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Mozafari A, Amani J, Shahsavandi S, Hatef Salmanian A. A Novel Multi-Epitope Edible Vaccine Candidate for Newcastle Disease Virus: In Silico Approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3119. [PMID: 36337069 PMCID: PMC9583821 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.298822.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease, is one of the most important illnesses in the aviculture industry which shows a constant threat. In this case, the vaccine could be considered an important solution to prevent and control this disease. So, the development of a new and more effective vaccine against Newcastle disease is an urgent need. Immune informatics is an important field that provides insight into the experimental procedure and could facilitate the analysis of large amounts of immunological data generated by experimental research and help to design a new vaccine candidate. Objectives This study is aimed at bioinformatics to investigate and select the most immunogenic and conserved epitopes derived from F and HN glycoproteins, which play a key role in pathogenesis and immunity. This strategy could cover a wide range of Newcastle disease viruses. Materials and Method For expression in both E. coli (as an injectable recombinant vaccine candidate) and maize plant (as an edible vaccine candidate) host, two constructs were designed and analyzed separately. Furthermore, the role of LTB as an effective bio-adjuvant for general eliciting of the immune system and simultaneous expressions with those two antigens was evaluated. Hence, here a multimeric recombinant protein with the abbreviation LHN2F from the highly immunogenic part of HN, F and LTB proteins were designed. The synthetic construct was analyzed based on different bioinformatics tools. Results The proper immunogenicity and stability of this multimeric fusion protein have been shown by immunoinformatic methods from various servers. To confirm the function of the designed protein, the final molecule was docked to chicken MHC class I using the Pyrex-python 0.8 program. the results of Immune Epitope analysis were confirmed by the docking results between protein and receptor. Conclusions The results of structural and immunological computational studies proposed that the protein deduced from this novel construct could act as a vaccine candidate for Newcastle disease virus control and prophylactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mozafari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahsavandi
- Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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2
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Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070780. [PMID: 34358196 PMCID: PMC8310165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the growth of plant molecular farming as an approach to the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. Despite this, there have been notable successes both from a biochemical and a clinical perspective, with a number of clinical trials showing great promise. This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material.
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Abrahamian P, Hammond RW, Hammond J. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors: Applications in Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:513-535. [PMID: 32520661 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-054958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in our understanding of plant viral genome expression strategies and the interaction of a virus with its host for replication and movement, induction of disease, and resistance responses have been made through the generation of infectious molecules from cloned viral sequences. Autonomously replicating viral vectors derived from infectious clones have been exploited to express foreign genes in plants. Applications of virus-based vectors include the production of human/animal therapeutic proteins in plant cells and the specific study of plant biochemical processes, including those that confer resistance to pathogens. Additionally, virus-induced gene silencing, which is RNA mediated and triggered through homology-dependent RNA degradation mechanisms, has been exploited as an efficient method to study the functions of host genes in plants and to deliver small RNAs to insects. New and exciting strategies for vector engineering, delivery, and applications of plant virus-based vectors are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abrahamian
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Rosemarie W Hammond
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;
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4
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Charlton Hume HK, Vidigal J, Carrondo MJT, Middelberg APJ, Roldão A, Lua LHL. Synthetic biology for bioengineering virus-like particle vaccines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:919-935. [PMID: 30597533 PMCID: PMC7161758 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of disease prevention and control. Many viruses and bacteria that once caused catastrophic pandemics (e.g., smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, and diphtheria) are either eradicated or effectively controlled through routine vaccination programs. Nonetheless, vaccine manufacturing remains incredibly challenging. Viruses exhibiting high antigenic diversity and high mutation rates cannot be fairly contested using traditional vaccine production methods and complexities surrounding the manufacturing processes, which impose significant limitations. