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Slon A, Mazaki-Tovi M. Alterations in serum concentrations of visfatin and betatrophin in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2025; 91:106914. [PMID: 39813834 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Visfatin and betatrophin are adipokines involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and deranged lipid metabolism, and are also altered in obesity. We hypothesized that visfatin and betatrophin serum concentrations are altered in diabetic dogs, irrespective of their body condition. The study included 23 newly-diagnosed DM (NDDM) dogs, 34 insulin-treated DM (ITDM) dogs and 24 healthy dogs. Body condition score was determined and fasted serum samples were collected for measurement of betatrophin, visfatin and insulin serum concentrations. Visfatin concentrations (mean, 95% CI) were lower in overweight NDDM (4.5 ng/mL, 2.5-8.1, P=0.05) and ITDM (2.8 ng/mL 1.8-4.3, P=0.006) than healthy (7.7 ng/mL, 5.0-11.7) dogs, but were not different among lean dogs, and were negatively correlated to betahydroxybutyric acid in ITDM dogs (r=-0.59, P=0.05). Betatrophin concentrations were lower in NDDM (69 pg/mL, 43-112, P<0.001) and ITDM (53 pg/mL, 34-84, P<0.001) than healthy (267 pg/mL, 167-426) dogs. Among NDDM dogs, betatrophin concentrations were higher in those with concurrent liver disease (203 pg/mL, 49-844) than those with no evidence of liver disease (19 pg/mL, 4-90, P=0.007), and were negatively correlated with glucose concentrations (r=-0.44, P=0.04) and creatinine (r=-0.60, P=0.003). Insulin concentrations were not different among NDDM and healthy dogs. Among NDDM dogs, insulin concentrations were negatively correlated to concentrations of betahydroxybutyric acid (r=-0.65, P=0.002) and were lower in dogs with concurrent kidney disease (5.6 mU/L, 2.1-15.3) compared to those with no evidence of kidney disease (20.6 mU/L, 8.0-53.2, P=0.018). In conclusion, DM in dogs is associated with alteration in visfatin and betatrophin concentrations that are not resolved by insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Slon
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, Israel.
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Rodriguez M, Xu H, Hernandez A, Ingraham J, Canizales J, Arce FT, Camp SM, Briggs S, Ooi A, Burke JM, Song JH, Garcia JGN. NEDD4 E3 ligase-catalyzed NAMPT ubiquitination and autophagy activation are essential for pyroptosis-independent NAMPT secretion in human monocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2025; 23:157. [PMID: 40159488 PMCID: PMC11956250 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-025-02164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
NAMPT is an important intracellular metabolic enzyme (iNAMPT) regulating the NAD+ salvage pathway. However, increased cellular stress (infection, inflammation, hypoxia) promotes the secretion of extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT), a TLR4 ligand and damage-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP) that directly drives amplification of innate immune-mediated inflammatory, fibrotic, and neoplastic responses to influence disease severity. We sought to examine the mechanisms underlying pyroptotic eNAMPT release from human monocytic THP-1 cells, evoked by Nigericin, and non-pyroptotic eNAMPT secretion elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data indicate eNAMPT secretion/release requires NLRP3 inflammasome activation with substantial attenuation by either NLRP3 inhibition (MCC-950) or targeted genetic deletion of key inflammasome components, including NLRP3, caspase-1, or gasdermin D (GSDMD). Pyroptosis-associated eNAMPT release involved cleavage of the pore-forming GSDMD protein resulting in plasma membrane rupture (PMR) whereas non-pyroptotic LPS-induced eNAMPT secretion involved neither GSDMD cleavage nor PMR, verified utilizing non-cleavable GSDMD mutant constructs. LPS-induced eNAMPT secretion, however, was highly dependent upon NAMPT ubiquitination catalyzed by a complex containing the NEDD4 E3 ligase, Hsp90 (a selective chaperone), and intact GSDMD verified by enzymatic inhibition or silencing of NEDD4, GSDMD, or Hsp90. NAMPT ubiquitination and secretion involves autophagy activation as super-resolution microscopy analyses demonstrate NAMPT co-localization with autophagosome marker LC3B and eNAMPT secretion was significantly reduced by targeted ATG5 and ATG7 inhibition, critical components of the autophagy E3-like complex. These studies provide key insights into eNAMPT secretion that may accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies that address unmet therapeutic needs in inflammatory, fibrotic and neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Rodriguez
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Haifei Xu
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Annie Hernandez
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Julia Ingraham
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jason Canizales
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Fernando Teran Arce
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Skyler Briggs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - James M Burke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jin H Song
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Center for Inflammation Science and Systems Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Florida Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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Nowicka B, Torres A, Polkowska I, Jackow-Nowicka J, Przewozny M, Jackow-Malinowska J. Concentrations of Selected Adipocytokines in the Blood Plasma in Proximal Suspensory Desmopathy of Horses, with a Focus on Their Physical Activity-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:205. [PMID: 38203376 PMCID: PMC10778773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic tendon and ligament diseases are commonly encountered in both athletic humans and animals, especially horses. Distal limb diseases, including suspensory ligament (SL) pathology due to anatomical, histological, and biomechanical properties, can be considered a model for tendon and ligament pathologies in humans. The appropriate selection of therapy is often crucial in optimising the healing process. One decisive factor influencing the possibility of returning to pre-disease training levels appears to be the utilisation of physical activity, including controlled movement, during the rehabilitation process. In the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases and rehabilitation, adipocytokines play diverse roles. However, it is unclear what significance they hold in horses and in specific disease entities as well as the consequences of their mutual interactions. Recent studies indicate that in the pathogenesis of diseases with varied aetiologies in humans, their value varies at different stages, resulting in a diverse response to treatment. The results of this study demonstrate lower resistin concentrations in the venous blood plasma of horses with proximal suspensory desmopathy (PSD), while higher levels were observed in regularly trained and paddocked animals. The horses investigated in this study showed higher concentrations of resistin and IL-8, particularly in paddocked horses as well as in the working group of horses. The results suggest that these concentrations, including resistin in blood plasma, may be clinically significant. This attempt to explore the aetiopathogenesis of the processes occurring in the area of the proximal attachment of the suspensory ligament may optimise the procedures for the treatment and rehabilitation of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Nowicka
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Torres
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4, 20-094 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jagoda Jackow-Nowicka
