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Varfaj I, Labikova M, Sardella R, Hettegger H, Lindner W, Kohout M, Carotti A. A journey in unraveling the enantiorecognition mechanism of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-amino acids with two Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases: The power of molecular dynamic simulations. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1314:342791. [PMID: 38876520 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in computer hardware and software capabilities have paved the way for advances in molecular modelling techniques and methods, leading to an unprecedented expansion of their potential applications. In contrast to the docking technique, which usually identifies the most stable selector-selectand (SO-SA) complex for each enantiomer, the molecular dynamics (MD) technique enables the consideration of a distribution of the SO-SA complexes based on their energy profile. This approach provides a more truthful representation of the processes occurring within the column. However, benchmark procedures and focused guidelines for computational treatment of enantioselectivity at the molecular level are still missing. RESULTS Twenty-eight molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the enantiorecognition mechanisms of seven N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylated α- and β-amino acids (DNB-AAs), occurring with the two quinine- and quinidine-based (QN-AX and QD-AX) chiral stationary phases (CSPs), under polar-ionic conditions. The MD protocol was optimized in terms of box size, simulation run time, and frame recording frequency. Subsequently, all the trajectories were analyzed by calculating both the type and amount of the interactions engaged by the selectands (SAs) with the two chiral selectors (SOs), as well as the conformational and interaction energy profiles of the formed SA-SO associates. All the MDs were in strict agreement with the experimental enantiomeric elution order and allowed to establish (i) that salt-bridge and H-bond interactions play a pivotal role in the enantiorecognition mechanisms, and (ii) that the π-cation and π-π interactions are the discriminant chemical features between the two SOs in ruling the chiral recognition mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work clearly demonstrate the high contribution given by MD simulations in the comprehension of the enantiorecognition mechanism with Cinchona alkaloid-based CSPs. However, from this research endeavor it clearly emerged that the MD protocol optimization is crucial for the quality of the produced results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Labikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hubert Hettegger
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cellulose High-Tech Materials, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Alharbi HY, Alnoman RB, Aljohani MS, Monier M, Tawfik EH. Design and synthesis of S-citalopram-imprinted polymeric sorbent: Characterization and application in enantioselective separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464925. [PMID: 38776603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The current work describes the efficient creation and employment of a new S-citalopram selective polymeric sorbent, made from poly(divinylbenzene-maleic anhydride-styrene). The process began by using suspension polymerization technique in the synthesis of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-divinylbenzene) microparticles. These were then modified with ethylenediamine, developing an amido-succinic acid-based polymer derivative. The S-citalopram, a cationic molecule, was loaded onto these developed anionic polymer particles. Subsequently, the particles were post-crosslinked using glyoxal, which reacts with the amino group residues of ethylenediamine. S-citalopram was extracted from this matrix using an acidic solution, which also left behind stereo-selective cavities in the S-citalopram imprinted polymer, allowing for the selective re-adsorption of S-citalopram. The attributes of the polymer were examined through methods such as 13C NMR, FTIR, thermogravemetric and elemental analyses. SEM was used to observe the shapes and structures of the particles. The imprinted polymers demonstrated a significant ability to adsorb S-citalopram, achieving a capacity of 878 mmol/g at a preferred pH level of 8. It proved efficient in separating enantiomers of (±)-citalopram via column methods, achieving an enantiomeric purity of 97 % for R-citalopram upon introduction and 92 % for S-citalopram upon release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Y Alharbi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rua B Alnoman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Aljohani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Tawfik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Li M, Zhang L, Wu B, Hong M. High-Enantioselectivity Adsorption Separation of Racemic Mandelic Acid and Methyl Mandelate by Robust Chiral UiO-68-Type Zr-MOFs. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:381-389. [PMID: 38150656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mandelic acid and its analogues are highly valuable medical intermediates and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry, biochemistry, and life sciences. Therefore, effective enantioselective recognition and separation of mandelic acid are of great significance. In this study, two of our recently reported chiral amine-alcohol-functionalized UiO-68-type Zr-HMOFs 1 and 3 with high chemical stability, abundant binding sites, and large chiral pores were selected as chiral selectors for the enantioselective separation of mandelic acid (MA), methyl mandelate (MM), and other chiral molecules containing only one phenyl. Materials 1 and 3 exhibited excellent enantioselective separation performance for MA and MM. Especially for the separation of racemate MA, the enantiomeric excess values reached 97.3 and 98.9%, which are the highest reported values so far. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) computational results demonstrated that the introduction of additional phenyls on the chiral amine alcohol pendants in 3 had somewhat impact on the enantioselective adsorption and separation of MA or MM compared with 1, but it was not significant. Further research on the enantioselective separation of those chiral adsorbates containing only one phenyl by material 1 indicated the crucial role of the groups directly bonded to the chiral carbons of the adsorbates in the selective separation of enantiomers, especially showing higher enantioselectivity for the adsorbates with two hydrogen-bonding groups directly bonded to its chiral carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Benlai Wu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of the Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
