and fourth experiments centered on plasma TGF-β immunoactivity (sandwich ELISA) and bioactivity, respectively. The ELISA revealed a high mean plasma TGF-β1 level (P < 0.05) in the low-protein group only, but TGF-β bioactivity (β1 isoform, although 15% β2 in the restricted intake group) was high in both malnourished groups (8.7 and 9.3 ng/ml in the low-protein and restricted groups, respectively) relative to the age-matched control group (0.5 ng/ml). Thus, metabolically distinct weanling systems mimicking marasmus and incipient kwashiorkor both exhibit a blood cytokine profile that points to a tolerogenic microenvironment within immune response compartments. A model emerges in which malnutrition-associated immune competence, at least in advanced weight loss, centers on cytokine-mediated peripheral tolerance that reduces the risk of catabolically induced autoimmune disease, but this is at the cost of attenuated responsiveness to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada N1G 2W1
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30
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Metabolic control of immune tolerance in health and autoimmunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:491-504. [PMID: 27720234 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The filed that links immunity and metabolism is rapidly expanding. The adipose tissue, by secreting a series of immune regulators called adipokines, represents the common mediator linking metabolic processes and immune system functions. The dysregulation of adipokine secretion, occurring in obese individuals or in conditions of malnutrition or dietary restriction, affects the activity of immune cells resulting in inflammatory autoimmune responses or increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Alterations of cell metabolism that characterize several autoimmune diseases strongly support the idea that the immune tolerance is also regulated by metabolic pathways. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control immune cell differentiation and function in conditions of autoimmunity.
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31
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Chalan P, van den Berg A, Kroesen BJ, Brouwer L, Boots A. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Immunosenescence and the Hallmarks of Aging. Curr Aging Sci 2016. [PMID: 26212057 PMCID: PMC5388800 DOI: 10.2174/1874609808666150727110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for the development of infectious diseases, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The very act of living causes damage to cells. A network of molecular, cellular and physiological maintenance and repair systems creates a buffering capacity against these damages. Aging leads to progressive shrinkage of the buffering capacity and increases vulnerability. In order to better understand the complex mammalian aging processes, nine hallmarks of aging and their interrelatedness were recently put forward. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the joints. Although RA may develop at a young age, the incidence of RA increases with age. It has been suggested that RA may develop as a consequence of premature aging (immunosenescence) of the immune system. Alternatively, premature aging may be the consequence of the inflammatory state in RA. In an effort to answer this chicken and egg conundrum, we here outline and discuss the nine hallmarks of aging, their contribution to the pre-aged phenotype and the effects of treatment on the reversibility of immunosenescence in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annemieke Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Mei YJ, Wang P, Chen LJ, Li ZJ. Plasma/Serum Leptin Levels in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:111-7. [PMID: 27016486 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leptin is an adipokine that has several effects on metabolism and immune system in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The present investigations of the relationship between plasma/serum leptin levels and AS are contradictory. To derive a more precise estimation on the plasma/serum leptin levels in AS patients and related factors, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Published literature that compares plasma/serum leptin levels between AS group and control group from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and other databases were searched. The study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by fixed-effects or random-effect model analyses. Statistical heterogeneity within studies was examined by the Q statistic. RESULTS A total of eight studies including 391 AS patients and 293 healthy controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. No significant differences in plasma/serum leptin levels was found between AS patients and healthy controls when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (pooled SMD = 0.384, 95% CI = -1.522 to 0.753). Meanwhile, subgroup analyses by gender also showed no significant differences in plasma/serum leptin levels between case group and controls. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in plasma/serum leptin levels between AS patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Mei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin-Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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Ellabban A, Abdelhakeem M, Hamdy M, Fathy I. Impact of obesity on functional and laboratory parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.177423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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García-Méndez S, Rivera-Bahena CB, Montiel-Hernández JL, Xibillé-Friedmann D, Álvarez-Hernández E, Peláez-Ballestas I, Burgos-Vargas R, Vázquez-Mellado J. A Prospective Follow-Up of Adipocytokines in Cohort Patients With Gout: Association With Metabolic Syndrome But Not With Clinical Inflammatory Findings: Strobe-Compliant Article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e935. [PMID: 26131838 PMCID: PMC4504524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of leptin (Lep) and adiponectin (AdipoQ) in patients with gout and its relationship with joint inflammatory data and/or with metabolic syndrome (MetS) variables, during 1 year follow-up.Forty-one patients (40 males) with gout diagnosis, attending for the first time to a rheumatology department, were included. Evaluations were performed baseline, at 6 and 12 months. Variables included the following: demographic, clinical and laboratory data related to gout and associated diseases. Lep and AdipoQ determinations by the ELISA method were performed in frozen serum from each visit. The pharmacological and no-pharmacological treatment for gout and associated diseases was individualized for each patient according to published guidelines. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher test, x, ANOVA, Cochran Q, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests, as well as linear regression.In the baseline evaluation, 29.2% had MetS (hypertriglyceridemia 66%, hypertension 44% and obesity 37%); patients with MetS had higher C reactive protein (CRP) levels [34.1 ± 28.6 vs. 12.2 ± 11.2 mg/dL, P = 0.033]. Although not significant, also had higher Lep and lower AdipoQ levels (3.2 ± 3.0 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2 ng/mL, P = 0.142 and 40.5 ± 26.8 vs. 38.0 ± 24.9 ng/mL, P = 0.877, respectively). During follow-up, our patients had significant improvement in serum uric acid (sUA) levels and variables evaluating pain and joint swelling (P ≤ 0.05). Metabolic abnormalities tended to persist or even worsen during the monitoring period: significant increase in total cholesterol (P = 0.004), tendency to higher triglycerides (P = 0.883) and slight improvement in glycaemia (P = 0.052). Lep values increased significantly during follow-up (P = 0.001) while AdipoQ levels diminished slightly (P = 0.317). Neither Lep nor AdipoQ values showed important correlation (r > 0.5) with metabolic variables or joint swelling.This study suggests that in patients with gout, concentrations of Lep and AdipoQ are more in line with the metabolic state than with clinical disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio García-Méndez
- From the Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de México, México City (SG-M, EA-H, IP-B, RB-V, JV-M); Dirección de Planeación, Enseñanza e Investigación. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca (SG-M); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (CBR-B, JLM-H); Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de Cuernavaca "Dr. José G. Parres," Cuernavaca, Morelos (DX-F); and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico (IP-B, RB-V, JV-M)
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Toussirot É, Michel F, Binda D, Dumoulin G. The role of leptin in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2015; 140:29-36. [PMID: 26025594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years of research on leptin has provided important insights into its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Leptin is one of the different adipokines produced by the adipose tissue that influences the endocrine system, energy homeostasis and the immune response in several ways. Leptin is known to have predominantly pro-inflammatory effects, especially in the setting of chronic inflammation. Animal models of arthritis have illustrated well the participation of leptin in the inflammatory response within the joints. In patients with RA, numerous studies have evaluated the concentrations of leptin in the bloodstream and/or the joint cavity, showing higher levels compared to control populations. Leptin has also been found to correlate with clinical or biological measurements of disease activity of RA. Conversely, the relationship between serum leptin and joint structural damage is less evident. Leptin may also promote the development of atherosclerosis in RA and may contribute to the cardiovascular consequences of the metabolic syndrome that coexists with RA. Indeed, leptin could be a link between inflammation, metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in RA. Finally, due to abnormal body composition phenotypes with an increased prevalence of obesity in RA, the therapeutic response to traditional DMARDs and/or biological agents may be attenuated. This review discusses the multiple interplays that have been described between leptin and the clinical, radiographic and therapeutic aspects of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Toussirot
- University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy, INSERM CIC-1431, FHU INCREASE, Place St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France; University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Rheumatology, Besançon, France; University of Franche Comté, Department of Therapeutics, Besançon France; University of Franche Comté, UPRES EA 4266 "Pathogens and Inflammation", SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France; LabEX LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, F25020 Besançon cedex, France.