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Bayani M, Heidari M, Almasi-Hashiani A. Periodontal disease and visfatin level: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293368. [PMID: 37934738 PMCID: PMC10629655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is considered an inflammatory biomarker in periodontal disease (PD). In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between Visfatin biomarker level with PD. In this study, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. We included studies that examined visfatin levels in samples from healthy people and periodontal disease until March 2023. The quality of the selected articles was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale. Depending on heterogeneity of studies, random-effects or fixed-effect models were used to pool results and report the standardized mean difference (SMD). After screening the retrieved papers, the related data were extracted. A total of 159 studies were identified, and 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In 9 studies, the SMD of visfatin level of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy individuals was 4.32 (p<0.001). In 6 studies, the SMD of salivary visfatin level in patients with CP and healthy individuals was 2.95 (p = 0.004). In addition, in five studies, the SMD of serum visfatin level in patients with CP and healthy individuals was 7.87 (p<0.001). Therefore, Visfatin levels in serum, saliva, and GCF of patients with CP were increased in comparison to healthy individuals. Comparison of visfatin levels in saliva of gingivitis patients and healthy individuals showed a significant increase of visfatin in gingivitis patients (SMD:0.57, P = 0.018), but no significant difference was observed in the mean GCF visfatin level of gingivitis patients and healthy individuals (SMD:2.60, P = 0.090). In addition, the results suggested that there is no difference between gingivitis cases compared to CP patients (SMD:3.59, P = 0.217). Visfatin levels in GCF, serum, and saliva have the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bayani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Mazaki‐Tovi M, Shachar O, Even Zur T. Alterations in serum concentrations of visfatin and betatrophin in dogs with hypothyroidism. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2064-2072. [PMID: 37864301 PMCID: PMC10658596 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with obesity and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The adipokines, visfatin, and betatrophin, affect glucose tolerance. Betatrophin is involved in lipid regulation. HYPOTHESIS Visfatin and betatrophin serum concentrations are altered in hypothyroid dogs. ANIMALS Dogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism (n = 25) and healthy dogs (n = 25). METHODS Insulin, visfatin, and betatrophin serum concentrations were measured in all dogs and 19 of the hypothyroid dogs after 30 days of thyroxine treatment. Body condition score (BCS) was determined (1-9 scale). RESULTS Visfatin concentrations were lower in hypothyroid compared with healthy dogs (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 2.0 ng/mL, 1.2-3.3 vs 5.1 ng/mL, 3.3-7.8; P = .004) and increased post-treatment (3.1 ng/mL, 1.9-4.9 vs 2.6 ng/mL, 1.6-4.1; P = .05). Betatrophin concentrations were lower in lean to normal (body condition score [BCS], 3-5) hypothyroid dogs compared to lean to normal healthy dogs (52 pg/mL, 9-307 vs 597 pg/mL, 216-1648; P = .03), but were not different between overweight (BCS, 6-9) hypothyroid and healthy dogs (341 pg/L, 168-695 vs 178 pg/mL, 77-415; P = .26), and decreased post-treatment in overweight dogs (206 pg/mL, 87-488 vs 268 pg/mL, 112-640; P = .004). Visfatin concentrations were higher in overweight compared with lean to normal dogs (4.7 ng/mL, 3.3-6.6 vs 2.2 ng/mL, 1.2-4.2; P = .04). Betatrophin concentrations were positively correlated with BCS (r = .47, P = .02) and insulin concentrations (r = .48, P = .03) in hypothyroid dogs and negatively correlated with BCS (r = -.47, P = .02) and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations (r = -.56, P = .01) in healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with alterations in visfatin and betatrophin concentrations that partially resolve with thyroxine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mazaki‐Tovi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Omer Shachar
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Wei Y, Xiang H, Zhang W. Review of various NAMPT inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970553. [PMID: 36160449 PMCID: PMC9490061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway of mammalian cells and is overexpressed in numerous types of cancers. These include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, and b-cell lymphoma. NAMPT is also known to impact the NAD and NADPH pool. Research has demonstrated that NAMPT can be inhibited. NAMPT inhibitors are diverse anticancer medicines with significant anti-tumor efficacy in ex vivo tumor models. A few notable NAMPT specific inhibitors which have been produced include FK866, CHS828, and OT-82. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence of the potential utility of NAMPT inhibitors in cancer models, early clinical trials have yielded only modest results, necessitating the adaptation of additional tactics to boost efficacy. This paper examines a number of cancer treatment methods which target NAMPT, including the usage of individual inhibitors, pharmacological combinations, dual inhibitors, and ADCs, all of which have demonstrated promising experimental or clinical results. We intend to contribute further ideas regarding the usage and development of NAMPT inhibitors in clinical therapy to advance the field of research on this intriguing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wei
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenqiu Zhang,
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Giardullo L, Corrado A, Maruotti N, Cici D, Mansueto N, Cantatore FP. Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211015034. [PMID: 33983056 PMCID: PMC8127732 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the underlying pathogenic mechanisms by which adipokines influence rheumatological diseases and the resulting clinical manifestations. Increasing evidence display that numerous adipokines may significantly influence the development or clinical course of various rheumatological diseases. Despite the normal anti- or pro-inflammatory role of the cytokines, the serum level varies enormously in various rheumatological diseases. The expression of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin or visfatin, respectively in systemic lupus erythematosus and in rheumatoid arthritis, represents a negative prognostic factor; other adipokines such as adiponectin, broadly known for their anti-inflammatory effects, showed a correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. In the near future pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a potential therapeutic target to restrain the severity of rheumatological diseases. Further studies on adipokines may provide important information on the pathogenesis of these diseases, which are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which adipokines induce, worsen, or suppress inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies and their clinical significance will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberato Giardullo
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natalia Mansueto
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
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Polyakova YV, Zavodovsky BV, Sivordova LE, Akhverdyan YR, Zborovskaya IA. Visfatin and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenetic Implications and Clinical Utility. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 16:224-239. [DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190409112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Analysis and generalization of data related to visfatin involvement in the
pathogenesis of inflammation at various stages of rheumatoid arthritis.
Data Synthesis:
Visfatin is an adipocytokine which has also been identified in non-adipose tissues.
It influences directly on the maturation of B cells, which are involved in autoantibody production
and T cell activation. Visfatin can promote inflammation via regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines
including TNF, IL-1β and IL-6. The concentration of circulating visfatin in rheumatoid arthritis
patients is higher compared to healthy individuals. Several studies suggest that visfatin level is
associated with rheumatoid arthritis activity, and its elevation may precede clinical signs of the relapse.
In murine collagen-induced arthritis, visfatin levels were also found to be elevated both in
inflamed synovial cells and in joint vasculature. Visfatin blockers have been shown to confer fast
and long-term attenuation of pathological processes; however, most of their effects are transient.
Other factors responsible for hyperactivation of the immune system can participate in this process
at a later stage. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a combination of these blockers and inhibitors
of other mediators of inflammation can potentially improve treatment outcomes compared to
current therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in the treatment of experimental arthritis in mice as
well as the application of emerging treatment strategies obtained from oncology for rheumatoid arthritis
management could be a source of novel adipokine-mediated anti-rheumatic drugs.