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are recombinantly produced viral structures that exhibit immunoprotective traits of native viruses but are noninfectious. Several VLPs that compositionally match a given natural virus have been developed and licensed as vaccines. Expansively, a plethora of studies now confirms that VLPs can be designed to safely present heterologous antigens from a variety of pathogens unrelated to the chosen carrier VLPs. Owing to this design versatility, VLPs offer technological opportunities to modernize vaccine supply and disease response through rational bioengineering. These opportunities are greatly enhanced with the application of synthetic biology, the redesign and construction of novel biological entities. This review outlines how synthetic biology is currently applied to engineer VLP functions and manufacturing process. Current and developing technologies for the identification of novel target‐specific antigens and their usefulness for rational engineering of VLP functions (e.g., presentation of structurally diverse antigens, enhanced antigen immunogenicity, and improved vaccine stability) are described. When applied to manufacturing processes, synthetic biology approaches can also overcome specific challenges in VLP vaccine production. Finally, we address several challenges and benefits associated with the translation of VLP vaccine development into the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley K Charlton Hume
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - João Vidigal
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal.,Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - António Roldão
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal.,Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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5
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MacDonald J. History and Promise of Plant-Made Vaccines for Animals. PROSPECTS OF PLANT-BASED VACCINES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90137-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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A concise review of poultry vaccination and future implementation of plant-based vaccines. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Charlton Hume HK, Lua LHL. Platform technologies for modern vaccine manufacturing. Vaccine 2017; 35:4480-4485. [PMID: 28347504 PMCID: PMC7115529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of antigenic components and their interaction with the immune system, as supported by computational tools, permits a sophisticated approach to modern vaccine design. Vaccine platforms provide an effective tool by which strategically designed peptide and protein antigens are modularized to enhance their immunogenicity. These modular vaccine platforms can overcome issues faced by traditional vaccine manufacturing and have the potential to generate safe vaccines, rapidly and at a low cost. This review introduces two promising platforms based on virus-like particle and liposome, and discusses the methodologies and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley K Charlton Hume
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Shahriari AG, Bagheri A, Bassami MR, Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi S, Afsharifar A, Niazi A. Expression of Hemagglutinin–Neuraminidase and fusion epitopes of Newcastle Disease Virus in transgenic tobacco. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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In vitro responses of chicken macrophage-like monocytes following exposure to pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli ghosts loaded with a rational design of conserved genetic materials of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 176:5-17. [PMID: 27288852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two important viral diseases in the poultry industry. Therefore, new disease-fighting strategies, especially effective genetic vaccination, are in high demand. Bacterial Ghost (BG) is a promising platform for delivering genetic materials to macrophages, cells that are among the first to encounter these viruses. However, there is no investigation on the immune response of these macrophage-targeted treatments. Here, we investigated the effect of genetic materials of AIV and NDV on the gene expression profile of important pro-inflammatory cytokines, a chemokine, a transcription factor, major histocompatibility complexes, and the viability of the chicken macrophage-like monocyte cells (CMM). Our genetic construct contained the external domain of matrix protein 2 and nucleoprotein gene of AIV, and immunodominant epitopes of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins of NDV (hereinafter referred to as pAIV-Vax), delivered via the pathogenic and non-pathogenic BGs (Escherichia coli O78K80 and E. coli TOP10 respectively). The results demonstrated that both types of BGs were able to efficiently deliver the construct to the CMM, although the pathogenic strain derived BG was a significantly better stimulant and delivery vehicle. Both BGs were safe regarding LPS toxicity and did not induce any cell death. Furthermore, the loaded BGs were more powerful in modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines' responses and antigen presentation systems in comparison to the unloaded BGs. Nitric oxide production of the BG-stimulated cells was also comparable to those challenged by the live bacteria. According to the results, the combination of pAIV-Vax construct and E. coli O78K80 BG is promising in inducing a considerable innate and adaptive immune response against AIV-NDV and perhaps the pathogenic E. coli, provided that the current combination be a potential candidate for in vivo testing regarding the development of an effective trivalent DNA vaccine against avian influenza and Newcastle disease, as well as a bacterial ghost vaccine against avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC).