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Niu X, Zhao R, Yan S, Pang Z, Li H, Yang X, Wang K. Chiral Materials: Progress, Applications, and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303059. [PMID: 37217989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a universal phenomenon in molecular and biological systems, denoting an asymmetric configurational property where an object cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image by any kind of translation or rotation, which is ubiquitous on the scale from neutrinos to spiral galaxies. Chirality plays a very important role in the life system. Many biological molecules in the life body show chirality, such as the "codebook" of the earth's biological diversity-DNA, nucleic acid, etc. Intriguingly, living organisms hierarchically consist of homochiral building blocks, for example, l-amino acids and d-sugars with unknown reason. When molecules with chirality interact with these chiral factors, only one conformation favors the positive development of life, that is, the chiral host environment can only selectively interact with chiral molecules of one of the conformations. The differences in chiral interactions are often manifested by chiral recognition, mutual matching, and interactions with chiral molecules, which means that the stereoselectivity of chiral molecules can produce changes in pharmacodynamics and pathology. Here, the latest investigations are summarized including the construction and applications of chiral materials based on natural small molecules as chiral source, natural biomacromolecules as chiral sources, and the material synthesized by design as a chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Yan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Zengwei Pang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
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Pan QX, Zhu CY, Dong J, Zhang B, Cui L, Zhang CY. Integration of a copper-based metal-organic framework with an ionic liquid for electrochemically discriminating cysteine enantiomers. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37401671 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of cysteine enantiomers is of great significance in the biopharmaceutical industry and medical diagnostics. Herein, we develop an electrochemical sensor to discriminate cysteine (Cys) enantiomers based on the integration of a copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) with an ionic liquid. Because the combine energy of D-cysteine (D-Cys) with Cu-MOF (-9.905 eV) is lower than that of L-cysteine (L-Cys) with Cu-MOF (-9.694 eV), the decrease in the peak current of the Cu-MOF/GCE induced by D-Cys is slightly higher than that induced by L-Cys in the absence of an ionic liquid. In contrast, the combine energy of L-Cys with an ionic liquid (-1.084 eV) is lower than that of D-Cys with an ionic liquid (-1.052 eV), and the ionic liquid is easier to cross-link with L-Cys than with D-Cys. When an ionic liquid is present, the decrease in the peak current of the Cu-MOF/GCE induced by D-Cys is much higher than that induced by L-Cys. Consequently, this electrochemical sensor can efficiently discriminate D-Cys from L-Cys, and it can sensitively detect D-Cys with a detection limit of 0.38 nM. Moreover, this electrochemical sensor exhibits good selectivity, and it can accurately measure the spiked D-Cys in human serum with a recovery ratio of 100.2-102.6%, with wide applications in biomedical research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Xiu Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Baogang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Lin Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Yu HR, Lei L, Wang YL, Wang X, Liang T, Cheng CJ. A chiral magnetic molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for direct enantioseparation of RS-propranolol. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5249-5258. [PMID: 36777935 PMCID: PMC9910328 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a novel chiral magnetic molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite (MMoS2/PNG-CD) with a high enantioselectivity and excellent thermosensitivity and magnetism. The prepared MMoS2/PNG-CD shows temperature-dependent chiral discrimination and enantioselectivity toward a chiral drug RS-propranolol (RS-PPL), which is based on the molecular recognition ability of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the thermosensitivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The synthesized MMoS2/PNG2-CD by using a monomer molar ratio of GMA to NIPAM of 2 : 1 demonstrates a high selectivity toward R-PPL over S-PPL due to the synergistic effect of the PNIPAM moieties and β-CD hosts. The thermo-induced volume phase transition (VPT) of the introduced PNIPAM moieties significantly affects the inclusion constants of the β-CD/R-PPL complex, and thus the loading and desorption of R-PPL on the MMoS2/PNG2-CD. The enantioselectivity at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNG-β-CD grafting chains is much higher than that at temperatures above the LCST. As a result, the regeneration of the MMoS2/PNG2-CD is easily achieved via simply changing the operating temperature. Moreover, the regenerated MMoS2/PNG2-CD can be readily recovered from the RS-PPL solution under an external magnetic field for reuse. Such a multifunctional molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite with a high enantioselectivity and excellent thermosensitivity and regenerability is promising to serve as a high-performance nanoselector for direct resolution of various β-blocker drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China .,Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Li Lei
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China .,Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Chang-Jing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China .,Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
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8
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Tan D, Wang T, Hu J, Deng D, Li T, Li R. Chiral covalent organic frameworks synthesized via a Suzuki–Miyaura-coupling reaction: enantioselective recognition of d/ l-amino acids. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel chiral COF was constructed via a Suzuki–Miyaura-coupling strategy for the chiral recognition and separation of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tianmiao Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Donglian Deng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
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9
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Precise sieving of chiral molecules by a crosslinked cyclodextrin-cellulose nanofiber composite membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Retention Indices for Naturally-Occurring Chiral and Achiral Compounds on Common Gas Chromatography Chiral Stationary Phases. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dhurjad P, Dhalaram CS, Ali N, Kumari N, Sonti R. Metal-organic frameworks in chiral separation of pharmaceuticals. Chirality 2022; 34:1419-1436. [PMID: 35924487 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective chiral molecules are responsible for specific biological functions in nature. At present, more than half of the prescribed drugs are chiral. Living organisms display divergent pharmacological responses to the enantiomers, leading to altered toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Thus, chiral analysis, separation, and extraction are crucial for ensuring enantiomeric purity to develop safe and effective medication. In recent times, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with appealing structures are gaining importance because of their fascinating properties as a sorbent and stationary phase. MOFs are crystalline porous solid materials built by interconnecting metal ions or clusters and organic linkers. This review explores the advancements in MOFs for the isolation and separation of chiral active pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhurjad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Choudhary Sampat Dhalaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nazish Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Butyrskaya E, Izmailova E, Le D. Understanding structure of alanine enantiomers on carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cantatore C, Korb M, Lang H, Cirilli R. ON/OFF receptor-like enantioseparation of planar chiral 1,2-ferrocenes on an amylose-based chiral stationary phase: The role played by 2-propanol. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1211:339880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Pérez-Baeza M, Martín-Biosca Y, Escuder-Gilabert L, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Artificial neural networks to model the enantioresolution of structurally unrelated neutral and basic compounds with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase and aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthetic Cathinones: Recent Developments, Enantioselectivity Studies and Enantioseparation Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072057. [PMID: 35408456 PMCID: PMC9000803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New psychoactive substances represent a public health threat since they are not controlled by international conventions, are easily accessible online and are sold as a legal alternative to illicit drugs. Among them, synthetic cathinones are widely abused due to their stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. To circumvent the law, new derivatives are clandestinely synthesized and, therefore, synthetic cathinones keep emerging on the drug market, with their chemical and toxicological properties still unknown. In this review, a literature assessment about synthetic cathinones is presented focusing on the recent developments, which include more than 50 derivatives since 2014. A summary of their toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic properties are also presented. Furthermore, synthetic cathinones are chiral compounds, meaning that they can exist as two enantiomeric forms which may present different biological and toxicological activities. To analyze the enantiomers, the development of enantiomeric resolution methods for synthetic cathinones is crucial. Many methods have been reported over the years that include mostly chromatographic and electromigration techniques, with liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases being the technique of choice. This review intended to present an overview of enantioselectivity studies and enantioseparation analysis regarding synthetic cathinones, highlighting the relevance of chirality and current trends.
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Arnaboldi S, Grecchi S, Vaghi L, Penoni A, Scapinello L, Buzzi IF, Cirilli R, Pierini M, Benincori T, Mussini PR. Trópos
and
Átropos
Biindole Chiral Electroactive Monomers: A Voltammetry and HPLC Comparative Insight. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Penoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luca Scapinello
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Ivo Franco Buzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci Istituto Superiore di Sanita' Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Roma Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
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Calderón C, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114430. [PMID: 34757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics strives to capture the entirety of the metabolites in a biological system by comprehensive analysis, often by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. A particular challenge thereby is the differentiation of structural isomers. Common achiral targeted and untargeted assays do not distinguish between enantiomers. This may lead to information loss. An increasing number of publications demonstrate that the enantiomeric ratio of certain metabolites can be meaningful biomarkers of certain diseases emphasizing the importance of introducing enantioselective analytical procedures in metabolomics. In this work, the state-of-the-art in the field of LC-MS based metabolomics is summarized with focus on developments in the recent decade. Methodologies, tagging strategies, workflows and general concepts are outlined. Selected biological applications in which enantioselective metabolomics has documented its usefulness are briefly discussed. In general, targeted enantioselective metabolomics assays are often based on a direct approach using chiral stationary phases (CSP) with polysaccharide derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, chiral crown ethers, chiral ion exchangers, donor-acceptor phases as chiral selectors. Rarely, these targeted assays focus on more than 20 analytes and usually are restricted to a certain metabolite class. In a variety of cases, pre-column derivatization of metabolites has been performed, especially for amino acids, to improve separation and detection sensitivity. Triple quadrupole instruments are the detection methods of first choice in targeted assays. Here, issues like matrix effect, absence of blank matrix impair accuracy of results. In selected applications, multiple heart cutting 2D-LC (RP followed by chiral separation) has been pursued to overcome this problem and alleviate bias due to interferences. Non-targeted assays, on the other hand, are based on indirect approach involving tagging with a chiral derivatizing agent (CDA). Besides classical CDAs numerous innovative reagents and workflows have been proposed and are discussed. Thereby, a critical issue for the accuracy is often neglected, viz. the validation of the enantiomeric impurity in the CDA. The majority of applications focus on amino acids, hydroxy acids, oxidized fatty acids and oxylipins. Some potential clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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He Q, Tao M, Ali W, Min X, Zhao Y. Artificial chiral nanochannels. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1991924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjie Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wajahat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Xuehong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxi Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zheng Y, Wan M, Zhou J, Dai X, Yang H, Xia Z, Wang L. One-pot method for the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin and covalent organic framework functionalized chiral stationary phase with mixed-mode retention mechanism. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462731. [PMID: 34915189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a welcomed porous material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have many advantages and are widely used in various aspects. Particularly, COFs have aroused great attentions of scientists in chromatographic separation field due to their outstanding advantages, such as high stability, large specific surface area and multiple voids. However, endowing COFs with chirality to construct chiral stationary phase (CSP) function is still facing many challenges. Here, we firstly prepared a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and covalent organic framework functional silica CSP named as COF@CD@SiO2 by one-pot method to perform high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chiral separation. The morphology and structure of the synthesized stationary phase were investigated by a variety of characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption experiment, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). The prepared stationary phase realized fast separation of six enantiomers in a short time. The separation mechanism was mainly ascribed to the inclusion complexation of β-cyclodextrin and the mutli-interaction sites from COFs material. In conclusion, the prepared chiral column can be used to achieve fast separation of enantiomers with good stability and reproducibility. These results can open new avenue for using chiral COFs in liquid chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Meijun Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingqiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xuemei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Honglin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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20