Conclusion:
The ongoing surge of interest in anticytokine therapy makes further study of visfatin
highly relevant as it may serve as a base for innovational RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Polyakova
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Zavodovsky
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa E. Sivordova
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri R. Akhverdyan
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A. Zborovskaya
- Research Institute for Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Volgograd, Russian Federation
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9
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Audrito V, Messana VG, Deaglio S. NAMPT and NAPRT: Two Metabolic Enzymes With Key Roles in Inflammation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:358. [PMID: 32266141 PMCID: PMC7096376 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) are two intracellular enzymes that catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of NAD from nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, respectively. By fine tuning intracellular NAD levels, they are involved in the regulation/reprogramming of cellular metabolism and in the control of the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, PARPs, and NADases. However, during evolution they both acquired novel functions as extracellular endogenous mediators of inflammation. It is well-known that cellular stress and/or damage induce release in the extracellular milieu of endogenous molecules, called alarmins or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which modulate immune functions through binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and activate inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular (e)NAMPT and eNAPRT are novel soluble factors with cytokine/adipokine/DAMP-like actions. Elevated eNAMPT were reported in several metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer, while eNAPRT is emerging as a biomarker of sepsis and septic shock. This review will discuss available data concerning the dual role of this unique family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Franco-Trepat E, Guillán-Fresco M, Alonso-Pérez A, Jorge-Mora A, Francisco V, Gualillo O, Gómez R. Visfatin Connection: Present and Future in Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081178. [PMID: 31394795 PMCID: PMC6723538 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pathologies (MSPs) such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), are a set of disorders that cause severe pain, motion difficulties, and even permanent disability. In developed countries, the current incidence of MSPs reaches about one in four adults and keeps escalating as a consequence of aging and sedentarism. Interestingly, OA and OP have been closely related to similar risk factors, including aging, metabolic alterations, and inflammation. Visfatin, an adipokine with an inflammatory and catabolic profile, has been associated with several OA and OP metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. Furthermore, visfatin has been associated with the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which plays a key role in cartilage and bone inflammatory and catabolic responses. Moreover, visfatin has been related to several OA and OP pathologic features. The aim of this work is to bring together basic and clinical data regarding the common role of visfatin in these pathologies and their major shared risk factors. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of visfatin as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- Research laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Franco-Trepat E, Alonso-Pérez A, Guillán-Fresco M, Jorge-Mora A, Gualillo O, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gómez Bahamonde R. Visfatin as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:607-618. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1617274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB), Institute of Medical Research, SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gómez-Reino
- Rheumatology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez Bahamonde
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Yin D, Wan Q, Ye Q, Deng Y, Lin B, Wu L. Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy induced by Visfatin in H9c2 Embryonic Rat Cardiac Cells via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.503.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Cassar S, Dunn C, Olson A, Buck W, Fossey S, Ramos MF, Sancheti P, Stolarik D, Britton H, Cole T, Bratcher N, Huang X, Peterson R, Longenecker K, LeRoy B. From the Cover: Inhibitors of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Cause Retinal Damage in Larval Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:300-309. [PMID: 29378070 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has been investigated as a target for oncology because it catalyzes a rate-limiting step in cellular energy metabolism to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Small molecule inhibitors of NAMPT have been promising drug candidates but preclinical development has been hindered due to associated retinal toxicity. Here we demonstrate that larval zebrafish can predict retinal toxicity associated with this mechanism revealing an attractive alternative method for identifying such toxicities. Zebrafish permit higher throughput testing while using far lower quantities of test article compared with mammalian systems. NAMPT inhibitor-associated toxicity manifested in zebrafish as a loss of response to visual cues compared with auditory cues. Zebrafish retinal damage associated with NAMPT inhibitor treatment was confirmed through histopathology. Ranking 6 NAMPT inhibitors according to their impact on zebrafish vision revealed a positive correlation with their in vitro potencies on human tumor cells. This correlation indicates translatable pharmacodynamics between zebrafish and human NAMPT and is consistent with on-target activity as the cause of retinal toxicity associated with NAMPT inhibition. Together, these data illustrate the utility of zebrafish for identifying compounds that may cause ocular toxicity in mammals, and, likewise, for accelerating development of compounds with improved safety margins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenton Longenecker
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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Dalamaga M, Christodoulatos GS, Mantzoros CS. The role of extracellular and intracellular Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase in cancer: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives and challenges. Metabolism 2018; 82:72-87. [PMID: 29330025 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (Nampt) or pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor or visfatin represents a pleiotropic molecule acting as an enzyme, a cytokine and a growth factor. Intracellular Nampt plays an important role in cellular bioenergetics and metabolism, particularly NAD biosynthesis. NAD biosynthesis is critical in DNA repair, oncogenic signal transduction, transcription, genomic integrity and apoptosis. Although its insulin-mimetic function remains a controversial issue, extracellular Nampt presents proliferative, anti-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and metastatic properties. Nampt is upregulated in many malignancies, including obesity-associated cancers, and is associated with worse prognosis. Serum Nampt may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer. Pharmacologic agents that neutralize Nampt or medications that decrease Nampt levels or downregulate signaling pathways downstream of Nampt may prove to be useful anti-cancer treatments. In particular, Nampt inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination therapy have displayed anti-cancer activity in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this review is to explore the role of Nampt in cancer pathophysiology as well as to synopsize the mechanisms underlying the association between extracellular and intracellular Nampt, and malignancy. Exploring the interplay of cellular bioenergetics, inflammation and adiposopathy is expected to be of importance in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, Nikis 2, Kifisia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Mellouk N, Ramé C, Barbe A, Grandhaye J, Froment P, Dupont J. Chicken Is a Useful Model to Investigate the Role of Adipokines in Metabolic and Reproductive Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4579734. [PMID: 30018639 PMCID: PMC6029501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4579734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a complex and essential physiological process required by all species to produce a new generation. This process involves strict hormonal regulation, depending on a connection between the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis and peripheral organs. Metabolic homeostasis influences the reproductive functions, and its alteration leads to disturbances in the reproductive functions of humans as well as animals. For a long time, adipose tissue has been recognised as an endocrine organ but its ability to secrete and release hormones called adipokines is now emerging. Adipokines have been found to play a major role in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive processes at both central and peripheral levels. Leptin was initially the first adipokine that has been described to be the most involved in the metabolism/reproduction interrelation in mammals. In avian species, the role of leptin is still under debate. Recently, three novel adipokines have been discovered: adiponectin (ADIPOQ, ACRP30), visfatin (NAMPT, PBEF), and chemerin (RARRES2, TIG2). However, their mode of action between mammalian and nonmammalian species is different due to the different reproductive and metabolic systems. Herein, we will provide an overview of the structure and function related to metabolic and reproductive mechanisms of the latter three adipokines with emphasis on avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Alix Barbe
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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16
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Characterization of the visfatin gene and its expression pattern and effect on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in chickens. Gene 2017; 632:16-24. [PMID: 28851613 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is a newly identified adipocytokine that plays an important role in the determination of fat traits. In this study, we investigated the characterization of visfatin and the relationship between gene expression and chicken development to provide a theoretical basis for studying visfatin functions. The main results are summarized as follows: The 1482-bp full coding sequence of the visfatin gene of silky fowl was obtained and found to encode 493 amino acids. This gene contains 26 phosphorylation sites and a conserved domain of the NAPRTase family but no signal peptide sequence. It exhibits six functional motifs, including an amidation site. In chickens, visfatin is a highly conserved protein. The highest expression of visfatin was found in breast muscle and the lowest in bone marrow. There was no difference in expression between visceral fat and subcutaneous fat. However, the expression of visfatin in the bone marrow, liver, kidneys, and subcutaneous and visceral fat of broiler chickens was significantly higher than that in silky fowl (P<0.05). Visfatin mRNA levels in the bone marrow decreased with development (P<0.05) but increased in the liver and leg muscle. Visfatin gene expression in the liver, heart and bone marrow did not differ in silky fowl according to sex. A visfatin fusion protein caused a significant increase in the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers (PPARγ, aP2, C/EBPα, and FAS) compared with the control group and a decrease compared with the insulin group. Taken together, the results of the present study contribute to a better understanding of the expression and role of the visfatin gene in chickens.