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Construction of a camelid VHH yeast two-hybrid library and the selection of VHH against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the Newcastle disease virus. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:39. [PMID: 26920806 PMCID: PMC4769559 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important avian diseases in poultry. Since its discovery in 1926, ND has caused great economic losses to the world poultry industry and remains a threat to chickens and wild birds. Although a stringent vaccination policy is widely adopted to control ND, ND outbreaks still occur, and virulent NDV is sporadically isolated from chickens and wild birds. To study the pathogenesis of ND and provide tools to prevent its prevalence, novel antibody fragments should be developed. The variable domains of the heavy chain of the heavy-chain antibodies (VHH) are the smallest naturally occurring antibodies derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. The comparatively small size, high affinity, high solubility, low immunogenicity and ability to bind epitopes inaccessible to conventional antibodies of VHH make them ideal candidates for a considerable number of therapeutic and biotechnological applications. However, an anti-NDV VHH has not been reported to date. RESULTS In this study, a VHH yeast two-hybrid library was constructed from NDV vaccine immunized C. bactrianus, and seven VHH fragments to the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of NDV were successfully screened and characterized for the first time. These selected VHH clones were all expressed as soluble protein in E. coli. ELISA, dot blot, immunocytochemistry and pull down results showed that the screened VHHs could interact with NDV virion, among which five had neutralizing activity. In addition, the seven VHHs could inhibit the haemagglutination activity of different NDV strains. CONCLUSIONS We constructed an NDV-immunized VHH yeast two-hybrid library and screened and characterized seven VHHs targeting NDV HN protein for the first time. The seven VHHs may have great potential for NDV diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Terregino C, Aldous EW, Heidari A, Fuller CM, De Nardi R, Manvell RJ, Beato MS, Shell WM, Monne I, Brown IH, Alexander DJ, Capua I. Antigenic and genetic analyses of isolate APMV/wigeon/Italy/3920-1/2005 indicate that it represents a new avian paramyxovirus (APMV-12). Arch Virol 2013; 158:2233-43. [PMID: 23708253 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Isolate wigeon/Italy/3920-1/2005 (3920-1) was obtained during surveillance of wild birds in November 2005 in the Rovigo province of Northern Italy and shown to be a paramyxovirus. Analysis of cross-haemagglutination-inhibition tests between 3920-1 and representative avian paramyxoviruses showed only a low-level relationship to APMV-1. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome and each of the six genes indicated that while 3920-1 grouped with APMV-1 and APMV-9 viruses, it was quite distinct from these two. In the whole-genome analysis, 3920-1 had 52.1 % nucleotide sequence identity to the closest APMV-1 virus, 50.1 % identity to the APMV-9 genome, and less than 42 % identity to representatives of the other avian paramyxovirus groups. We propose isolate wigeon/Italy/3920-1/2005 as the prototype strain of a further APMV group, APMV-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Terregino
- OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy,
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12
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Wang H, Xue M, Yang D, Zhou G, Wu D, Yu L. Insertion of type O-conserved neutralizing epitope into the foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia1 VP1 G-H loop: effect on viral replication and neutralization phenotype. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1442-1448. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.040253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we finely mapped the neutralizing epitopes recognized by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia1-specific mAb 3E11 and FMDV type O-specific mAb 8E8. In this study, we engineered recombinant FMDVs of the serotype Asia1 (rFMDVs) displaying the type O-neutralizing epitope recognized by the mAb 8E8. These epitope-inserted viruses were genetically stable and exhibited growth properties that were similar to those of their parental virus. Importantly, the recombinant virus rFMDV-C showed neutralization sensitivity to both FMDV type Asia1 and type O mAbs, as well as to polyclonal antibodies. These results indicated that this epitope-inserted virus has the potential to induce neutralizing antibodies against both FMDV type Asia1 and type O. Our results demonstrated that the G-H loop of FMDV type Asia1 effectively displays the protective neutralizing epitopes of other FMDV serotypes, making this an attractive approach for the design of novel FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Mei Xue
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Decheng Yang
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Donglai Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
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Natilla A, Hammond RW. Maize rayado fino virus virus-like particles expressed in tobacco plants: A new platform for cysteine selective bioconjugation peptide display. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:209-15. [PMID: 21963393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) virus-like-particles (VLPs) produced in tobacco plants were examined for their ability to serve as a novel platform to which a variety of peptides can be covalently displayed when expressed through a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. To provide an anchor for chemical modifications, three Cys-MRFV-VLPs mutants were created by substituting several of the amino acids present on the shell of the wild-type MRFV-VLPs with cysteine residues. The mutant designated Cys 2-VLPs exhibited, under native conditions, cysteine thiol reactivity in bioconjugation reactions with a fluorescent dye. In addition, this Cys 2-VLPs was cross-linked by NHS-PEG4-Maleimide to 17 (F) and 8 (HN) amino acid long peptides, corresponding to neutralizing epitopes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The resulting Cys 2-VLPs-F and Cys 2-VLPs-HN were recognized in Western blots by antibodies to MRFV as well as to F and HN. The results demonstrated that plant-produced MRFV-VLPs have the ability to function as a novel platform for the multivalent display of surface ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Natilla