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Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and drugs or other bioactive compounds has been widely explored over the past years. Several methods for analysis of this phenomenon have been developed and improved. Nowadays, increasing attention is paid to innovative methods, such as high performance affinity liquid chromatography (HPALC) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), taking into account various advantages. Moreover, the development of separation methods for the analysis and resolution of chiral drugs has been an area of ongoing interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry research. In addition to bioaffinity binding studies, both HPALC and ACE al-low one to perform other type of analyses, namely, displacement studies and enantioseparation of racemic or enantiomeric mixtures. Actually, proteins used as chiral selectors in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have unique enantioselective properties demonstrating suitability for the enantioseparation of a large variety of chiral drugs or other bioactive compounds. This review is mainly focused in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods using human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, as chiral selector for binding affinity analysis and enantioresolution of drugs. For both analytical purposes, updated examples are presented to highlight recent applications and current trends.
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21
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Liu H, Wang J, Sun B. Natural and Artificial Chiral-Based Systems for Separation Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:27-45. [PMID: 34152894 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1932408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or artificial chiral-based materials as adsorbents. To improve the precision and efficiency of chiral separation, focus has shifted from natural and synthetic adsorbents to binary combinations of materials. This review specifically summarizes the significant advancements made in natural and artificial chiral adsorbents as promising candidates for diverse drug and biomolecule separation applications as well as the remaining drawbacks and challenges for research on chiral separations. The mechanisms of chiral-based recognition and separation and history and development of natural and artificial chiral-based systems are the focus of this review. Future directions in natural and artificial chiral-based systems for practical separations and other applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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22
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Fouad A, Marzouk AA, Shaykoon MSA, Ibrahim SM, El-Adl SM, Ghanem A. Daptomycin: A Novel Macrocyclic Antibiotic as a Chiral Selector in an Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary for the Enantioselective Analysis of a Set of Pharmaceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123527. [PMID: 34207780 PMCID: PMC8227699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin, a macrocyclic antibiotic, is here used as a new chiral selector in preparation of chiral stationary phase (CSP) in a recently prepared polymer monolithic capillary. The latter is prepared using the copolymerization of the monomers glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of daptomycin in water. Under reversed phase conditions (RP), the prepared capillaries were tested for the enantioselective nanoliquid chromatographic separation of fifty of the racemic drugs of different pharmacological groups, such as adrenergic blockers, H1-blockers, NSAIDs, antifungal drugs, and others. Baseline separation was attained for many drugs under RP-HPLC. Daptomycin expands the horizon of chiral selectors in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2601, Australia;
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.M.); (M.S.A.S.)
| | - Adel A. Marzouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.M.); (M.S.A.S.)
| | - Montaser Sh. A. Shaykoon
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.M.); (M.S.A.S.)
| | - Samy M. Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.M.I.); (S.M.E.-A.)
| | - Sobhy M. El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.M.I.); (S.M.E.-A.)
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2601, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Wahba MEK, El Sherbiny D, El Wasseef D. Estimating chiral selector potential of micelle-based mobile phases through the analysis of some enantiomeric mixtures. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1927399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. K. Wahba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D. El Sherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D. El Wasseef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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24
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El Deeb S, Silva CF, Junior CSN, Hanafi RS, Borges KB. Chiral Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography: Principle and Applications, Detection and Identification, Design of Experiment, and Exploration of Chiral Recognition Using Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2021; 26:2841. [PMID: 34064769 PMCID: PMC8151978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reviews the literature of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography from January 2016 to March 2021. This is done to explore the state-of-the-art approach and recent developments carried out in this field. The separation principle of the technique is described and supported with simple graphical illustrations, showing migration under normal and reversed polarity modes of the separation voltage. The most relevant applications of the technique for enantioseparation of drugs and other enantiomeric molecules in different fields using chiral selectors in single, dual, or multiple systems are highlighted. Measures to improve the detection sensitivity of chiral capillary electrokinetic chromatography with UV detector are discussed, and the alternative aspects are explored, besides special emphases to hyphenation compatibility to mass spectrometry. Partial filling and counter migration techniques are described. Indirect identification of the separated enantiomers and the determination of enantiomeric migration order are mentioned. The application of Quality by Design principles to facilitate method development, optimization, and validation is presented. The elucidation and explanation of chiral recognition in molecular bases are discussed with special focus on the role of molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Camilla Fonseca Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
| | - Clebio Soares Nascimento Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
| | - Rasha Sayed Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João del-Rei 36301-160, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.F.S.); (C.S.N.J.); (K.B.B.)