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Ozal E, Sahin I, Bolat I, Pusuroglu H, Avci II, Akgul O, Ornek V, Sürgit O, Yildirim A. Visfatin levels are increased in patients with resistant hypertension and are correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Blood Press Monit 2017; 22:137-142. [PMID: 28240682 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation of serum visfatin levels with resistant hypertension (RHT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who had undergone ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) during the outpatient controls were prospectively recruited. Seventy-one patients with RHT and 94 patients with controlled hypertension (CHT) were included in the study. RHT was defined as 'uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite using three antihypertensive agents including a diuretic or need of four or more drugs to control BP'. The demographic properties, medications used, and laboratory parameters including visfatin levels were recorded. RESULTS In the RHT group, left ventricular mass index was significantly higher compared with the CHT group (108.13±26.86 vs. 89.46±24.09 g/m, P<0.01). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and visfatin levels were significantly higher in the RHT group [4.0 (5.2) vs. 2.3 (3.0) mg/l, P<0.01, and 12.87±4.98 vs. 9.46±4.69 ng/ml, P<0.01, respectively] compared with the CHT group. In the multivariate linear regression model, visfatin level remained as an independent predictor for office systolic BP [B: 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-2.98, P<0.01]; office diastolic BP (B: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.27-1.16, P<0.01); mean 24-h systolic ABPM (B: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.79-2.13, P<0.01); and mean 24-h diastolic ABPM (B: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.42-1.34, P<0.01) and was also correlated independently with left ventricular mass index (B: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.58-3.99, P<0.01). CONCLUSION In this cohort of RHT patients diagnosed with ABPM, we have found an independent correlation between higher visfatin levels and the presence of RHT and left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Ozal
- aDepartment of Cardiology, Bagcilar Research and Education Hospital bDepartment of Cardiology, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital cDepartment of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center dDepartment of Biochemistry, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul eDepartment of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
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18
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Metabolic and molecular insights into an essential role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2705. [PMID: 28333140 PMCID: PMC5386535 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome, aging, cancer, coronary heart diseases, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAMPT in these physiological and pathological processes are not fully understood. Here, we provide experimental evidence that a Nampt gene homozygous knockout (Nampt−/−) resulted in lethality at an early stage of mouse embryonic development and death within 5–10 days in adult mice accompanied by a 25.24±2.22% body weight loss, after the tamoxifen induction of NamptF/F × Cre mice. These results substantiate that Nampt is an essential gene for life. In Nampt−/− mice versusNampt+/+ mice, biochemical assays indicated that liver and intestinal tissue NAD levels were decreased significantly; histological examination showed that mouse intestinal villi were atrophic and disrupted, and visceral fat was depleted; mass spectrometry detected unusual higher serum polyunsaturated fatty acid containing triglycerides. RNA-seq analyses of both mouse and human pediatric liver transcriptomes have convergently revealed that NAMPT is involved in key basic cellular functions such as transcription, translation, cell signaling, and fundamental metabolism. Notably, the expression of all eight enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were decreased significantly in the Nampt−/− mice. These findings prompt us to posit that adult Nampt−/− mouse lethality is a result of a short supply of ATP from compromised intestinal absorption of nutrients from digested food, which leads to the exhaustion of body fat stores.
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Dalamaga M, Christodoulatos GS. Visfatin, Obesity, and Cancer. ADIPOCYTOKINES, ENERGY BALANCE, AND CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41677-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Chen X, Zhao S, Song Y, Shi Y, Leak RK, Cao G. The Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 15:2211-21. [PMID: 26059356 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150610142234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only drug approved for the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is an urgent unmet need for novel stroke treatments. Endogenous defense mechanisms against stroke may hold the key to new therapies for stroke. A large number of studies suggest that nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (NAMPT is an attractive candidate to improve post-stroke recovery. NAMPT is a multifunctional protein and plays important roles in immunity, metabolism, aging, inflammation, and stress responses. NAMPT exists in both the intracellular and extracellular space. As a rate-limiting enzyme, the intracellular form (iNAMPT catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD from nicotinamide. iNAMPT closely regulates energy metabolism, enhancing the proliferation of endothelial cells, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating vascular tone, and stimulating autophagy in disease conditions such as stroke. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT is also known as visfatin (visceral fat-derived adipokine and has pleotropic effects. It is widely believed that the diverse biological functions of eNAMPT are attributed to its NAMPT enzymatic activity. However, the effects of eNAMPT on ischemic injury are still controversial. Some authors have argued that eNAMPT exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury non-enzymatically by triggering the release of TNF-α from glial cells. In addition, NAMPT also participates in several pathophysiological processes such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, it remains unclear under what conditions NAMPT is beneficial or destructive. Recent work using in vitro and in vivo genetic/ pharmacologic manipulations, including our own studies, has greatly improved our understanding of NAMPT. This review focuses on the multifaceted and complex roles of NAMPT under both normal and ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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21
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Cai H, Wang Z, Lan X, Xu Y, Chen H, Lei C. Indels within the bovine visfatin gene affect its mRNA expression in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-91-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Visfatin, an adipokine hormone produced primarily by visceral adipose tissue in mammals, has been identified as having a crucial role in growth and development of skeletal muscle and lipids. In this research, the effects of two indel loci (35 bp indel: AC_000161.1: g. 20540–20541 Ins ACTGGAATTCTAGTTTAAAAATTGCTACTAATGAA located in intron 4; 6 bp indel: AC_000161.1: g. 25873–25878 Del: TAAAAA located in intron 5) of the visfatin gene on mRNA expression levels were studied by means of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat from 95 Qinchuan cattle. Firstly, visfatin expression level in longissimus muscle of fetal cattle was prominently greater than that in calves and adult cattle (P < 0.05). The expression level of visfatin in subcutaneous fat was notably higher than that in longissimus muscle of calves and adult cattle (P < 0.05). Secondly, there were three genotypes (ins/ins, del/del and ins/del) and two genotypes (ins/del and ins/ins) detected in the 35 bp locus and 6 bp locus, respectively. Visfatin showed a minimum expression level in longissimus muscle in the homozygous deletion genotype at the 35 bp indel locus. Especially in calves, expression of visfatin was significantly greater in the heterozygous genotype than that in the homozygous insertion genotpye (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found among visfatin expression level based on genotypes in the 6 bp indel locus (P > 0.05). Compared to heterozygous genotype, the expression level of homozygous insertion genotype was lower in longissimus muscle but greater in subcutaneous fat. These results imply that the expression levels of bovine visfatin vary with age and its indels might be putative variants mediating the expression of the bovine visfatin gene. This study provides useful information for further functional studies of bovine visfatin.