| | - Fabrice Michel
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Neuromuscular Examinations and Diseases, Besançon, France
| | - Delphine Binda
- University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy, INSERM CIC-1431, FHU INCREASE, Place St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France; INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Franche Comté, 25000 Besançon France
| | - Gilles Dumoulin
- University Hospital of Besançon, Endocrine and Metabolic Biochemistry, 25000 Besançon, France; University of Franche Comté, UPRES EA 3920 "Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Prevention", SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France
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Procaccini C, Pucino V, Mantzoros CS, Matarese G. Leptin in autoimmune diseases. Metabolism 2015; 64:92-104. [PMID: 25467840 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The past twenty years of research on leptin has provided crucial information on the link between metabolic state and immune system function. Adipocytes influence not only the endocrine system but also the immune response, through several cytokine-like mediators known as adipokines, which include leptin. Initially described as an antiobesity hormone, leptin has subsequently been shown also to influence hematopoiesis, thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, and more importantly immune homeostasis. As a cytokine, leptin can affect thymic homeostasis and the secretion of acute-phase reactants such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Leptin links nutritional status and proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses and the decrease in leptin plasma concentration during food deprivation leads to impaired immune function. Conversely, elevated circulating leptin levels in obesity appear to contribute to the low-grade inflammatory background which makes obese individuals more susceptible to increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, or degenerative disease including autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances on the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders that may be of particular relevance in the modulation of the autoimmune attack through metabolic-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 72 Evans Street, Boston, MA 02217, USA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS-MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Ivanovic N, Minic R, Dimitrijevic L, Radojevic Skodric S, Zivkovic I, Djordjevic B. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 differently influence metabolic and immunological parameters in high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis. Food Funct 2015; 6:558-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TwoLactobacillusstrains were evaluated for their effects on high fat diet induced pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Ivanovic
- Department of Bromatology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Rajna Minic
- Department of Research and Development
- Institute of Virology
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | | | - Irena Zivkovic
- Department of Research and Development
- Institute of Virology
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Brizita Djordjevic
- Department of Bromatology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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Guo H, Liu X, Li C, Li Y, Sang M, Shan Z, Teng W, Guan H. Sustained high levels of serum leptin rather than IL-6 observed in patients with postpartum thyroiditis during their first postpartum year. Endocrine 2014; 47:512-8. [PMID: 24573491 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore the roles of leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) during the first postpartum year in the occurrence and development of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). We retrospectively collected serum samples from 57 PPT patients consisting of 34 overt PPT (O-PPT) and 23 subclinical PPT (S-PPT) in addition to 37 healthy postpartum women at four postpartum time points, i.e., 3-day and 3, 6, 12-month postpartum. Serum leptin and IL-6 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA assay, respectively. Leptin level and leptin/BMI (LEP/BMI) ratio were higher in PPT patients than in control during the first postpartum year, but were not significantly different between O-PPT and S-PPT. However, a similar trend but did not reach significant difference in IL-6 level was observed during the postpartum period in PPT patients and control women. We conclude that a sustained high level of serum leptin after delivery may be involved in the pathogenesis of PPT. IL-6 does not contribute to the development of PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Institute of Endocrinology, The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Fathy SM, Morshed G. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+ T cells), leptin level and weight loss after laparoscopic greater curvature plication in morbidly obese patients. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:886-90. [PMID: 25395939 PMCID: PMC4223134 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.46209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to detect the effect of laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP) on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes - CD4+ and CD8+ T cells respectively), leptin level and weight loss in morbidly obese patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Morbidly obese patients (n = 20, age range: 25-50 years, body mass index (BMI) range: 37-45 kg/m(2)) who underwent LGCP were enrolled in a prospective study to determine the percentages of their peripheral blood T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) before and 4 months postoperatively using flow cytometry. Also, the level of their leptin before and 4 months postoperatively was established using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data are expressed as the percentage of total lymphocytes ± the standard error of the mean. RESULTS A decrease in the BMI and loss of weight (31.20 ±1.2%) were confirmed 4 months postoperatively since BMI was 44.71 ±4.3 (range: 37-45) kg/m(2) preoperatively, and decreased to 31.80 ±1.1 (range: 24-33) kg/m(2) after surgery. The mean percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes significantly decreased postoperatively (38.2 ±1.5 before and 29.3 ±2.6 after operation for CD4+, 17.3 ±1.8 preoperatively and 9.5 ±1.7 postoperatively for CD8+, p < 0.05). The mean leptin level was 43.01 ±22.01 preoperatively while postoperatively it was 24.8 ±11.1 (p < 0.05), so the leptin level substantially decreased compared to its preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS This study found that weight loss after LGCP in morbidly obese patients led to decreases in levels of leptin and circulating immune cells compared to their preoperative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. Fathy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Morshed
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Cassano S, Pucino V, La Rocca C, Procaccini C, De Rosa V, Marone G, Matarese G. Leptin modulates autophagy in human CD4+CD25- conventional T cells. Metabolism 2014; 63:1272-9. [PMID: 25060689 PMCID: PMC4180014 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this report we show that the adipocytokine leptin directly modulates autophagy in human CD4(+)CD25(-) conventional (Tconv) T cells. RESULTS In vitro treatment with recombinant human leptin determined an inhibition of autophagy during T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, and this phenomenon was dose- and time-dependent. The events were secondary to the activation of the mammalian-target of rapamycin (mTOR)-pathway induced by leptin, as testified by its reversion induced by mTOR inhibition with rapamycin. At molecular level these phenomena associated with Bcl-2 up-regulation and its interaction with Beclin-1, whose complex exerts a negative effect on autophagy. MATERIALS/METHODS The impact of leptin on autophagy of Tconv cells was determined at biochemical level by western blotting and by flow cytometry; the interaction between BCL-2 and Beclin-1 by co-immunoprecipitation assays. CONCLUSIONS Our results, suggest that in unconditioned, freshly-isolated human Tconv cells, autophagy and proliferation are controlled by leptin during TCR-engagement, and that both phenomena occur alternatively indicating a balance between these processes during immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Cassano
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche (CISI), Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS-MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Procaccini C, Pucino V, De Rosa V, Marone G, Matarese G. Neuro-endocrine networks controlling immune system in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:143. [PMID: 24778633 PMCID: PMC3985001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems have long been considered as compartments that perform separate and different functions. However, recent clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data have suggested that the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), might involve factors, hormones, and neural mediators that link the immune and nervous system. These molecules are members of the same superfamily, which allow the mutual and bi-directional neural-immune interaction. More recently, the discovery of leptin, one of the most abundant adipocyte-derived hormones that control food intake and metabolism, has suggested that nutritional/metabolic status, acting at central level, can control immune self-tolerance, since it promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Here, we summarize the most recent advances and the key players linking the central nervous system, immune tolerance, and the metabolic status. Understanding this coordinated interaction may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy ; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma , Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy ; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Salerno , Italy ; IRCCS Multimedica , Milano , Italy