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25
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Native and substituted cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations: Structures, features, application, and molecular modeling. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1676-1708. [PMID: 33956995 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of α-d-glucopyranosyl units linked through 1,4-linkages, which are obtained from enzymatic degradation of starch. The coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the same structure makes these macrocycles extremely versatile as complexing host with application in food, cosmetics, environmental, agriculture, textile, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Due to their inherent chirality, CDs have been also successfully used as chiral selectors in enantioseparation science, in particular, for CE enantioseparations. In the last decades, multidisciplinary approaches based on CE, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, microcalorimetry, and molecular modeling have shed light on some aspects of recognition mechanisms underlying enantiodiscrimination. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a useful tool to model at molecular level the dynamics of diastereomeric associate formation to sample low-energy conformations, the binding energies between the enantiomer and the CD, and to profile noncovalent interactions contributing to the stability of CD/enantiomer association. On this basis, the aim of this review is to provide the reader with a critical overview on the applications of CDs in CE. In particular, the contemporary theory of the electrophoretic technique and the main structural features of CDs are described, with a specific focus on techniques, methods, and approaches to model CE enantioseparations promoted by native and substituted CDs. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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26
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Karongo R, Jiao J, Gross H, Lämmerhofer M. Direct enantioselective gradient reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for 3-hydroxy alkanoic acids in lipopeptides on an immobilized 1.6 μm amylose-based chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1875-1883. [PMID: 33666325 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy fatty acids are important chiral building blocks of lipopeptides and metabolic intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The analysis of the stereochemistry of such biomolecules has significant practical impact to elucidate and assign the enzymatic specificity of the biosynthesis machinery. In this work, a new mass spectrometry compatible direct chiral ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation method for 3-hydroxy fatty acids without derivatization is presented. The application of amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) based polysaccharide chiral stationary phase immobilized on 1.6 μm silica particles (CHIRALPAK IA-U) allows the enantioseparation of 3-hydroxy fatty acids under generic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry friendly reversed phase gradient elution conditions. Adequate separation factors were achieved with both acetonitrile and methanol as organic modifiers, covering hydrocarbon chain lengths between C6 and C14 . Elution orders were derived from rhamnolipid (R-95) of which enantiomerically pure or enriched (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acids were recovered after ester hydrolysis. The S-configured acids consistently eluted before the respective R-enantiomers. The method was successfully applied for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of 3-hydroxy fatty acids originating from a novel lipopeptide with unknown structure. The work furthermore demonstrates that gradient elution is a viable option also in enantioselective (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography, even for analytes with modest separation factors, although less commonly exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Junjing Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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27
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Healy B, Yu T, C. da Silva Alves D, Okeke C, Breslin CB. Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1668. [PMID: 33800708 PMCID: PMC8036645 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry, although focused mainly on noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are considerably weaker than covalent interactions, can be employed to fabricate sensors with a remarkable affinity for a target analyte. In this review the development of cyclodextrin-based electrochemical sensors is described and discussed. Following a short introduction to the general properties of cyclodextrins and their ability to form inclusion complexes, the cyclodextrin-based sensors are introduced. This includes the combination of cyclodextrins with reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers, enzymes and aptamers, and electropolymerized cyclodextrin films. The applications of these materials as chiral recognition agents and biosensors and in the electrochemical detection of environmental contaminants, biomolecules and amino acids, drugs and flavonoids are reviewed and compared. Based on the papers reviewed, it is clear that cyclodextrins are promising molecular recognition agents in the creation of electrochemical sensors, chiral sensors, and biosensors. Moreover, they have been combined with a host of materials to enhance the detection of the target analytes. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the development of more robust methods for the integration of cyclodextrins into the sensing unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronach Healy
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (B.H.); (T.Y.); (D.C.d.S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (B.H.); (T.Y.); (D.C.d.S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Daniele C. da Silva Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (B.H.); (T.Y.); (D.C.d.S.A.); (C.O.)
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Okeke
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (B.H.); (T.Y.); (D.C.d.S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Carmel B. Breslin
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (B.H.); (T.Y.); (D.C.d.S.A.); (C.O.)