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22
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Wang P, Miao CY. NAMPT as a Therapeutic Target against Stroke. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:891-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sampath D, Zabka TS, Misner DL, O’Brien T, Dragovich PS. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu Y, Chen L, Wei B, Luo K, Yan F. Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on visfatin concentrations in serum and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2015; 86:795-800. [PMID: 25786566 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess visfatin concentrations in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and investigate this relationship in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. METHODS Fifty-four patients with T2DM and CP were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment and control. Serum and GCF visfatin concentrations and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at different time points (at baseline and 3 and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment). RESULTS Serum and GCF visfatin concentrations showed no significant differences between the groups at baseline (t test, P >0.05). A significant decline of visfatin in the treatment group was found in serum and GCF 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment (t test, P <0.01). Baseline and 3-month HbA1c levels were not significantly different, but at 6 months, a statistically significant difference was detected (t test, P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that non-surgical periodontal treatment is helpful for glucose control, an effect that may be associated with reduced visfatin in patients with T2DM and periodontitis. Furthermore, the data suggest that visfatin may be considered an inflammatory marker for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- *School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,†Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Chen
- †Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Wei
- †Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Luo
- *School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- *School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,‡Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Shortt K, Chaudhary S, Grigoryev D, Heruth DP, Venkitachalam L, Zhang LQ, Ye SQ. Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome by exome-seq. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111953. [PMID: 25372662 PMCID: PMC4221189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lung condition characterized by impaired gas exchange with systemic release of inflammatory mediators, causing pulmonary inflammation, vascular leak and hypoxemia. Existing biomarkers have limited effectiveness as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. To identify disease-associating variants in ARDS patients, whole-exome sequencing was performed on 96 ARDS patients, detecting 1,382,399 SNPs. By comparing these exome data to those of the 1000 Genomes Project, we identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) which are potentially associated with ARDS. 50,190SNPs were found in all case subgroups and controls, of which89 SNPs were associated with susceptibility. We validated three SNPs (rs78142040, rs9605146 and rs3848719) in additional ARDS patients to substantiate their associations with susceptibility, severity and outcome of ARDS. rs78142040 (C>T) occurs within a histone mark (intron 6) of the Arylsulfatase D gene. rs9605146 (G>A) causes a deleterious coding change (proline to leucine) in the XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family, member 3 gene. rs3848719 (G>A) is a synonymous SNP in the Zinc-Finger/Leucine-Zipper Co-Transducer NIF1 gene. rs78142040, rs9605146, and rs3848719 are associated significantly with susceptibility to ARDS. rs3848719 is associated with APACHE II score quartile. rs78142040 is associated with 60-day mortality in the overall ARDS patient population. Exome-seq is a powerful tool to identify potential new biomarkers for ARDS. We selectively validated three SNPs which have not been previously associated with ARDS and represent potential new genetic biomarkers for ARDS. Additional validation in larger patient populations and further exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shortt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Grigoryev
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Venkitachalam
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Li Q. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shui Q. Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xiao K, Zou WH, Yang Z, Rehman ZU, Ansari AR, Yuan HR, Zhou Y, Cui L, Peng KM, Song H. The role of visfatin on the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in the spleen of LPS-treated rats. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:605-618. [PMID: 25358398 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to determine if visfatin is involved in inflammation or apoptosis induced by LPS in rat. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: saline group, LPS group, visfatin group and Visfatin + LPS co-stimulated group. Spleen samples from each group of rats were collected for study. The spleen structure was examined by histological imaging. Apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL reaction. Caspase-3 was detected with immunohistochemistry and western blot. The apoptosis-related genes were detected by qPCR and inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. Our main findings were as follows. (1) Macrophages were markedly increased in the visfatin group compared with the saline group. This finding was confirmed when spleen samples were examined with western blot using CD68 antibody. (2) Visfatin promoted the expression of CD68 and caspase-3 in rat spleen, whereas visfatin could inhibit the expression of CD68 and activated caspase-3 in spleen of LPS-induced acute inflammation. (3) Visfatin had a pro-apoptotic effect on normal rat spleen, whereas it exerted an anti-apoptotic effect during LPS-induced lymphocytes apoptosis in rat spleen. Moreover, the effect of visfatin on cell apoptosis was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. (4) Visfatin could modulate both the anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat spleen, such as IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrate that visfatin could participate in the inflammatory process in rat spleen by modulating the macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Also, visfatin plays a dual role in the apoptosis in rat spleen, which is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zou
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huai-Rui Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke-Mei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Shackelford RE, Mayhall K, Maxwell NM, Kandil E, Coppola D. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in malignancy: a review. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:447-56. [PMID: 24386506 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913507576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis. Both intracellular and extracellular Nampt (iNampt and eNampt) levels are increased in several human malignancies and some studies demonstrate increased iNampt in more aggressive/invasive tumors and in tumor metastases. Several different molecular targets have been identified that promote carcinogenesis following iNampt overexpression, including SirT1, CtBP, and PARP-1. Additionally, eNampt is elevated in several human cancers and is often associated with a higher tumor stage and worse prognoses. Here we review the roles of Nampt in malignancy, some of the known mechanisms by which it promotes carcinogenesis, and discuss the possibility of employing Nampt inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Mayhall
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Emad Kandil
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Anatomic Pathology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Karbaschian Z, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Giahi L, Golpaie A, Masoudkabir F, Talebpour M, Kosari F, Karbaschian N, Hoseini M, Mazaherioun M. Portal and systemic levels of visfatin in morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Endocrine 2013; 44:114-8. [PMID: 23104149 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of visfatin in portal and systemic circulations and to assess the possible relationship of visfatin with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A total of 46 morbidly obese patients (BMI = 45.3 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)) undergoing bariatric surgery were included in this study. Blood samplings were performed simultaneously from portal and systemic veins during surgery. Visfatin was measured in both portal and systemic venous samples. Besides, fasting serum levels of insulin, glucose, lipid profile, visfatin, and hs-CRP were determined in systemic venous blood samples. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in portal vein than systemic veins (11.9 ± 12.1 vs. 5.1 ± 3.3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). While systemic levels of visfatin were significantly correlated with circulating levels of hs-CRP (r = 0.527, p < 0.0001), there were no significant correlations between portal levels of visfatin with systemic levels of hs-CRP concentrations. Substantially higher levels of visfatin in portal vein than systemic veins provide evidence that visceral adipose tissue is the major secretory source of visfatin in humans. Our findings underscore that visceral adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that is involved in the complex interrelationship between obesity and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Karbaschian
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, (TUMS, IC), Tehran, Iran
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Sun Z, Lei H, Zhang Z. Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), a cytokine with multiple physiological functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:433-42. [PMID: 23787158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) is regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine. Named for its first discovered function as a pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, it has since been found to have many other functions relating to cell metabolism, inflammation, and immune modulation. It has also been found to have intracellular and extracellular forms, with the two overlapping in function. Most of the intracellular functions of PBEF are due to its role as a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). It has been found in human endothelial cells, where it is able to induce angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR and secretion of MCP-1. In human umbilical endothelial cells, PBEF increases levels of the protease MMP 2/9. PBEF has also been found in a variety of immune cells other than B cells and has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages. Extracellular PBEF has been shown to increase inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-16, and TGF-β1, and the chemokine receptor CCR3. PBEF also increases the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in CD14(+) monocyctes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, enhances the effectiveness of T cells, and is vital to the development of both B and T lymphocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in PBEF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Kover K, Tong PY, Watkins D, Clements M, Stehno-Bittel L, Novikova L, Bittel D, Kibiryeva N, Stuhlsatz J, Yan Y, Ye SQ, Moore WV. Expression and regulation of nampt in human islets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58767. [PMID: 23536823 PMCID: PMC3594147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis of a salvage pathway and exists in 2 known forms, intracellular Nampt (iNampt) and a secreted form, extracellular Nampt (eNampt). eNampt can generate an intermediate product, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which has been reported to support insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Nampt has been reported to be expressed in the pancreas but islet specific expression has not been adequately defined. The aim of this study was to characterize Nampt expression, secretion and regulation by glucose in human islets. Gene and protein expression of Nampt was assessed in human pancreatic tissue and isolated islets by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence/confocal imaging respectively. Variable amounts of Nampt mRNA were detected in pancreatic tissue and isolated islets. Immunofluorescence staining for Nampt was found in the exocrine and endocrine tissue of fetal pancreas. However, in adulthood, Nampt expression was localized predominantly in beta cells. Isolated human islets secreted increasing amounts of eNampt in response to high glucose (20 mM) in a static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay (GSIS). In addition to an increase in eNampt secretion, exposure to 20 mM glucose also increased Nampt mRNA levels but not protein content. The secretion of eNampt was attenuated by the addition of membrane depolarization inhibitors, diazoxide and nifedipine. Islet-secreted eNampt showed enzymatic activity in a reaction with increasing production of NAD+/NADH over time. In summary, we show that Nampt is expressed in both exocrine and endocrine tissue early in life but in adulthood expression is localized to endocrine tissue. Enzymatically active eNampt is secreted by human islets, is regulated by glucose and requires membrane depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kover
- Section of Endocrine/Diabetes, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America.