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Procaccini C, Pucino V, De Rosa V, Marone G, Matarese G. Neuro-endocrine networks controlling immune system in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014. [PMID: 24778633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00143/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems have long been considered as compartments that perform separate and different functions. However, recent clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data have suggested that the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), might involve factors, hormones, and neural mediators that link the immune and nervous system. These molecules are members of the same superfamily, which allow the mutual and bi-directional neural-immune interaction. More recently, the discovery of leptin, one of the most abundant adipocyte-derived hormones that control food intake and metabolism, has suggested that nutritional/metabolic status, acting at central level, can control immune self-tolerance, since it promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Here, we summarize the most recent advances and the key players linking the central nervous system, immune tolerance, and the metabolic status. Understanding this coordinated interaction may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Napoli , Italy ; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Roma , Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy ; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Salerno , Italy ; IRCCS Multimedica , Milano , Italy
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Jahromi SR, Sahraian MA, Ashtari F, Ayromlou H, Etemadifar M, Ghaffarpour M, Mohammadianinejad E, Nafissi S, Nickseresht A, Shaygannejad V, Togha M, Torabi HR, Ziaie S. Islamic fasting and multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:56. [PMID: 24655543 PMCID: PMC3994348 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Month-long daytime Ramadan fasting pose s major challenges to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Muslim countries. Physicians should have practical knowledge on the implications of fasting on MS. We present a summary of database searches (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed) and a mini-symposium on Ramadan fasting and MS. In this symposium, we aimed to review the effect of fasting on MS and suggest practical guidelines on management. Discussion In general, fasting is possible for most stable patients. Appropriate amendment of drug regimens, careful monitoring of symptoms, as well as providing patients with available evidence on fasting and MS are important parts of management. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that calorie restriction before disease induction reduces inflammation and subsequent demyelination and attenuates disease severity. Fasting does not appear to have unfavorable effects on disease course in patients with mild disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤3). Most experts believed that during fasting (especially in summer), some MS symptoms (fatigue, fatigue perception, dizziness, spasticity, cognitive problems, weakness, vision, balance, gait) might worsen but return to normal levels during feasting. There was a general consensus that fasting is not safe for patients: on high doses of anti-convulsants, anti-spastics, and corticosteroids; with coagulopathy or active disease; during attacks; with EDSS score ≥7. Summary These data suggest that MS patients should have tailored care. Fasting in MS patients is a challenge that is directly associated with the spiritual belief of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abdalla M, Effat D, Sheta M, Hamed WE. Serum Leptin levels in Rheumatoid arthritis and relationship with disease activity. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Samaras K, Viardot A, Botelho NK, Jenkins A, Lord RV. Immune cell-mediated inflammation and the early improvements in glucose metabolism after gastric banding surgery. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2564-72. [PMID: 24114113 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The contribution of immune cells to the inflammasome that characterises type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity is under intense research scrutiny. We hypothesised that early changes in glucose metabolism following gastric banding surgery may relate to systemic inflammation, particularly cell-mediated immunity. METHODS Obese participants (BMI 43.4 ± 4.9 kg/m(2), n = 15) with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery. Measurements taken before, and at 2 and 12 weeks after surgery included: fasting glucose, glucose levels 2 h after a 75 g oral load, glucose incremental AUC, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index (OGIS), circulating immune cell numbers and activation, and adipokine levels. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were collected at surgery, and macrophage number and activation measured. RESULTS There were significant reductions in fasting and 2 h glucose, as well as improved OGIS at 2 and 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, 80% of the diabetic participants reverted to normal glucose tolerance or IGT, and all IGT participants had normalised glucose tolerance. The 12 week fall in fasting glucose was significantly related to baseline lymphocyte and T lymphocyte numbers, and to granulocyte activation, but also to the magnitude of the 12 week reduction in lymphocyte and T lymphocyte numbers and TNF-α levels. In a model that explained 75% of the variance in the change in fasting glucose, the 12 week change in T lymphocytes was independently associated with the 12 week fall in fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Rapid improvements in glucose metabolism after gastric banding surgery are related to reductions in circulating pro-inflammatory immune cells, specifically T lymphocytes. The contribution of immune cell-mediated inflammation to glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes and its improvement after bariatric surgery require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Samaras
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia,