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28
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Laoufi A, Belboukhari N, Sekkoum K, Aboul-Enein HY. Synthesis and chiral separation of atropisomers of 4,5-Di methyl ∆ 4 N-phenyl N-aryl imidazoline-2-thione derivatives. Chirality 2021; 33:264-273. [PMID: 33769631 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of three chiral 4,5-Di methyl ∆4 N-phenyl N-aryl imidazole-2-thione derivatives was obtained by the condensation reaction of thiourea derivatives with α-hydroxy ketone. The structure of these compounds has been characterized by using spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR). The 4,5-Di methyl ∆4 N-phenyl N-aryl imidazole-2-thiones display a chiral axis around the N-C bond linking between the nitrogen of the heterocyclic framework and the carbon of the aryl group. Screening on chiral analysis of the atropisomers of these derivatives was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography method on seven chiral selectors based on polysaccharides consisting of amylose and cellulose, namely, Chiralpak®AD, Chiralcel® OD, Chiralcel® OD-H, Chiralcel® OJ, Chiralcel® OD-3R, Chiralcel® OZ-3, and Chiralpak® AS-3R. The impact of ortho-substituent in the resolution of 4,5-Di methyl ∆4 N-phenyl N-aryl imidazole-2-thione derivatives was also studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Laoufi
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria.,Faculty of Mathematics and Material Sciences, University of Kasedi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Nasser Belboukhari
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tahri Mohamed University, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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29
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Xu P, Sattasathuchana T, Guidez E, Webb SP, Montgomery K, Yasini H, Pedreira IFM, Gordon MS. Computation of host-guest binding free energies with a new quantum mechanics based mining minima algorithm. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104122. [PMID: 33722015 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method called QM-VM2 is presented that efficiently combines statistical mechanics with quantum mechanical (QM) energy potentials in order to calculate noncovalent binding free energies of host-guest systems. QM-VM2 efficiently couples the use of semi-empirical QM (SEQM) energies and geometry optimizations with an underlying molecular mechanics (MM) based conformational search, to find low SEQM energy minima, and allows for processing of these minima at higher levels of ab initio QM theory. A progressive geometry optimization scheme is introduced as a means to increase conformational sampling efficiency. The newly implemented QM-VM2 is used to compute the binding free energies of the host molecule cucurbit[7]uril and a set of 15 guest molecules. The results are presented along with comparisons to experimentally determined binding affinities. For the full set of 15 host-guest complexes, which have a range of formal charges from +1 to +3, SEQM-VM2 based binding free energies show poor correlation with experiment, whereas for the ten +1 complexes only, a significant correlation (R2 = 0.8) is achieved. SEQM-VM2 generation of conformers followed by single-point ab initio QM calculations at the dispersion corrected restricted Hartree-Fock-D3(BJ) and TPSS-D3(BJ) levels of theory, as post-processing corrections, yields a reasonable correlation with experiment for the full set of host-guest complexes (R2 = 0.6 and R2 = 0.7, respectively) and an excellent correlation for the +1 formal charge set (R2 = 1.0 and R2 = 0.9, respectively), as long as a sufficiently large basis set (triple-zeta quality) is employed. The importance of the inclusion of configurational entropy, even at the MM level, for the achievement of good correlation with experiment was demonstrated by comparing the calculated ΔE values with experiment and finding a considerably poorer correlation with experiment than for the calculated free energy ΔE - TΔS. For the complete set of host-guest systems with the range of formal charges, it was observed that the deviation of the predicted binding free energy from experiment correlates somewhat with the net charge of the systems. This observation leads to a simple empirical interpolation scheme to improve the linear regression of the full set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, USA
| | | | - Emilie Guidez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA
| | - Simon P Webb
- VeraChem LLC, 12850 Middlebrook Rd. Ste 205, Germantown, Maryland 20874-5244, USA
| | | | - Hussna Yasini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA
| | - Iara F M Pedreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50014, USA
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30
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Liu H, Sun B. Chiral Recognition for Chromatography and Membrane-Based Separations: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:1145. [PMID: 33669919 PMCID: PMC7924630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of global industry and increasingly frequent product circulation, the separation and detection of chiral drugs/pesticides are becoming increasingly important. The chiral nature of substances can result in harm to the human body, and the selective endocrine-disrupting effect of drug enantiomers is caused by differential enantiospecific binding to receptors. This review is devoted to the specific recognition and resolution of chiral molecules by chromatography and membrane-based enantioseparation techniques. Chromatographic enantiomer separations with chiral stationary phase (CSP)-based columns and membrane-based enantiomer filtration are detailed. In addition, the unique properties of these chiral resolution methods have been summarized for practical applications in the chemistry, environment, biology, medicine, and food industries. We further discussed the recognition mechanism in analytical enantioseparations and analyzed recent developments and future prospects of chromatographic and membrane-based enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.J.); (B.S.)