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Montecucco F, Bauer I, Braunersreuther V, Bruzzone S, Akhmedov A, Lüscher TF, Speer T, Poggi A, Mannino E, Pelli G, Galan K, Bertolotto M, Lenglet S, Garuti A, Montessuit C, Lerch R, Pellieux C, Vuilleumier N, Dallegri F, Mage J, Sebastian C, Mostoslavsky R, Gayet-Ageron A, Patrone F, Mach F, Nencioni A. Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase reduces neutrophil-mediated injury in myocardial infarction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:630-641. [PMID: 22452634 PMCID: PMC3549207 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is a key enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis, and recent evidence indicates its role in inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated the potential effects of pharmacological Nampt inhibition with FK866 in a mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model. In vivo and ex vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion procedures were performed. RESULTS Treatment with FK866 reduced myocardial infarct size, neutrophil infiltration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within infarcted hearts in vivo in a mouse model of ischemia and reperfusion. The benefit of FK866 was not shown in the Langendorff model (ex vivo model of working heart without circulating leukocytes), suggesting a direct involvement of these cells in cardiac injury. Sera from FK866-treated mice showed reduced circulating levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL2 and impaired capacity to prime migration of these cells in vitro. The release of CXCL8 (human homolog of murine chemokine CXCL2) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Jurkat cells was also reduced by FK866, as well as by sirtuin (SIRT) inhibitors and SIRT6 silencing, implying a pivotal role for this NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase in the production of this chemokine. INNOVATION The pharmacological inhibition of Nampt might represent an effective approach to reduce neutrophilic inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage in early phases of reperfusion after a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Nampt inhibition appears as a new strategy to dampen CXCL2-induced neutrophil recruitment and thereby reduce neutrophil-mediated tissue injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Huang Q, Dai WM, Jie YQ, Yu GF, Fan XF, Wu A. High concentrations of visfatin in the peripheral blood of patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage are associated with poor outcome. Peptides 2013; 39:55-8. [PMID: 23174347 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Higher plasma visfatin concentration has been associated with clinical outcomes of traumatic brain injury. No published information exists to date about change in plasma visfatin after intracerebral hemorrhage. This study included one hundred and twenty-eight healthy controls and 128 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The unfavorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 6 months. The patients had higher plasma visfatin measurements than control subjects. Plasma visfatin levels were highly correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and plasma C-reactive protein levels in the patients. A multivariate analysis identified plasma visfatin level as an independent predictor for 6-month mortality and unfavorable outcome. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive value of the plasma visfatin concentration was similar to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. In a combined logistic-regression model, visfatin improved the predictive value of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score for 6-month unfavorable outcome. Thus, increased plasma visfatin level is associated with 6-month clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Kecheng District, Quzhou 324100, China
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Li J, Meng F, Song C, Wang Y, Leung FC. Characterization of chicken visfatin gene: cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and promoter analysis. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2885-94. [PMID: 23091147 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the cloning and characterization of chicken visfatin (also called pre-B cell enhancing factor; PBEF, or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; Nampt) gene. Sequence analyses revealed that the coding region of visfatin is 1,482 bp in length and encodes a protein of 493 amino acids, which shares high amino acid sequence identity not only to visfatin of human (94%), rat (94%), carp (89%), and zebrafish (89%), but also to Nampt of sponge (58%) and cyanobacterium (48%). The reverse transcription PCR assay and Northern-blot analysis demonstrated that visfatin was widely expressed in all chicken tissues examined. Using a dual luciferase reporter system, we further demonstrated that the cloned 1,372-bp fragment upstream of the putative translation start site (ATG) displayed the maximal promoter activity in cultured CHO, DF-1, and HEK293 cells, whereas the removal of its 5'-region (1,075 bp) or 3'-region (297 bp) could only partially reduce its promoter activity, implying that visfatin gene transcription was likely controlled by multiple promoters near the translation start site. Taken together, results from present study will contribute to our better understanding of the expression and roles of visfatin gene in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Peole's Republic of China
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Increased expression of visfatin in monocytes and macrophages in male acute myocardial infarction patients. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:469852. [PMID: 23304061 PMCID: PMC3530866 DOI: 10.1155/2012/469852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that visfatin expressed in monocytes and neutrophils and increased their reactivity in male acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Furthermore, visfatin was strongly appeared in lipid rich coronary rupture plaques and macrophages. These results suggest another explanation about leukocytes mediated visfatin that may play a pathogenesis role in coronary vulnerable plaques rupture.
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Cirillo P, Di Palma V, Maresca F, Pacifico F, Ziviello F, Bevilacqua M, Trimarco B, Leonardi A, Chiariello M. The adipokine visfatin induces tissue factor expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells: another piece in the adipokines puzzle. Thromb Res 2012; 130:403-408. [PMID: 22726553 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipocytes are nowadays recognized as cells able to produce and secrete a large variety of active substances with direct effects on vascular cells, known as adipokines. Visfatin is a recently identified adipokine not yet completely characterized for its pathophysiological role in cardiovascular disease. Increased levels of visfatin are measurable in the plasma of patients with coronary artery disease and specifically in those with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Several studies have indicated that Tissue Factor (TF) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ACS by triggering the formation of intracoronary thrombi following endothelial injury. This study investigates the effects of visfatin on TF in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS HCAECs were stimulated with visfatin in a concentration range usually measurable in plasma of patients with ACS and than processed to evaluate TF-mRNA levels as well as TF expression/activity. Finally, the role of NF-κB pathway was investigated. RESULTS We demonstrate that visfatin induces transcription of mRNA for TF by Real Time PCR. In addition, we show that this adipokine promotes surface expression of TF that is functionally active since we measured increased procoagulant activity. Visfatin effects on TF appear modulated by the activation of the transcription factor, NF-κB, since NF-κB inhibitors suppressed TF expression. Finally, we show that the nicotinamide phopsphoribosyltransferase enzymatic activity of visfatin seems to play a pivotal role in modulating the NF-κB driven regulation of TF. DISCUSSION Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that visfatin, at doses measurable in ACS patient plasma, induces a procoagulant phenotype in human coronary endothelial cells by promoting TF expression. These observations support the hypothesis that this adipokine might play a relevant role as an active partaker in athero-thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science (Division of Cardiology), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from nicotinamide. This protein was originally cloned as a putative pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor and also found to be a visceral fat-derived adipokine (visfatin). As a multifunctional protein, visfatin plays an important role in immunity, metabolism, aging, inflammation, and responses to stress. Visfatin also participates in several pathophysiological processes contributing to cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke. However, whether visfatin is a friend or a foe in these diseases remains uncertain. This brief review focuses on the current understanding of the complex role of visfatin in the cardio-cerebro-vascular system under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Fouda N, Abaza N, El-Hilaly R, El Said HW, EL-kabarity RH. Evaluation of visfatin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Correlation with disease activity and lupus nephritis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Pradeep AR, Raghavendra NM, Sharma A, Patel SP, Raju A, Kathariya R, Rao NS, Naik SB. Association of serum and crevicular visfatin levels in periodontal health and disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2011; 83:629-34. [PMID: 21966944 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of visfatin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were explored in patients with periodontal health, periodontal disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM) and were found to be elevated with periodontal disease, and were correlated with periodontal clinical parameters. DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically visfatin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in serum and GCF in t2 DM among individuals with CP and to find an association, if any. METHODS Thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: group 1 (10 healthy), group 2 (10 well-controlled t2 DM among individuals with CP), and group 3 (10 individuals with CP and without diabetes). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean visfatin concentration increased in both serum and GCF in individuals with t2 DM with CP. Also, it was observed that visfatin in both serum and GCF correlated positively with all the periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS All the samples in each group tested positive for visfatin assay. Serum and GCF visfatin concentration in both t2 DM with CP and individuals with CP and without diabetes correlated positively with all the clinical parameters. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm positive correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