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Lack association of body mass index with disease activity composites of rheumatoid arthritis in Korean population: cross-sectional observation. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:485-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Nourijelyani K, Mofid V, Hossein zadeh-Attar MJ, Bidad K, Najafi F, Gheflati Z, Chamari M, Salehi E. Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium BB12, and Lactobacillus casei DN001 modulate gene expression of subset specific transcription factors and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese and overweight people. Biofactors 2013; 39:633-43. [PMID: 24019207 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are believed to have interaction with immune cells through sustained effects on gene expression of different cytokines and transcription factors. The present randomized doubled-blind controlled clinical trial was performed recruiting 75 individuals with BMI 25-35, who were randomly assigned to the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 25) who consumed regular yogurt as part of a low calorie diet [RLCD], group 2 (n = 25) who received probiotic yogurt with a LCD [PLCD] and group 3 (n = 25) who consumed probiotic yogurt without LCD [PWLCD] for 8 week. Participants in PLCD and PWLCD groups received 200 g/day yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium Bb12, and lactobacillus casei DN001 10(8) cfu/gr. The expression of the FOXP3, T-bet, GATA3, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and ROR-γt in PBMCs genes were assessed, before and after intervention. In three groups, ROR-γt expression was reduced (P = 0.007) and FOXP3 was increased (P < 0.001). The expression of TNFα, TGFβ, and GATA3 genes did not change among all groups after intervention. Interestingly, the expression of T-bet gene, which was significantly decreased in PLCD and PWLCD groups (P < 0.001), whereas gene expression of IFN-γ decreased in all three groups. Our results suggest that weight loss diet and probiotic yogurt had synergistic effects on T-cell subset specific gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells among overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Soliman AT, Yasin M, Kassem A. Leptin in pediatrics: A hormone from adipocyte that wheels several functions in children. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S577-S587. [PMID: 23565493 PMCID: PMC3602987 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein leptin, a pleiotropic hormone regulates appetite and energy balance of the body and plays important roles in controlling linear growth, pubertal development, cardiovascular function, and immunity. Recent findings in the understanding of the structure, functional roles, and clinical significance of conditions with increased and decreased leptin secretion are summarized. Balance between leptin and other hormones is significantly regulated by nutritional status. This balance influences many organ systems, including the brain, liver, and skeletal muscle, to mediate the essential adaptation process. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible physiological functions of leptin and its signaling pathways during childhood and adolescence including control of food intake, energy regulation, growth and puberty, and immunity. Moreover, its secretion and possible roles in the adaptation process during different disease states (obesity, malnutrition, eating disorders, delayed puberty, congenital heart diseases and hepatic disorders) are discussed. The clinical manifestations and the successful management of patients with genetic leptin deficiency and the application of leptin therapy in other diseases including lipodystrophy, states with severe insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf T. Soliman
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha-Qatar, HMC, Qatar
- College of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yasin
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Chemistry, Hamad Medical Center (HMC), Doha-Qatar, HMC, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Kassem
- College of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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The relationship of serum leptin levels with disease activity in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Enhanced susceptibility to infection has long been recognized in children with congenital deficiency of leptin or its receptor. Studies in mice have demonstrated that leptin deficiency affects both the innate and acquired immune systems. Here, we review recent studies that demonstrate the impact on immunity of a common non-synonomous polymorphism of the leptin receptor. In a Bangladesh cohort of children, the presence of two copies of the ancestral Q223 allele was significantly associated with resistance to amebiasis. Children and mice with at least one copy of the leptin receptor 223R mutation were more susceptible to amebic colitis. Leptin signaling in the intestinal epithelium and downstream STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and SHP2 (Src homology phosphatase 2) signaling were required for protection in the murine model of amebic colitis. Murine models have also implicated leptin in protection from other infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, the role of leptin signaling in infectious disease and specifically leptin-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelium will be the focus of this review.
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