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31
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Gadhari NS, Gholave JV, Patil SS, Patil VR, Upadhyay SS. Enantioselective high performance new solid contact ion-selective electrode potentiometric sensor based on sulphated γ-cyclodextrin‑carbon nanofiber composite for determination of multichiral drug moxifloxacin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Jameson CJ, Wang X, Murad S. Molecular dynamics simulations of enantiomeric separations as an interfacial process in
HPLC. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Jameson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Sohail Murad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA
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33
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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34
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Maistrenko VN, Zil’berg RA. Enantioselective Voltammetric Sensors on the Basis of Chiral Materials. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Jáč P, Bubáková Z, Moreno-González D, Kováčová G, Špulák M, Polášek M. Stability study of α-bromophenylacetic acid: Does it represent an appropriate model analyte for chiral separations? Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1557-1563. [PMID: 33180330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stability of α-bromophenylacetic acid (BPAA) in 50% aqueous methanol solution has been tested. CE in different running buffers was used to separate BPAA from the decomposition reaction products α-hydroxyphenylacetic (mandelic) acid and α-methoxyphenylacetic acid. Suitable CE separation of all three compounds and other product, bromide, was achieved in 60 mmol/L formate buffer (pH 3.0) at -30 kV in 50 μm (i.d.) poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated fused silica capillary (30 cm/24.5 cm) with UV detection at 200 nm. The CE method was applied to determine the reaction order of the decomposition of BPAA (0.47 mmol/L) via nucleophilic substitution in 50% aqueous methanol. The first-order reaction kinetics was confirmed by linear and non-linear regression, giving the rate constants 1.52 × 10-4 ± 2.76 × 10-5 s-1 and 7.89 × 10-5 ± 5.02 × 10-6 s-1, respectively. Additionally, the degradation products were identified by CE coupled to mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The CE-MS experiments carried out in 60 mmol/L formate buffer (pH 3.0) and in 60 mmol/L acetate buffer (pH 5.0) confirmed the results obtained by CE-UV. Furthermore, the stability of BPAA in polar solvents was tested by 1H NMR experiments. Our results provide strong evidence of the instability and fast degradation of BPAA in 50% aqueous methanol indicating that BPAA is not suitable as the model analyte for chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jáč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bubáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Moreno-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kováčová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Špulák
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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36
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Fan J, Kotov NA. Chiral Nanoceramics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906738. [PMID: 32500963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever-expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self-organization provides a chirality-based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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37
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Oprea A, Weimar U. Gas sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers. Part 2: Improving the sensors towards practical application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6707-6776. [PMID: 32737549 PMCID: PMC7496080 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework outlined in the first part of the review, the second part addresses attempts to increase receptor material performance through the use of sensor systems and chemometric methods, in conjunction with receptor preparation methods and sensor-specific tasks. Conclusions are then drawn, and development perspectives for gravimetric sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Oprea
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Udo Weimar
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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38
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Yohannes A, Feng X, Yao S. Dispersive solid-phase extraction of racemic drugs using chiral ionic liquid-metal-organic framework composite sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461395. [PMID: 32823100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, enantioseparation of racemic pharmaceuticals in preparations is a prime concern by drug authorities across the globe. In the present work, it was attempted to develop novel enantioselective extraction method for five clinically used drugs (atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol, racecadotril, and raceanisodamine in their tablets) as racemates. The enantioselective solid-liquid extraction of these racemic drugs was carried out successfully by the use of chiral ionic liquid (CIL) in combination with a metal organic framework (MOF) for the first time. The composite CIL@MOF was synthesized from tropine based chiral ionic liquids with L-proline anion ([CnTr][L-Pro], n=3-6) and HKUST-1 type MOF, which was comprehensively characterized before being used as sorbent for enantioselective dispersive solid-liquid extraction. Preliminary selection of appropriate CIL was carried out on thin layer chromatography (TLC); under the joint participation of copper ion in the developing reagent, [C3Tr][L-Pro] ionic liquid showed better resolution performance with ΔRf value of 0.35 between the enantiomers was obtained for racemic atenolol. Moreover, the effect of copper salt dosage, amount of CIL, soli-liquid ratio and extraction time were investigated. The optimal conditions were obtained after thorough investigations; i.e. sample solution: ethanol, elution solvent: methanol, solid-liquid ratio: 12.5 mg:50 mL, amount of copper salt: 8 mg L-1, amount of impregnated CIL: 30% and extraction time of 30 min. As a result, enantiomeric excess values are 90.4%, 95%, 92%, 81.6% and 83.2% for atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol, racecadotril and raceanisodamine, respectively. The developed enantioselective method was validated following ICH guidelines and it was proved to be simple, effective and enantioselective way for separation of racemic pharmaceuticals with similar behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueting Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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39
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40
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Comparative modelling study on enantioresolution of structurally unrelated compounds with amylose-based chiral stationary phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Nie L, Yohannes A, Yao S. Recent advances in the enantioseparation promoted by ionic liquids and their resolution mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461384. [PMID: 32797857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More and more various chemical media are being applied in enantioseparation; among them, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted the long-term attention in this decade as green designable solvents. This paper provides comprehensive overview for the applications of ILs in chiral extraction, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and other techniques for enantioseparation. Additionally, the important resolution mechanisms based on ILs have also been summarized and discussed. This review focuses on the latest development of enantioseparation methods by using ILs in various modes, leading to meaningful and valuable information to related fields and thus promotes further research and application of reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Nie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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42