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Krzysik-Walker SM, Hadley JA, Pesall JE, McFarland DC, Vasilatos-Younken R, Ramachandran R. Nampt/visfatin/PBEF affects expression of myogenic regulatory factors and is regulated by interleukin-6 in chicken skeletal muscle cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:413-21. [PMID: 21545843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt/visfatin/PBEF) has been identified as a rate-limiting NAD(+) biosynthetic enzyme and an adipokine found in the circulation. Human and chicken skeletal muscles are reported to have the highest level of Nampt expression among various tissues whose functional significance remains undetermined. Expression of Nampt is regulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6), an essential cytokine for postnatal muscle growth in mammals. The objective of the current study was to characterize expression of Nampt in chicken (Gallus gallus) myogenic cells and to determine the effect of Nampt on expression of IL-6, myogenic transcription factors, and glucose uptake. We also sought to determine the effect of IL-6 on Nampt expression in chicken myogenic cells. Nampt mRNA and protein were identified in both myoblasts and myocytes, although expression did not differ between the two cell types. Treatment with recombinant human Nampt was found to decrease myoD and mrf4 expression but to increase myf5 expression in myocytes, while glucose uptake was unaffected. In response to treatment with recombinant Nampt, IL-6 expression in myocytes was increased at 24h but decreased when treated for 48 or 72 h. Forced over-expression of chicken Nampt cDNA significantly decreased myf5 expression in myoblasts. Treatment of myogenic cells with lower levels (1 ng.mL(-1)) of recombinant IL-6 increased Nampt expression, whereas a higher IL-6 concentration (100 ng.mL(-1)) decreased Nampt mRNA abundance. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Nampt, regulated in part by IL-6, alters the expression of key myogenic transcription factors and thereby may influence postnatal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Krzysik-Walker
- Department of Poultry Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Han R, Li Z, Li M, Li J, Lan X, Sun G, Kang X, Chen H. Novel 9-bp indel in visfatin gene and its associations with chicken growth. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:52-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.537310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Duan Y, Hao D, Li M, Wu Z, Li D, Yang X, Qiu G. Increased synovial fluid visfatin is positively linked to cartilage degradation biomarkers in osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:985-90. [PMID: 21246369 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate visfatin levels in both synovial fluid (SF) and plasma of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its relationship with biomarkers of cartilage degradation in SF. Thirty OA patients, 12 SF control, and 12 plasma control subjects were enrolled in this study. Visfatin levels in both SF and plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Degradation biomarkers of collagen II and aggrecan in SF were also measured. The radiographic grading of OA in the knee was performed by the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) criteria. Compared to controls, OA patients had higher SF visfatin concentration (8.95 ± 2.5 vs. 4.48 ± 2.49 ng/ml, P < 0.001). SF visfatin levels in KL grade 4 were significantly elevated compared with those of KL grade 3 (10.57 ± 2.49 vs. 7.54 ± 1.5 ng/ml, P = 0.001). SF visfatin positively correlated with degradation biomarker of collagen II, CTX-II (r = 0.497, P = 0.005), and degradation biomarker of aggrecan, AGG1 (r = 0.451, P = 0.012) and AGG2 (r = 0.434, P = 0.017). These findings suggest that SF visfatin might involved in cartilage matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Duan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The initial discovery of leptin, an appetite-suppressing hormone originating from fat tissue, substantially supported the idea that fat-borne factors act on the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Since then, a growing number of cytokines have been found to be released from adipose tissue, thus acting in an endocrine manner. These adipocytokines include not only, e.g., adiponectin, apelin, resistin, and visfatin, but also inflammatory cytokines and steroid hormones such as estrogens and glucocorticoids. They are secreted from their adipose depots and differ in terms of release stimuli, downstream signaling, and their action on the brain. Clearly, adipocytokines play a prominent role in the central control of body weight, and the deregulation of this circuit may lead to the development of obesity and related disorders. In this chapter, we will focus on crosstalk mechanisms and the deregulation of adipocytokines at the expression level and/or sites of central action that eventually will lead to the development and perpetuation of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Schulz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Luebeck University, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
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Zhang LQ, Heruth DP, Ye SQ. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Human Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 3:13-25. [PMID: 22140607 DOI: 10.4172/1948-593x.1000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) was first reported as a pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor in 1994 with little notice, but it has received increasing attention in recent years due to accumulating evidence indicating that NAMPT is a pleiotropic protein such as a growth factor, a cytokine, an enzyme and a visfatin. Now, NAMPT has been accepted as an official name of this protein. Because of NAMPT's multiple functions in a variety of physiological processes, their dysregulations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases or conditions such as acute lung injury, aging, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis. This review will cover the current understanding of NAMPT's structure and functions with an emphasis on recent progress of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase's pathological roles in various human diseases and conditions. Future directions on exploring its Terra incognita will be offered in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Acute Lung Injury: The Injured Lung Endothelium, Therapeutic Strategies for Barrier Protection, and Vascular Biomarkers. TEXTBOOK OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE 2010. [PMCID: PMC7120335 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yang CC, Deng SJ, Hsu CC, Liu BH, Lin EC, Cheng WTK, Wang PH, Ding ST. Visfatin regulates genes related to lipid metabolism in porcine adipocytes. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3233-41. [PMID: 20562354 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is a visceral adipose tissue-specific adipocytokine that plays a positive role in attenuating insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor. Visfatin has been suggested to play a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of visfatin on the regulation of gene expression in cultured porcine preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes. In preadipocytes, the mRNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase and PPARgamma were significantly increased by visfatin or insulin treatment after 8 d (all P < 0.05). In the presence of insulin, the mRNA abundance of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein was 24.7-fold greater than in the untreated group (P < 0.05), whereas visfatin alone had no effect on adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein mRNA abundance. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by insulin treatment for 8 d. In differentiated porcine adipocytes, exposure to insulin or visfatin for 24 h increased (P < 0.05) fatty acid synthase mRNA abundance but had no effect on the expression of sterol regulatory element binding-protein 1c mRNA. We also found a 5.8-fold upregulation of IL-6 expression in porcine adipocytes after 24 h of treatment with visfatin (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that visfatin upregulated lipoprotein lipase expression in preadipocytes, potentially facilitating lipid uptake, and increased the gene expression of fatty acid synthase in differentiated adipocytes to potentially enhance lipogenic activity. Furthermore, visfatin can upregulate IL-6 expression in differentiated porcine adipocytes. The information presented in this study provides insights into the roles of visfatin in lipid metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang SN, Yeh YT, Wang ST, Chuang SC, Wang CL, Yu ML, Lee KT. Visfatin--a proinflammatory adipokine-in gallstone disease. Am J Surg 2010; 199:459-465. [PMID: 19427623 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visfatin is increasingly associated with several obesity-related diseases. The study is to evaluate if aberrant expression of circulating visfatin occurs in gallstone disease. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine serum visfatin levels in 79 patients with cholesterol gallstones, 71 with pigment gallstones, and 223 healthy controls. The chemical composition of extracted gallstones was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Serum visfatin levels were markedly elevated in the cholesterol and pigment gallstones in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, increased visfatin levels were associated with formation of the cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation between serum visfation levels and white cell count was noted in the cholesterol gallstones and controls. Moreover, the positive correlation in the cholesterol gallstones was more significant in the body mass index >/=25 subgroup than in the body mass index <25 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Gallstone disease is associated with altered circulating visfatin. The proinflammatory effect of circulating visfatin in gallstone disease deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Nien Wang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Beiser DG, Wang H, Li J, Wang X, Yordanova V, Das A, Mirzapoiazova T, Garcia JGN, Stern SA, Vanden Hoek TL. Plasma and myocardial visfatin expression changes are associated with therapeutic hypothermia protection during murine hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. Resuscitation 2010; 81:742-8. [PMID: 20347206 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cytokine production during hemorrhagic shock (HS) could affect cardiac function during the hours after resuscitation. Visfatin is a recently described protein that functions both as a proinflammatory plasma cytokine and an intracellular enzyme within the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) salvage pathway. We developed a mouse model of HS to study the effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on hemodynamic outcomes and associated plasma and tissue visfatin content. METHODS Mice were bled and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 35 mmHg. After 30 min, animals (n=52) were randomized to normothermia (NT, 37+/-0.5 degrees C) or TH (33+/-0.5 degrees C) followed by rewarming at 60 min following resuscitation. After 90 min of HS (S90), mice were resuscitated and monitored for 180 min (R180). Visfatin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and myoglobin were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared to NT, TH animals exhibited improved R180 survival (23/26 [88.5%] vs. 13/26 [50%]; p=0.001). Plasma visfatin, IL-6, KC, and TNF-alpha increased by S90 in both groups (p<0.05). TH attenuated S90 plasma visfatin and, after rewarming, decreased R180 plasma IL-6, KC, and myoglobin (p<0.05) relative to NT. Heart and gut KC increased at S90 while IL-6 increases were delayed until R180 (p<0.05). NT produced sustained elevations of myocardial KC but decreased visfatin by R180, effects abrogated by TH (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a mouse model of HS, TH improves hemodynamics and alters plasma and tissue proinflammatory cytokines including the novel cytokine visfatin. TH modulation of cytokines may attenuate cardiac dysfunction following HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Beiser
- Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Ons E, Gertler A, Buyse J, Lebihan-Duval E, Bordas A, Goddeeris B, Dridi S. Visfatin gene expression in chickens is sex and tissue dependent. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:63-74. [PMID: 19786337 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of visfatin mRNA in various tissues of male and female broiler chickens. We also studied the effect of leptin, cerulenin, and food deprivation, known effectors of energy balance and insulin action, on visfatin gene expression in chickens. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis, we detected chicken visfatin mRNA transcript in the kidney, hypothalamus, gizzard, liver, pancreas, proventriculus, breast and leg muscle, ovary, testis, lung, intestine, adipose tissue, and heart. Expression of the visfatin gene in various tissues of male and female chickens was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and found to be tissue and sex dependent. In both sexes, compared to other tissues, the visfatin gene is highly expressed in the muscle. Females exhibited greater (P<0.001) abundance of visfatin mRNA in adipose tissue compared to males, whereas compared to females, males showed greater (P<0.05) visfatin mRNA abundance in the kidney. Also, the regulation of visfatin gene expression by leptin, cerulenin, and food deprivation is tissue specific. Leptin decreased (P<0.05) visfatin mRNA abundance in the liver and hypothalamus, but not in muscle. In contrast, cerulenin increased (P<0.01) visfatin gene expression in the liver and in muscle, but not in the hypothalamus. Interestingly, visfatin mRNA levels increased (P<0.05) in the liver after 24-h food deprivation, but not in muscle or in the hypothalamus of genetically selected fat and lean line chickens. Our results showed that the visfatin gene is ubiquitously expressed in chickens with greater abundance in muscle, and that it is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by energy balance-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ons
- Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Liu SW, Qiao SB, Yuan JS, Liu DQ. Association of plasma visfatin levels with inflammation, atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in humans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 71:202-7. [PMID: 19178507 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visfatin is a new cytokine that act as an insulin analogue on the insulin receptor and may link obesity and insulin resistance. It was recently shown that visfatin plays a role in plaque destabilization. However, the role of visfatin in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. We sought to assess whether plasma visfatin level is independently associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). DESIGN AND PATIENTS Two hundred and fifty-three patients undergoing coronary angiography were divided into three subgroups: chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 102), ACS (n = 100) and control patients (n = 51). The plasma samples were thawed and analysed for circulating visfatin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The association of visfatin with risk factors, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and ACS was determined. RESULTS Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in chronic CAD and ACS compared with control patients. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that plasma visfatin levels correlated with inflammatory factors and were associated with chronic CAD (odds ratio [OR][95% confidence interval], for second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.74 [0.96-2.69], 1.54 [0.85-2.28] and 1.84 [0.98-2.87], respectively) and ACS (ORs for second, third and fourth quartiles were 2.56 [1.57-3.34], 4.61 [1.94-10.96] and 6.52 [2.34-18.12], respectively) following adjustment for established risk factors and other inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma visfatin levels are significantly associated with CAD, particularly ACS, independent of well-known CAD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Workenhe ST, Hori TS, Rise ML, Kibenge MJT, Kibenge FSB. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolates induce distinct gene expression responses in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage/dendritic-like cell line TO, assessed using genomic techniques. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2955-74. [PMID: 19616850 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a marine orthomyxovirus of significant interest not only as a cause of a fatal disease of farmed Atlantic salmon resulting in severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry, but also as the only poikilothermic orthomyxovirus. ISAV targets vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, and is known to influence the expression of both innate and adaptive immune response relevant genes. ISAV isolates from different geographic regions have been shown to vary considerably in their pathogenicity for Atlantic salmon. This study aimed to characterize the Atlantic salmon TO macrophage/dendritic-like cell responses to infection with a selection of ISAV isolates of different genotypes and pathogenicity phenotypes. The first TO infection trial used ISAV isolates NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1 of high and low pathogenicity, respectively, and global gene expression analyses were carried out using approximately 16,000 gene (16K) salmonid cDNA microarrays to compare RNA samples extracted from TO cells harvested 24 and 72h post-infection versus time-matched uninfected controls. Overall, the microarray experiment showed that RPC/NB-04-085-1-infected cells had a higher total number of reproducibly dysregulated genes (88 genes: the sum of genes greater than 2-fold up- or down-regulated in all four replicate microarrays of a given comparison) than the NBISA01-infected cells (10 genes) for the combined sampling points (i.e. 24 and 72h). This microarray experiment identified several salmon genes that were differentially regulated by NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1, and which may be useful as molecular biomarkers of ISAV infection. An initial quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) study involving 25 microarray-identified genes confirmed the differences in the level of dysregulation of host transcripts between the two ISAV isolates (i.e. NBISA01 and RPC/NB-04-085-1). A second TO infection trial was run using a selection of four clinical ISAV isolates (Norway-810/9/99, a high pathogenicity isolate of European genotype; RPC/NB-04-085-1, a low pathogenicity isolate of European genotype; NBISA01, a high pathogenicity isolate of North American genotype; and RPC/NB-01-0593-1, an intermediate pathogenicity isolate of North American genotype), and UV-inactivated RPC/NB-04-085-1, with sampling at 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120h post-infection. The microarray-identified, QRT-PCR validated suite of 24 molecular biomarkers of response to ISAV were used in a second QRT-PCR experiment to assess the TO cell gene expression responses to the four ISAV isolates at all six time points in the infection. The QRT-PCR data showed that RPC/NB-04-085-1 caused the highest fold changes of most immune-relevant genes [such as interferon-inducible protein Gig1, Mx1 protein, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5, Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein (viperin), and several genes involved in the ISGylation pathway], followed by Norway-810/9/99. NBISA01 and RPC/NB-01-0593-01 (both of North American genotype) showed low fold up-regulation of transcripts that were highly induced by RPC/NB-04-085-1 isolate. These findings show that ISAV isolates have strain-specific variations in their ability to induce immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada C1A 4P3
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