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Pu H, Jin J, Zhang X, Chen M, Wang B, Han C, Yu J, Li D. Development of Tobacco necrosis virus A as a vector for efficient and stable expression of FMDV VP1 peptides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2010; 8:506-23. [PMID: 20331532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus-based expression systems provide attractive alternatives for production of animal virus-originated antigenic peptides. In the present study, an infectious cDNA clone of Tobacco necrosis virus A Chinese isolate (TNV-A(C)) was used for expression of different peptides derived from Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O VP1 fused downstream of the coat protein (CP) open reading frame (ORF). Chenopodium amaranticolor inoculated with in vitro transcripts of the chimaeras developed symptoms similar to those caused by wild-type TNV-A(C). Western blot and RT-PCR detection of the infected leaves demonstrated that the chimaeras were infective, and a large number of self-assembled virions could be purified and observed under electron microscopy. Immunogold labelling revealed that highly expressed FMDV VP1 peptides could be displayed on the surfaces of virus particles. Additional immunoblotting and DNA sequence analyses showed that most of the chimaeras contained unmodified foreign peptides even after six successive passages in C. amaranticolor and three passages in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our results also suggest that the amino acid sequence and peptide length have a substantial influence on viral morphogenesis and systemic infections. Finally, animal experiments showed that purified chimaeric virus particles (CVPs) could induce a strong immune response against FMDV structural protein VP1 via an intramuscular route. And when inoculated nasally, CVPs could induce systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Joensuu JJ, Niklander-Teeri V, Brandle JE. Transgenic plants for animal health: plant-made vaccine antigens for animal infectious disease control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2008; 7:553-577. [PMID: 32214922 PMCID: PMC7089046 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-008-9088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plant species have been genetically modified to accumulate vaccine antigens for human and animal health and the first vaccine candidates are approaching the market. The regulatory burden for animal vaccines is less than that for human use and this has attracted the attention of researchers and companies, and investment in plant-made vaccines for animal infectious disease control is increasing. The dosage cost of vaccines for animal infectious diseases must be kept to a minimum, especially for non-lethal diseases that diminish animal welfare and growth, so efficient and economic production, storage and delivery are critical for commercialization. It has become clear that transgenic plants are an economic and efficient alternative to fermentation for large-scale production of vaccine antigens. The oral delivery of plant-made vaccines is particularly attractive since the expensive purification step can be avoided further reducing the cost per dose. This review covers the current status of plant-produced vaccines for the prevention of disease in animals and focuses on barriers to the development of such products and methods to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Joensuu
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
| | - V. Niklander-Teeri
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. E. Brandle
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
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Floss DM, Falkenburg D, Conrad U. Production of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies for veterinary applications in transgenic plants: an overview. Transgenic Res 2007; 16:315-32. [PMID: 17436059 PMCID: PMC7089296 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, antibodies, antibody derivatives and vaccines have been developed for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in human and veterinary medicine. Numerous species of dicot and monocot plants have been genetically modified to produce antibodies or vaccines, and a number of diverse transformation methods and strategies to enhance the accumulation of the pharmaceutical proteins are now available. Veterinary applications are the specific focus of this article, in particular for pathogenic viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic parasites. We focus on the advantages and remaining challenges of plant-based therapeutic proteins for veterinary applications with emphasis on expression platforms, technologies and economic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Manuela Floss
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Germany
| | | | - Udo Conrad
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, Gatersleben, 06466 Germany