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Xu Z, Xue T, He T. Investigation on the chiral recognition mechanism between verteporfin and cholate salts by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2905-2913. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Xu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Xue
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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43
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Separation of 4C-Substituted Pyrrolidin-2-One Derivatives on Polysaccharide-Based Coated Chiral Stationary Phases. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Chen T, Tan H, Chen Q, Gu L, Wei Z, Liu H. Toward High-Efficient Chiral Separation Using Hierarchically Porous HROP@Silica-Gel-Sheet Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48402-48411. [PMID: 31794664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Separating racemates is still a great challenge for their similarity in chemical structures and physicochemical properties. Despite exhibiting a significant potential in the adsorption separation due to their intrinsic characteristics, hierarchically porous materials utilized in enantioseparation have rarely been reported to date. Furthermore, the molding of such materials together with their hybrid organic-inorganic monoliths is generally required to meet various prerequisites in diverse large-scale industrial applications, but without sacrificing their inherently hierarchical architectures. In this work, a three-dimensional hierarchically porous organic-inorganic composite was simply and feasibly prepared via integrating the micro/meso-porous hyper-cross-linked resin organic polymer (HROP) with macroporous silica gel sheet (SGS), followed by a chiral selector postmodification, named as HROP@SGS. Racemic 1-phenylethanol, ibuprofen, and naproxen could be separated only using such a piece of HROP@SGS as the filler with a solid phase extraction technique. Herein, HROP@SGS exhibited extraordinary chiral resolution performances and succeeded in achieving a complete chiral resolution. Our findings suggest that this simple strategy proposed by us, that is, combining the chiral micro/mesoporous organic materials with macroporous inorganic substrates, can be employed to prepare an unprecedented enantioseparation material, which has a promising potential in large-scale industrial applications, such as fixed-bed and membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Huiling Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Qibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Liangning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Zishuai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
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45
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Phyo YZ, Teixeira J, Tiritan ME, Cravo S, Palmeira A, Gales L, Silva AMS, Pinto MMM, Kijjoa A, Fernandes C. New chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography based on small molecules: Development, enantioresolution evaluation and chiral recognition mechanisms. Chirality 2019; 32:81-97. [PMID: 31725938 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) based on chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs). Based on the most promising CDX selectors, 12 new CSPs were successfully prepared starting from suitable functionalized small molecules including xanthone and benzophenone derivatives. The chiral selectors comprising one, two, three, or four chiral moieties were covalently bonded to a chromatographic support and further packed into LC stainless-steel columns (150 × 2.1 mm I.D.). The enantioselective performance of the new CSPs was evaluated by LC using different classes of chiral compounds. Specificity for enantioseparation of some CDXs was observed in the evaluation of the new CSPs. Besides, assessment of chiral recognition mechanisms was performed by computational studies using molecular docking approach, which are in accordance with the chromatographic parameters. X-Ray analysis was used to establish a chiral selector 3D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye' Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Teixeira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Sara Cravo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Hemachandran K, Anbusrinivasan P, Ramalingam S, Aarthi R, Nithya C. Structural activity analysis, spectroscopic investigation, biological and chemical properties interpretation on Beta Carboline using quantum computational methods. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02788. [PMID: 31844720 PMCID: PMC6895699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this methodological work, the structural activity analysis have been carried out on β-Carboline to study the anti cancer activity and the way of improving the biological activity. The molecular spectroscopic tools were used to evaluate all the experimental data like spectral results and data were validated by the computational, HyperChem and Osiris tools. The structural, biological and physico-chemical related analyses have been performed to interpret the properties. The GPCR ligand calculated to be 0.11 for generating pharmacokinetic process, Specified drug information for the compound, was congregated from all types of structural activity which was drawn by spectral and HyperChem data. The σ and π interaction band gap (6.18 eV) ensured the drug consistency. The Mulliken charge process distribution was mapped, the charge orientation assignment was checked; the acquired negative charge potential consignment for the cause of antibiotic impact was verified. The molecular orbital interaction study was carried out to identify the origination of degeneracy of interaction causing drug mechanism. Using NMR spectral pattern, the chemical reaction path was recognized and the nodal region dislocation was distinguished on chemical shift. The Electronegativity (χ) and Electrophilicity charge transfer found to be 3.83 and 0.215, confirmed charge complex transfer for activating drug process in the compound. The molecular nonbonding section was thoroughly observed in order to find the occupancy energy, was the key process to initiate drug activity. The bathochromic electronic shift was observed and the existence of CT complex was discussed. The hindering of toxicity was inspected on inevitable chirality of the compound by specifying VCD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hemachandran
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Anbusrinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Aarthi
- Department of Physics, ST. Theresas College of Arts and Science, Tharangambadi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C.K. Nithya
- Department of Physics, ST. Theresas College of Arts and Science, Tharangambadi, Tamilnadu, India
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47
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Scriba GK. Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part I: Polysaccharide and cyclodextrin selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Chiral recognition in separation sciences. Part II: Macrocyclic glycopeptide, donor-acceptor, ion-exchange, ligand-exchange and micellar selectors. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Wang X, House DW, Oroskar PA, Oroskar A, Oroskar A, Jameson CJ, Murad S. Molecular dynamics simulations of the chiral recognition mechanism for a polysaccharide chiral stationary phase in enantiomeric chromatographic separations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1647360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia J. Jameson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sohail Murad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Moussa BA, Youssef NF, Elkady EF, Mohamed MF. Indirect synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and direct high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic methods for enantioseperation of zopiclone and determination of chiral‐switching eszopiclone: Evaluation of thermodynamic quantities of chromatographic separation. Chirality 2019; 31:362-374. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahia A. Moussa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Nadia F. Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry DepartmentNational Organization for Drug Control and Research Giza Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa F. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry DepartmentNational Organization for Drug Control and Research Giza Egypt
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