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Nuzzaci M, Piazzolla G, Vitti A, Lapelosa M, Tortorella C, Stella I, Natilla A, Antonaci S, Piazzolla P. Cucumber mosaic virus as a presentation system for a double hepatitis C virus-derived epitope. Arch Virol 2007; 152:915-28. [PMID: 17238010 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric plant viruses are emerging as promising vectors for use in innovative vaccination strategies. In this context, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has proven to be a suitable carrier of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-derived R9 mimotope. In the present work, a new chimeric CMV, expressing on its surface the HCV-derived R10 mimotope, was produced but lost the insert after the first passage on tobacco. A comparative analysis between R10- and R9-CMV properties indicated that R9-CMV stability was related to structural features typical of the foreign insert. Thus, in order to combine high virus viability with strong immuno-stimulating activity, we doubled R9 copies on each of the 180 coat protein (CP) subunits of CMV. One of the chimeras produced by this approach (2R9-CMV) was shown to systemically infect the host, stably maintaining both inserts. Notably, it was strongly recognized by sera of HCV-infected patients and, as compared with R9-CMV, displayed an enhanced ability to stimulate lymphocyte IFN-gamma production. The high immunogen levels achievable in plants or fruits infected with 2R9-CMV suggest that this chimeric form of CMV may be useful in the development of oral vaccines against HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nuzzaci
- Department of Biology, Plant Protection and Agrobiotechnology, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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Guerrero-Andrade O, Loza-Rubio E, Olivera-Flores T, Fehérvári-Bone T, Gómez-Lim MA. Expression of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein in transgenic maize and immunological studies. Transgenic Res 2006; 15:455-63. [PMID: 16906446 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-006-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic plants have been employed successfully as a low-cost system for the production of therapeutically valuable proteins, including antibodies, antigens and hormones. Here, we report the expression of the fusion (F) gene of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in transgenic maize plants. The expression of the transgene, driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter, caused accumulation of the F protein in maize kernels. The presence of the transgene was verified by Southern and western blots. Feeding chickens with kernels containing the F protein induced the production of antibodies, which conferred protection against a viral challenge. This protection was comparable to that conferred by a commercial vaccine. Possible uses of this plant-based F protein as a potential mucosal vaccine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Guerrero-Andrade
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Cinvestav Campus Guanajuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo, Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México 36500
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19
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Natilla A, Hammond RW, Nemchinov LG. Epitope presentation system based on cucumber mosaic virus coat protein expressed from a potato virus X-based vector. Arch Virol 2006; 151:1373-86. [PMID: 16489509 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cucumber mosaic virus Ixora isolate (CMV) coat protein gene (CP) was placed under the transcriptional control of the duplicated subgenomic CP promoter of a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. In vitro RNA transcripts were inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants and recombinant CMV capsid proteins were identified on Western blots probed with CMV antibodies 5-7 days post-inoculation. PVX-produced CMV CP subunits were capable of assembling into virus-like particles (VLPs), which were visualized by electron microscopy. We further used the PVX/CMVCP system for transient expression of recombinant CMV CP constructs containing different neutralizing epitopes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) engineered into the internal betaH-betaI (motif 5) loop. Both crude plant extracts and purified VLPs were immunoreactive with CMV antibodies as well as with epitope-specific antibodies to NDV, thus confirming the surface display of the engineered NDV epitope. Our study demonstrates the potential of PVX/CMVCP as an expression tool and as a presentation system for promising epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natilla
- USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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McConnell MJ, Danthinne X, Imperiale MJ. Characterization of a permissive epitope insertion site in adenovirus hexon. J Virol 2006; 80:5361-70. [PMID: 16699016 PMCID: PMC1472126 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00256-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A robust immune response is generated against components of the adenovirus capsid. In particular, a potent and long-lived humoral response is elicited against the hexon protein. This is due to the efficient presentation of adenovirus capsid proteins to CD4+ T cells by antigen-presenting cells, in addition to the highly repetitive structure of the adenovirus capsids, which can efficiently stimulate B-cell proliferation. In the present study, we take advantage of this immune response by inserting epitopes against which an antibody response is desired into the adenovirus hexon. We use a B-cell epitope from Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) as a model antigen to characterize hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of hexon as a site for peptide insertion. We demonstrate that HVR5 can accommodate a peptide of up to 36 amino acids without adversely affecting virus infectivity, growth, or stability. Viruses containing chimeric hexons elicited antibodies against PA in mice, with total immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers reaching approximately 1 x 10(3) after two injections. The antibody response contained both IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, suggesting that Th1 and Th2 immunity had been stimulated. Coinjection of wild-type adenovirus and a synthetic peptide from PA produced no detectable antibodies, indicating that incorporation of the epitope into the capsid was crucial for immune stimulation. Together, these results indicate that the adenovirus capsid is an efficient vehicle for presenting B-cell epitopes to the immune system, making this a useful approach for the design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McConnell
- University of Michigan Medical School, 6304 Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0942, USA
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